标题: 数学名词站 [打印本页] 作者: lilianjie 时间: 2011-12-27 16:37 标题: 数学名词站 本帖最后由 lilianjie 于 2011-12-27 16:39 编辑 ' a5 v" }) @- z4 O
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cut-the-knot。ORG' u3 ]- H! Q) q6 G1 p
6 K/ d+ ?6 }) j3 \9 m8 M3 {; H" UMaclaurin and Taylor series ' e( p/ t" x+ GFor a (real) function f under certain conditions (Taylor's Theorem) - L* M8 b$ o$ L 4 F" ~8 B& l2 J. i6 p f(x) = f(a) + (x - a)f'(a) + (x - a)2f(2)(a)/2! + ... + (x - a)nf(n)(a)/n! + Rn 2 ^6 U/ P$ ^* M% X
7 d7 l. A2 p- x' w4 I' Y# B% aOne obtains a Maclaurin series when a = 0. However, introducing g(x) = f(x + a) one gets f(n)(a) = g(n)(0), and so the Maclaurin series for g at x = 0 coincides with the Taylor series of f at x = a. ' M( f; c; o& ?/ D, Z# Z. T2 R1 x! t8 ^. T/ a* U
The remainder Rn looks very much like the expected next term, with the derivative evaluated at an intermediate point:$ d8 @3 g0 d& N t3 y; W
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Rn = (x - a)n + 1f(n + 1)(γ)/(n + 1)!, 6 k" ?" n( S# Q. [% x; i( l' N7 A$ n/ n& X/ X* j/ o; h
where γ is a point between a and x. For the derivation of this form for the remainder of the series f is required to have at least n + 1 continuous derivatives.) }- D& P$ r) e# O: E. j, o& L$ E
) v& [! D) d3 V" |3 [" G: U 作者: darker50 时间: 2011-12-28 09:41
建议最好翻译一下,让大家看的更明白些!作者: lilianjie 时间: 2011-12-29 14:30 本帖最后由 lilianjie 于 2011-12-29 15:47 编辑 7 X/ H+ b3 e, R& p) p" D i/ D+ i
3 t% r2 ^. ^ a9 B/ wcoalgebras or cogebras 余代数 / D+ v* n @5 E# \9 I! Y$ b" B余代数是带单位元的结合代数的对偶结构,后者的公理由一系列交换图给出,将这些图中的箭头反转,便得到余代数的公理。 * l# K: M3 S9 `2 k* B$ O 5 [$ I. L4 O" R/ D余代数的概念可用于李群及群概形等领域中。 ( g( g# [/ y4 M1 n- j 4 N& P5 M: K; l. w0 p% ]7 }# r* b8 O9 A) t* c. z
李余代数, `* ]5 n0 B- o& C3 G, H
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一张学格的表:' @! ?/ L9 D! W
( @" j% Z( e& j F/ o8 o1. A boolean algebra is a complemented distributive lattice. (def)布尔代数是完全分配格 7 ]. ?5 M$ Z& y4 k% ~- } / e4 f) B' E4 z0 y. G! o3 ?2. A boolean algebra is a heyting algebra.[1]布尔代数是一个海廷代数 / A M1 B/ M# B/ @& d1 ]! ]7 g9 _- A' l5 s/ s, l
. z" U6 Q1 i8 B' L3. A boolean algebra is orthocomplemented.[2]布尔代数是正交可补& x+ i6 n' E* ^/ l- b2 G* O4 U( ]
# r8 q0 t2 J: ~4 E, R8 r. c4. A distributive orthocomplemented lattice is orthomodular.[3]分配正交可补格是正交模 & C. Z% f( U; `7 B2 {; f: W! Q, e) ^! A
5. A boolean algebra is orthomodular. (1,3,4)布尔代数是正交模9 p; D8 ~8 V, b2 R) X- b) x
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6. An orthomodular lattice is orthocomplemented. (def)正交模格正交可补 7 S8 u1 j; c" c( n8 ~% K ]# s, f4 @7 R: m1 g4 q
7. An orthocomplemented lattice is complemented. (def)正交可补格可补 6 i0 J6 u: h& O! v- h( q. s 4 \( N+ V5 Z. ?6 ]6 B) y1 s8. A complemented lattice is bounded. (def)可补格有界 ) Z/ R8 X2 Y/ C% Q& \, T3 _0 o 0 q8 d a; |$ X8 L9. An algebraic lattice is complete. (def)代数格是完全的6 A& Z+ C: {$ |( u2 g [
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10. A complete lattice is bounded.完全格有界 0 i8 s- Z- T* |5 M( U1 G3 W- d$ j. L r0 C. v( L
11. A heyting algebra is bounded. (def)海廷代数有界 6 w* \% L$ _. `! E: {) Y5 h0 P / Q* X; a( M+ B# u! u1 o ~* c12. A bounded lattice is a lattice. (def)有界格是格- C& h0 ?6 Z4 x9 b- u
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13. A heyting algebra is residuated.海廷代数是剩余的 6 Y: E' O ^+ u) R8 x8 X# s & ? n8 J8 L4 j! g( A' w( c14. A residuated lattice is a lattice. (def)剩余格是格 2 C \2 J0 T t2 t& X2 s/ J. [. ~5 h/ ^% i* @* J" U! t9 i/ `. N' S6 b
15. A distributive lattice is modular.[4]分配格是模 $ r( F7 f, C* k) H 1 b8 K3 X) k/ I16. A modular complemented lattice is relatively complemented.[5]模可补格相关可补 8 L- @# u% s: _7 H7 F& t1 f- i6 X" J R. D% b' }2 w. W
17. A boolean algebra is relatively complemented. (1,15,16)布尔代数相关可补 " ~5 Y c2 O& I$ b+ P. c ( f/ |, J, C% s18. A relatively complemented lattice is a lattice. (def)相关可补格是格+ s3 b N; H' j7 r( E
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19. A heyting algebra is distributive.[6]海廷代数可分配 2 _& `$ ~( b# I& n: G( T0 ? S0 n; [+ n
20. A totally ordered set is a distributive lattice.全序集是分配格, R# n: s: _5 g6 v9 p
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21. A metric lattice is modular.[7]度量格是模 7 n! @% f4 f' m4 }7 I# E* ]; s% ?! s* C, Y# z1 F1 ~# [
22. A modular lattice is semi-modular.[8]模格是半模1 V7 u5 c/ W' q( @" V# M
; ]0 R0 H1 y3 a23. A projective lattice is modular.[9]防射格是模 6 w& Q2 b& I" h. I9 x 7 f2 {* k* G1 l/ k24. A projective lattice is geometric. (def)防射格可几何度量2 q2 a' j7 Q# P/ |& \
3 k1 S: l9 Z T Q9 \# M25. A geometric lattice is semi-modular.[10]几何度量格是半模 / @! _; y b! \7 q5 Y) m, j. w( w+ r4 D/ e. h/ C
26. A semi-modular lattice is atomic.[11]半模格是原子格 . f. c, L- v# i" G& W9 A. z; u- E 9 k% q t; `7 v4 b- T27. An atomic lattice is a lattice. (def)原子格是格+ Q" b- O9 ^ l4 T$ b8 A* `5 u
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28. A lattice is a semi-lattice. (def)格是半格5 ], Y F" w0 ^& @" y/ {* n
; Z6 v+ t: z' ?5 z) E4 ]3 F29. A semi-lattice is a partially ordered set. (def)半格是偏序集 , g+ |. n) l Y2 A% g9 d: o % Z& {' ?6 t, W4 `& s) A/ R' n