急急急！！！求解答 水果的最佳采摘时机
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">在水果的收获期，果园的承包经营者通常采用分期分批采摘、上市的策略，以提高经济效益。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">一般来讲，从水果基本成熟开始采摘、上市，水果成熟时大面积采摘、上市，直到水果完全成熟采摘、上市完毕。从水果成熟到水果完全成熟，期间预计需要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">20 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">天的时间。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">据估计，某果园有水果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">25000 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤。在该地市场上，若日供应量在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">500 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤以下，其售价为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">36</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤；若日供应量在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">500</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">－</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">1000 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤，其售价则降至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">34 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤；若日供应量超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">1000 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤时，价格降至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">30 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤以下；若日供应量达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">1500 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤，则处于饱和状态。由于劳动力的供应日益增加，水果基本成熟到水果成熟期间，采摘成本为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">10 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤；水果完全成熟时采摘成本为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">公斤。同时，随着日渐成熟，水果的自然凋落及采摘造成损失增加，至完全成熟时损失率为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><font face="Times New Roman">15%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: ??;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">承包经营人提出了这样一个问题：如何安排水果的采摘投放市场，效益最佳？</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ??; mso-hansi-font-family: ??;">在线等！！急急急啊！</span></p> 利润最大化问题，LINGO建模如下：SETS:
!日期，1-7为开始成熟，8-14为成熟，15-21为完全成熟;
PERIOD/ 1..21/:
X, !每日采摘量;
P, !每日售价;
C, !每日成本;
L; !每日损失率;
ENDSETS
!目标函数，总利润最大;
MAX = @SUM(PERIOD:( X * ( 1 - L) - C) * P);
@FOR( PERIOD( I):
!每日价格，根据采摘量不同而不同;
P( I) = @IF( X( I) #LT# 500, 36,
@IF(( X( I) #GE# 500) #AND# ( X( I) #LE# 1000), 34, 30));
!每日采摘上限不得大于1500;
X( I) < 1500;
!每日采摘成本，根据时间不同而不同;
C( I) = @IF( I #LE# 14, 10, 4);
!每日损失率;
L( I) = @IF( I #LE# 14, 0.01 + I * 0.01, 0.15);
);
!总采摘量为25000;
@SUM( PERIOD( I): X( I)) = 25000;
CALC:
@SET( 'GLOBAL', 1);
ENDCALC
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