2005MCM赛题翻译(初稿) - 数学建模社区-数学中国

南卡罗来纳州中部的磨累河是由北部的一个巨大水坝形成的，这是在1930年为了发电而修建的，模拟一起洪水淹没下游的事件，这起事件是由于一次灾难性的地震损毁了水坝造成的。

Rawls Creek是水坝下游流入Saluda河的一条终年流动的河流，则当水坝损毁后在Rawls Creek将会出现多大的洪流，洪水的波及面将有多大？ S.C.国会大厦大楼在一座小山上，在S.C.国会大厦大楼能俯视Congaree 河。洪水能如此巨大顺流以致于水将扩展到S.C.国会大厦大楼吗？

以下是引用opticsever在2005-2-4 10:24:57的发言：

整体的地理布局图有吗？或者相关的实际数据，坐标。

以下是引用xie118在2005-2-4 10:25:46的发言： 能不能帮忙译一下C题呀,万分感谢!!

Heavily-traveled toll roads such as the Garden State Parkway, Interstate 95, and so forth, are multi-lane divided highways that are interrupted at intervals by toll plazas. 像Garden State Parkway，Interstate 95等等这样的长途收费公路，通常是多行道的，被分成几条高速公路，在这些高速公路上每隔一定的间隔会设立一个通行税收费广场。 Because collecting tolls is usually unpopular, it is desirable to minimize motorist annoyance by limiting the amount of traffic disruption caused by the toll plazas. 因为征收通行税通常不受欢迎，所以应该尽量减少通过通行税收费广场引起的交通混乱给汽车司机带来的烦恼。 Commonly, a much larger number of tollbooths is provided than the number of travel lanes entering the toll plaza. 通常，收费亭的数量要多于进入收费广场的道路的数量。 Upon entering the toll plaza, the flow of vehicles fans out to the larger number of tollbooths, and when leaving the toll plaza, the flow of vehicles is required to squeeze back down to a number of travel lanes equal to the number of travel lanes before the toll plaza. 进入通行税收费广场的时候，流到大量收费亭的车辆呈扇形展开，当离开通行税收费广场的时候，车流将只能按照收费广场前行车道路的数量排队按次序通过！ Consequently, when traffic is heavy, congestion increases upon departure from the toll plaza. 从而，当交通是拥挤的时，拥挤在违背通行税广场上增加。 When traffic is very heavy, congestion also builds at the entry to the toll plaza because of the time required for each vehicle to pay the toll. 当交通非常拥挤的时候，因为每车辆付通行费的时间要求，阻塞也会出现在通行税收费广场的入口处。 Make a model to help you determine the optimal number of tollbooths to deploy in a barrier-toll plaza. 建立一个模型来确定在一个容易造成阻塞的通行税收费广场中应该部署的最优的收费亭的数量。 Explicitly consider the scenario where there is exactly one tollbooth per incoming travel lane. 需要保证每一个进入收费广场的交通线路上都仅有一个收费亭。 Under what conditions is this more or less effective than the current practice? 与当今的实践相比较，在什么条件下这或多或少有效？ Note that the definition of "optimal" is up to you to determine. 注意："最佳"的定义由你自己决定。

ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、？？？？？？？？？

Select a vital nonrenewable or exhaustible resource (water, mineral, energy, food, etc.) for which your team can find appropriate world-wide historic data on its endowment, discovery, annual consumption, and price. 选择一个至关重要的，但不能再生或者用得尽的资源(水，矿物质，能源，食品，等等)，你的队需要找到一些关于它的蕴藏量，已发现储量，每年消费额和价格的数据，这些数据应该是适合世界范围的、有历史意义的。 The modeling tasks are: 建立模型的要求是：

Using the endowment, discoveries, and consumption data, model the depletion or degradation of the commodity over a long horizon using resource modeling principles. 利用资源模型化原则，使用蕴藏量，已发现储量，每年消费额的数据，建立一个世界范围的日常消耗或退化的模型。

Adjust the model to account for future economic, demographic, political and environmental factors. 考虑将来经济，人口统计，政治的模特和环境等因素，调整你的模型。 Be sure to reveal the details of your model, provide visualizations of the model’s output, and explain limitations of the model. 需要揭示你的模型的细节，提供可视化的模型输出，并且表述模型的限制。

Create a fair, practical "harvesting/management" policy that may include economic incentives or disincentives, which sustain the usage over a long period of time while avoiding severe disruption of consumption, degradation or rapid exhaustion of the resource. 建立一个公正的，实用的"收获/管理"政策，可能包括经济奖励或者惩罚，能保持长时间的可用，避免消耗，退化或者资源的迅速的竭尽。 Develop a "security" policy that protects the resource against theft, misuse, disruption, and unnecessary degradation or destruction of the resource. 制定一个用来保护资源以防偷窃，错用，破坏和资源的不必要的退化或者灭绝的"安全"政策。 Other issues that may need to be addressed are political and security management alternatives associated with these policies. 其他可能需要处理的问题是与这些政策相关的政治和安全管理的选择。

Develop policies to control any short- or long-term "environmental effects" of the harvesting. 建立政策来控制短期或者长期的"环境效应"的收益。 Be sure to include issues such as pollutants, increased susceptibility to natural disasters, waste handling and storage, and other factors you deem appropriate. 需要包括一些其它的问题，例如环境污染，增加对自然灾害的敏感性，垃圾的处理和贮存以及你认为合适的其他因素。 Compare this resource with any other alternatives for its purpose. What new science or technologies could be developed to mitigate the use and potential exhaustion of this resource? Develop a research policy to advance these new areas.

基于这个目的，把这种资源的其它一些选择相比较。什么新科学或者技术可能被应用来减少这种资源的使用和潜在的竭尽？发展一个研究计划来发展这个新的领域。

以下是引用gkcorn在2005-2-4 11:19:21的发言：

非常感谢，辛苦啦！！！

[em01]

以下是引用潜龙在渊在2005-2-4 11:24:08的发言： 有没有相关资料提供下载？

以下是引用xiaoshiyilang在2005-2-4 11:43:39的发言： 202.120.96.59

以下是引用wangnigetou在2005-2-4 12:49:33的发言：

202.120.96.59

要帐号密码的没什么大用

把背景资料拿出来一起 SHARE 下啊

[em06]

以下是引用fancyhanxing在2005-2-4 20:55:25的发言：

答案呀，谢谢！！！！！！！！1

[em02]

以下是引用yuhu_9863在2005-2-4 21:11:36的发言： 谢谢

a Total natural renewable surface and groundwater. Typically includes flows from other countries. (FA "Natural total renewable water resources.")

e Estimates from Margat (1989), Water International 14 as cited in Gleick 1993, Table A11.

f Estimates from Shahin (1989), Water International 14 as cited in Gleick 1993, Table A17.

i New ECE Environmental Statistical Database. j Estimates from FAO (1997) "Water Resources of the Near East Region: A Review." Rome.

Estimates from FAO (1997) "Irrigation in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union in Figures." Rome.

以下是引用fancyhanxing在2005-2-4 21:49:45的发言：

Table 1. Total Renewable Freshwater Supply By Country

	Source: P.H. Gleick, 1998, "The World's Water 1998-1999" (Island Press, Washington, DC).
		Annual Renewable Water Resources (km^3/yr)	Year of Estimate	Source of Estimate
Region and Country
AFRICA
	Algeria	14.3	1997	c,j
	Angola	184.0	1987	b
	Benin	25.8	1994	c
	Botswana	14.7	1992	c
	Burkina Faso	17.5	1992	c
	Burundi	3.6	1987	b
	Cameroon	268.0	1987	b
	Cape Verde	0.3	1990	c
	Central African Republic	141.0	1987	b
	Chad	43.0	1987	b
	Comoros	1.0	1987	b
	Congo	832.0	1987	b
	Congo, Democratic Republic (formerly Zaire)	1,019.0	1990	c
	Cote D'Ivoire	77.7	1987	b
	Djibouti	0.3	1997	j
	Egypt	86.8	1997	j
	Equatorial Guinea	30.0	1987	b
	Eritrea	8.8	1990	c
	Ethiopia	110.0	1987	b
	Gabon	164.0	1987	b
	Gambia	8.0	1982	c
	Ghana	53.0	1970	c
	Guinea	226.0	1987	b
	Guinea-Bissau	27.0	1991	c
	Kenya	30.2	1990	c
	Lesotho	5.2	1987	b
	Liberia	232.0	1987	b
	Libya	0.6	1997	c,j
	Madagascar	337.0	1984	c
	Malawi	18.7	1994	c
	Mali	67.0	1987	b
	Mauritania	11.4	1997	c,j
	Mauritius	2.2	1974	c
	Morocco	30.0	1997	c,j
	Mozambique	216.0	1992	c
	Namibia	45.5	1991	c
	Niger	32.5	1988	c
	Nigeria	280.0	1987	b
	Rwanda	6.3	1993	c
	Senegal	39.4	1987	b
	Sierra Leone	160.0	1987	b
	Somalia	15.7	1997	j
	South Africa	50.0	1990	c
	Sudan	154.0	1997	c,j
	Swaziland	4.5	1987	b
	Tanzania	89.0	1994	c
	Togo	11.5	1987	b
	Tunisia	4.1	1997	j
	Uganda	66.0	1970	c
	Zambia	116.0	1994	c
	Zimbabwe	20.0	1987	b
NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
	Barbados	<1	1962	d
	Belize	16.0	1987	b
	Canada	2901.0	1980	d
	Costa Rica	95.0	1970	d
	Cuba	34.5	1975	d
	Dominican Republic	20.0	1987	b
	El Salvador	19.0	1975	d
	Guatemala	116.0	1970	d
	Haiti	11.0	1987	b
	Honduras	83.4	1992	h
	Jamaica	8.3	1975	d
	Mexico	357.4	1975	d
	Nicaragua	175.0	1975	d
	Panama	144.0	1975	d
	Trinidad and Tobago	5.1	1975	d
	United States of America	2478.0	1985	d
SOUTH AMERICA
	Argentina	994.0	1976	d
	Bolivia	300.0	1987	b
	Brazil	6950.0	1987	b
	Chile	468.0	1975	d
	Colombia	1070.0	1987	b
	Ecuador	314.0	1987	b
	Guyana	241.0	1971	d
	Paraguay	314.0	1987	b
	Peru	40.0	1987	b
	Suriname	200.0	1987	b
	Uruguay	124.0	1965	d
	Venezuela	1317.0	1970	d
ASIA
	Afghanistan	65.0	1997	j
	Bahrain	0.1	1997	j
	Bangladesh	2357.0	1987	b
	Bhutan	95.0	1987	b
	Cambodia	498.1	1987	b
	China	2800.0	1980	d
	Cyprus	0.9	1997	d,j
	India	2085.0	1975	d
	Indonesia	2530.0	1987	b
	Iran	137.5	1997	j
	Iraq	96.4	1997	j
	Israel	2.2	1986	d
	Japan	547.0	1980	d
	Jordan	0.9	1997	j
	Korea DPR	67.0	1987	b
	Korea Rep	66.0	1992	h
	Kuwait	0.0	1997	j
	Laos	270.0	1987	b
	Lebanon	4.8	1997	j
	Malaysia	456.0	1975	d
	Mongolia	24.6	1987	b
	Myanmar	1082.0	1987	b
	Nepal	170.0	1987	b
	Oman	1.0	1997	j
	Pakistan	429.4	1997	j
	Philippines	323.0	1975	d
	Qatar	0.1	1997	j
	Saudi Arabia	2.4	1997	j
	Singapore	0.6	1975	d
	Sri Lanka	43.2	1970	d
	Syria	46.1	1997	j
	Thailand	179.0	1987	b
	Turkey	200.7	1997	j
	United Arab Emirates	0.2	1997	j
	Vietnam	376.0	1987	b
	Yemen	4.1	1997	j
EUROPE
	Albania	21.3	1970	d
	Austria	90.3	1980	d
	Belgium	12.5	1980	e
	Bulgaria	205.0	1980	d
	Czech Republic	58.2	1990	h
	Denmark	13.0	1977	e
	Finland	113.0	1980	d
	France	198.0	1990	i
	Germany	171.0	1991	i
	Greece	58.7	1980	e
	Hungary	120.0	1991	i
	Iceland	170.0	1987	d
	Ireland	50.0	1972	e
	Italy	167.0	1990	h
	Luxembourg	5.0	1976	e
	Malta	0.0	1997	j
	Netherlands	90.0	1980	e
	Norway	392.0	1991	i
	Poland	56.2	1980	e
	Portugal	69.6	1990	h
	Romania	208.0	1980	d
	Slovakia	30.8	1990	h
	Spain	111.3	1985	e
	Sweden	180.0	1980	d
	Switzerland	50.0	1985	d
	United Kingdom	120.0	1980	e
	Yugoslavia	265.0	1980	d
	Russia	4498.0	1997	g,k
	Armenia	10.5	1997	k
	Azerbaidzhan	30.3	1997	k
	Belarus	58.0	1997	k
	Estonia	12.8	1997	k
	Georgia	63.3	1997	k
	Kazakhstan	109.6	1997	k
	Kyrgyzstan	20.6	1997	k
	Latvia	35.4	1997	k
	Lithuania	24.9	1997	k
	Moldavia	11.7	1997	k
	Tadjikistan	16.0	1997	k
	Turkmenistan	24.7	1997	k
	Ukraine	139.5	1997	k
	Uzbekistan	50.4	1997	k
OCEANIA
	Australia	343.0	1975	d
	Fiji	28.6	1987	b
	New Zealand	327.0	1991	h
	Papua New Guinea	801.0	1987	b
	Solomon Islands	44.7	1987	b

Notes: Compiled by P.H. Gleick, Pacific Institute.

a Total natural renewable surface and groundwater. Typically includes flows from other countries. (FA "Natural total renewable water resources.")

b Estimates from Belyaev, Institute of Geography, USSR (1987).

c Estimates from FAO (1995) "Water Resources of African Countries." Rome.

d Estimates from WRI (1994). See this source for original data source

e Estimates from Margat (1989), Water International 14 as cited in Gleick 1993, Table A11.

f Estimates from Shahin (1989), Water International 14 as cited in Gleick 1993, Table A17.

g Estimates from Goscomstat, USSR, 1989 as cited in Gleick 1993, Table A16.

h World Resources Institute 1996 "World Resources" Oxford Univ. Press.

i New ECE Environmental Statistical Database. j Estimates from FAO (1997) "Water Resources of the Near East Region: A Review." Rome.

Estimates from FAO (1997) "Irrigation in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union in Figures." Rome.

	Source: P.H. Gleick, 1998, "The World's Water 1998-1999" (Island Press, Washington, DC).
		Annual Renewable Water Resources (km^3/yr)	Year of Estimate	Source of Estimate
Region and Country
AFRICA
	Algeria	14.3	1997	c,j
	Angola	184.0	1987	b
	Benin	25.8	1994	c
	Botswana	14.7	1992	c
	Burkina Faso	17.5	1992	c
	Burundi	3.6	1987	b
	Cameroon	268.0	1987	b
	Cape Verde	0.3	1990	c
	Central African Republic	141.0	1987	b
	Chad	43.0	1987	b
	Comoros	1.0	1987	b
	Congo	832.0	1987	b
	Congo, Democratic Republic (formerly Zaire)	1,019.0	1990	c
	Cote D'Ivoire	77.7	1987	b
	Djibouti	0.3	1997	j
	Egypt	86.8	1997	j
	Equatorial Guinea	30.0	1987	b
	Eritrea	8.8	1990	c
	Ethiopia	110.0	1987	b
	Gabon	164.0	1987	b
	Gambia	8.0	1982	c
	Ghana	53.0	1970	c
	Guinea	226.0	1987	b
	Guinea-Bissau	27.0	1991	c
	Kenya	30.2	1990	c
	Lesotho	5.2	1987	b
	Liberia	232.0	1987	b
	Libya	0.6	1997	c,j
	Madagascar	337.0	1984	c
	Malawi	18.7	1994	c
	Mali	67.0	1987	b
	Mauritania	11.4	1997	c,j
	Mauritius	2.2	1974	c
	Morocco	30.0	1997	c,j
	Mozambique	216.0	1992	c
	Namibia	45.5	1991	c
	Niger	32.5	1988	c
	Nigeria	280.0	1987	b
	Rwanda	6.3	1993	c
	Senegal	39.4	1987	b
	Sierra Leone	160.0	1987	b
	Somalia	15.7	1997	j
	South Africa	50.0	1990	c
	Sudan	154.0	1997	c,j
	Swaziland	4.5	1987	b
	Tanzania	89.0	1994	c
	Togo	11.5	1987	b
	Tunisia	4.1	1997	j
	Uganda	66.0	1970	c
	Zambia	116.0	1994	c
	Zimbabwe	20.0	1987	b
NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
	Barbados	<1	1962	d
	Belize	16.0	1987	b
	Canada	2901.0	1980	d
	Costa Rica	95.0	1970	d
	Cuba	34.5	1975	d
	Dominican Republic	20.0	1987	b
	El Salvador	19.0	1975	d
	Guatemala	116.0	1970	d
	Haiti	11.0	1987	b
	Honduras	83.4	1992	h
	Jamaica	8.3	1975	d
	Mexico	357.4	1975	d
	Nicaragua	175.0	1975	d
	Panama	144.0	1975	d
	Trinidad and Tobago	5.1	1975	d
	United States of America	2478.0	1985	d
SOUTH AMERICA
	Argentina	994.0	1976	d
	Bolivia	300.0	1987	b
	Brazil	6950.0	1987	b
	Chile	468.0	1975	d
	Colombia	1070.0	1987	b
	Ecuador	314.0	1987	b
	Guyana	241.0	1971	d
	Paraguay	314.0	1987	b
	Peru	40.0	1987	b
	Suriname	200.0	1987	b
	Uruguay	124.0	1965	d
	Venezuela	1317.0	1970	d
ASIA
	Afghanistan	65.0	1997	j
	Bahrain	0.1	1997	j
	Bangladesh	2357.0	1987	b
	Bhutan	95.0	1987	b
	Cambodia	498.1	1987	b
	China	2800.0	1980	d
	Cyprus	0.9	1997	d,j
	India	2085.0	1975	d
	Indonesia	2530.0	1987	b
	Iran	137.5	1997	j
	Iraq	96.4	1997	j
	Israel	2.2	1986	d
	Japan	547.0	1980	d
	Jordan	0.9	1997	j
	Korea DPR	67.0	1987	b
	Korea Rep	66.0	1992	h
	Kuwait	0.0	1997	j
	Laos	270.0	1987	b
	Lebanon	4.8	1997	j
	Malaysia	456.0	1975	d
	Mongolia	24.6	1987	b
	Myanmar	1082.0	1987	b
	Nepal	170.0	1987	b
	Oman	1.0	1997	j
	Pakistan	429.4	1997	j
	Philippines	323.0	1975	d
	Qatar	0.1	1997	j
	Saudi Arabia	2.4	1997	j
	Singapore	0.6	1975	d
	Sri Lanka	43.2	1970	d
	Syria	46.1	1997	j
	Thailand	179.0	1987	b
	Turkey	200.7	1997	j
	United Arab Emirates	0.2	1997	j
	Vietnam	376.0	1987	b
	Yemen	4.1	1997	j
EUROPE
	Albania	21.3	1970	d
	Austria	90.3	1980	d
	Belgium	12.5	1980	e
	Bulgaria	205.0	1980	d
	Czech Republic	58.2	1990	h
	Denmark	13.0	1977	e
	Finland	113.0	1980	d
	France	198.0	1990	i
	Germany	171.0	1991	i
	Greece	58.7	1980	e
	Hungary	120.0	1991	i
	Iceland	170.0	1987	d
	Ireland	50.0	1972	e
	Italy	167.0	1990	h
	Luxembourg	5.0	1976	e
	Malta	0.0	1997	j
	Netherlands	90.0	1980	e
	Norway	392.0	1991	i
	Poland	56.2	1980	e
	Portugal	69.6	1990	h
	Romania	208.0	1980	d
	Slovakia	30.8	1990	h
	Spain	111.3	1985	e
	Sweden	180.0	1980	d
	Switzerland	50.0	1985	d
	United Kingdom	120.0	1980	e
	Yugoslavia	265.0	1980	d
	Russia	4498.0	1997	g,k
	Armenia	10.5	1997	k
	Azerbaidzhan	30.3	1997	k
	Belarus	58.0	1997	k
	Estonia	12.8	1997	k
	Georgia	63.3	1997	k
	Kazakhstan	109.6	1997	k
	Kyrgyzstan	20.6	1997	k
	Latvia	35.4	1997	k
	Lithuania	24.9	1997	k
	Moldavia	11.7	1997	k
	Tadjikistan	16.0	1997	k
	Turkmenistan	24.7	1997	k
	Ukraine	139.5	1997	k
	Uzbekistan	50.4	1997	k
OCEANIA
	Australia	343.0	1975	d
	Fiji	28.6	1987	b
	New Zealand	327.0	1991	h
	Papua New Guinea	801.0	1987	b
	Solomon Islands	44.7	1987	b