2016
Certificate Authority Cup International Mathematical Contest Modeling http://mcm.tzmcm.cn
2016年 数学中国数学建模国际赛
Problem A(MCM): Predictions of Ozone Depletion 赛题A 预防臭氧枯竭
Ozone depletion includes several phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline in the total amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone — as known as ozone hole — around Earth's polar regions. In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena, there are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events.
臭氧损耗包括自20世纪70年代末观察到的一些现象:地球平流层中臭氧总量的(臭氧层) 稳步下降，春季平流层臭氧减少尤其剧烈，这一现象也称为臭氧层空洞——常出现在地球的两极地区。除了这些众所周知的平流层现象,也有春季极地对流层臭氧损耗事件。
Problem B(MCM): The Direct Metro Lines 赛题B 地铁直达线
In current metro network of a megapolis, it usually takes a long time to transport passengers between two far apart stations. We may suggest that set a direct shuttle train between two long-distance stations to save time of the longhaul passengers.
就任何一个大城市当前的地铁网络来说，通常需要花费很长时间来运输两个相距较远的站中间的旅客。我们建议设置两个远程站之间的直达列车，这样可以节省长途旅客的时间。
Problem C(ICM): The War on Superbugs 赛题C 对抗超级细菌
These days there’s a lot of talk about our antibiotic resistance crisis. Bacteria that have evolved to withstand antibiotics kill 700,000 people each year, and ever more powerful strains are spreading around the world. Researchers are worried that we will enter a post-antibiotic age, in which we are infected by bacteria that can defeat every drug medicine has to offer. Next week, the United Nations will convene a high-level meeting to coordinate the global fight against these invisible enemies.
这些天有很多关于抗生素耐药性危机的讨论。已经进化能抵抗抗生素的细菌，每年杀死700,000人，甚至有越来越多的强大菌株在世界各地蔓延。研究人员担心，我们将进入一个后抗生素时代，在这一时代中，我们感染的细菌可以打败任何一种药物所提供的细菌。下周，联合国将召开一次高层会议，协调全球来对抗这些无形的敌人。
Although mostly forgotten today, Batten and other like-minded scientists were warning of a coming antibiotic crisis over 60 years ago. They were right, but they were ignored. Their failure offers some important lessons for today’s new crusaders.
尽管今天，大部分人都已经遗忘了，在60年前巴滕和其他志同道合的科学家们对即将到来的抗生素危机已经作出预警。他们是正确的，但他们却被忽视了。他们的失败为今天的新的红十字人员提供了一些重要经验。
Just a year after the World War II’s end, though, the discoverer of penicillin warned that it might become useless. Accepting his Nobel Prize in 1945, Alexander Fleming mapped out how the failure could happen. “There is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself,” Fleming said, “and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant.”
仅仅在二战结束一年后，青霉素的发明者就警告称青霉素最终可能失去效用。1945年，亚历山大·弗莱明接受诺贝尔奖，也道出失或许不可避免。弗莱明说：“不清楚的人容易把握不了剂量，并通过暴露体内微生物的非致死量使其产生抗药性。”
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