; H* ?2 J1 q' G 4 U+ @ e/ p2 ^! M: ?4 t4、Python代码 K% B) R0 D* O7 J& Z3 A! T#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-" o/ a0 _; u6 E9 h) o
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import random " ^2 h" L% ?# @import math ' w% C T2 w; b \from operator import itemgetter$ ]: u( e$ U1 Q+ h: z+ s
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class Gene: A, Y$ v2 j+ W/ g
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This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom , ` \# ?8 C. G1 b, ] each object of this class have two attribute: data, size ) w/ n( `7 {/ ?# C '''8 V J5 ]# ?' m7 t) p
def __init__(self,**data):4 r9 q' t# T! j& B: V, L* f; c
self.__dict__.update(data) ! |. z+ N9 _! }* l0 i
self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene2 o" g7 b t: l5 m1 A
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class GA: 8 S* y! @9 @2 u$ D$ C ''' & I- h. _. Z- p# U' ` This is a class of GA algorithm. , t" H+ k( a# I. Z6 ^
'''# h1 R) @0 s, n7 B% V" T
def __init__(self,parameter): # t& T0 ^, y% o* A ''' B3 i# ~% ]3 Q& n+ r
Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value .. F0 }# W5 A. q
The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that:5 T' U' m! t! v, `
- R7 D3 _! k4 {7 Y# |4 k6 G {'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)}2 a0 Q" @% U. f6 w5 v9 {
Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] C7 |5 G: |1 Q9 X3 D$ q: g' x& F. q( _2 O y1 I+ a* a
''' $ f1 q0 i6 |- f- X3 { #parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]; P: v; S' J! M4 S1 v% ]5 k4 r
self.parameter = parameter }% B1 n- @, W8 r% y
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low = self.parameter[4]9 `7 m* ~* L# f+ D( [' Q" b2 M1 O
up = self.parameter[5]- h/ V& N( @% {- K6 G% a. M% Z' R
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self.bound = []- B o4 D- y/ R. |) {
self.bound.append(low)( ]$ v) q- P/ N% C* i+ s1 @
self.bound.append(up)# `1 w: D) T- y: n
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pop = []: g6 ~4 J! l2 o. N
for i in range(self.parameter[3]): / N$ m& ?" ]! K: d& ? geneinfo = [] " Y. H( a/ B) H0 X: `$ R, M S8 r) m for pos in range(len(low)):3 {; c2 m8 [. f$ u2 [: R. z( Y
geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation * _* r; ~2 T; i$ [7 a) K, ]3 s _, M% N) V
fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome ) k- W2 q& J/ s6 f pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness+ K! K1 \. u J$ Z, A; ~+ ^
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self.pop = pop' E/ a* s+ f% g
self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population 1 ^* O* c: j3 Z3 l& t& S : A, }' M, _2 J def selectBest(self, pop): % `3 n% ?- |1 l+ q e ''' " E/ g* E7 P$ o/ V: K3 d* Y- A select the best individual from pop& R. i. i+ y+ H. G
'''2 D% l+ ]7 L! h3 [
s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False)% K* t% Z' v% M/ ]8 ]
return s_inds[0]( Y( |0 ~' D( C f8 F
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def selection(self, individuals, k):3 T7 \9 }* h0 }" T2 o0 q
'''5 ~9 f: @) T- H6 L" S
select two individuals from pop ; j% a' _/ N' r0 o ''' 3 O$ Q1 H$ K- K% ]) @% @, U s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness + H5 U) g* G; U
sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop |* v. I+ _) R& d6 J$ V; q. r
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chosen = []2 W0 D! Z3 [3 P9 h% N
for i in xrange(k):5 w ]* x/ t, t& y5 b
u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits]/ N1 m( H; I! N: M) F( L/ y, i: a
sum_ = 0% p: c( u) x+ |1 i x8 U7 t1 l
for ind in s_inds:( C1 \- r+ O7 a; t
sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness8 i( U& @ r* X9 |" _ F; b
if sum_ > u:$ G( ~3 J! M( n( j2 t( Y/ l% {
#when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop: v5 |' I( d" } x( f
chosen.append(ind) 2 B$ g$ R# y N5 U3 ^- R break 4 b; J" M9 P, a5 m* y* F y+ F, e! q
return chosen D2 s9 ~- X4 [0 S1 P" L5 U6 t& s6 s2 t% b
) f) D! p7 j+ h def crossoperate(self, offspring):* ]: `8 A" p3 q# E b$ q
''' ! E8 _8 J+ p6 Y+ l! F# _! b* X cross operation b6 P2 g3 t L' T' g$ o' y
''' 3 H7 `+ Y; v# R7 [ dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data) , i7 `) |' u% b2 H$ m' C, w' j5 \0 X. P! A% i8 W W& s1 x
geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop5 E; T: Z5 E& y$ y+ v# e% Y( `2 r
geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop( ^* R, E1 u m3 c
+ L! a; I: W: A& b2 w6 l P- f( f5 Z pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, E) A6 V7 M* c% q8 j
pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim)- `: x( i( C2 y. C! p
5 w' O2 l% [+ c9 z newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation# R" ^" l2 x% a2 `, w' z7 G3 C2 d; P
temp = []. s# [3 h3 \7 M7 Z7 `
for i in range(dim):$ ^( Q) H+ r, o4 q, ]& M
if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)):8 J4 f' i, g* @6 N
temp.append(geninfo2)% X$ R, N7 }! |; c9 j" U$ L& [4 f& O3 Y
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]9 [ U; e* _$ `" @5 K1 h6 g
else:9 R5 k9 z( ^: W+ I7 m
temp.append(geninfo1)0 ]5 t, ^, P$ _0 g, Q- W6 G @
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]/ v, L3 m# u& z7 m/ ]! W0 }! i
newoff.data = temp & t: z8 m8 J4 b6 V& J t) [4 ?& C/ V1 v/ p" z% C
return newoff 5 ]3 [8 m3 h# J4 L+ ]4 ^ p4 o4 E" ]# Q3 K8 p' ^! K6 H
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def mutation(self, crossoff, bound):( W2 ^" i; g* n- F5 ?
''' , O" m9 {8 h; O. R$ j mutation operation4 S) ~3 F. f9 U# m8 s
'''8 d. y! ]/ z; g$ j/ |, C
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dim = len(crossoff.data) ' T. P; P) ]5 C * M7 H/ t, D( [ e% |- E" z: A' ~8 X pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation. 0 _' s5 u& O# q$ L! p 5 [. G: o9 N! i Z0 | crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) % O; ?( I# `6 ]! S return crossoff7 }8 N+ o/ ?$ s- Q5 [. v6 e) \
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def GA_main(self):# W: I7 P! L7 p4 O4 z. O g- M
''' % h5 T- j6 U+ h8 T) i7 G; U( _7 n main frame work of GA . a) h) C5 s3 |; _9 f# [8 r% F/ E '''/ S8 S( N+ j4 I: e5 L% T$ X
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popsize = self.parameter[3]5 x- D) Q& S% X7 N4 I! N9 j5 F# `
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print("Start of evolution")- ]0 Z5 L4 h( k) H- G: x c' K2 |+ ~
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# Begin the evolution + @& L7 _/ z/ i/ B: a/ O for g in range(NGEN):/ T2 V+ K& h( {) M5 y8 i
$ Y. u9 h' N4 v% q" X, m #Apply selection based on their converted fitness; R5 z* n' G# p
selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) 2 H2 r8 s1 V9 t2 W* }" q* ?/ d+ Q6 X" U
nextoff = [] 6 S: N- t9 U/ E* T! y8 e0 L
while len(nextoff) != popsize: - n8 `8 q* G! U0 I/ H # Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring ) ^6 t$ M' h2 Q9 c i
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# Select two individuals! k$ H3 H; P, T" \: D
offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)]6 I6 D; ?# H- T
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if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB " d& q& a; V4 \. y, e0 Z. Y crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring)) {! K% E7 o5 i/ b! E
fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals / M7 ]0 h& b v; A6 @$ h# N% m; @ j8 v& Y: O" x( u
if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB: A* M3 a, I* v2 Y6 v. B
muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound)0 L% o* R# d$ U& a: W
fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals # m* I( {& b3 w( H nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff}) ) h( ]5 ^5 X, s& ]6 ?" e5 o/ [ , c1 [: h0 V+ C; F2 N # The population is entirely replaced by the offspring4 Y! f) @9 e3 S5 X# C
self.pop = nextoff# _" E5 S$ }9 [6 L4 u
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# Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats# A: k" B! F2 I7 U
fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop]" \+ r7 F' h9 ^4 X
* ^# w. ^4 Y$ a1 Y length = len(self.pop)# d( H0 d1 e9 x5 W: j. \
mean = sum(fits) / length ( z5 f1 @" h" Q/ H7 ?0 v1 w sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits)2 k% K5 A7 ]2 ? B
std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.5 ! U) A- Y R0 o; S8 o best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop)& l, m e# }3 N- d! G
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if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']:! v& H; @0 G9 O( K
self.bestindividual = best_ind% g, W, D+ t! I$ N
6 U/ s2 h4 ?: ?) w4 Z' r8 f print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness'])) 6 j' @0 N9 c6 ` print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits)). P8 a) a8 J5 `( T# ~; n
print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits)) a% u( k9 N+ a2 E print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean) . W& M d# D4 t print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std); K$ f5 F+ E7 @3 V$ W
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print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") 4 T+ T: h( ]& w+ F, l# G 0 e. Q) M) l% N1 Jif __name__ == "__main__": 6 M. M: W' p( Z4 d5 I1 \3 A 5 T) X1 V/ M4 R' [ CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters3 `4 L. D: B) V. p
6 K: l! h, K& k# _$ Q E0 W up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables% _1 S5 s5 i- g* G) n2 K( A5 U* o
low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables 7 ~5 z, W$ ^5 |, M. }7 K parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]# j+ ~6 @. v! Q. n) P
- d2 D) N- \1 ^6 L8 ]; ]! ?% D, p& Z0 U run = GA(parameter)) R! P% ^) m8 X9 G6 V4 F
run.GA_main()& h/ v3 ~( e1 t
———————————————— 7 h9 v6 @1 F( J( V0 W& ~! p' a; W版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 & c/ X1 t. b% W9 q: X原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675! x4 d$ Q8 x& M2 g2 d' T9 m
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