做B题了。。。。
来抢一个位子~~~~~~~~
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PROBLEM B: Energy and the Cell Phone
This question involves the “energy” consequences of the cell phone revolution. Cell phone usage is mushrooming, and many people are using cell phones and giving up their landline telephones. What is the consequence of this in terms of electricity use? Every cell phone comes with a battery and a recharger.
Requirement 1Consider the current US, a country of about 300 million people. Estimate from available data the number H of households, with m members each, that in the past were serviced by landlines. Now, suppose that all the landlines are replaced by cell phones; that is, each of the m members of the household has a cell phone. Model the consequences of this change for electricity utilization in the current US, both during the transition and during the steady state. The analysis should take into account the need for charging the batteries of the cell phones, as well as the fact that cell phones do not last as long as landline phones (for example, the cell phones get lost and break).
Requirement 2Consider a second “Pseudo US”—a country of about 300 million people with about the same economic status as the current US. However, this emerging country has neither landlines nor cell phones. What is the optimal way of providing phone service to this country from an energy perspective? Of course, cell phones have many social consequences and uses that landline phones do not allow. A discussion of the broad and hidden consequences of having only landlines, only cell phones, or a mixture of the two is welcomed.
Requirement 3Cell phones periodically need to be recharged. However, many people always keep their recharger plugged in. Additionally, many people charge their phones every night, whether they need to be recharged or not. Model the energy costs of this wasteful practice for a Pseudo US based upon your answer to Requirement 2. Assume that the Pseudo US supplies electricity from oil. Interpret your results in terms of barrels of oil.
Requirement 4Estimates vary on the amount of energy that is used by various recharger types (TV, DVR, computer peripherals, and so forth) when left plugged in but not charging the device. Use accurate data to model the energy wasted by the current US in terms of barrels of oil per day.
Requirement 5Now consider population and economic growth over the next 50 years. How might a typical Pseudo US grow? For each 10 years for the next 50 years, predict the energy needs for providing phone service based upon your analysis in the first three requirements. Again, assume electricity is provided from oil. Interpret your predictions in term of barrels of oil.
woyao qiang yige
翻译出来了吗？
lingoes翻译：
这个问题涉及到“能源”后果的手机革命。使用手机是层出不穷，许多人使用手机，放弃了自己的座机电话。是什么后果，这方面的用电量？每个手机配备的电池和一个充电器。
要求1
认为目前美国，一个国家的约300万人。从现有数据估计的数目h的家庭，每一个与M成员，这在过去是被服务的座机。现在，假设所有的座机所取代的手机，也就是说，每一米家庭成员都有手机。模型的后果，这种变化的用电在当前的美国，都在过渡期间和稳态。分析应考虑到需要充电电池的手机，以及一个事实，即手机不会过去，只要固定电话（例如，手机丢失，打破） 。
要求2
考虑第二个“伪美国”一个国家的约300万人左右相同的经济地位，目前美国。然而，这个新兴国家也没有固定的手机。什么是最佳的方式提供电话服务，这个国家从能源角度看？当然，手机有很多的社会后果和用途，固定电话不允许。讨论了广泛的和隐藏的后果只有座机，只有手机，或混合的两个是值得欢迎的。
要求3
手机需要定期充电。然而，许多人始终保持自己的充电器插入此外，很多人指责自己的手机每天晚上，他们是否需要充电或没有。模型的能源成本的浪费做法是伪美国根据您的答案，要求2 。假定伪美国石油供电。解释您的结果在桶石油。
要求4
估计不同的数额能源所使用的各种充电器类型（电视，硬盘录像机，计算机外围设备，等等）时，左边插上，但没有充电设备。使用准确的数据模型所浪费的能量目前美国方面桶石油每天。
要求5
现在考虑人口和经济增长在未来50年内。如何一个典型的伪美国发展壮大？对于每一个10年的今后50年内，能源需求预测，提供电话服务，根据您的分析前三要求。再次，假设提供电力来自石油。解释您预测在任期桶石油。