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遗传算法(GA)是最早由美国Holland教授提出的一种基于自然界的“适者生存,优胜劣汰”基本法则的智能搜索算法。该法则很好地诠释了生物进化的自然选择过程。遗传算法也是借鉴该基本法则,通过基于种群的思想,将问题的解通过编码的方式转化为种群中的个体,并让这些个体不断地通过选择、交叉和变异算子模拟生物的进化过程,然后利用“优胜劣汰”法则选择种群中适应性较强的个体构成子种群,然后让子种群重复类似的进化过程,直到找到问题的最优解或者到达一定的进化(运算)时间。 ( B. ]! c' p; m, t7 I1 k / E/ O; y( g. L& e6 `Ga算法中的几个重要名词概念。( r9 @& b/ g% m0 c
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个体(染色体):自然界中一个个体(染色体)代表一个生物,在GA算法中,个体(染色体)代表了具体问题的一个解。( ~7 m9 u( }) u, |4 o
! @' p% i# l4 K+ j$ V4、Python代码 ; {% o/ @! D) }* H#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- B; Y0 B3 I1 W( z$ }& F4 N$ Y) K" t; \# R* r# D; z0 j9 n
import random / J% L+ R' ~: t8 e$ R8 \) Nimport math9 Q; K ~6 I! [
from operator import itemgetter E, q9 F4 v9 I: H# n Q% u- p; r- j' A4 M
class Gene: # c7 M1 k: f3 I1 `. J ''' 9 _; d" W: O5 m! i7 Y; I7 e- T This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom 0 Q$ j, E) B. C3 P- j6 D) P each object of this class have two attribute: data, size% g: [. i# W$ y; j
'''3 A9 E3 h& |: m. y5 u U5 ~
def __init__(self,**data):9 J S- q: M$ O) q- s. _/ \
self.__dict__.update(data) 1 H' C- T- ~. f" I" E H% u0 U
self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene: ?2 ]! ~& V8 B! G2 u9 p
5 K/ P$ ~- u5 n% R" e( j # s2 R# N) n0 w, }9 L ]1 c2 ?class GA: 5 ~$ m5 Y1 V/ e7 ^' f) ^; v ''' * U6 P+ O* l v' r: c; _& ` This is a class of GA algorithm. & L5 A2 l4 {' l+ l; Q# f
''' ! j# T6 x9 x" S, U) } def __init__(self,parameter): ; j a; K7 T2 o' M* ` ''' 5 L! B) S% G6 K6 l4 P5 r q g Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value .1 T& A1 U- y( A/ g8 a
The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that:: [. Q8 S/ S* Y, M- ]( {. Q9 P
g2 f d, Y- k, n- h3 [5 C {'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)} / `5 U- i* i6 z: S5 J4 U% g Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2]" u& A$ Y" U2 L) h; V8 P; P& S6 k
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''' " b: U, U0 }& p) M, y l #parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]6 ~' t; G: z9 e5 o
self.parameter = parameter & f% b y0 j8 Y( {$ y% a0 A5 G5 f7 F/ D1 T' d! ?3 n$ r
low = self.parameter[4] ' P# b, H! n8 Y1 h up = self.parameter[5]0 G. Y. h. x: Q
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self.bound = [] 9 X/ l" H. Q8 J7 |6 c) w self.bound.append(low) ; S! C$ U3 m; P; r. M2 W" S3 ~ self.bound.append(up) 1 @6 r$ b) `8 o3 l9 V- j& A! P, R " R) O5 ]% [. M" T' ]7 i4 [5 X pop = []2 q1 b! R6 u# L/ N" a
for i in range(self.parameter[3]): 5 q1 Q& g$ Y: `! @ geneinfo = [] - i5 u: p) c8 D5 K; N3 @ Y for pos in range(len(low)): - C6 Z4 u5 X: P: }6 I: x geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation 9 I1 r: z/ Y) _$ o1 a( t7 a* e! j/ o" F* k" u2 x
fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome " i4 n! D% x2 I* s% q pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness : I9 b* L* c. T2 B. z3 n 2 `( |, H1 N1 y/ Z1 x- J7 y) C self.pop = pop+ A' i: L$ Q& t3 v8 K9 E$ Q- X* D
self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population " n- S* G3 q3 D$ u% [1 E# ]$ A- p, c: [
def selectBest(self, pop):& e' m% `, W8 U. H* G
''' - i& l; u, l& @7 M; t, T, I/ O select the best individual from pop / f8 q+ d# Q! _( k% f* Y+ D '''1 u \5 z) c( k# E+ s' A
s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False) ; C7 O/ t' k2 j! d8 s$ s return s_inds[0] $ r! d: X& j- T1 Z: m" G $ b+ Z1 N3 m. v. C$ e5 t* @5 P C def selection(self, individuals, k):# L# y% D$ |& e8 J
''' / B5 i3 `* x( T+ o select two individuals from pop + C* q- S+ a1 H$ e '''9 U" x- d s2 x# D; V
s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness ; B& C5 P( a% z4 p0 _ sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop , t2 `5 o+ m- w @( ~2 L0 x% c! l4 O/ M" Z2 T$ m
chosen = [] % c; v% R: F+ I0 A3 n for i in xrange(k):! p* r( z% E+ |% @" J- B
u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits] $ ~2 B$ J" I& k" e# q: _- b sum_ = 0 + n1 Q+ {2 @0 C) L3 Y- h' ? for ind in s_inds: 8 M- I$ `6 N/ f8 Z/ c" O sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness 9 A- R4 r& c) I6 O( @* ] if sum_ > u:& @+ e$ x" R3 L$ e2 Y9 Q
#when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop- {" t2 R. b1 M6 r
chosen.append(ind)2 e% K: P8 B/ t, h5 v
break 2 g+ L7 j7 i" I; k; ` 6 B, H. u$ f# P return chosen 2 T1 C) {1 q2 l, K" F! S& t) ], |" m8 k& |. P
* d: p2 b: Z$ l% d% i6 ? def crossoperate(self, offspring): & l' ]% X& z9 j/ ]- n5 m '''2 I( u% r) ~5 G7 P
cross operation ! }. D* ^' y& z' j, l( h ''') [$ z7 J& @5 f- ?$ T
dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data) 8 v( m% K) `2 r$ v6 f7 P- q4 U. i$ g- n2 z
geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop0 b' Q$ X* n6 `' L ?+ Z
geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop( F9 J3 a# q v. d5 E( N& _
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pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, / {2 ?2 t) C2 R$ T0 Z; _ pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim)) @1 q8 E# E6 U: [3 H% t6 k0 s
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newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation ) P8 U7 d+ l( ~; h0 M- E temp = []) g5 s+ z. x# V5 _: e2 U5 A9 [6 {5 `
for i in range(dim):) K( {# Y4 ]* @& v
if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)): 6 P( y/ b0 y3 B4 W) J) Q5 \ temp.append(geninfo2) $ P" v5 d% V7 Q3 y2 H$ p! b #the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)] ! x0 A9 A/ f$ a R3 t2 S1 R else: , t5 X9 }: j' F' R6 I- T8 I% w6 X: C temp.append(geninfo1)/ R& R1 a4 D, g
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]0 r6 h- K- H7 [+ M9 L0 z3 |4 k
newoff.data = temp7 }, g& f/ K4 `$ a' X. U+ o% D* Z
3 b* F" D @# x7 K+ N9 Z return newoff# y: ?/ [5 l6 f4 A7 |* `
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def mutation(self, crossoff, bound): 2 z2 P& ^& D' K. m/ f! i ''' * l( S5 L) A6 m7 G+ G* @ mutation operation 1 S: l& N1 |9 A$ N) R ''' 1 z9 A9 u8 t$ S 9 ]5 @0 X j2 J dim = len(crossoff.data)% s. D0 u* _* r9 Z; N1 H- E
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pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation. E% V+ h- Z: q + }# ?& v }& M" z crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) e( ~ h' i! N+ X5 S+ _$ ~
return crossoff2 L5 H8 L$ X; T3 A4 j
" ~# z$ K) X% f% |: V def GA_main(self): 5 f: ]; k1 i8 p) z: o: D ''' ( u6 k1 G3 D* h7 c main frame work of GA8 Q+ V) `) P! X* T9 E
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popsize = self.parameter[3]( Q6 E2 b. A8 r
& \' u( a- @ o y' r( j) w7 L print("Start of evolution")8 ?' a9 X( p; t" l$ Z" V
( T# d3 k; C6 M' ~7 D5 U # Begin the evolution 9 g- Z* u ^/ Z3 K, f5 Z1 w for g in range(NGEN):! u$ \3 C* T& ?9 R/ i2 Q
* ]) ^% j+ s6 R) H5 A3 _6 J# A print("-- Generation %i --" % g) 6 r0 b, j" F' c - z. l4 v) I r #Apply selection based on their converted fitness 7 a3 r6 k5 }! K4 m6 o8 j selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) 9 t6 a2 }$ l1 J8 f % \/ W: l1 ] ?) ?. V1 l nextoff = [] " y4 J6 S. w. J. J while len(nextoff) != popsize: # M. q" D+ T2 u, ]1 `. | # Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring 9 [3 a7 [; W0 B# F' r3 k% E
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# Select two individuals / u6 r# Y* s; }. ^* r offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)] * k- ]8 R' t3 l/ n4 ?4 U2 Q$ P 8 o3 d. }- U- I3 d if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB 8 z1 _! [& G% t0 N crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring)9 v3 N1 L4 I6 m* z( r. C% F+ V
fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals g. E. R1 J2 o. P& y# \0 i6 I
) h5 l' i& {0 X( \1 j1 X+ [1 G5 S if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB " v4 \7 l' t! V7 J F muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound) m7 L7 F" z$ d4 m- C+ q/ p, A3 e0 Y fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals + Y6 z2 u4 Y0 m7 w* I nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff})) [* K$ H/ H( {+ A3 O/ c
9 q# f: R# S# s7 B # The population is entirely replaced by the offspring1 G# T1 ~+ I3 E9 m/ X
self.pop = nextoff2 Q8 _. U8 h+ ~" F
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# Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats , Y$ x/ g1 ]) y fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop]- A# v P1 B& B, R; T j
4 B- ?+ H3 R( T8 y length = len(self.pop) / u/ n, M8 N J+ x, t+ n+ e" H mean = sum(fits) / length 3 t6 Q& I" I& X- Y sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits) , i" s! `7 A7 n+ Z+ X, }5 U std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.5! T5 A! H+ p& F
best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop) 2 k. m3 G2 `$ O2 E 1 \- ~5 i/ ` u if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']:1 I$ t, |5 c! i( z3 {+ u9 E" q/ G
self.bestindividual = best_ind5 }6 e% I# E, A; ~6 a
8 r1 A' c. q! D1 w8 h print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness'])) 0 B, j" F# K( J9 ]! X# K) q! ^ print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits)) B: _, w8 z( L& F print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits)) 6 m" U& k7 |4 x) I5 ~. ^7 D print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean)* x# I# \! I3 f" `4 V
print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std) ( |" F' o$ t. A # W( A+ H7 a8 A6 u print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") 2 S% I9 E/ r* Q- R7 v / V! I7 o k& K2 F! [if __name__ == "__main__": ) K- k4 R5 V/ d- X$ [3 J1 n; x8 B) |
CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters + _' t2 I$ l$ l' M; p' T( d; J 8 n$ M+ F# l! Z3 c1 Z: x up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables& s" z( Q! p# C: z; b0 {
low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables , @- B& D3 i; g9 P; J parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] % y( ]) g& J$ w3 s. y4 Q; `6 f- }6 B3 k
run = GA(parameter) 3 J& P3 U# d* {" R! _ run.GA_main(). j1 { o" Y+ |$ u
———————————————— # ]& }6 n6 ?0 X$ w' k版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 1 r9 }5 m8 U M' Z原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/727826756 f- c5 u, A U: A5 w6 S
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& [2 h+ N% [& ]/ K" f* \& N 作者: 1034228464 时间: 2021-10-12 18:46
python实现遗传算法易懂5 v* G1 e3 Q( Z 作者: lifekokool 时间: 2022-1-17 16:05
可能我有点笨吧,看了之后还是不知道该怎么应用某个问题+ R7 C3 C! m) Y2 L 作者: 738391227 时间: 2022-2-19 16:36
0000000000000000000000000. g9 v1 R9 i& Y. z/ a1 Y4 D0 | 作者: 852952290 时间: 2022-8-10 20:25
111111111111111111: |, Y# w3 i+ D( E5 U 作者: 2275929388 时间: 2022-10-9 14:14
遗传退货怎么都看不懂 * E }- E1 D0 h* m8 v作者: wwyx。 时间: 2022-10-9 18:28
赞赞赞赞 + `/ C" _6 I% e8 k, U0 P8 u作者: 2275929388 时间: 2022-10-10 09:08
566666666666666666666 " D) Z, V4 i" g6 Z; O9 Y作者: 2580684929 时间: 2022-10-12 23:19
牛蛙,最近在看这个' O; E" Q& R* B( j