MATLAB GUI的使用经验与技巧
<shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" oextrusionok="f"></path><lock aspectratio="t" vext="edit"></lock></shapetype><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style="MARGIN-TOP: -29.75pt; Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 25.6pt; WIDTH: 340.15pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 14.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><imagedata blacklevel="5898f" gain="61604f" cropbottom="29104f" croptop="29723f" otitle="295917-5-25-1972" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg"></imagedata></shape><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> ----摘自《精通MATLAB GUI设计》一书 </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> GUI</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是实现人机交互的中介，具有强大的功能，可以完成许多复杂的程序模块。想熟练快捷地使用它，需要具有一定的知识储备和必要的经验技巧。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 关于<span lang="EN-US">MATLAB GUI</span>的入门，推荐使用<span lang="EN-US">MATLAB</span>的帮助文档，仔细研读<span lang="EN-US">HELP</span>是最好的办法。需要了解函数句柄等必要基础知识，熟悉各控件对象的基本属性和方法操作，清楚不同控件的合适使用条件及其特有的功能，并会采用不同的使用手段来实现相同功能的设计。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）菜单和控件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">需要详细掌握菜单和控件。菜单很简单，就是弄清楚菜单之间的关系和如何调用。控件的使用主要是用好</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CreateFcn</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Callback</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">属性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CreateFcn</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中的语句是在程序运行时就立即执行脚本。如果希望界面可控，那么最好用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Callback</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">属性。在相应控件下，添加相应的脚本就可以实现比较复杂的计算绘图等功能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="1" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）事件处理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">需要重点掌握事件处理，理解函数回调的机理以及不同条件下回调的处理。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">使用独立回调函数技术，可以让复杂的回调变得简单；全局变</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">量是在函数的公共区说明，整个函数以及所有对函数的递归调用都可以利用全局变量；同属性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Tag</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一样，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">UserData</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">属性可在函数之间或递归函数的不同部分之间传递信息。如果需</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">要多个变量，这些变量可以在一个容易辨识的对象的属性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">UsetData</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中传递；通过函数句柄来定义回调实现数据的访问和方法的实现。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="1" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">GUI</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的设计原则和步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在设计</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUI</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的时候，要注意一定的原则和步骤，分析界面所要求实现的主要功能，明确设计任务，构思草图，设计界面和属性，编写对象的相应代码，实现控件的交互调用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">另外对于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUI</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在具体学科的应用，其学科的知识是基础，掌握具体学科的相关知识并用代码来实现，才能很好地结合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">MATLAB</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">进行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUI</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">编程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="1" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUI</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">实现方式的选择</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">最后考虑的问题是实现方式的选择：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUIDE</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">还是全脚本？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">MATLAB</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">自带的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUI</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">设计工具</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUIDE</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的好处是非常容易入手，风格很像</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">VB</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">，相关的控件可以随便用，它们的位置和大小也可以像</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Windows</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一样方便。但是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUIDE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">生成的是一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">fig</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文件，它同时还会生成一个包含了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">fig</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中放置的控件的相关回调函数的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">m</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">脚本。这两个文件照理说是互相影响的，但是当你改动了其中一个文件的内容，比如在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">fig</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中删掉一个原来的控件，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">m</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">脚本中对应的该控件的回调函数却仍然存在，虽说回调函数是空的，但破坏了程序架构的美感，需要手动删掉这些代码。同时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUIDE</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">还没有实现创建</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">uitoolbox</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">和所有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">axes</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的子对象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">用全脚本实现的最好入门就是读代码，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">MATLAB</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">自带</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">demo</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">，包括按钮、单选按钮、框架、复选框、文本标签、编辑文本框、滑动条、下拉菜单、列表框和双位按钮等，顺便还能了解</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">MATLAB</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">里句柄函数的参数传递，可以更直观而快速地掌握</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUI</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">设计的技巧。使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">M</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文件代码可以重复使用，可以生成非常复杂的界面，可以方便地在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">handle</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中存取数据，将创建对象代码与动作执行代码很好地结合起来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">当然，最好的办法是针对不同的情况来确定使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">GUIDE</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">还是全脚本，也可以考虑结合使用来发挥各自优势。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">看再多不如动手学得快，自己动手，不断摸索，在实践中体会学习的快乐！</span> GUI懂多少？ 多谢楼主分享:handshake 我以为是自己的经验呢，。。。。
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