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标题: 函数大全(g开头) [打印本页]

作者: 韩冰 时间: 2004-10-4 03:00
标题: 函数大全(g开头)
<

align=center>函数大全(g开头)


<

>函数名: gcvt 
功能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ 
<

>/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>return(0);
}



<

>函数名: geninterrupt 
功能: 产生一个软中断
用法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例: 
<

>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
<

>/* function prototype */
void writechar(char ch); 
<

>int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar('*');
getch();
return 0;
} 
<

>/*
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/ 
<

>void writechar(char ch)
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}


<

>函数名: getarccoords 
功能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80]; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* draw arc and get coordinates */
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo); 
<

>/* convert arc information into strings */
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); 
<

>/* output the arc information */
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr); 
<

>/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



<

>函数名: getaspectratio 
功能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw wide circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getbkcolor 
功能: 返回当前背景颜色
用法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current background color */
bkcolor = getbkcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getc 
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
ch);
return 0;
}



函数名: getcbrk 
功能: 获取Control_break设置
用法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: getch 
功能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用法: int getch(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getchar 
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int c; 
/* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */ 
while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
printf("%c", c); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getche 
功能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用法: int getche(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getcolor 
功能: 返回当前画线颜色
用法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current drawing color */
color = getcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: getcurdir 
功能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录
用法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);
程序例: 
#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
char *current_directory(char *path)
{
strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */
path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */
getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */
return(path);
} 
int main(void)
{
char curdir[MAXPATH]; 
current_directory(curdir);
printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getcwd 
功能: 取当前工作目录
用法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[MAXPATH]; 
getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} 


函数名: getdate 
功能: 取DOS日期
用法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date d; 
getdate(&d);
printf("The current year is: %d\n",
d.da_year);
printf("The current day is: %d\n",
d.da_day);
printf("The current month is: %d\n",
d.da_mon);
return 0;
}


函数名: getdefaultpalette 
功能: 返回调色板定义结构
用法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i; 
/* structure for returning palette copy */
struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* return a pointer to the default palette */
pal = getdefaultpalette(); 
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i,
pal->colors);
6 `; ?0 R& A3 b6 S! r3 Zgetch(); 2 v( W4 |& u2 N
} 
! w ~, e* \7 `1 }5 F& H/* clean up */
+ L( o8 t* n# V2 |getch();
) n9 c8 T2 B: Xclosegraph(); * u; n& D) E0 q5 t9 h" T! \2 N1 a
return 0;
) ^) T f* j/ n5 D}
0 m' A1 E9 N! E, X# Q# H) y8 N' I

" C- J+ l7 t- F+ _! R0 f函数名: getdisk 
& e* k" X3 Y( `( a0 t: F' b+ p3 q功能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号 : j8 z6 e; i' ~
用法: int getdisk(void);
2 A1 o9 o* {1 C程序例: # P" X8 p4 A) Q$ ^- m q2 D
#include <STDIO.H>% f* v$ r2 b2 U- m0 k
#include <DIR.H>
 ~$ Q; ^- P" i5 Dint main(void) ; ^8 `8 u5 F3 |( M! p
{ 0 v% E" W. X+ E9 N$ I" f
int disk; 
. i7 {! T& }1 c( hdisk = getdisk() + 'A';
0 ?% Q0 c* F* [- @* ~printf("The current drive is: %c\n",
7 M# C" p z: J j/ @4 M; c vdisk); 2 a2 c! \. M" z' ^0 A* ]2 h
return 0;
% f# g7 x9 [9 F} & c7 p5 ]4 |& F# X

) R4 H# `# H8 k! F- | g$ @8 N( v* K6 I

1 i& y, U6 Y5 {+ Z函数名: getdrivername & j- r% D1 f! L' G) ~, q
功能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针 & h% e: D5 n6 W. ~' ~ ]
用法: char *getdrivename(void);
& I, h5 c+ u& _- t8 m) W8 _程序例: 5 v% k9 D6 `( j) w
#include <GRAPHICS.H>, A i2 `8 A" I1 o4 ~
#include <STDLIB.H>+ r7 `% S6 P( B0 u
#include <STDIO.H>: A: f( a7 X1 z, Q9 Y
#include <CONIO.H>
- ~, a& H% k) N, g) z7 H% f& tint main(void)
( Y5 l" P, h$ \, v. k{ : ~" H! p4 a# m( D
/* request auto detection */ 8 L6 z5 L) R h1 g; V# e
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
3 L6 ]; W- G# V, W9 w- E- q/* stores the device driver name */ ) [$ f4 Q" ^' ^4 c/ g6 f- b9 b
char *drivername; 
' G! [9 M1 e' N, `+ k9 |/* initialize graphics and local variables */
- j0 f( @( C. ^, Jinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 Y& H: r) O$ b' [
/* read result of initialization */ , b) G! }" Q5 `
errorcode = graphresult(); 4 G2 p9 X' G; Z3 q9 o4 m. A5 `9 R, h( P
/* an error occurred */ * H# d7 }( a5 u
if (errorcode != grOk) , V) C+ V" \* s0 F9 _$ z" q
{ . U/ s0 b& b- C" S& c F3 i
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", % N: d0 V' O4 P6 @8 d; E4 C* {
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ h5 m x) j5 o( C0 ~& O
printf("Press any key to halt:"); + I" [6 C z; K/ K) f2 A
getch();
% l4 B8 e& _. U' z5 F* u9 \: e/* terminate with an error code */ : T/ c l4 k& S; {3 f! o6 B
exit(1); * {, K6 d& W6 Z5 _
} $ x5 y. [% @! J$ B6 k/ D
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
4 k# R6 M4 n/ C0 h, h/* get name of the device driver in use */ " v8 o* K* T0 x
drivername = getdrivername(); 
' t5 x, F* x$ v0 K4 j/* for centering text on the screen */
7 t; S! J# Y$ M3 i: ^8 |6 m0 S2 C1 ]- wsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
4 ]8 R6 R5 |5 G/* output the name of the driver */
/ j2 t w+ q0 ~2 oouttextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2,
/ H, X, H8 b' }5 z: e1 R# {# xdrivername); 
) V5 Z/ ?$ t4 d6 M. k/* clean up */
9 s5 \4 p$ X4 z2 C, \7 e5 xgetch();
& R! f% y+ O3 U6 B7 X; P& [8 a+ [9 sclosegraph();
1 Z/ A* t+ O' X: S& Q. ?7 Freturn 0;
& H' R0 y6 ^% d5 W, {' w}
, x5 s% h0 U$ @
; @- Z) m8 {5 M$ q6 c
$ s" d" `1 y% f9 q k1 q$ d函数名: getdta 
2 A+ D% g5 X, m5 r6 E功能: 取磁盘传输地址 5 Q! C, h+ ^6 \# g4 I) |+ N: u
用法: char far *getdta(void); 5 g! P) V8 l9 m6 q
程序例: 
: v& _, @" E' R#include <DOS.H>7 |* I5 i, O9 y$ s
#include <STDIO.H>5 L+ M0 l0 ~# a% Y+ l- m
int main(void)
 j' ?8 _& E# G0 [9 X G{ / ]$ t. e$ o; w G% J/ ^% d
char far *dta; 
/ D( K9 c+ d# e& r3 y5 |1 Ldta = getdta();
- U$ v( v/ g/ r Eprintf("The current disk transfer \ & {0 T% ]% l* J' ^
address is: %Fp\n", dta);
4 V! _1 [3 c. ^9 }. greturn 0; # X' J" s% Q8 ~- Y* O. x
}
& j1 I/ i# L$ V* y
1 N$ E3 r' b* Q& T$ m' X6 j/ o
) n) ]7 g5 \: }1 C4 F0 t# f6 V函数名: getenv 
8 ^- R" K- ]- C) j+ `1 t' i1 E, c% o功能: 从环境中取字符串 $ a4 |8 L, J9 ^5 B
用法: char *getenv(char *envvar); 8 ~: `! T4 Z7 N: D
程序例: 
) P' N! {) ?& m0 H* a/ h G#include <STDLIB.H># F8 c7 `. K5 V# U9 B( `5 u
#include <STDIO.H>6 `) u3 f% D O, K
) b. o/ F/ K0 w \2 S
int main(void)
2 M' f* i7 O* `6 v( W{
0 ~- k* H( V0 X$ y1 Mchar *s; 
6 ?7 k) F% o/ V8 |! _- U2 Ns=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */ # c" V4 u- S4 l4 R1 W9 U- R. B
printf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ ( R% O0 K2 @# v1 B( n' v9 c
return 0;
* ?/ R( O" l0 z5 c& L/ p; `2 e} 
( ?% p' t7 m d1 [
( o" Q2 K, |# D( e9 j3 x
- K$ c, }7 D6 ~9 a
函数名: getfat, getfatd ' [% f% L+ ^* g1 p# S
功能: 取文件分配表信息 - n5 h3 L+ ?1 c- \+ P) o
用法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp); 8 Z, r5 z3 Y' P
程序例: 
7 F% T8 G- D, G& i8 p#include <STDIO.H>$ N4 s' F5 F* s- k7 {! X( g
#include <DOS.H>
% K* o/ @! A' x7 b/ V, _# S1 v9 y* M( |int main(void) % m _/ `: [' i" h6 S( o
{
* u$ K$ h9 r0 O/ O) _3 G! m- R3 w2 mstruct fatinfo diskinfo; * ^8 U* K; k+ \- K9 n. E' t6 o3 W
int flag = 0; 
& s; L+ A) O/ k: V9 Sprintf("Please insert disk in drive A\n");
$ T! }( S% a- w5 ngetchar(); 
$ `2 X9 D: [, L" ~getfat(1, &diskinfo);
1 @, E& ], W7 l/ w+ x2 o9 Y/* get drive information */ + Z" A3 g2 m8 K4 O
printf("\nDrive A: is ");
5 }6 I' n7 l/ x6 Gswitch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid) 4 C9 m/ ]: g' Q' T4 z) L. f
{
6 _5 U/ B" q1 j: ~3 O( K- K. _case 0xFD:
0 x4 O% l4 ^) A, ]! Tprintf("360K low density\n"); ' K% @ W" V( [8 e4 I
break; 
: i5 @) O5 ~$ H0 dcase 0xF9: " a5 T) X" Y8 D
printf("1.2 Meg high density\n");
7 Q8 f, B2 s9 d- Fbreak; : P& {6 I+ r! i8 n" l
default:
5 j) { r4 e2 \; d; y# a# eprintf("unformatted\n"); - R) A5 ]0 a* g8 S' q
flag = 1;
! y5 O* L( ?+ [/ F} 
- `0 @8 D9 w2 Q8 d3 ~+ ]if (!flag)
7 A: I# V- t, h1 E% L! b{
2 s* K4 h3 h% c9 C! M. Nprintf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n",
 p6 g& }! ]& c. `4 \) `$ ?. qdiskinfo.fi_sclus); ! N% C* \2 v. g$ W3 N. E
printf(" number of clusters %5d\n", 3 [8 ]# O% r0 [: _+ M( L* y3 S% O
diskinfo.fi_nclus); B/ q5 ^8 }/ k0 d* P
printf(" bytes per sector %5d\n", E! b9 q+ `5 [$ d
diskinfo.fi_bysec);
 U: y7 F* ]; \! w$ K+ p7 b} 
: q( b: K# o5 j+ X( x, Y$ h7 o+ [5 {) Areturn 0; 4 _4 l5 m$ ~2 U" M% {* T# e; P1 F6 a
} . H3 B6 g4 K% l; g1 d+ t
" t# B1 y7 Z$ R7 l& g
0 R4 e+ }" m4 m% j7 b: i
函数名: getfillpattern 4 h7 @6 ~3 ^- v, @& i
功能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中
2 e0 q: z" G1 x3 e2 [用法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern); 8 n' G+ |" a5 `, m$ r. a' B# M+ `
程序例: 
$ ]' I5 H4 L% @/ l [#include <GRAPHICS.H>7 v; Y# c( v! H
#include <STDLIB.H>, |2 D( w) o( p/ J; l7 e( D
#include <STDIO.H>
7 h V! c u% t#include <CONIO.H>
$ K( s. m1 f) f# hint main(void)
+ V) p& F6 n; ^0 _. o) `' {9 ?{
* f. z# L! T0 y1 J4 m/* request auto detection */
. E4 y P$ Z; eint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ]: g1 E# Z0 [2 m! Z
int maxx, maxy;
# A f! `( h8 W% J1 Qchar pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; " N. Y0 b9 t' T: `8 J
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" E- J* }# j5 m! K; P3 ~6 R$ Binitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
1 Y' X4 s8 L+ n/* read result of initialization */
9 }9 F3 C' e# e9 g. ~: E8 |errorcode = graphresult(); ( U8 t+ v0 [) }" j/ R; L
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
) y% a1 E6 \; i4 t3 {) Q{ 2 N0 j3 ?0 g+ q% v0 }
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 Q4 \' |$ V. T6 B4 @# r
printf("Press any key to halt:");
2 O$ X( ]9 P& j+ D$ agetch(); ) `# b0 A! b5 S0 b+ T( T
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . M$ J( V: I8 R& R/ N
} 
; c( O0 ^3 k2 vmaxx = getmaxx(); - E0 c) `2 Y7 F, ~1 L) s
maxy = getmaxy(); 7 q/ t/ r1 `! g; n" {: K1 d
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
; ]' b+ R9 s. P7 Y9 M% D5 l, \/* select a user defined fill pattern */ ! b8 k5 C' w- l: U- X q
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
5 G/ |) y/ ]" |+ A: Y% q/* fill the screen with the pattern */ + }8 z1 ]! ~( J* Y/ s4 [; F( w+ W3 c
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); " r& @0 R o. q1 J
getch(); 
# ?/ E8 x( @+ g& P, ~0 ]/* get the current user defined fill pattern */
' }0 G! _' U" l0 ?1 w( r, G# wgetfillpattern(pattern); & n0 @ h4 Y( Y' ~! F4 e! I
/* alter the pattern we grabbed */
; T& i0 S5 g, ypattern[4] -= 1;
0 F2 {# x$ J) E' apattern[5] -= 3; Q, N0 B( j7 i$ h0 P
pattern[6] += 3;
, `9 N9 Y7 V- h8 e" U+ ?5 F' {pattern[7] -= 4; / t9 v1 T+ ^5 N8 N+ L; y2 `
/* select our new pattern */ ) |' t# |2 f: o# o
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 8 F' r% ?* I3 }3 b8 q$ w
/* fill the screen with the new pattern */
1 u4 H, O) ]) X/ a1 @6 A9 Pbar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
! r* J0 a4 _ a6 y7 I4 C8 ^8 }/* clean up */ 4 X3 g, G9 C1 I' G
getch();
* L5 D$ J% o$ s1 z/ O( @closegraph(); # o, y3 O$ V; |& \
return 0; 8 L q( N, ^7 r! w# j/ f
}
' y& ]( t1 F+ q' l( \5 B. E' o) F6 X. Y

* E* W7 ?# T' F, u/ W函数名: getfillsettings ' E2 K: }% \6 B! I# ^
功能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息 5 x5 E1 S1 i: V, _9 l, u: y; p) g
用法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo);
2 ~5 Z: E5 q$ G) p) `程序例: 
$ W r' H0 H. x, h#include <GRAPHICS.H>
/ j3 t; R7 ]- F0 G7 f( B* \9 q6 i#include <STDLIB.H> T4 G7 ~ m/ B8 W/ o. |
#include <STDIO.H>0 `! c4 B0 F5 f- w4 e5 f, G# G! f
#include <CONIO.H>- R& E0 _0 }8 n. }
/ the names of the fill styles supported */ % H/ X; w7 x! n, E, g1 w
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL", 6 S$ P# _& a$ `( g, T! S& q
"SOLID_FILL", 0 H y6 C* ]- \& E
"LINE_FILL", # k" O+ c# f' B, h$ b9 o
"LTSLASH_FILL", - V& L1 X# I) `8 s, j5 K+ s" J* n
"SLASH_FILL", 7 N6 A3 k% P0 }
"BKSLASH_FILL",
: @1 t- h! G F. k i' B% E"LTBKSLASH_FILL", " t" C8 r1 i% g( ?/ m
"HATCH_FILL",
9 o( R. a# w# w5 L) ~"XHATCH_FILL",
9 G. K7 W+ I; p2 Q# o1 Q"INTERLEAVE_FILL", . Y) R5 ` ?! @" {* c4 m
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
: }& R$ f% t6 M! v7 w" d1 x"CLOSE_DOT_FILL", " _! j. J, `+ f! m) ^( K
"USER_FILL"
, F6 c [ \4 S9 B}; ( }8 P3 o; c/ z
int main(void) " X' G/ H, l4 @
{ + c2 G* L, y8 g1 a* l. k* Q; g
/* request auto detection */ . B4 z8 p" |& ~7 S
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; * Y1 l4 i- T% n0 B& M
struct fillsettingstype fillinfo; 8 \; y: Y6 V# y
int midx, midy;
# x8 ^( k8 E( O# M/ dchar patstr[40], colstr[40]; 
( ~! X1 c: c$ Z r& M6 N0 X- h+ B0 y/* initialize graphics and local variables */
3 Q: p9 F5 C% T- uinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 j* X/ b2 r8 R! ?* f- ^" t) T
/* read result of initialization */
9 i( I/ L7 a+ d# [8 E' R0 R) terrorcode = graphresult(); E' M* c# Y; a: }
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 c# L5 Y8 N0 k' }3 {7 K" {{
, s( N' C' Y6 T8 w5 _! @printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 8 Z- ~! s- I/ h, x# u
printf("Press any key to halt:");
2 S3 D1 T X7 [getch();
" L: D F1 \4 m, P; a6 Zexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! p. W8 S$ u4 s# ?: \} 
8 C# j i+ N3 n8 p+ Umidx = getmaxx() / 2;
, Z0 H# |& s! f3 h% Q6 O4 _8 E emidy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 _4 x2 O& G% X9 R# J$ P
/* get information about current fill pattern and color */ 1 N% s7 C* F% Q$ \: K. l/ P. ~" P
getfillsettings(&fillinfo); 
; f0 z5 Y5 q$ m/* convert fill information into strings */
 S w+ W* ?( N) u' o% Bsprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]);
8 ?% S. X$ Y( ^7 }: Dsprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); j! R9 {* }- E+ H4 H
/* display the information */
# K1 n/ Y7 D/ Z" m1 tsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
+ D5 V+ _' A/ W5 aouttextxy(midx, midy, patstr); 5 K6 w8 F* h" K6 \
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); 1 a4 t( f; d! a n& k, e0 W$ n
/* clean up */ * g6 M/ v2 v2 G( v0 ^' L! A4 b. ~
getch(); % u* ]- l1 t5 A5 G
closegraph(); ( J, r: Q" F( e$ a4 W1 M
return 0;
0 |1 P# P5 w# f* V5 p; e; z0 X' Q}
2 r4 y4 |# n6 P$ O" X/ v) o! i% [- a6 W0 k; E7 V( r" D1 _! }5 u7 w) J
* U" Q0 }# W) R1 I) _9 @: Z

' {4 Z# h4 {. R3 P* N' K4 D函数名: getftime ! I- c# A4 ] i, Q- v V, E
功能: 取文件日期和时间
: R$ E# f" q) W用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); 8 h4 R a& f; v. z3 s
程序例: , v/ x3 ?+ C0 y7 }! U% C7 _
#include <STDIO.H>
0 n) v0 l1 F" }4 L) q. h. d6 ^, Z2 S#include <IO.H> J5 L; B4 P7 ~5 P0 ]
int main(void)
8 s( k3 I, \# F4 y# j. h6 r" j4 K{ b% E" r. d& f
FILE *stream;
( R# H; Z# p( h9 @struct ftime ft; 9 A: a$ I8 u6 V* k$ @
if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", & P& U6 }/ Q7 o
"wt")) == NULL)
6 E' N8 C1 C5 N' J{
! B/ a6 f0 d$ b; e" x# V1 Afprintf(stderr, : i) P4 @+ ?3 b7 ~4 y2 l0 t( a
"Cannot open output file.\n"); 5 z+ h7 T; D; a7 C3 _" I
return 1;
( K* c$ [0 b0 @' T4 K+ d}
" T7 x! B& p) E( \+ kgetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); 5 c$ F$ x& F- n9 @$ f5 F
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
* y/ q3 J8 [2 f9 X0 P( fft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min,
 y$ ?5 P6 D$ y3 ?ft.ft_tsec * 2); $ ]7 b+ K# w, z8 u; G; l8 _
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
) }, y. {0 v/ f* z8 N2 Cft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, 9 E" z0 A, V# s3 c0 r
ft.ft_year+1980);
) ?% y- {) L- `- k# K$ @fclose(stream);
5 u8 E, h% ]* a1 R7 }5 ~return 0;
9 K* ]+ U7 q0 R9 s9 a} 2 ?- {/ x8 Z( p1 K8 t! q% G! R
5 @9 P3 D: ^9 u5 k0 C1 T

6 o) V7 r9 f1 e% H& I* ^. s) `9 R- [# L# T. w. N
函数名: getgraphmode # W ~+ E; G; s2 I
功能: 返回当前图形模式
$ ~% W! e7 @4 Z) F9 R/ z用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
- j3 i; y' L3 Z! T程序例: 0 }! f% y" [# W; }0 X: k+ o
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( Z4 I+ e0 w) u! V( i5 M' D8 p#include <STDLIB.H>) `2 G7 f5 B2 s9 v: Q/ }" ?1 K
#include <STDIO.H>
5 W" f) E" K2 ^& o+ }#include <CONIO.H>
7 Y7 A. N+ G3 ?! ~! v' Q% fint main(void) ! O6 [$ c8 V5 n
{
3 D# n: s& H+ X: P, _$ ~/* request auto detection */
7 J) a1 h) L! s3 n( Pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 4 [- P( n$ S( O
int midx, midy, mode; ' @& }# V7 v8 u
char numname[80], modename[80]; 
, ^/ W1 w( p5 K4 t6 c( \- c! P/* initialize graphics and local variables */ $ Q. i. k; ~ i# ]5 X& [
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/ D; o; \0 v# O5 b0 T/* read result of initialization */
# x% |% H* w4 x) |9 ?7 l5 _errorcode = graphresult();
, `3 H% i/ j. L; t' Y/* an error occurred */
) v: A% ?6 a. X& k( b+ l- m3 M! {4 Qif (errorcode != grOk) 2 K3 ^' @. g; w
{
( F5 o4 S8 x, s, kprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", 4 S4 V% e5 g8 ^0 p
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 a- H- r7 c% m- `; [# O5 V+ iprintf("Press any key to halt:");
9 X& H% E' d$ b, A+ D% Kgetch();
4 }0 o" a& x4 U+ R4 t6 H+ L/* terminate with an error code */
" V7 D+ |0 j; D* |7 w' Aexit(1); 3 _0 p4 i+ f9 Y$ Q& ~7 P6 s
} 
3 E# Q% J S3 M0 v$ o$ N/ M% c# u8 omidx = getmaxx() / 2;
3 E# v5 C; x8 F/ U2 Qmidy = getmaxy() / 2; " z3 D+ z) s1 H* q4 p6 T5 @! m
/* get mode number and name strings */ % m7 a2 e! b3 T
mode = getgraphmode();
& ] }7 t4 s3 ]$ W! W9 w! vsprintf(numname, ; i+ I+ z; o5 |/ b- H2 i
"%d is the current mode number.", & _, e: i# |+ N; S5 C: K/ D
mode);
* N: A" A0 n; k/ Y+ J: Vsprintf(modename, " F+ _* V* Y% Z& E2 x; `- x% Y
"%s is the current graphics mode", $ U Y. i8 f, e \4 }; a
getmodename(mode)); 
* r1 z9 S9 d8 w- M, f, J. |/* display the information */ & V: V6 V; {( c
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
5 Q6 }- J. @- d4 H$ O% eouttextxy(midx, midy, numname); . G! b' E' K4 \7 R5 e! l0 G
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), 0 { W$ Y* c: S h6 _
modename); ) u1 X+ _& u" M& C
/* clean up */
' Y. f; ?+ d' [1 \getch(); % c2 r. m7 {. O4 o- j
closegraph(); ( \" S/ e' O( `& p6 }: O
return 0;
% ]* K3 e! V3 j. p0 G} 
% X( q0 H7 a4 X6 g% q: J5 k8 P' S
' ]5 s7 F6 i( @( d: o8 }4 G" ?
1 Z/ x* v( }8 F' V( Z& e. r函数名: getftime 7 q& n$ _% x& Z6 d5 ^$ [9 ?
功能: 取文件日期和时间 8 T$ s8 B( j- j- x- r4 }+ t* v5 y
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
& U8 W" M k# h& B1 [1 t1 ~1 I/ ?程序例: % T) T- z. |, d, X
#include <STDIO.H>1 n. k1 L G9 x& O1 p$ u9 Y
#include <IO.H>% d) j8 i4 ]4 l/ q9 N
int main(void) 3 m9 S: q3 ^2 O
{ $ R5 p5 u- z) p% k9 q1 Q) R
FILE *stream; , b) C2 ]+ z5 f0 A
struct ftime ft; 2 H( Z$ c" }: d" U4 ]1 k9 Q+ }
if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", 4 k. A. Z) @$ C! P
"wt")) == NULL)
5 P0 H4 ?" s; C( p! w U1 f1 _{
/ R2 |$ y6 \+ P% jfprintf(stderr,
! K$ i* C9 d# O3 V. L"Cannot open output file.\n");
+ K1 d1 k& X/ _9 q, }return 1;
5 g7 z& x( ^ j}
$ }9 j+ x- F# Pgetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); 7 Y7 n; o$ F# e
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
( N* h5 J) n2 r4 U6 b8 W1 eft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min,
+ ]% R1 W. A& c' _- N* P. w" Jft.ft_tsec * 2);
5 e. b+ y: z- g/ ~8 l: [: @, s6 Dprintf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
* Z* `" I4 w. z, uft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, . G1 p* m# R1 B7 ^; r" F3 T. t2 M
ft.ft_year+1980); 1 ~1 _( [+ V& j7 S' K
fclose(stream);
5 \6 S7 x+ ~: h1 e$ sreturn 0; 3 Y% R4 f: C; H. L' N$ G! B2 ]# W
} 
8 \' K' r$ l8 S \3 b& o. T
2 N% Q6 R, Q( l9 ~$ i; Z; @- `+ [# L) b5 F, ~8 U7 j1 ?
( X; h6 E# [4 K+ \& q; q
函数名: getgraphmode 
 ^) b# M$ _) f0 @5 i( W功能: 返回当前图形模式
& @7 g- B5 j7 _* p e用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
0 @5 M R7 c8 B C4 d- p! r* U程序例: 
, @, i) \8 I8 ?#include <GRAPHICS.H>
& m0 X0 s# |* I% @0 E#include <STDLIB.H>9 y" k) a4 `; q$ D" h
#include <STDIO.H>
7 I K5 r! C1 H% q#include <CONIO.H>
& p3 ]$ I6 A! s$ |1 y* G+ kint main(void)
2 Q- a" u* o l$ Q% K+ }{ % F/ l" v1 ^" ^. d7 F
/* request auto detection */
/ P. P2 ?# B0 M) X# h' H4 a7 I0 tint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , u2 B. q3 k+ C
int midx, midy, mode; 5 c8 m0 k6 X0 m! d& X' G
char numname[80], modename[80]; 
$ L7 r/ c# y5 i: H( _2 Q! G% Z/* initialize graphics and local variables */
; U+ Q% p7 K% Q: h$ V. Hinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 1 V0 S; i8 J$ D5 W$ @. C5 {
/* read result of initialization */ $ @# O- \. |$ ?* k
errorcode = graphresult();
. x1 \# _0 c: w6 t8 V& p7 A/* an error occurred */ 5 Z" T6 A" d% @' [& f
if (errorcode != grOk)
9 _; F" j6 e' M1 u$ y$ Q{ ! j( {& Z1 N. g8 \1 {
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
- q S+ ?7 f& v- s& [* N% ?grapherrormsg(errorcode)); N; G( ?7 K' E5 y9 F
printf("Press any key to halt:"); & o/ v# t. @! g+ i0 l
getch(); ' y* k2 @7 Z4 U5 v4 m; A2 w" W
/* terminate with an error code */
6 X, t4 t6 z2 e1 U7 v( Kexit(1); + U' o& \% N; r, O; r' |: A, R
} 
& X# ~& {& Y6 D; G5 Omidx = getmaxx() / 2;
7 V, K/ m0 W9 ?! u4 c* amidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
5 c; q6 a. l, u8 x7 |- j# n/* get mode number and name strings */ {7 _$ I1 j n- M4 F; P
mode = getgraphmode();
1 m3 [. a- C2 L4 T. o% E( u3 a: p! bsprintf(numname, % l. [% q; }7 I' q7 c) J$ B
"%d is the current mode number.",
3 C( m" _6 W1 t0 wmode); , I" [ [1 n8 y; J* [3 X& X
sprintf(modename, 2 _* g. J8 ~0 U, o! e. E
"%s is the current graphics mode", 2 k% m" x& S! u2 p9 {6 G
getmodename(mode)); 
/ [' i# S: x9 L; f" f: w' @/* display the information */
; K1 T5 J- `, l; s! l$ y) y$ xsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 3 X3 Q7 P" d* W' v ?+ m3 d
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname); $ h; Z- {7 q% }. E- G
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
+ f/ |, o" `6 t! gmodename); 1 {$ e6 L# a1 N0 |$ _" Y
/* clean up */ 6 _& i) |6 p, T' g
getch();
( }- k8 a; ]! d {# a; P% xclosegraph();
* j9 n" f1 ~7 k# c9 [8 Treturn 0; ! `. _) Q+ s' I ]
} 7 Y' I; S: m! h: [6 p- T" t

 `2 l+ |. f& q4 _0 j* k5 ]4 |8 ^# A4 G) i, X
函数名: getimage 1 Z4 G! L3 ]6 \( b
功能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中 0 H5 q0 Q% W8 ]$ @; D/ A/ u
用法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, 1 G( ^3 O6 Q* r8 D$ t% s
void far *bitmap);
; E( X. B' ]4 ]$ S程序例: # d5 o/ N, |. d2 P1 |" i' S
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
 q8 y( Z y6 u. q- I+ c#include <STDLIB.H>
3 Y3 X. l- x |8 ~. o7 |/ D0 Y* n#include <STDIO.H>
$ D* n2 @( \3 o2 \0 j4 w#include <CONIO.H>
: n9 v4 [: x7 b! _# A$ J8 r4 U9 L" ^#include <ALLOC.H>0 y4 m6 p3 \$ Z2 A5 m* _; ^
void save_screen(void far *buf[4]); " k! O& H9 I8 d3 T6 S, |
void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]); 
4 k3 S. q% D% lint maxx, maxy; ! r4 S, H7 q/ b, W4 a
int main(void)
$ g+ {1 {7 Q, p t{ ' G, \: w" t k5 n' D$ `- |
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
1 Q, H* j3 b+ e$ Q4 yvoid far *ptr[4]; 
5 ]& F5 F( T6 V* z1 f/* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */ 9 _) m1 I+ k8 {/ T2 }5 m6 X
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); `! H, } P1 u$ Z8 t: K
errorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */
$ s" z7 s6 ]0 B3 [0 e/ {/ Cif (errorcode != grOk) ! w+ i1 l% S; U8 W$ f
{ # w& J R* k1 S* O
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. Z$ ]! J$ x4 Y: h( e! C- {printf("Press any key to halt:"); - s6 o. C0 A( \7 b I
getch();
% j" R6 Y* B3 r0 G, U0 D$ sexit(1);
 V8 p6 V# F4 H% B1 E/ q8 \/ |4 [}
0 [" _" |: a2 s# T% t' u. Cmaxx = getmaxx();
# a: r+ {: h. ^maxy = getmaxy(); 0 E( d3 n3 F X6 G
/* draw an image on the screen */
4 P J- ^* \5 B/ v1 Mrectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 3 R4 H& T [- a3 W
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 3 k- @# ~' O( ?+ R. M( y. _
line(0, maxy, maxx, 0); 6 k2 Q* Z' x5 B3 k% A4 E
save_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */ 1 y0 U, Y# ^, f6 o# Z# c$ A
getch(); /* pause screen */ - H' L9 L4 X# ^0 g* a
cleardevice(); /* clear screen */
3 I8 O- V+ S/ A) q! mrestore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */ 0 |5 M) O. ~) f& ^' V0 q
getch(); /* pause screen */ 
6 P# x( v; T4 k- l. ~closegraph(); ! ?/ T5 M; T. U2 F! L& Q' o
return 0;
2 j- j) S3 B$ A! ?0 ]} 
9 P/ [" V" Y: C4 ~void save_screen(void far *buf[4]) % s% J, G% k! l
{ 7 [5 C* ] T( ^
unsigned size;
& n! ]# S5 R5 `( j( w1 I9 b# w% Pint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; ! Q- J- n. |, x# e) ?+ p) [. k
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4;
- r ^' d& r0 A! z Ryend = yincr; 2 r! h* M- b9 K6 `% ^! Z- \2 z, P) ]0 p
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ ; N- X6 B$ M' A! }, L
for (block=0; block<=3; block++) 9 z4 g: q- d! k/ E+ Z
{
. M1 m) r( S: C* Y* U k) Sif ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) $ K, C9 v" `- @& {. Z
{
9 P. T0 x, E! M& |$ Zclosegraph(); 3 l# A! [& C8 e! U
printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); $ E2 n" E" O2 f
exit(1); . r! V. L; N5 Z- K$ f* K5 c& S
} 
- ~- j0 O8 n' }6 @& i1 S7 y3 ^getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
9 `3 U) Z+ a' u' f8 K. `ystart = yend + 1;
( Z0 Q% M# i+ ?3 u* l! cyend += yincr + 1;
$ `, J% Y# L9 u- J2 V: _} ; C3 g0 N- u4 @+ u
} 
* D3 F4 [2 f2 f$ e% J9 l% Ivoid save_screen(void far *buf[4])
# z7 j1 n0 j* U{ 7 {8 f% C9 k. ]% E M. i% K
unsigned size;
) s O% Z0 B* q+ i0 A# y' Iint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 0 @' G. f( S$ \& r0 H0 P# w! Q
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; 3 w& I4 B6 H5 n5 }- o7 |
yend = yincr; ! J6 E/ g* l" D0 n y* s
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ * d( U) Q0 y: u2 W9 Q7 c+ F& m
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
. q3 ]" E. y5 P% g4 j* W{ 1 N P9 [( b- |' H9 }
if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL)
% G$ S& C# f! c) L4 ]; q& V; `' M. V{ 6 K% ?. e# w6 W% v* g6 |* H, G
closegraph();
+ h7 _5 {! P: P( Rprintf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n");
' e, _2 ]6 ?) F' R! k B/ ^exit(1);
- i' j! D! [! W3 h* K} $ u3 e \9 b8 z# r
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
- Y- l- a6 r/ N3 g: S6 _! t/ Aystart = yend + 1;
% v5 C z4 f4 A' q6 C4 Byend += yincr + 1;
/ f V+ Z' E6 X7 L} 4 O% ~0 _$ j+ W4 Z, {* `4 k4 d
} 
/ g7 C& Q2 | Z$ evoid restore_screen(void far *buf[4]) " ]. M8 w& H B
{
( p0 `8 p; B$ N4 x. Jint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 0 \; U) [# i( g9 ~3 g, g
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; 8 z) A% Y9 j1 _* P* p( V
yend = yincr; 3 B. J H: e2 o9 N8 T6 k
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
8 b9 W% z# O) \, v+ c{
( \4 C5 c. Z0 q: n% `# Vputimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT); / ^2 X, ?1 N( z
farfree(buf[block]);
5 x0 f2 r B6 v7 _- ~3 e0 g; E4 lystart = yend + 1;
/ f. l, d3 ~2 [9 F; {$ @yend += yincr + 1; + n8 n% E6 x8 y2 X& N: B8 [' F/ `+ d
} ( y, f; C. |% j0 O" l
} ' g- X0 |2 _, c5 ?- J
, K+ c& {% ^7 I: N4 J; ~. Y8 @

5 z L; Q9 W& Z |+ G2 U函数名: getlinesettings 
& Z6 k8 o$ H6 W1 B) D* O$ C9 U功能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度 " L/ T e6 [$ G4 Q* G3 f/ ]
用法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo): 4 `8 \9 K$ J6 `+ V) Q) w
程序例: 
- m, I1 g4 R1 X3 {9 o3 i#include <GRAPHICS.H>; h( o; M1 ?5 m6 U: ^! \: P
#include <STDLIB.H>
! U# V/ M" p9 u) C2 |' p/ F2 K#include <STDIO.H>) D) C8 J' V/ J( K/ q% X" u
#include <CONIO.H>
9 }$ s$ ?$ E. {/* the names of the line styles supported */ 7 [6 Y) m0 D: J H" s
char *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE", ' J& { t2 j$ W; t; n" w, b" N. A
"DOTTED_LINE",
# K Y0 y: s) ^% h3 E"CENTER_LINE",
& d: V$ ?( J" \8 f"DASHED_LINE", / k, V5 {2 @. W C K
"USERBIT_LINE"
/ S n2 ^5 h* p; [+ j% a4 }" B}; ' S* ^9 R1 I' Z9 g' H
int main(void) 3 V: j3 W2 Q8 s
{
& T7 R! P! w b/* request auto detection */
) X4 P& {9 Z: l/ r0 |( Y w; |int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
3 g6 v- n0 v% ^ @9 U1 }struct linesettingstype lineinfo;
: _3 C+ i( ^9 x) J: i* Sint midx, midy;
6 N7 z2 T- w8 ?1 Rchar lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; 
5 x/ l- h0 k$ P) p/ f% R6 ]/* initialize graphics and local variables */
- Y* B0 f" z7 c' Pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
" P8 x7 D. T3 N) r" ]/* read result of initialization */
' e+ e( _8 c- oerrorcode = graphresult();
9 g2 H. D" _: P8 Yif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
# Z$ x5 K) j6 v! C n{
9 n+ w# a7 n |printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % b" ]- C# M) [2 Q! m
printf("Press any key to halt:");
& u6 ?8 v P$ x3 o- U) g" Sgetch();
! n& M; k2 y/ x$ `, ^' ]exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ E; v& ]$ Q) q J/ W. U' R. W8 R} 
5 h! z1 I# o% y0 K) Rmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
. h r5 v Y% H9 n; @0 amidy = getmaxy() / 2; " l* O, K' @; Y1 ^( D" r( i
/* get information about current line settings */ 5 @1 {* X# b3 T$ p
getlinesettings(&lineinfo); 
. \5 v9 h0 s0 \. L [/* convert line information into strings */ % F( x0 b* ^. a( Y# x1 ^
sprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.", % Q j3 e3 D y- N$ e1 t5 Q$ t3 t
lname[lineinfo.linestyle]);
% |" [( I$ \3 D" l; Msprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.", 5 l, [2 H. X2 U" z: j9 U
lineinfo.upattern); + L( r/ l. ] J% f8 y0 a) k k
sprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.",
1 S+ E8 v9 `8 G5 d# Ulineinfo.thickness); 
+ \5 Q( w& ^3 Q: b2 o/* display the information */ 9 m$ i( C' W, ? B; n
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
. B3 N( L. J$ E) Iouttextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); + @& W: Q) `' b3 P
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern); 4 c0 L+ w5 ~) G3 W" ^2 M
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); 
6 \5 y2 k! f) w7 {& I* p" v. u/* clean up */ # c: {. s0 u5 V% j5 q# M
getch(); 1 M- k! S. R$ T) Q+ h3 M# Q
closegraph();
- k; w! E; b2 B1 K- z. Z$ ureturn 0; - x5 c9 D6 W7 x# _3 k9 W6 W
} 
# J% H. c( u7 Y/ m: H! |! d# C' G' D

0 X/ H8 o" }; }/ c7 t# B+ K$ Z9 G函数名: getmaxcolor ' f. z6 A0 d4 G7 d
功能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值 0 \0 n# d7 H! u3 @- M
用法: int far getmaxcolor(void); ! P; d$ F- y$ b
程序例: 
7 B# i C+ ]/ x! g( p#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' p3 K' a4 |; j#include <STDLIB.H>) `7 T# Q1 N8 C- [8 A1 k4 n
#include <STDIO.H>
5 j9 k4 M3 w: h9 W% D#include <CONIO.H>0 q. E+ v& s* p) `. M
int main(void)
& U7 o9 g4 H6 y7 C{
6 t+ n0 F7 O: j4 ]1 l4 a; u% C/* request auto detection */
+ K0 S/ f0 G* j& }& uint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
) H5 m, r- U! hint midx, midy; 8 X" D, @- c3 m" {" Y& W5 l% J
char colstr[80]; 9 D* T ~6 N0 r3 n4 o
/* initialize graphics and local variables
' S# L. Y5 b7 s" Y% J/ a! p*/ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
, O: X. ?# v ?( j, r5 L: _/* read result of initialization */ # x- Y ?2 [7 T) ^- G
errorcode = graphresult();
- d; R/ o4 J2 t/ J8 Sif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- N- U6 L. y+ [/ f! [$ a! v1 M- i{
- ?, z4 @. Y0 Oprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
5 P1 K1 q# x3 d6 ~printf("Press any key to halt:"); , e0 o: U0 U; J/ t, X
getch();
0 r2 Q: z& W3 ~3 r" F% X+ O4 r0 y5 iexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) |( T, _8 [$ c. t9 I
} 
5 @3 @5 K! J% G v: C4 I' u* Vmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
" e- v% A( y( C- tmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 2 F: j* _# c0 b( O( f8 u. I! R
/* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */
; Y+ `! X' I& F; y9 y! Bsprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); 
0 V2 C' Z4 }/ |6 ~- i. F/* display the information */ ( ]) j. W% ]2 O( {' U6 S; W
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); * z$ \9 p5 a) A( ~$ O" `: S% b
outtextxy(midx, midy, colstr); * m' W9 T* L0 n
/* clean up */
( I: P$ Z/ p9 U2 Z: Y- Ugetch(); f: Q O0 s- k7 j
closegraph(); * [& h, L) B2 w; }3 [
return 0; ' I% D* O$ G+ f2 K4 k( s7 V. r
} + n3 s! S# b* L2 i* d, p. Z+ j! Y; s
/ z% C- S7 P2 ]2 ]4 p B8 x

5 q& Q5 M) z4 N( D$ H. q8 g
0 f ^. C i* _* E. i函数名: getmaxx 
9 P4 v" t7 i1 | s0 S功能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标
9 c% _# ?9 ?- u7 |. d) I+ m用法: int far getmaxx(void);
. L% E9 D- {* E; Z; K# v程序例: ; Y' z# I; A/ r1 x* L- S: T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>2 l& N: M- x! i. i
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 L; \, B" K8 c' x/ g#include <STDIO.H>! b, }' h- g4 d' Y
#include <CONIO.H>
' E! J0 x! a9 w) Qint main(void) 9 K8 Q6 E# g& u+ L- f& W* _
{ 7 O, a9 o. d _" F: v3 b7 l( Y' I4 z
/* request auto detection */ # D6 P% ^9 H' v& e4 O b
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
3 S5 e, X8 n- O# Cint midx, midy;
8 t* u- H/ O2 Y @8 mchar xrange[80], yrange[80]; 
3 C8 Y% q/ w. `8 N9 F- H+ J/* initialize graphics and local variables */ " ^+ w; H# I! V* ^6 o/ p$ I& }
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
) Y( s# o$ @& f" g' K4 ?, S& K/* read result of initialization */
2 y( W% ^# k) Qerrorcode = graphresult(); % b8 e2 s" ]$ G3 l# O. N1 h! G
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
* o2 _4 s" @# U& g{ 2 h- B2 P# h6 O" `
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
1 t( U$ ?& W- tprintf("Press any key to halt:");
" t$ p W |+ a9 \getch();
" J, r6 c& X/ K& N2 w rexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
9 i$ \' H5 Q( i5 a8 Q. O$ }} 
5 |1 p1 f* u' z4 ]. ]midx = getmaxx() / 2; ) m: g# {9 a4 ?- y/ n( ?
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ( f) |1 m f" a, z" ^2 Z. q1 G5 S E
/* convert max resolution values into strings */
4 R k6 n1 S; w" H0 k. N/ \9 [sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx()); 2 N6 H7 H n4 Z% D% Y5 Q# p a
sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
9 A8 d: ]9 O4 E1 ~/* display the information */ 4 d4 A5 F# {( q
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
' N8 U7 a, s/ C% R' W$ k; oouttextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
* x& S9 P4 f& K5 D. ^1 iouttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 
4 s$ O/ F' _, l: E4 a# W/* clean up */ $ U3 \6 T. w; e" C5 x
getch(); 5 |; L2 K' W6 `8 b+ ]4 F6 _6 N
closegraph();
5 a: c! x, f5 c. Qreturn 0;
9 l/ R Y6 ~1 L* \}
: [0 r% \6 X$ G$ @+ A% K1 ~/ d. l/ ?) h8 Y4 ^
! h$ i8 J( T: j- V- c I, R! t9 q
函数名: getmaxy / m" z$ a8 ?+ N% V
功能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标 , J1 d* ~5 w4 c7 g
用法: int far getmaxy(void);
% K5 k% Y4 V* b" S% M# m3 l程序例: 
1 O' O; r# O. I4 M#include <GRAPHICS.H>: E! L' X4 ?# f* [' v3 Z
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 {: E6 M! T4 X. `3 X- m#include <STDIO.H>
1 V9 y4 Y2 D' \( M2 Y#include <CONIO.H>
6 T8 C" ?- x" V' X' v. X. _int main(void)
5 H% y# r& H8 ]3 z# x{
7 F/ j/ a: I" {% s3 Z- j: c/* request auto detection */
; c5 ]5 {/ Y$ e# h$ d9 d( F6 z) x2 hint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
: Q) `( O0 O4 z8 J7 L0 W/ j( q2 oint midx, midy;
$ x4 P. r2 {5 [6 a2 ?$ M' Zchar xrange[80], yrange[80]; 
5 C. O$ {9 f- C) q. ]7 f% a/* initialize graphics and local variables */
- ^5 w* z/ H+ D, ]: V% }initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 |5 d1 v- Z, C5 G9 R/* read result of initialization */
9 h/ w8 g& |" Y/ K1 k+ p6 aerrorcode = graphresult();
5 ]& b D6 b5 a \/ Jif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
" E$ j3 X: M; f1 v% C{
; x8 t% n1 c' D0 I) fprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
2 x6 q: C" u3 F8 i7 Fprintf("Press any key to halt:");
: [5 o. M) y o7 `getch(); % q4 C6 j" O, |. U4 T
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 1 o( |( I" \5 m6 n8 c
} 
- f; z. Z! u) d2 e# d' u3 @midx = getmaxx() / 2; 6 a; p/ p, u; I# B7 c1 ^& I& L
midy = getmaxy() / 2; $ Q$ P/ G0 m' A# D
/* convert max resolution values into strings */ 9 e' d3 \- V) B
sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx()); . A- K- h5 Y0 C
sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
" a8 K% o! P- m+ q7 W' g/* display the information */
% l$ v) ]% E( Vsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 9 ?) n" C2 S2 U, X0 B1 W
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
) G; J5 F# }2 g# r; [% aouttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 
% c" h0 L3 w" C% y# J/* clean up */ ! {% B! M: G: H& U5 }5 ^
getch();
9 p4 }4 A8 P% O, E' i7 Qclosegraph(); ) ]8 L8 Q6 g8 k, x' n4 \; r6 B
return 0;
3 }- T* T/ h; l0 o% n} 
' e; \4 u7 v' G2 o) B+ e: w( R- r; m" L, i
函数名: getmodename 0 D$ W# }5 m& S: }; }+ \- r0 S
功能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针 # p: X) j: h8 L' a
用法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name);
* c/ P) ^# O! }' }4 v8 W程序例: $ {; g; Q R% q( L4 a4 b* n
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
4 X4 t! f$ Z! ]# _- a$ {#include <STDLIB.H>
6 Z1 B$ z7 q8 D#include <STDIO.H>5 s* m* Q# B) n# q; l
#include <CONIO.H>2 M! J, H4 M- ?4 w9 Z# C
int main(void) % Z1 h3 @) o/ F$ X$ P+ X6 D- |
{ % g6 Q7 E+ g6 }2 Q& T+ ~
/* request autodetection */
# A& ^1 M" |7 @$ y I% ]int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 5 i$ t& h* W0 l" v
int midx, midy, mode;
/ H6 d, H8 }6 Achar numname[80], modename[80]; . j) K8 e3 u! ^) i4 V% J
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 e& T3 Z9 T4 u! i
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
" C- }3 K) b" _: ~0 d, t/* read result of initialization */ , C% Q" G2 }) m- ~' e2 N
errorcode = graphresult();
" `" ^- z- d+ lif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
6 G1 q/ B( I- X+ _4 q3 b{ ^' Y0 F5 T9 }
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ' \2 g5 i# z/ M- D, a; T
printf("Press any key to halt:");
! G. ~3 t: s# [4 j9 {getch();
/ U/ @ O% w) b8 ^$ ^/ }& cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
+ F$ |, u @; f} / Q# c7 p! t0 b x
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
2 ?. T3 o$ M+ A4 hmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 0 ^4 z3 A) `! b+ _
/* get mode number and name strings */ $ G; R3 h; t: M
mode = getgraphmode();
# V& S7 v2 P; ]sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode); ! U/ a) b3 ~; K) g6 v4 \
sprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); X2 B( p% e Z
/* display the information */
3 p1 H+ k: ^9 D( ssettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 1 |9 k9 w( C! @% n% e" \. I6 T& z- u
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
( B& b2 g$ B: l' c6 Wouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); 
 ~ d7 ^5 y) x, h/ k/* clean up */ * w0 T; v+ O- R
getch();
5 e, h, O$ b+ D, C: g8 d! e' fclosegraph(); - _( c& l7 }: W4 p( ?
return 0;
) y- z/ G5 K: i7 G% h} ! V5 I2 S$ n+ Z; A$ R. ^. \
3 L% Y( t, h/ H+ j/ q% D

9 }* V* V( I. F! G+ B0 \函数名: getmoderange
' G/ e& P2 `( o5 f8 v T8 o3 H9 g5 Y功能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围 ! e3 I9 T! p+ t* D
用法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode,
+ o f+ j, r7 Zint far *himode); ) @7 v7 r9 @6 Q- R6 w% T( U
程序例: 0 H9 b! B) o: @: I9 {) l
#include <GRAPHICS.H>+ H0 l6 N o/ a
#include <STDLIB.H>+ C2 u* G% j0 E& g, n
#include <STDIO.H>0 ^$ d3 K. A+ q, Q7 u% L- U. C
#include <CONIO.H>5 W, q l5 E4 U
int main(void)
. {. P. J$ k) ~" s! T4 e8 E{ * Y" {. I& N3 r9 t
/* request auto detection */ . k2 }( l! |- L5 S! [2 r2 {* O
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; m! {( e6 P1 g% V1 C$ z
int midx, midy; 7 A1 Z5 {9 B5 D& V9 m7 {
int low, high; 5 K& a: o9 Z, v' t! \
char mrange[80]; 
1 `' u# s8 P+ z( t9 X/ {) _/ f: O4 b/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: A' h9 s0 m% t" tinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
: P5 L u5 M1 p& N3 `/* read result of initialization */ 6 I* w' a8 }# P* f3 m# U
errorcode = graphresult();
# {: p* l! N/ |) y* {8 Kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
3 g' @( _1 a4 x- } ]: r{
, m2 P; x5 Y/ F7 [& g3 T' Eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 5 n9 |% J: \# y6 ~* J
printf("Press any key to halt:");
% S {; F6 [: c) C, C- qgetch(); ' o8 V, b4 d. R' D7 Y
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ q6 P3 [ V) `; g4 _9 ]7 ?* D} 
8 ^, g$ \" A6 p. O e) ]midx = getmaxx() / 2; / v$ m, J. h5 J6 Y+ U
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! r) |& T2 ]& z9 C) {
/* get the mode range for this driver */
7 A8 n$ A: i! A7 |2 Bgetmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); 
- Q, I( M! H# l% i# v1 V/* convert mode range info. into strings */
 X' W. j; P$ k1 V% j C3 vsprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); 
" @! ~: |& y9 U/* display the information */
( _5 \0 J, r% T2 [settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
7 P: ], z- j3 pouttextxy(midx, midy, mrange); 
6 ^3 k, L! k1 O. g' c2 P( X: H/* clean up */
* m+ m& [2 H1 |* U; u: Ngetch(); ' T) x: k% Y6 Z
closegraph(); ) r; A6 P q0 ~$ O- \& X
return 0; i$ R3 Q% q5 |% ~: o
} 1 d! V, c' a2 O
1 [) T& L3 ^+ j- e

' r( }4 D' w1 u/ N" h5 q1 U函数名: getpalette 7 r4 C C$ Z! V! u" o* j
功能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息 7 t- G4 b4 `: |
用法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette);
& ~0 e+ U B2 M# W程序例: 
& h5 K- y) c9 r8 ]#include <GRAPHICS.H>
" F! H1 h, {9 y+ c# k& s#include <STDLIB.H>
) O( O1 `. n% d#include <STDIO.H>, t. M' K& Q) ]- R* L9 c
#include <CONIO.H>7 O3 X. ~: p \. {
int main(void) 1 ?! x1 Y/ U; q8 ~& M
{
( n0 F1 X4 \9 k# |5 v* E3 R/ a/* request auto detection */
# S% K( U. [+ M6 A7 @% hint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , M) k% @! a4 h- h; H
struct palettetype pal;
8 G/ ~( M- g+ i5 V achar psize[80], pval[20]; 9 b7 H' Q4 N8 j* k! r; Y
int i, ht;
' Y, Q$ O% j3 s, Wint y = 10; 
' a" `: A9 u4 A" ]/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 p( L4 A6 s" [5 |+ g/ n
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 }( v% b2 o& Z6 x7 w0 ?
/* read result of initialization */
6 H8 j- R) H8 j6 ~* Perrorcode = graphresult();
2 B4 g% i7 e" q5 s3 ?& g7 m/* an error occurred */
, n$ V0 o5 M5 w% h3 ]- ]if (errorcode != grOk)
0 C0 A; a3 J: N& l0 I{ : T: \# k# m* p; e+ u
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", - M4 S( B' Y. a/ ~" i7 ~+ q7 K
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 F- u9 ?. \; c" Xprintf("Press any key to halt:"); " W, \& Q5 ~; N1 o$ T
getch(); / `- d% b) S- F8 I% s7 V' x
/* terminate with an error code */ . h8 ?' C8 O. Z
exit(1); ; T. g4 G' L4 U! v' {7 u5 ^+ ]" V( T
} 
/ f$ E1 Z) [$ I2 m/ j; ~/* grab a copy of the palette */
1 x# ^2 t! ~, e+ R$ u) e, M" igetpalette(&pal); 
+ _7 A( ^! f4 d& r0 G d/* convert palette info. into strings */ 5 L* `* l2 {' m' K
sprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \
' f* u5 Y$ e( G2 A& p" ?$ [8 Q& Amodifiable entries.", pal.size); 
5 w4 @/ |& q! H! I* K( j% {/* display the information */
: M' v8 H. o- }3 z7 K ^% oouttextxy(0, y, psize);
) `8 [% M/ W" @: s8 Bif (pal.size != 0) , h/ p9 U. _7 T1 L) U
{
3 V" g2 J4 F# j" bht = textheight("W");
7 M0 A" ?6 w) sy += 2*ht;
( i8 J& N6 S* m' L3 ^outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \
1 e% P6 x6 c0 p. q- Svalues:"); 7 \2 f( J' e! y; j. [2 |
y += 2*ht; 6 S7 a" n/ N2 {' p( h0 z9 B& x3 f; V
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { ) T. f# w4 e% G) J- q; \! B
sprintf(pval,
: W6 ^& b& R/ i7 C8 i+ S7 f5 J"palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i, J+ w2 X) ~1 U
pal.colors);
9 Y9 w9 l, t- p+ Gouttextxy(0, y, pval); : L( N5 w+ o& U: Y1 ~+ S
} a* ~: y2 A3 ^8 ]9 z8 @4 f
} 
' U: |9 n: [* X2 O) s# G/* clean up */ ) t; W% _) h9 k1 u2 C5 H: m+ H6 J6 p. }8 l
getch(); 1 }, R& Z" h6 Z) [" c4 k
closegraph(); : \0 ~8 t1 Y4 t# _
return 0;
* h6 h5 g6 p* B: u, |+ @& C- ?}
4 h+ L- W6 p. K
' Y3 m ^' h7 u5 l4 V# J3 a2 ]. x函数名: getpass 
# }- ?( [+ u2 ~( b3 W* u功能: 读一个口令 8 u/ {/ l9 u1 Y& D- S+ J
用法: char *getpass(char *prompt); 8 c7 ^9 r, {1 t
程序例: 
+ g& z R+ I5 o! |#include <CONIO.H>
$ k) O; b- v: z. S( z% b5 W* wint main(void)
5 f6 e5 N6 t1 i( w$ q. @! Y$ z{
* x" E8 }2 E. s4 y3 tchar *password; 
' r. t! R' V0 p( X5 \$ Upassword = getpass("Input a password:"); ' K! Y/ s! C& t
cprintf("The password is: %s\r\n", $ z1 ]: b m+ ~, |% V* j; ]
password); 7 j1 b* q9 Q3 ~; O2 K, v
return 0;
# K4 a' E m& t; Y; M}
/ e$ p% L$ l/ D2 o( r2 L7 Y+ R4 ~6 h2 N% G3 Y0 x
0 C: U G0 _! ?) V. I( m6 i

0 `1 s: ]$ F9 x8 T* E- |+ K函数名: getpixel 
4 d5 g" [- J" i1 M功能: 取得指定像素的颜色 7 @4 I+ L) `# M7 y/ N
用法: int far getpixel(int x, int y); $ J9 p$ e1 z! Q" B
程序例: 
4 q5 P) h* s; O {9 R#include <GRAPHICS.H>+ I* s% p. u# f
#include <STDLIB.H>
0 S% {( [" C) U' I#include <STDIO.H>/ f, c" Q. L1 V0 {; ]" _
#include <CONIO.H>4 i# r* Q/ A8 B" @1 O
#include <DOS.H>
2 A3 c$ D+ B6 E% ?# N4 H8 ]#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000
1 M1 W# x$ K: P#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */ 5 B8 k6 J, v9 T: O0 b4 A0 V
int main(void)
5 L& G2 T; h8 m) D{ ' V z" [3 F$ o) m+ f {
/* request auto detection */
# F5 s4 x1 y' |! j) I3 _int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 2 C m/ U& v2 d" \5 n- |$ e* B
int i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy, 7 ?- W# ?/ {) u' h5 @& C& [4 h" L! o1 D
maxcolor, seed; 
# c/ f" c+ ~; [% ]" \+ o/* initialize graphics and local variables */ # [' c) m" Z; a2 w) B1 T, r
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
* Q1 B: B0 W" c6 M9 q/* read result of initialization */
3 L6 w: ^" S" Q6 a3 @2 b5 Kerrorcode = graphresult(); 9 f! h" }: ?- H2 z7 V* x5 p" u9 x
/* an error occurred */
' U0 t3 ?* |! w* Gif (errorcode != grOk)
- y9 @+ _ _" @3 S7 P{
5 W" L6 H1 J# g+ m1 aprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", & u" ], o' Q6 ^% w( ]4 @+ {
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 3 w$ c* I# c% i! C( j
printf("Press any key to halt:");
8 \) n0 H% N% O6 _0 {8 m) Agetch();
5 j4 l! U, a) \* |/ K {) g/* terminate with an error code */
' Q5 I: N l9 I2 w8 o9 Qexit(1); 1 W7 O% R5 V; ^
} 
- l% h3 p7 O# |maxx = getmaxx() + 1; , H- p1 j* q( K( s* S: a
maxy = getmaxy() + 1; , ^- i. a! L" @
maxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; 
. q" `$ Y5 i: P! j& ^, qwhile (!kbhit()) 7 F+ s. Q% r& V/ m/ v
{
9 P" [! U: t9 p, A8 z+ h; |/* seed the random number generator */ ; N0 j* c: i- w! g9 D6 r# T. F1 C0 I
seed = random(32767);
" C9 u* e2 R" k+ g3 o9 asrand(seed);
! |: B) L; e' e6 G o4 zfor (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; { 4 H; g5 z( ^2 | p
x = random(maxx);
$ v3 S3 G9 [9 [0 }y = random(maxy);
6 E0 a) C2 W$ B5 d* jcolor = random(maxcolor); ) e6 ? _( s+ k. z" `* E# \
putpixel(x, y, color);
' y* M3 r- Z& o$ g} ; Q7 v6 Q* X2 k2 Q
delay(DELAY_TIME);
 {7 u; m+ Z7 O* Zsrand(seed); ; ]" x% m D3 z& w% l
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
% T. Y9 x$ G4 U. Jx = random(maxx);
$ A1 ?, C' q1 m/ p% L! G! [* U& sy = random(maxy);
& j2 w& W9 J7 Jcolor = random(maxcolor); % A1 k: L% Q0 W. K+ f( M. Y3 i
if (color == getpixel) 9 o7 r" x7 U8 i, G" H
函数名: gets 4 _9 ]/ }3 C2 B( B
功能: 从流中取一字符串
: R1 X- U) l C- U8 H用法: char *gets(char *string); 2 d/ T3 q$ ]' q$ g( W( g! i7 T' G+ e% B
程序例: 
$ V, S: P3 z' K! q+ ^#include <STDIO.H>( `* a; h9 q: ~: J+ s8 r& `
int main(void)
8 W C3 ?9 o0 w# s{
% A6 C2 Y5 K9 Z$ K" A7 A' _9 @char string[80]; ) C, W+ M, k* u4 R9 b, ?
printf("Input a string:");
& F9 ^8 L: N( T8 {6 x2 C" Mgets(string);
+ x9 k) f; g1 J! | k. t' dprintf("The string input was: %s\n",
0 P) ~5 [) D' A+ r% C) a( S1 R3 Astring);
, I$ p" A1 q2 K1 i8 Q& u" Z- |return 0; 8 N& t' c- H* T( I
} 6 |* s4 b. L& |6 f `0 V9 ~

" e: X( S5 @1 R& X$ v
" A& c2 J, T' q9 x, A: s/ R函数名: gettext 
1 G! x. d2 W" O6 }/ X& N8 d功能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区
2 p# j- L5 G% U" ^$ r用法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin); 2 r7 P/ B- i% x: P9 ]5 m1 ^3 P( E
程序例: 5 W& J, S. {) v) _6 u& K7 {: v l
#include <CONIO.H>9 N/ j8 M M: \/ K3 g' Z
char buffer[4096]; 0 ^4 S2 y0 n+ r$ C$ J# e. v
int main(void) / i* e) z3 G: u, Y- t' ~( d
{ # r8 @4 I& V, \7 u
int i;
! d d ^. Z' f6 w1 K, Zclrscr();
* p! \9 S' x5 @7 [& B1 ]for (i = 0; i <= 20; i++) 1 J [/ Z. J- a& N: A# s6 L
cprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i);
) Z. p, b( R$ _; R* ~; Bgettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); : @, H+ J# t& ]- ^- J
gotoxy(1, 25);
2 l1 s$ e Y% b" l ycprintf("Press any key to clear screen...");
0 q% J7 a4 A+ ?+ f3 Ggetch();
# I- I5 e1 Q" g8 D& `1 jclrscr(); , Y3 L9 I& q# W
gotoxy(1, 25);
6 i8 c& I/ w1 {. u- Ncprintf("Press any key to restore screen...");
' J& M% Y, h- F6 Ngetch();
8 _! D3 s2 ~3 o6 |/ n- v$ lputtext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); ) v3 H( ?. z( d* O" o
gotoxy(1, 25); ! Q8 _4 Z( m' `, W6 @ h& ^ X6 P$ U
cprintf("Press any key to quit..."); ; v u* X }- ~. k. Q6 l' C) w4 Z
getch(); ' A1 _" d9 ^1 {" T* N8 J& F0 B5 e
return 0;
# W( d' d# T# H7 G- [: x9 C5 J} 5 x" _* I( i l, S- d+ L: ~" [; ]8 q

& |8 d" v' t% R9 K" U0 W# N2 t( i- L6 S1 ?6 p; _
函数名: gettextinfo r8 B4 ^9 s$ ^/ A
功能: 取得文本模式的显示信息 3 j$ t8 r6 @- Q2 U$ V% z
用法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec);
2 Y" ?* M( F) w3 | J% \: n程序例: - M& `' Q/ i2 j7 i5 K
#include <CONIO.H>
 L. }% }% G+ s2 c7 v7 Lint main(void)
8 u$ P& ]! ~, Z. y{
7 p, j ~- z( ^9 M& S% I/ i8 A& ~" Vstruct text_info ti; 7 `: i0 E8 S; B( O
gettextinfo(&ti);
- @# c& ~' ]8 ?cprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft);
2 Z+ P' X5 J9 ~7 H ^2 Rcprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop);
. x- w U1 z2 i' jcprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright); ) p5 P8 t* ~6 p- \& Y
cprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom);
' {9 b9 {2 P: x. x9 Rcprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute); $ r* H5 z; H9 Y5 Z; l% I
cprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr); 9 D( ?, R* F9 O* [% S, O* h
cprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode);
4 r; d: ~8 m& @, C1 ]cprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight);
& e1 x# s0 R+ `! g2 Xcprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth); 2 S+ n' W3 u0 `4 O2 ^/ h
cprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx);
9 E. C; y4 R3 Rcprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury); 4 _* T* R x z% \
return 0;
# ]( `! N) m9 T$ G}
% t% j& p# Z* p. o5 P
# ?' w7 b- N1 p/ S# i# J# \* l# v# |% J- ~& L
函数名: gettextsettings 
) n% v9 [6 d Z- o: `3 S功能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息 & B8 ?: @2 b: s; w
用法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo); ; H; y4 s* s3 q6 Y
程序例: 6 a d3 B3 s* Q% A$ o: f5 A
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- Q& J# ?; Y5 ~' w#include <STDLIB.H>
6 y0 S( j) F" R9 B#include <STDIO.H>
' `) j! m3 M' X$ J6 w2 W# y#include <CONIO.H>9 _* D4 \* Q: R( v8 ?
/* the names of the fonts supported */
3 \# \' Z3 L% M5 \; B; Hchar *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT", & K: N D9 j6 f) L' G) _
"TRIPLEX_FONT",
2 s: \/ u: c2 c4 x" {; j2 k; A* J9 V"SMALL_FONT",
. |; |8 Z0 t, w& [9 I"SANS_SERIF_FONT",
1 _0 V, X4 A% Z% Q9 F) ~. K"GOTHIC_FONT" 0 m; L( y4 ^% k2 N, y2 c
}; . w) A; _8 w) Y1 S2 }) P6 `
/* the names of the text directions supported */
) |* Q/ |' i) ~( \5 {char *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" }; ( p' s6 N8 n9 I* [/ G2 a# U
/* horizontal text justifications supported */ ) V& I n0 _7 B0 [! y! @
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" }; a9 v8 y1 [. q2 Q N
/* vertical text justifications supported */ 2 I6 u0 q6 b+ D
char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" }; 
2 z0 l. p2 e3 v* j+ \int main(void)
9 L" o1 X! Q @# f" `7 Q$ u; \{
7 J* U5 \7 O$ ]6 a0 {) e/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
* M$ V, n6 H1 y( fstruct textsettingstype textinfo; 5 R6 |7 `" r5 X: i& \3 w
int midx, midy, ht;
) w/ r, H& A- Y( l+ J2 fchar fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80];
/ D4 D0 w$ V' x6 J' M+ rchar hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; ! E9 K i9 `" N# ^
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / i" c! D9 O5 {
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 6 T/ N/ P$ `6 H7 b
/* read result of initialization */ 4 g$ z) Q- ~9 P& W$ Y& X" K
errorcode = graphresult(); / o; I( m1 H1 k" l8 Q9 _6 H
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
+ Z8 ~, h1 ^( _$ o. f) s{
; q* U4 V2 s {5 n& cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; u6 Z, y; ]3 { j0 h. }+ kprintf("Press any key to halt:");
% r# j2 M, C, k0 u6 @' e9 ~0 k2 igetch(); 7 I+ n! P; i7 n! W$ _! W4 w
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ * m% D$ N0 p- }
} / t& G2 S2 N: _. M# i4 A
midx = getmaxx() / 2; ' u& c4 E# R$ W1 O1 k
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
; j+ V: f/ o! Y2 a7 _5 o0 b: C/* get information about current text settings */ : M6 |1 O$ P6 ~+ t/ \
gettextsettings(&textinfo); 5 b. R% R) F9 F M4 S' b, I6 r t
/* convert text information into strings */ ) F! h8 ~3 A+ K! B7 F# |* I
sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]); : Y1 v; m& R- c
sprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]); : }0 [: j1 x+ J$ J* A8 d. Q& O
sprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize); 2 Q( x) n7 T4 r; }& W# b( z" v
sprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.",
6 E) U* k: P9 s3 s2 u( J4 b0 B+ y. xhjust[textinfo.horiz]); & x D- V" L5 l. s
sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.",
7 g; f$ [) R2 w: Lvjust[textinfo.vert]); 8 h2 _2 R% F! B" D$ ?( Y
/* display the information */
, P$ I0 s& h$ B1 ^8 Lht = textheight("W"); % C5 E- M. |; a' L4 p7 @: ]- X0 A
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); " W& M8 g6 c) g8 a( \4 M- B, D. X1 N
outtextxy(midx, midy, fontstr);
7 J5 K# {$ }. [7 V2 Touttextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr);
3 I+ R6 p4 p9 @5 t9 ]outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr); 2 L! \, \# k7 ?
outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr); 6 V/ f$ o e: c
outtextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); 5 U* g- R6 \0 T* \
/* clean up */
7 d& @' t4 h' D8 c7 R6 {getch();
- M/ h/ C4 O! n. w# G U$ Kclosegraph();
5 R- h0 Y& ^# C- C3 treturn 0;
& F* `7 f& O9 m* S$ L1 l& D} ; I( r" ]- f" S8 f* ~0 `2 w- q2 _+ G
1 e" t" \) G; p
函数名: gettime % F8 _6 r5 ^, n
功能: 取得系统时间
$ J4 r1 u: J6 M! Z用法: void gettime(struct time *timep); , \4 ]+ o% p. A' o: N C' v" A; f& E
程序例: 
6 t( N7 c/ U* l* S# P#include <STDIO.H>: h0 G/ q1 u0 _6 ^* _3 \' J% n
#include <DOS.H>
5 T1 @* E& {& H0 M2 r7 ]3 g$ _1 Y* rint main(void) . j8 P0 F5 m, T$ f% s; O8 Z
{
. Y7 l* X6 S7 _7 `struct time t; 
; |+ [4 ]$ a9 I* J6 B4 g: Lgettime(&t);
6 [. n" v% a4 S8 k1 U% |- V. lprintf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", & g1 x5 G0 ^$ Z, @; j
t.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund);
" m+ r, _2 j! a2 }! C, xreturn 0;
' L/ M# d/ P2 |/ B}
4 D- V3 I) \ h$ \+ e' I' ~
1 x+ o8 Z# _3 _3 n$ ?. B0 k; J7 Q1 Z! f# o! t; H

+ e) X, y1 ^! W' s函数名: getvect 0 x9 G* k+ }' Z% X
功能: 取得中断向量入口 . Y3 e5 p1 l* t' R% Q
用法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num)); D0 t9 m4 L- U5 B8 |5 q
程序例: 6 N/ R. r p, ]9 `. w# k# i" E+ x0 c
#include <STDIO.H>9 j8 C3 H5 }! k$ _( N9 x
#include <DOS.H>& N r/ x# ^$ V
void interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */ 
0 W; W9 S( C; \% lvoid interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */
7 S @) a' z7 Y5 qint looping = 1; ! _% Z4 t# `) I1 m
int main(void) 7 U0 n: X" ?/ r& E+ S- ~3 [* ^! m
{ 4 R! w; S; z0 B" W/ S1 \6 i
puts("Press <SHIFT><PRT Sc>to terminate"); 
: z3 D) v( p* Q! @/* save the old interrupt */ " C9 d. I2 i+ ]- ~. o" q
oldfunc = getvect(5); 
* s# `% j2 i$ ]/* install interrupt handler */ - a9 H/ V% y% `3 \& q6 K( D& M8 s" d
setvect(5,get_out); : q; p2 B, x3 L
/* do nothing */ l# `8 p c8 p# w
while (looping); # \9 Q$ G4 a; Z# m U
/* restore to original interrupt routine */ 9 p; Z8 S/ {% a7 P
setvect(5,oldfunc); , w; ]6 T% x/ j, }# e1 l
puts("Success"); : ], ~9 F$ e2 s8 Z
return 0;
: m. R" J# k* d7 ^. K}
* B# g- O+ ?! L' ~* h9 V& [void interrupt get_out()
- b/ a+ ?, q: A{ & j% O1 o& ^ Z7 }& R
looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */
4 E" u8 l/ Z" K K3 a* {8 j4 s}
% J1 T# y. o' M3 ~& s2 E% d7 v4 {+ _, ^
$ h9 i6 ?! L* a: b" u$ m
函数名: getverify 
' `4 c T5 ?" M* Z! u功能: 返回DOS校验标志状态 $ }0 d: K& a `. ~: @$ @
用法: int getverify(void);
8 a# n" u5 Z+ @9 v7 u; C6 W程序例: 
) j; n+ J6 Z# @$ ?4 b9 ^#include <STDIO.H>5 B5 N4 E( j3 w" b2 \
#include <DOS.H>
8 m3 B3 u% B; J4 V; t$ Q/ Pint main(void) , ` V0 {* ]0 ]4 B* v5 M
{ 5 }4 S9 p8 n& c) p9 D% ^
if (getverify())
& F9 {6 V8 A5 D4 o7 q }printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); 7 u3 F' Z8 d2 W, n- U
else
$ J1 C( T. A2 x p4 Bprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); * X5 c0 [$ b4 y7 Y( ?
return 0;
 O$ A, K- k# v" M9 b6 p}
4 w4 R( F7 c# f3 _. ?$ Z" d7 S. f6 \, K* S. [
函数名: getviewsetting ?, m9 Q# {$ \/ u( a7 A% K
功能: 返回有关当前视区的信息
( N5 q2 p, ]* a9 m7 K用法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport);
+ a* b/ b* T( b/ @' E: q/ M5 a. }! m程序例: 9 U7 O, R, S7 p4 }) r
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
+ {7 ?1 F* _% N& x+ V#include <STDLIB.H>
! n# W2 z6 W: Y4 ^% N#include <STDIO.H>
8 a8 d/ D, R- o) c8 B) f#include <CONIO.H>
0 P3 z- J) D, U: F8 X) S2 ^char *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" }; ' x. P$ ?. p$ e W, c
int main(void)
/ o' ^& O! t6 i9 X/ X6 d2 _" v q. P{ ( ?) ~- p) H9 }4 ^ _
/* request auto detection */ % a- b0 i' Y, \9 n
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ ]) A9 b& [7 H4 k7 y8 ^1 X8 `
struct viewporttype viewinfo; / @' a L1 H0 O( |. x, S" b
int midx, midy, ht;
+ i, f: c% L0 U+ p7 mchar topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; " o* P; ~ ?% J/ w& J4 ?. h# d
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, G) H+ Z2 }3 A: C5 {0 [initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 [ ]* A6 F2 A2 E1 B% d0 C7 o
/* read result of initialization */ ! y) Y' M/ n n9 a! \8 J3 `6 d
errorcode = graphresult();
; O: n# C5 V+ o4 Z* x) p$ V3 Bif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 3 Q: f' J* Z6 n, J3 V8 S
{
4 Z3 t z$ T2 ?: V) i) Wprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ) E, q0 r$ H) t. G
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ' x- h! C& a! ?1 t1 d4 c6 Z# p! O
getch();
; J4 M! c- B' W( B, Rexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
1 {9 S% h1 Q2 W) O# E- [, o} 7 _7 A' k$ _* z5 b. H# I
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
5 H0 w/ {5 X5 d4 M- r4 W) Omidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
* P* R! u) F. x8 b/* get information about current viewport */ 6 Z% _5 D" l. }, L" P. I
getviewsettings(&viewinfo); * x. n3 s. o) N+ t
/* convert text information into strings */
" c& q' V) H' r- Rsprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", ' v2 N9 G$ x, |( B& h& ~& `% P! ], H
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top); 0 T8 K, s9 O/ j( B: `. n
sprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.",
1 o6 F2 a1 K$ e; Y. v$ }) xviewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom); 3 P0 ~/ \9 a% Q, T/ N+ o
sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); 
$ U: I: ]& y( k( Q0 |7 s, S0 R1 @/* display the information */
+ ?0 n5 I- u. R# [settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
3 y: \9 _# S) I, v9 {9 Z! L3 Rht = textheight("W"); }7 U' T! u: u7 ]
outtextxy(midx, midy, topstr); ' ~9 r3 N+ l4 ^6 [) J8 ]
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr);
! l/ s# P, X/ I% _outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); 4 p) y/ a. S' P+ z7 \5 f) Y
/* clean up */
( V' e+ Z' K3 l; m2 c( L1 ugetch(); 6 c1 o" R- `6 s
closegraph();
" E' W* o6 L' p! g Q/ E) h0 g. D/ Zreturn 0; 0 X" G* ?1 p# g) G" ]* W
} ( k: n2 L/ h( i8 L# T7 `9 ^1 `0 U# K

$ D6 M" L+ G: R( I# I/ {4 ?' ?8 c- e: G3 y% T8 }6 @
函数名: getw 
% q' N+ c- i; ^3 Y功能: 从流中取一整数
5 a: j. B% R k2 @用法: int getw(FILE *strem);
$ M4 B# f) g }3 _- ]& f& E* x程序例: ) s! \( k0 ]8 L5 x$ Y( W
#include <STDIO.H>
$ m* }5 S" e( F' M& B#include <STDLIB.H>3 x; \2 I/ g: T+ k0 U1 J) J% i, c* G) n
#define FNAME "test.$$$" 
% e. _$ ]2 ~+ \int main(void)
3 D, ^5 o7 m% p7 b/ T- c{
: m2 g% g. ^+ m. |1 dFILE *fp;
. ?! h) L$ R9 s- j. fint word; 
6 [# u( x8 T/ x% h: Z/* place the word in a file */
. l0 @7 D+ n$ _3 u6 ]: k: Xfp = fopen(FNAME, "wb"); 1 ~5 u& c5 n" m: q* x/ `" P& F
if (fp == NULL)
6 f( K7 A4 j+ S) o0 j- u. F/ L; z{ $ m' t0 k6 ^* u! g( T P0 [
printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); 3 ? }4 R H$ v! U* r
exit(1);
 {0 Z/ b- s: B- y( Z+ ?} 0 j( g% L0 T# k" [3 {
word = 94;
5 g+ \3 B7 j8 j9 l# Lputw(word,fp);
. q( ~% ]7 G$ h2 Q6 C& K8 V3 fif (ferror(fp)) " q- X- A( A6 l4 S0 n. B- M/ z
printf("Error writing to file\n");
5 X4 q% Z8 M' D( j, t7 belse 5 z7 B2 [8 @% k% x' X
printf("Successful write\n"); ) M/ P! M' N- t8 B) w: I# T
fclose(fp); 7 o' c3 R0 `+ T+ `6 \
/* reopen the file */ 2 F3 `/ w. k$ D& e3 V
fp = fopen(FNAME, "rb"); . M3 F1 Y* ? l9 L8 C5 R
if (fp == NULL)
% b; |7 g$ [% h{
& h9 o2 a! h5 y& @; yprintf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME);
. J+ M$ H* j$ i* A5 H' E8 pexit(1);
* l- Y9 t' @1 q% ^ K} 4 |3 Y: O6 `2 f1 r6 Q, T% W4 y
/* extract the word */ 9 J* q! r0 y& ]: ?# P3 {
word = getw(fp);
) z9 x' J* s9 _if (ferror(fp))
8 o& v5 x3 g j1 m$ t' W$ \printf("Error reading file\n");
 ~( _% p$ w" Y$ _% Melse $ Q5 `' x1 G/ T ~
printf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); 
% h, a* [ v* A* I' s1 w7 k+ o/* clean up */
8 J( S7 ^5 P7 _; |$ b/ A* @% ifclose(fp);
, M7 w" P6 F3 p ~) Vunlink(FNAME); 6 G+ v( I1 z2 H. L: l: g3 _7 J5 Y- n
return 0; * U4 N3 S! }( a
} 2 A! b* d- h2 J1 d

3 L/ {- C* W/ H+ x7 c
# `8 r' Y! l' i; I; I: D3 o( M+ m
. Q3 R9 l( X' v. A$ F6 W8 c; M函数名: getx 2 [. y p( L/ i
功能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标
4 Y& T5 \( A; e5 \. K6 r% E用法: int far getx(void); 2 |5 C4 W# f2 q! x$ u, G" \
程序例: 
( b1 A& l- h7 o5 I& F5 |# ]- N0 d#include <GRAPHICS.H>' {9 W2 h1 m2 c% R) h$ I/ u( {5 }
#include <STDLIB.H>
, [4 b5 o: J5 Y( u" H#include <STDIO.H>
0 G. M3 O. q& u T8 @#include <CONIO.H>
. r; v* L- o4 k* o5 `int main(void) 4 a1 O) }. P+ i1 _
{ 9 b+ v6 v+ d) K' k5 W3 p
/* request auto detection */
 P# B7 S* V+ y7 Y! H+ F" gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % {9 ?" d6 `' ]. }! K/ T, w
char msg[80]; 2 I: B) u! }' p8 L/ v
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ! V( k4 ?* n) d
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
" u+ [' `. M/ v4 i/* read result of initialization */
8 a* T* H( g. N$ m* herrorcode = graphresult();
# f2 W+ u, ~: d3 {9 t7 Cif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 6 T6 q& s; x. s0 f
{ / w8 F4 L+ u" A( g& u1 e; K/ h
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 8 X; E- a5 f q# N
printf("Press any key to halt:");
8 p" M, s' |. x* K& b2 c5 D4 ]getch();
' f- e1 `1 m' H5 p# w8 nexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 1 v4 ?7 {$ }& U) Z% Z
} 
+ s) g& Y1 ?4 G/* move to the screen center point */ , k6 R. ~! r4 ^3 f2 X& h8 \
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); ) t( M1 ~$ k- p/ \, }; m5 H
/* create a message string */ / j+ t% s3 o4 h: O* H( \
sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 
) X. c5 \" V7 |3 C8 j/* display the message */ 7 [2 [& g- Q2 P0 K
outtext(msg); 
- p( }0 E& `# E% D2 u; A/* clean up */
/ Z5 H$ l+ d ~( ~- e8 S# ugetch(); " n! d# F6 z- l3 O) b9 R
closegraph(); 3 m3 J9 R* _* U; n5 i
return 0; : S) u% o) X' @" O/ i) p c; E
} 
( U- u9 \& d0 R$ N t. X7 M' E; ?2 [' M: s" K
* `0 K* c0 B# a5 Q0 `. P4 c$ Q$ `
函数名: gety 
5 q% I' I9 x: \+ K* W1 D0 H1 K, d功能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标 1 e2 K9 |- U. @/ r* f
用法: int far gety(void); 8 L9 ~0 U3 Y1 P& m3 T* f0 R- ^
程序例: ! q1 L5 m8 S( \0 l3 ] e: L8 A7 o
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
2 A2 c/ ]! {3 G) X#include <STDLIB.H>
$ y( ?( Q; {( K#include <STDIO.H>! q: _$ l: [" g4 K+ y, l) h
#include <CONIO.H>
; A# u) R7 J# P0 J) t8 Cint main(void)
3 M1 ?% c7 X) E0 J. D" r{
! g3 I4 `; o* {* ^5 T2 t/* request auto detection */
4 K) N+ I! _) C" Q0 p% }! y) A$ i, Rint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% |9 y, \1 W4 C. q% i& uchar msg[80]; 
. c+ Q* a. ~! |+ H9 h) \& R/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: ]3 m8 A7 w6 ]- O% iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
# R/ |' n" z" S. Z# S' ^# S/* read result of initialization */
2 c7 t" l5 z1 r% B4 c2 serrorcode = graphresult();
; d7 f9 y' {/ qif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
. A- E( D: K, s4 H N{ $ b6 P8 V9 V3 T4 H2 D
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 O, t! P6 M. h' R0 Y c$ v6 vprintf("Press any key to halt:");
+ j( W5 [# x" L* Y3 i8 Wgetch(); : S- _4 b! T2 i/ o3 k0 s8 P3 h: i
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
$ D4 J) e3 I1 f7 ?} 2 F$ d. ~1 f: D% p m2 r
/* move to the screen center point */
$ F$ ~- T( M2 imoveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 
: [5 _4 v. \5 `/* create a message string */ 5 f2 C3 C+ V3 Y+ I7 L; e, G, X
sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 
7 @& n1 D: B9 q* Y! \; @& C/* display the message */ 8 X; |! z# O+ u- a" m/ D
outtext(msg); 
* |+ R# h* |$ H4 ]' Z4 x# E9 m/* clean up */ 7 u) S8 T, ^8 x9 M
getch(); d0 a; @& y8 T4 K
closegraph(); 6 x1 ~1 V; r5 J% S
return 0;
* Q$ A$ `; X7 @4 ~' S} , O* `7 P4 m+ T- ^- _

8 |7 g& }5 E7 k! h! A! t9 X/ S9 {9 c! n, h& S0 x. C
函数名: gmtime ' j* o B8 O1 t" B
功能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT)
 R) ` ?5 ?" |! _+ l1 ~用法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock); , ~/ |# M' L2 c
程序例: + X% ]* |9 a, o2 Z' i
#include <STDIO.H>% S+ g; Q4 m" V* J
#include <STDLIB.H>( V* {% k* K, v4 a7 V: c8 A$ V
#include <TIME.H>
4 N7 f! p; q v! B. k3 A H9 }#include <DOS.H>
" `; j4 Z6 o& E/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */ 5 U3 |$ @* P9 z
char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; 
* i: H+ |$ t' Cint main(void)
* q. ]; ?( d8 v{ + Z5 T5 ]; F$ c2 w. E" ^) n0 j
time_t t; 7 i/ P* F# [. ^- }( Q- v0 _3 j0 y
struct tm *gmt, *area; & A T% @, r( e+ c& ^
putenv(tzstr); ( U+ L/ i% k3 C
tzset(); 6 \& Z5 Q$ v8 @5 s
t = time(NULL);
, `! |! M/ v$ T; qarea = localtime(&t); # e9 t7 }* Z" }3 I
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); ! v9 H5 C! r! W; n# [
gmt = gmtime(&t);
* o9 }' d7 t4 h$ f+ _printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt));
1 w3 w7 r: A: mreturn 0; 3 F4 W, t, w4 {$ m- u
} 2 O. Q+ q v( p1 _$ V; R
/ v3 g+ M2 a; a9 E

. E) M7 E3 y( [6 V# ~. f函数名: gotoxy 
) u, A k5 U% w6 P) p V功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
6 c$ V& l9 ^8 z6 C; A& z+ Y8 y, P用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y); : \# ~9 M1 M/ K
程序例: 
+ C% j Y0 B9 g* [5 s3 d; G4 w#include <CONIO.H>
8 l# X) F( w' w! F; J/ ` @+ S1 Tint main(void) 7 J; {6 ?, ?2 \ }% b# l
{
: J- S9 {( d1 D8 Mclrscr(); . I N+ w# m/ l* n0 V, q+ p1 ~
gotoxy(35, 12); / N+ [# e2 ?3 r, j- p8 [# l% A
cprintf("Hello world");
- H* r# K, l6 ]getch();
- u0 J/ S0 y( Q# K$ ureturn 0;
/ h" @$ q! U$ F2 K8 K} + ?% T, K2 t0 b1 Y; T* \

$ Z# Z" z# ~' K Q* n
, _8 ]7 V2 L5 `函数名: gotoxy * U {/ J, V D Y8 m& }. \9 b3 T
功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
% G4 V A4 Y, v( u/ |. S用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
! }; d4 _# ~8 {! S. u5 U程序例: . i" b8 Y" f o2 d5 m$ x1 _. R( J
#include <CONIO.H>
2 y: u5 W4 E( l! wint main(void)
3 x4 Q* j9 C) k' I{ . U. a4 n; o* X( i. R! ^
clrscr(); : e( _2 a) F& ~
gotoxy(35, 12); 4 @2 w! W# G o, X
cprintf("Hello world"); 7 L, H( a( H) M. ^1 l4 Q# [& _
getch();
( N2 R' |% P! h$ Q8 Q7 G5 y6 preturn 0; * _; C; D `/ S. n* \
}
7 u' [. `8 K5 X1 [# \
) x3 T% ^: b$ U0 C$ M2 U* F( t
' Z0 }+ O( H6 m) u* ]函数名: graphdefaults 3 @ N3 ~0 y2 A3 h& V( C
功能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值 8 H/ d' C+ A" X; s
用法: void far graphdefaults(void);
# h4 k Q! P5 K程序例: 
. P1 O) D" `. [ `$ O! x2 |#include <GRAPHICS.H>2 p% c3 Y: T5 z$ j6 e
#include <STDLIB.H>( ? U2 M$ c2 F1 p
#include <STDIO.H>; D/ u0 p s, `
#include <CONIO.H>
+ f" @, C) K6 H# a) G4 n% Qint main(void) " I6 m6 P6 a* E% h8 @" N; C
{
. w0 @3 K- `. a6 G, `/* request auto detection */
! W+ l2 P/ B) q1 S- j& N! x4 ]int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
4 t0 B. d: f: U A* |( [$ Iint maxx, maxy; + U5 i7 x6 ~* _0 i1 `' J' B& W8 k+ U
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
5 f O$ ^% e% zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); 4 s& | H+ v4 b% Y! o
/* read result of initialization */ : J4 A# U3 j* l- I
errorcode = graphresult();
. V' U( h, _; A* N( @& P1 @* {4 oif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
7 n* X9 Y0 b0 ]{
+ @9 N" N) r; d; I/ ?& ]; `printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
& r5 @3 j# D. P: J# Mprintf("Press any key to halt:"); * k0 R. o9 f, F! X7 ~
getch();
( C" H j8 A. a$ {* Z) v2 E Hexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ U8 ^, M: q i9 g! g, p4 }, Y} 
! U* e0 }& _: R/ A" d9 ymaxx = getmaxx(); $ E. X/ |9 q( D' i
maxy = getmaxy(); 
+ m5 D7 V* m2 Q& X* R/* output line with non-default settings */
3 l! h2 C) P" t+ T3 ^, h) ]$ ysetlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3); 4 h+ m- ?6 n" h
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
4 l [+ e5 ^3 a Youttextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored."); # W1 ?$ ?( r2 y: Y- M9 e' e
getch(); 
) O& X* a! H% Q: D( Z# r# I/* restore default values for everything */ 2 }% o- ]3 y) A! c/ [/ l9 f
graphdefaults(); 
* Y2 P8 z2 q5 @% a/* clear the screen */ $ q! b r1 d7 S0 e: M' w* F
cleardevice(); + I) O' w B# P) U
/* output line with default settings */ 3 j" Q% X/ O; Q& p3 F% O
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 8 F5 A- N# u6 I" e
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); # k5 N% `% B) M2 w" z
/* clean up */ 3 U1 k; E$ @! Q5 a7 D2 w
getch(); 9 [8 A- G0 Y; g9 N1 ^
closegraph();
$ a9 ]+ U5 ^: ~3 freturn 0;
$ _3 z6 N8 y2 c7 q% P}
+ F1 M" I7 v! u: I& E5 r6 T1 n, H

+ u- o/ d% [9 K函数名: grapherrormsg . `- A9 m% u# N- J
功能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针
+ V* H. y# }# t% C: J2 b用法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode);
4 y& f# o& ~& m" i# a; J0 |程序例: 
! }9 A6 x" X7 y2 P2 Y0 |#include <GRAPHICS.H>6 _9 f; L* b+ f0 j
#include <STDLIB.H>' Z8 ^& ^/ r2 m! `$ s, _
#include <STDIO.H>
" V/ d' P9 T) I! u3 f- D#include <CONIO.H>
" A; }* F; K& b+ a6 W; o#define NONSENSE -50 
3 E& Y* `/ I6 k9 r. L0 [int main(void)
( X" |% R8 K+ {3 X/ Z4 ]{
- L+ J' q( u6 M) X7 H* T/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */
2 E' Q3 M# ?" C- W6 Z" Iint gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; 1 W# V/ s5 i7 B7 T! S* L+ j Y- V
/* initialize graphics mode */
" w9 T/ k3 s7 _4 w& a9 X3 ~! @initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
9 H# [0 I9 W/ E L/ l. O/ a' k" ?! o/* read result of initialization */ . @% v+ S6 B. _& w# S2 E
errorcode = graphresult(); 
! R0 _" _$ L" U# P1 o: G/* if an error occurred, then output a */
* S) P2 L0 Q* ~) Y' L/* descriptive error message. */ 2 Z, w4 ^+ y# L" a% t
if (errorcode != grOk) - ^! E- R+ q( v5 ]% D q
{
/ f, V: K. ?0 w0 R2 D0 I& v- Eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 ?6 [% t8 b; a( bprintf("Press any key to halt:"); + O0 k7 d; N) @. V8 [( p
getch();
$ Q o# [- k Z( sexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! Q C3 S$ o$ @5 Y/ F0 w& r) S
} 
 Y, A- g9 v. q! q/* draw a line */ ! D* E6 X1 l$ _4 i J! q
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); B+ L* w9 X' t! y i! m5 R5 }
/* clean up */
9 f- s& s# w$ d. O% t' ]! |getch();
2 n) W) T4 F5 O0 t5 u# Y1 tclosegraph(); 5 [) M) b1 V( u& t& e j) O5 K. E/ h
return 0; # N8 D) Q, B$ B/ L1 w2 h2 ]
} # P0 v2 T5 p) d3 s$ Q. W6 R
# T0 ]8 W# I( {- |! O" h" D

1 ?' q/ F$ F/ ?/ ` S: L函数名: graphresult 
+ N, h4 Y2 G. I6 B, V功能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码
 d) ]0 w; n% y; x+ e- x! q用法: int far graphresult(void); / Y) M5 i1 C8 p. y6 d
程序例: . g: z( E" V% }8 u1 B4 I( \5 i
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
/ M* W; W. i' l5 T$ ]#include <STDLIB.H>9 Z v/ a- _# ~- D4 b3 g; w
#include <STDIO.H>: r2 H$ V1 U- S4 c' c* v. H, x) j3 I
#include <CONIO.H>* X' p: f: V4 {$ R% H
int main(void)
9 t% u) I% P; p* A. x3 n7 b{ & f! z4 J% y- x N$ ^9 g" j. n
/* request auto detection */ 7 {4 G. X5 p1 t- U' P# O
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
$ Y1 U% E: t6 s; I) {: K/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( e, n+ K( ^6 [1 S8 @% ~initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # D0 a# `) ]* f2 [/ }, a
/* read result of initialization */
/ [2 D* }7 h5 Y- O/ O/ e& a% Xerrorcode = graphresult(); 
9 [/ a9 c2 v9 j" A8 b0 G' E% E. n" Xif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * n$ B! m4 C) N* d: s- [
{ 3 }5 P% ^ i. m$ |8 W
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); : w3 O* N& ^6 G
printf("Press any key to halt:");
& i& ?: v" T0 {0 p# T6 s1 r0 pgetch();
9 X+ x' l1 j% Q/ N8 Jexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
' i6 Z+ u* ^- n} 
- z7 L4 R& M3 @, g3 N/* draw a line */
- d* a% I) A4 p" S8 J* P1 U, rline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); ( q+ D4 h: |& n
/* clean up */ . L. M. E; P# ?6 K+ ^
getch();
9 B. D/ E8 e P1 nclosegraph(); , v* V8 H0 Q2 K5 V
return 0; + c8 q* Z/ P/ K
} & D% }8 a7 _4 u6 q5 r7 _
0 V5 j6 p% u. N9 I* y
函数名: _graphfreemem * S% x4 z5 m' [
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数 % }: L7 ~6 C9 d4 I
用法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size); 9 _3 Q; F2 q/ V. C
程序例: & K' B8 ]+ i! G6 W% F* U- C" p
#include <GRAPHICS.H>0 J! }) ]+ K8 H( @. g8 l( ^2 Y
#include <STDLIB.H>
+ G- J3 V) V, m% y( Z8 ]#include <STDIO.H>
7 h* E5 \+ e$ |#include <CONIO.H>4 [, k! q2 |9 r9 E( H# i* k
#include <ALLOC.H>! g* C) G; z( N1 K( c
int main(void)
" x7 L3 m+ f/ Z) {' l% }) v& H{
2 g9 I! ^9 x2 U g1 V! _. b/* request auto detection */ ) K* R F0 n% R# s, _% b( M
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
7 ~. I( l& Q6 g8 r( H+ j4 eint midx, midy; 
; e$ d& M4 D; E, o& S& u* g0 @( k/* clear the text screen */
! K5 q: Z4 H) j1 M; |+ H8 ~) Oclrscr();
) B% [4 F! D1 s2 v. S, pprintf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:");
# ~' Z5 a3 P' rgetch(); M' b* m: N8 _, N- a
clrscr(); O6 k2 V8 W4 X) \, k; c/ [
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
3 T' ]1 B0 |, [0 L# xinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 7 P1 y( Q: y4 C* z% v) F
/* read result of initialization */ 7 j6 Z: r6 G# U$ e- _
errorcode = graphresult();
, L: z: Q6 H S7 Aif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
; L0 }. v! E1 V, ~7 o{
8 t% B7 P- u: H& z$ _) Vprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
% E6 Q8 M' ]- }. q! F( ?' b+ ^& \) Iprintf("Press any key to halt:");
7 j& l; R* c/ Z4 F3 g/ ^getch(); - b" X3 a; c0 a" ^: `2 j: t
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
1 v1 Q, X$ r$ @' O$ y& M} ) \ G" j: R- n! n0 Z& k3 u3 g, d
midx = getmaxx() / 2; - `) C- G3 O4 `! b+ q
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
8 J: ~# L' c7 V/ L: x* Q/* display a message */
' z- F# i" e% p; H4 Q3 Nsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
) U: c2 {4 Q, jouttextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 
% j$ a: ~) { w0 F/* clean up */
7 ~2 i' @0 [3 H$ [$ P- J% i; ?getch();
; N5 ? j& H: g1 s- Aclosegraph(); . ~/ Q9 L( l# P! n# J4 B% a
return 0;
; a$ g* K. ~! u} 
. f8 X. F# i9 U6 H5 ?8 b3 c' h/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ ( C' R- @+ {6 b- [" H$ A! l
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) & p5 o/ J; l1 t! f% V; a" y" T
{
8 O# n( {8 K2 {3 |printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size); + P+ Z* x. P v# y' q: f {6 T/ t( K
printf("hit any key:"); 4 o7 M- g9 G& L
getch();
6 i e$ u0 k0 B9 ]printf("\n"); 
* w* R/ f" s; ~% G3 ~ y" N/* allocate memory from far heap */
- w* m j% L) |7 E) rreturn farmalloc(size);
0 O. A* y# r; H% W4 a2 J} 
% $ \4 i n8 V: P/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
- C1 C# p( ^( Uvoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size)
) n5 X, ~* B f( Z) s2 R* J{ G; |% w5 y" l, @. {1 e" m" ^' f
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
& D- B1 a& m, o8 R! ]: Nprintf("hit any key:");
* |. C5 ~. G/ [3 t3 xgetch(); ' `# m+ \8 Y8 e) Q
printf("\n"); % t% b) J; L' O. W
/* free ptr from far heap */ 8 $ [4 |( V( J# |' A/ H
farfree(ptr); 3 M$ D3 V+ j* [8 z9 x
}
7 ~5 V! F$ C6 e6 {8 T
7 R; p7 [! g e2 w+ L' R. f+ R函数名: _graphgetmem 5 L% ?: G/ _' X# p" N% g1 N4 J l
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数 + C+ @/ T& ]) j, }4 v
用法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size);
. ]( b. n( ?2 j4 d) U' i程序例: 8 f4 U% r' ~ B/ @- Z
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
 i% F* s2 Y5 h. T#include <STDLIB.H>1 v! `; `1 \. g, a. i
#include <STDIO.H>
0 Q3 D; p x' H3 L! `- g! Z#include <CONIO.H>
% Z* ~0 }: _2 N& `* ~#include <ALLOC.H># K* Z6 C# {- R$ J% o7 e
int main(void)
 p+ Q$ ?, s R3 C: N& s{
( [' L5 h. u% T- f) @0 X5 L# }, m9 s/* request autodetection */ 8 _- r4 c0 ~6 x* w
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
8 r0 e) T* {$ L5 C+ Fint midx, midy; / Y7 s( A* h0 N B4 t7 n1 O
/* clear the text screen */ + W8 C, u( B7 c/ u/ e' J1 ?
clrscr(); 0 }: @$ T U* h6 B
printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); ) @% u4 F" e1 t0 ]3 q
getch();
3 M( X- ? p o7 Z1 n: Y/ rclrscr(); 8 f+ r5 U3 n' f9 `
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 J3 l5 M9 D2 p$ U. e
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 L0 c& x/ m' x" _; o" [% M7 y! u
/* read result of initialization */
! h8 K( O& ]/ n6 eerrorcode = graphresult();
$ i5 A* A& Y& Fif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ^8 u8 b. I/ h2 k( V; c
{ % ^, l" o2 g- j
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); - p/ y/ S, `2 ~; r6 a
printf("Press any key to halt:");
- y' ?+ Y3 ?) `: J% Ogetch(); ( ^: j3 o' D- O/ m
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % H" Q2 w" a9 @8 u3 ~$ q q
} 4 }4 |) s7 n: F' r1 T; t$ c# u; @
midx = getmaxx() / 2; " ^, T& a1 u p2 [
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 6 T, j1 W$ m* z5 V8 ^
/* display a message */ : r7 M' i2 P" K: l) p
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); # ` V0 b0 Y G
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 
; C3 I e0 G& G! v7 C5 U: _/* clean up */ - [' {/ t3 X% K1 w
getch();
7 U0 ]; [8 ]' B) y( X+ oclosegraph(); . }' F |( ?# w
return 0;
/ Q) A f. s/ s* T& q} 
6 a: w3 j% T# D4 z/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */
' R. c( w4 e1 U6 W4 ~7 t2 Qvoid far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size)
& e( P! _$ ?9 B0 Z1 o{
6 @9 }8 j/ [/ n. ^printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size); 6 c V* X! q [+ K1 l+ q7 c
printf("hit any key:");
, w/ i; f% u" }/ E* w6 }getch(); : j _6 p" d* U: }# j
printf("\n"); 
6 ]5 t3 m, o9 D! b/* allocate memory from far heap */
2 F. U9 W0 D* P+ w+ _8 [# {return farmalloc(size);
8 P% A/ N# z j2 Q% s} 
2 g' {" P1 q& J2 d4 f' L3 W/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */ . E3 {. p: ^ T* _5 {4 u
void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size)
, x9 n0 w( g/ m$ p# I8 l- @3 s9 W{
9 O6 a9 e% r% \2 v1 \ Gprintf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
+ q; Q/ s- q" F: Hprintf("hit any key:"); 1 `( \1 Y) d. _- G
getch(); $ S) Z8 b' ]& H7 i5 G6 I5 [
printf("\n"); |6 s& l- m. G. ^. m
/* free ptr from far heap */
) v0 ]' H$ l) P8 v# j$ u- _+ E: Wfarfree(ptr);
+ `( n, ^- A. h% A, J0 l}) n) q& V o S


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