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标题: 函数大全(g开头) [打印本页]

作者: 韩冰 时间: 2004-10-4 03:00
标题: 函数大全(g开头)
<

align=center>函数大全(g开头)


<

>函数名: gcvt 
功能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ 
<

>/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>return(0);
}



<

>函数名: geninterrupt 
功能: 产生一个软中断
用法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例: 
<

>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
<

>/* function prototype */
void writechar(char ch); 
<

>int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar('*');
getch();
return 0;
} 
<

>/*
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/ 
<

>void writechar(char ch)
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}


<

>函数名: getarccoords 
功能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80]; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* draw arc and get coordinates */
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo); 
<

>/* convert arc information into strings */
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); 
<

>/* output the arc information */
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr); 
<

>/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



<

>函数名: getaspectratio 
功能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw wide circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getbkcolor 
功能: 返回当前背景颜色
用法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current background color */
bkcolor = getbkcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getc 
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
ch);
return 0;
}



函数名: getcbrk 
功能: 获取Control_break设置
用法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: getch 
功能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用法: int getch(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getchar 
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int c; 
/* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */ 
while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
printf("%c", c); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getche 
功能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用法: int getche(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getcolor 
功能: 返回当前画线颜色
用法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current drawing color */
color = getcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: getcurdir 
功能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录
用法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);
程序例: 
#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
char *current_directory(char *path)
{
strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */
path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */
getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */
return(path);
} 
int main(void)
{
char curdir[MAXPATH]; 
current_directory(curdir);
printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getcwd 
功能: 取当前工作目录
用法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[MAXPATH]; 
getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} 


函数名: getdate 
功能: 取DOS日期
用法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date d; 
getdate(&d);
printf("The current year is: %d\n",
d.da_year);
printf("The current day is: %d\n",
d.da_day);
printf("The current month is: %d\n",
d.da_mon);
return 0;
}


函数名: getdefaultpalette 
功能: 返回调色板定义结构
用法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i; 
/* structure for returning palette copy */
struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* return a pointer to the default palette */
pal = getdefaultpalette(); 
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i,
pal->colors); 1 ^) Y4 Q5 _5 D2 }* ]9 x' f
getch(); " k5 D( \) g' q8 o5 {. i- n
} ' T3 M) D4 _- U3 e( d+ F# O
/* clean up */ ' k: ^9 x+ _. t ?) G
getch();
0 p, C2 [2 ~% a) C1 n4 ~. y- T0 xclosegraph();
) F3 p# l4 D% x# E' W8 s7 ureturn 0;
- `3 M+ f9 V( @- R' ?}
- f$ D9 q( d. e* t2 A2 _8 l% c0 S2 g# K! f0 r0 M% x

& f3 h7 K/ [% w# }! O2 @函数名: getdisk 8 s9 I" m' B! \( L3 E
功能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号 ( r. c7 N0 M3 _' s$ X2 ~( `
用法: int getdisk(void); " E$ ]. h. A( ~. Z
程序例: ! m; _$ K4 [& ^3 v
#include <STDIO.H>% A3 t# ]0 [5 T8 Y
#include <DIR.H>
$ C) t' H9 y5 f& v/ U% X) y% u xint main(void) 4 s- p+ f: e7 r0 c5 C( n3 @# e& Z$ `& Q
{
' [1 O1 i; f; f" G! B8 _& _int disk; 
6 |! `$ L3 `9 x0 jdisk = getdisk() + 'A';
, A2 J6 r8 A5 s% z( ?printf("The current drive is: %c\n", & z: U1 u. I- }2 C
disk);
) ]& g& }4 r( g4 F7 ]+ |- m& Lreturn 0; , s7 }5 ]6 H. G" F2 ?. l* r4 J/ A1 A
} 8 {% H, r. O. z
/ ?$ ~8 w' R! o

& C7 _) Y, L5 s9 Z a# x3 j, L
2 m+ G3 p; `) R1 Y. n: H函数名: getdrivername % p2 v/ O7 J& g9 A/ J
功能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针
' k0 H3 P; d) [# z6 ~8 m9 X用法: char *getdrivename(void);
0 B7 ?. I& \! \4 i/ c1 R- r$ d程序例: $ t/ |& ^' q) X% U
#include <GRAPHICS.H>7 M" C) q. j" q$ Z7 j
#include <STDLIB.H>
; Y/ X: W S: v+ i& {#include <STDIO.H>
' \8 ?* c3 N6 i8 z" j/ l#include <CONIO.H>+ W: L' o5 S( M
int main(void) $ z9 ~" M/ i$ ^! c0 j7 l# M$ |
{
) i/ J8 `+ d$ R% d) Y# K/ _/* request auto detection */ ' _, w6 |* P3 @
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; + {+ q$ u! N( S% ?" U) X9 p
/* stores the device driver name */
/ j: r& s. B8 F! }- ychar *drivername; , f" a/ n! P F
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
4 o6 b. E" @ V6 a$ U/ jinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
. @# J0 g! F. Q6 [* ^5 M7 t/* read result of initialization */ 2 {* S5 i9 a9 O6 K
errorcode = graphresult(); 5 `+ r" X8 l3 g7 X2 M7 t7 z
/* an error occurred */ ' z5 W Z/ S7 D4 Y9 n) b& X% ^
if (errorcode != grOk)
1 D$ j7 X0 X' ^! q{ 8 z6 w# L. S' q' W& O# B$ ?3 n! M& t
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", 8 I. c! j' `( h D3 a5 b
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
" C8 b( U' b$ m Z4 z5 R# Eprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ! z# x( m8 G' o) _7 U! `
getch(); : b+ y! E+ E+ V' v
/* terminate with an error code */
* I+ G6 a8 G5 [9 X7 }1 J% Gexit(1); 9 h: n7 o% ^, \% J8 E: {
} 
 A Z* R# w8 u) q1 c Gsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
5 I& j8 i" i( w) m5 N/* get name of the device driver in use */
0 E' W9 f2 j: Z! ~drivername = getdrivername(); 
4 M& @: ?' V6 r% h4 g9 o! G9 ]/* for centering text on the screen */ ! X2 p! j6 X6 a" y
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
5 H2 `1 L1 \0 I, O9 J. Z$ g/* output the name of the driver */
" p! e# W. {; _( Q) I8 r6 B& V* Fouttextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2, 9 c8 ]. u! L; K2 x* h3 _
drivername); 
$ O" j: D1 A$ \' `- \ s9 H/* clean up */ ( w( T( C# C2 e* M( Q P4 c
getch(); ; I! q; }) N2 J$ l, R& Q' u2 S7 T- @
closegraph();
3 W v6 m! P, u5 U$ c* `+ Areturn 0; : G8 L% L8 C4 r4 h6 w7 A4 O
} " ^& A" u% u# E; Q+ a; L. d
( H# `2 B6 g' j0 p# e- i- Q
0 b' w! z3 v4 D; e! i
函数名: getdta 7 U, J6 Q' o7 d. `* C0 ~
功能: 取磁盘传输地址 - A: L. M' H+ I1 @' Z' [
用法: char far *getdta(void); - R) N" I: w+ X" v7 t
程序例: 
2 K* H$ Y8 R) b# Q- _! d#include <DOS.H>4 i% a1 c! o3 g1 E p. x
#include <STDIO.H>8 b! x3 U% k9 T }' g
int main(void)
$ U9 B+ S6 y8 T4 N- i; Q& {{ m7 K: n8 g4 n( I
char far *dta; " Z* Y2 u M; B9 x; q C
dta = getdta(); P$ f Q6 r' q9 n# Q
printf("The current disk transfer \
6 ]8 W4 F- V- A" F# a8 Raddress is: %Fp\n", dta);
- E5 v5 E; @3 @8 R0 p- p5 greturn 0; 5 |! J1 U! y+ Y, c5 i
} $ D; U& L; y9 c# E4 X

, h/ B }, b8 W. G$ ^) X' D% a l: y3 ?4 Y) @, K+ h" L
函数名: getenv 1 v' I' r, S9 [3 q! _# |
功能: 从环境中取字符串 * }. V3 Z) U* f$ T( O" }0 L/ s! ?
用法: char *getenv(char *envvar);
) F+ ?* |! h+ t a( g! E; g# F程序例: ! h8 H& q! m; [4 {' N$ ?. i$ \
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 D z6 Q+ w" ^9 m: A# R#include <STDIO.H># k" \* l: I8 e
. l9 R& X) P$ ~6 N1 C$ K1 e
int main(void)
7 n& E0 l! ]7 d2 `( I2 \8 w{
( N' M- R* c k+ |% R( w/ u6 Ichar *s; 
 D& ?! W4 x' @+ i* W' D! Ds=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */
1 e2 E$ y& L6 }' [' e$ @printf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ # \2 n1 S9 ?" b9 ~6 |6 L
return 0; & Z5 I f! z) [5 z
} , M2 | _$ U4 m! k2 k1 b
! K7 I a9 O' u6 s+ o: l

3 {; h9 o% z2 B( p @& E% U# k" A2 R9 _5 z
函数名: getfat, getfatd 
9 {; z8 Z8 ]( q功能: 取文件分配表信息 $ ?7 @ }& f! q! l0 [
用法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp);
 G) x- p! Y" _4 w+ q2 |程序例: ! H1 {. G( }5 @7 n9 I6 Y
#include <STDIO.H># [0 {9 R) s! Z1 F! [7 w* i
#include <DOS.H>- u; {2 \$ V" _$ g0 M d# x% [2 o
int main(void) / E3 Z% D- q2 ^4 `) m
{
) P5 G- b3 d. [$ n7 g2 O/ c8 cstruct fatinfo diskinfo;
8 P& l s, x: J7 [$ xint flag = 0; 
+ M& t; T ~3 ]) n$ Wprintf("Please insert disk in drive A\n");
+ w Q6 w- t8 t' s6 z" f! Cgetchar(); 
* [* p7 O; z: E' Q, ~# Vgetfat(1, &diskinfo); ; \/ r @! F4 b6 b) D! v3 ^; g
/* get drive information */ 
/ J4 w; o; k' a D/ ~printf("\nDrive A: is ");
* \2 l1 O* |$ Eswitch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid) : ]& z" e5 r3 Q0 `8 P: Q& e, L
{ + G: y( k9 J) I) i9 a$ h
case 0xFD: : n7 z7 ?$ V+ }) a) h2 V4 w/ @
printf("360K low density\n"); ! S& O. w8 J b5 i! a
break; 
; D( H2 v7 }& \, K, E- dcase 0xF9:
7 T' f5 v) ^0 [! Z4 g" A# W, lprintf("1.2 Meg high density\n"); & v9 a& @1 w. ^" d+ t+ I
break; % |7 r) Q( R; d2 W) `, ?8 |* {0 d
default: 0 F/ C( V4 U: i a/ W
printf("unformatted\n"); / G z& u) J& d
flag = 1; 4 y6 U- Y5 i, ]) ]* K8 s# B
} 
, @" @* d6 D$ I+ `/ U3 T8 L" @0 J. j! jif (!flag)
- L. ~8 X( U- c( [{ / x; v2 p5 G9 l5 w) }
printf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n",
 w7 b6 ^( d4 s' \diskinfo.fi_sclus); 4 g8 u, i0 M$ u
printf(" number of clusters %5d\n",
2 L$ m1 O! p& ~5 |; a8 g' ~1 A4 Vdiskinfo.fi_nclus); ( F! T( d% g" g& Y
printf(" bytes per sector %5d\n",
: q/ j, n% v z4 m5 @. M" Ldiskinfo.fi_bysec); 6 l/ Q# S( I- M! V0 ]
} 9 l( W8 k0 U+ L/ N) x9 Z
return 0;
+ m5 ?3 [3 w% `4 ^}
, O( s" P- |8 @' Y0 ~; C
* s4 y0 T0 d+ m* U- v6 C- e+ }+ B' P( [, P; D0 b" O6 @+ j
函数名: getfillpattern ( g2 g6 D0 ~, f' B0 P
功能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中 5 a% N! [9 v6 W* i4 k
用法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern);
, X: }0 T" p8 i程序例: 6 A+ w6 ?& e9 C7 H1 Z
#include <GRAPHICS.H>) p0 ^0 H: b" N0 S3 d. R( z# |3 N. Q
#include <STDLIB.H>
, M( R+ w" `% a |! w#include <STDIO.H>
3 N# \& m) f1 h8 t2 O( M#include <CONIO.H>" b, J/ ]: X7 B7 E9 ^$ \6 u
int main(void) & o4 k& ~7 E) l0 a. T6 }
{ % q2 H5 e0 m( u9 x9 @7 J# ^0 ]
/* request auto detection */
6 m! A6 D5 d, N2 n Bint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; r' }1 ^5 \% {
int maxx, maxy;
1 ]" X7 L0 K, M/ R5 v( z+ pchar pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; 
5 x) [( ^% G' `# @8 M8 |9 p/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / d h- L5 H: a% [1 n0 @: P! M
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
6 @" E2 s: K) }- L1 ^/ V+ Q( M/* read result of initialization */
2 T- x8 f V- ^. z' M, [8 werrorcode = graphresult();
. C& [/ r; Y1 I: U. m* ~. u, }if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 5 I9 Q) E1 C" q* W9 N0 Y
{ 4 @* j ^9 a, v+ Y' E" f3 |
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * j' y. j# K" F3 V& p
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 b7 q6 _- ?+ H R! d: E, Dgetch();
& N% M# S2 Z" x) J4 Z" H) i3 o& gexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ # }! I t; m* W! P4 c! l, R
} p: J" x; `# B2 ^( _
maxx = getmaxx(); $ ~! |$ T' _0 Y# \, q; t
maxy = getmaxy();
 t6 ~! t8 h4 usetcolor(getmaxcolor()); $ `+ F, ^4 K' ]. v$ j4 }0 i
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
2 P5 l3 M9 j/ S$ {/ `setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
. {3 d3 ?& t& }% R) }* H/* fill the screen with the pattern */
" Q: c+ b# }" Z- Rbar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); - O6 L! L9 i5 ` q- M9 Z1 M
getch(); 8 V& t% m& |! o
/* get the current user defined fill pattern */ " W3 f- l! H, Q' E8 t6 s! t7 U
getfillpattern(pattern); 
- h( p; C+ e8 A: ^6 j/* alter the pattern we grabbed */
" L/ i' g" K' k: Y/ x Hpattern[4] -= 1;
' j3 Q: O+ c/ p2 h8 Ypattern[5] -= 3;
- D: D/ J' ~% d4 D% Ypattern[6] += 3;
5 O* A* }+ c* \4 G5 G2 j7 Zpattern[7] -= 4; 0 Y& h4 i5 _1 t2 [5 s
/* select our new pattern */
5 K* X8 K6 ~. y3 W# A n7 i. Xsetfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
; \6 `; e3 r6 I" \: s% I, B9 n/* fill the screen with the new pattern */
' f# m/ Z- y1 I bbar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
. I4 R' B1 P# j/* clean up */
, y! C0 _2 z( L! a% W8 T, o. bgetch();
8 s& z+ Z& Q. k8 C1 lclosegraph(); % \( y3 a( w- {9 a' K7 S; d
return 0; % R& e1 y5 Z! j5 [1 m& g1 {
}
# h+ I3 \1 H7 L6 H6 G0 V, Q2 C: M g, z n- H

8 k- F( d, V! }& F3 D+ x, A9 l3 @函数名: getfillsettings ; O- t! {% O- t3 m6 s
功能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息 - q0 _/ O5 E; g& u$ g$ X. e: B7 x
用法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo);
+ \2 x) `. s* i5 V程序例: 9 f! C" U2 v* o" i/ ^
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
 T/ u& _' e( k- ~, ^1 ]#include <STDLIB.H>+ C& J+ h( D4 u3 c
#include <STDIO.H>- M/ t" p* v3 O) \
#include <CONIO.H>/ j3 O: R0 F! i9 H& }0 Q
/ the names of the fill styles supported */
: s2 X0 ]' k% c6 }" U. b9 V. ichar *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
, r5 E9 [( k ~"SOLID_FILL",
7 K9 \8 \( r1 r V1 |9 G"LINE_FILL",
) D3 O2 R. P( x5 e+ A" L- i"LTSLASH_FILL",
1 C$ d2 X% ^. A5 U& p' x7 q# z"SLASH_FILL", ; z1 O" u3 f" z. z: F. I' U
"BKSLASH_FILL",
 D2 _" J4 g2 I4 s! m"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
6 O H* U& u, O/ C% K4 [4 N3 Q2 t"HATCH_FILL", 6 H$ g: u7 h9 P0 a" v
"XHATCH_FILL",
1 C2 H) b* `; g" E"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
/ v. g; l% j1 E7 V; J2 \"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
1 }! |/ }1 _( C: U"CLOSE_DOT_FILL", 9 r, }. z! z. ?0 V
"USER_FILL" & n: |9 @+ E) E" e$ ?- ~) G7 R
}; . J+ O" `6 |3 s7 Q
int main(void) 4 W; B) |' t. E7 A4 D; z1 `- J
{
7 Q. A: r$ v$ @; s) c/* request auto detection */ ) `$ y' [3 @' H: T$ d. F
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
; o8 o y5 H# U. i: d" w1 fstruct fillsettingstype fillinfo; + ~) `/ k8 i/ r
int midx, midy;
% F2 O. E3 Y- _char patstr[40], colstr[40]; # a# d& K% |* A, D
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
* d9 s; I, v3 q0 q2 d4 p& |1 g9 \initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 1 |: k6 w6 c7 E; s
/* read result of initialization */ A3 B; X$ X. p+ G! v
errorcode = graphresult(); 4 _9 u k2 N9 k. I D
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
+ x: t7 r$ L* J5 }! \* {% h, p{
/ n) ], o! ]: { fprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 q3 k. R8 z$ J9 R9 Uprintf("Press any key to halt:");
# y' L$ j' Z: @7 _3 |0 P# Sgetch();
: |* A+ [* B/ V: ]9 jexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 K" E" T5 r1 U. A( c8 C
} 
9 w' l5 `5 u( {6 ~9 Rmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
, x, B6 u1 Y4 N9 }midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! m; H; d5 y l
/* get information about current fill pattern and color */
* B2 W, D$ k4 [getfillsettings(&fillinfo); 
1 Q4 P' E5 |; x. U' ?( P: n1 Q/* convert fill information into strings */ ! v% S S! x( e3 w' l) E- i; V
sprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]); s; h2 @ e) U; i, o) R
sprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); 
2 V3 N7 C/ [& O( f* h/* display the information */
% l: a1 i3 \- V* ssettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
5 F6 ^( |5 o$ H5 L) douttextxy(midx, midy, patstr);
4 v$ S+ H+ D) g& |7 x3 w7 a% Z7 Y! ~outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); 
) e( P L5 j5 f) S- j2 \3 ?/* clean up */ " {5 [4 x! l1 W2 | F% e4 m4 g
getch();
( X: J/ [: C u+ W W' P6 Y) jclosegraph();
return 0; ( {% h8 ^* O Z; D& n, G
} ( g, L6 H$ y; y# [4 s) e

% w9 G5 p) u V7 C$ V( g( Q8 N1 V' u4 J0 ]- n" K9 ~

- I) `) Z }1 O! l9 N/ F0 d函数名: getftime 
6 N0 h8 e# _6 a& ]. [" j6 i' b功能: 取文件日期和时间 / U, r( i' N0 p( x
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); 1 H3 W; B* v& [/ U% c9 b$ J
程序例: " ?$ B( T! T. H9 M- w
#include <STDIO.H>
) d$ ]% e! P2 r3 N0 k#include <IO.H>' @; |% x' U) D) f
int main(void) ' p% w( o7 b+ q! s1 M+ ?
{ , a* x' b9 y+ _! }9 A2 x, V$ I* ^
FILE *stream; ! l+ e4 x/ l! P# G% K. o
struct ftime ft; 
3 j. t% f6 f( R) d. Fif ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", % C7 N' P& i8 h* L
"wt")) == NULL)
5 `2 h8 p1 e0 y& o. X7 r& j% v' E{ ! @! b& D: o* D' d6 ?
fprintf(stderr,
0 o: G* h) n- U1 G; R" ~8 W"Cannot open output file.\n");
( G- R \! k4 }1 o; A7 P! ]return 1;
$ F9 |, n! i2 I4 U} e+ E7 @; W/ ]& I
getftime(fileno(stream), &ft); / H9 G2 T |0 M' M; ?
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
* i/ t* n0 ^8 N2 [0 t6 y, Xft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min,
1 }* X7 {8 b: cft.ft_tsec * 2); * O2 D9 W# m1 g7 E) I7 [, a/ C
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
+ N' K1 d" b5 s. ~ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day,
" I( _& e7 b+ {( [; o6 C4 N# ?$ [ft.ft_year+1980); % |/ W' ?" c6 F; C% a7 x: h5 ?/ y
fclose(stream);
8 p% g( [5 z3 ^7 r P$ f! vreturn 0; + E* ~/ k; I( F
}
 H$ {! r. f0 |# w, K4 X
$ _& F9 k9 a, W w4 k7 ]% s6 {! \. K. M
3 A3 |. ?8 ^' ]; Q ]
函数名: getgraphmode 8 S# V4 Z: x6 y7 Y2 F
功能: 返回当前图形模式 6 v/ R6 A) M9 m
用法: int far getgraphmode(void); 3 {7 f- R9 n+ R
程序例: 
" w$ ]8 N# b! J: v7 s#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# C. m M. f& h& J#include <STDLIB.H>
. L* K' d3 |3 Q m2 s#include <STDIO.H> X% N: A* @0 @
#include <CONIO.H>
 _' K& l: A7 L+ r. N" U) Bint main(void)
3 h- d6 J( X% L# v: _9 n! V1 g{ , A- o2 F: a* x. n' L7 ~
/* request auto detection */ ; e$ s. v# p' Q+ E
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
" W1 t0 k: D, a4 cint midx, midy, mode; ) S- S6 Q# `5 e) Q
char numname[80], modename[80]; 0 k3 _5 S- q5 d2 O) s
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
 V0 _2 g+ ]/ p& minitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); . ~6 n+ a4 n" a; c6 F3 B+ p2 ^9 C+ ]
/* read result of initialization */ $ R: P" U$ D6 t* ^6 x+ R3 w9 Z
errorcode = graphresult();
0 H3 f/ h' g& a. l/* an error occurred */ + u2 x$ E7 Z3 x( ]
if (errorcode != grOk)
% @7 q9 _) F, e/ r0 _7 ?" O1 Q{
; l' c0 s- W0 pprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", 3 `% R) J" ?5 z/ v$ D: M5 F5 k9 Q5 f
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 6 {% u) q3 t" p- _. ]
printf("Press any key to halt:");
! l& O* X( U- h* q2 \9 N W# ogetch(); 2 e5 m- C+ N3 F4 K
/* terminate with an error code */
9 S* k5 z/ B9 z/ l7 c4 V, p, aexit(1);
6 J5 U5 _. T- Z3 L2 n} 
- n3 S$ i- `' y% ?5 kmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
+ g! f, G2 v7 O' ]4 V3 Y/ omidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
5 Z/ X" x) E. r- x. [* p/ \. A% \/* get mode number and name strings */
9 a/ k4 S# f) \mode = getgraphmode(); / P2 u {8 s1 d% N
sprintf(numname,
. r8 p' y6 X! d% H' R0 h, ~1 K"%d is the current mode number.",
/ F l+ G, G$ B2 `mode);
$ [! o4 b5 ~) @/ v/ a# m0 Jsprintf(modename, 3 R, N, P: C7 z% U. w `" S
"%s is the current graphics mode",
: P. N% ]1 e" K" j- `* Ugetmodename(mode)); , T! l% X$ v( d2 S
/* display the information */
8 N! ]# n; @9 }/ e7 ?settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
5 w4 x( X6 l% P! V' Y5 W, Nouttextxy(midx, midy, numname);
* q- d* |* A: o1 N# Gouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), $ q' ~1 M7 }, H, Z5 G
modename); 
! m7 V5 s7 U' K' {. W4 K* R) C/* clean up */
& _+ U- y8 z% h; C* sgetch();
' q% u* j! w) X, M# h& uclosegraph();
, b: S( D; K; l# {1 S4 g1 I4 [return 0;
/ r3 y% w& e' k+ p+ [} 
+ Y: O0 y6 {) }4 C Z. B9 e5 F. O- s7 ~5 y

; J# D# `# y: r7 N函数名: getftime 7 \* G5 k! f+ z" I2 V4 ?
功能: 取文件日期和时间 - H% b' J) W6 M. @
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
8 h) P' V, _+ P' P8 ^程序例: ( E7 @1 C+ L. [8 D# K/ q3 k8 |
#include <STDIO.H>! P% z: b' `9 A$ }/ ^* B9 v
#include <IO.H>
3 _5 R9 P6 T4 ]: D5 Tint main(void)
- T, v2 y$ B) h, @3 Q3 [' p0 H{ ( z5 l. u0 z0 H2 x% a; r7 l* V7 Z
FILE *stream; ) _% g* Y! V% }& m+ z" Y
struct ftime ft; ; u; I L- w- B! x5 D% E1 ?
if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$",
6 b. A4 i* S D"wt")) == NULL) - i% ~! A( m1 a1 O$ c0 ^
{
$ N' D" x9 c+ p3 k5 Vfprintf(stderr, ; b! n9 p% ?! }+ X0 u9 z
"Cannot open output file.\n");
0 _( K- z- S: a6 K+ v; A( j' ?return 1; " s2 p' k# @' M4 C2 x
}
$ O p+ y0 T! H U @3 Sgetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); ; s/ z8 S/ V# `* e8 u+ h
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
8 i) R, u" l" f& {0 h* l$ Y& eft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, + J+ a- L8 w- l$ h" B
ft.ft_tsec * 2); ; Y$ T7 B6 E5 G( |0 Q1 ]
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n", ; _* ]# o3 Z1 y: d
ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, 9 B+ a; @9 J* d q& F. b
ft.ft_year+1980); 5 E; q4 B1 V. q
fclose(stream); ) x3 Q Z9 F" b& m# n6 S- h
return 0; 3 l+ F8 v9 b: v0 k) d" X9 ?
} 
 {( g# ]0 `* h. ?2 X: a) v, S4 {4 G9 e3 H* H
 s5 [9 A% }) m5 _, t

2 M1 M5 A+ j. u- H函数名: getgraphmode , ^. `, m: v( Q% i* m Y% m
功能: 返回当前图形模式
2 H+ O( E7 W& D, v1 B1 ?$ i; s5 h6 R用法: int far getgraphmode(void); 6 Y3 `# p# ~9 U* `8 Z
程序例: " g7 t( m3 k; c/ h& {* b
#include <GRAPHICS.H># N: \" j5 X: Z- Z+ `$ F
#include <STDLIB.H>" D8 k) p/ L6 ]" {, Z# ~- O
#include <STDIO.H>- O/ x: @6 U' ?) z, f
#include <CONIO.H>
# X. z/ s4 {8 \" x- j" b. uint main(void)
* ] a9 S2 ]( @1 e# Z, i! j( ~{
1 H8 m" o9 o1 m1 J. W3 j6 s% e/* request auto detection */
' d) \8 i# \, F) {( S Aint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
' ^4 \4 W0 \3 P, Y% u5 kint midx, midy, mode; ; S" O) v; {! t9 J; C8 P- m, W7 d
char numname[80], modename[80]; % T. `5 P; Z8 g, o2 r. t
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ) X* i3 p- v: j" N; I- @2 \* j6 W- [
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 6 E9 a& u- V3 E. L
/* read result of initialization */
& O' L, Z G' Derrorcode = graphresult();
1 _* H* G2 K( v7 f$ p/* an error occurred */ Q( w' L" v+ _, _2 D' G
if (errorcode != grOk) 3 N8 X; H# k% j: y1 T2 J
{ ( N& K! v8 p8 ?1 }4 r7 A1 g
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", . Z4 [- v4 c# }
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 9 ^ ^4 M. N- s
printf("Press any key to halt:"); # S& X$ Y2 `+ E) S# x2 j
getch(); 8 d8 p( E5 T& ~4 k+ s
/* terminate with an error code */ 9 C) U# N% |( ?
exit(1);
+ e, q8 }5 _5 o0 k} / k$ X6 u0 s2 ~& C( C& K
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 7 L0 ]8 E/ I |( |3 A: P
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 G& m4 I0 Q. B0 n' t
/* get mode number and name strings */ 1 p6 ?1 w! T% K9 \9 z$ o9 _1 O, a& q' D
mode = getgraphmode();
9 q, p) p/ g- `- g; D* C. ?- a+ asprintf(numname, * f% _# R7 t- Z/ Z. e8 B
"%d is the current mode number.", : _ I; V7 [9 ?& c
mode); 0 |! B+ F2 |' | } s v& x y
sprintf(modename, # j9 L4 a, d: h# @# m' E
"%s is the current graphics mode",
( u; C7 x" u) Zgetmodename(mode)); 
" r' t( {$ A, s* z: A/ f0 C/* display the information */
9 q# t- ^9 h% R& z& W* wsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
; l/ ^% z4 p8 Q( G; E! P6 douttextxy(midx, midy, numname); 2 r+ d/ T/ Z9 k- {
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
/ U5 K* N% \5 H% cmodename); ' U6 x! ~' N! S3 y: h5 d4 y
/* clean up */
2 E2 X# E2 a& [getch(); 6 `' H2 Z% F4 s9 {
closegraph();
" d- @9 e4 h0 D% }# i- s5 X$ xreturn 0;
9 t5 b! D, A5 o- Q9 w}
% Z5 z2 _4 n, E& C5 Y- A$ B! x- a1 E1 y

* V H+ x p- s3 ]$ H5 {" X8 b函数名: getimage 
' D) y% f9 E7 j( `功能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中 # _0 `. {1 F3 w" v. L# G( x
用法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, 5 i7 U: H/ Y: f! m5 B& l) b
void far *bitmap);
+ o! k9 k# x4 q [( o8 J6 W2 m程序例: & t! i* `9 z! M" U/ l `1 N
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
6 }, W' _" s7 ~3 h5 D3 `' D#include <STDLIB.H>
3 J2 B* ~$ b; ?( Z#include <STDIO.H>- M- j: d& E, f0 A9 y% T! _$ U+ v) l
#include <CONIO.H>7 i1 w: y/ s2 }5 B
#include <ALLOC.H>, o5 Y9 }, i: p1 t' a1 m
void save_screen(void far *buf[4]);
) O3 t' H$ ~/ E! N+ R$ q' kvoid restore_screen(void far *buf[4]); 
" |& s6 T g# {5 qint maxx, maxy; 
 P) R! J0 p; k$ ~1 Zint main(void) - P+ ]3 A2 X" Z
{ . t @% S8 O0 ?+ Q; N6 g* ^8 d
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' c9 s2 B2 D9 x) z% v/ U
void far *ptr[4]; 5 G% B- B; `5 R
/* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */ 2 [' ?; j5 |4 h& q. W# l
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 t( x" M, o# d8 t- l1 ]$ r& E
errorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */
& ?6 d9 e* r5 ?% i1 j' f. jif (errorcode != grOk) " o* N1 q2 a& H C7 w
{ / r, J! i$ W9 R# L/ B: L
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 |& h* V' W* T) V6 iprintf("Press any key to halt:");
" p) U- V( p& Mgetch();
1 g7 D u; K, _/ p cexit(1);
2 i0 f5 N! y0 t# S}
. Y5 P8 V' s1 e3 Y: imaxx = getmaxx(); ( ~3 z6 c/ z# t7 G# G
maxy = getmaxy(); 
; c, x- t' D: g/* draw an image on the screen */ 6 [6 Y! k9 z3 J
rectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy); ! Z0 x- G6 W9 f; l# @
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
, c4 X- \4 x) f! m/ \line(0, maxy, maxx, 0); 3 Q5 ~3 A( V; O& \' g- k
save_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */ 4 x) ^$ j3 `. c, G, _# @0 B/ y8 S
getch(); /* pause screen */
' E$ i7 ?8 g) m2 ~3 |( ocleardevice(); /* clear screen */ ( d& l0 @+ [! P. K
restore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */ 3 V) J, S9 o0 i" }" E
getch(); /* pause screen */ 
$ v3 h q: I' o! Mclosegraph();
. m0 \7 i5 O( ~: Areturn 0; - t! J! j4 D5 @( ` E- e; B, U* w
} 
: C( i6 l/ Y9 p/ h1 _4 Xvoid save_screen(void far *buf[4])
* V% ^: H/ k1 F; m2 d3 i( G, {{ 5 b* N$ p3 w( _3 b* C
unsigned size; % g5 W0 ^8 }) s" s- e: t& q
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 
( z6 M& N$ e+ `! vyincr = (maxy+1) / 4; . s6 ]* {+ X# M
yend = yincr;
; l- N* |6 N9 [2 h" fsize = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ ( g5 R0 P2 U$ ~5 I5 N
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
4 _4 J# p* \7 R* ?: f+ |{
% k* a# ]1 [* x" J3 i* K: \, Lif ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL)
4 C0 r& d8 w* c{ 4 Q5 u8 H3 Y# e; D
closegraph();
 x u+ d7 ^4 W, Z& M# \printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n");
" K& Z5 L1 @' Y; I& zexit(1); 4 R* z, U" b+ \) r
} 
& S6 K, h' w. d! q6 u. T% P' egetimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
7 ]( Q6 t6 g# ^+ y; @ystart = yend + 1;
6 s( [; k2 M& j! C' hyend += yincr + 1;
5 u3 D I( E7 v( X}
/ E4 I% z; l9 Z; X} . p, T# e6 n7 y" r5 A! f
void save_screen(void far *buf[4]) . f8 ~0 [( B! o7 C7 E, V
{ ! t! R1 w! E5 ]0 ?6 u. D4 d/ I
unsigned size;
1 A+ d$ d; s2 }int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; / V2 S& ]9 g9 x
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; # u& Z) _! `5 g0 J1 p
yend = yincr;
- F! [3 M& K1 m) xsize = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ 
1 c, S; l, T& w) Qfor (block=0; block<=3; block++)
: I+ m% B+ a& h' c3 [, }( a{
3 D; ^3 Y# b, m; \: X5 tif ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) B P4 G* t% n9 o2 k0 Z
{ " V) U2 }: m) i
closegraph();
8 W. E, {! Z. {5 O7 b" c& I6 S8 Dprintf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); - T1 q: h% z( j* ?& N0 X
exit(1);
& l+ S" o; v- y9 ]2 [7 g, u} ) E& U6 Q& J9 R8 V
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
/ X* ~( i0 m9 V: ?& j4 Tystart = yend + 1;
0 V/ h6 c! u# q! p9 Vyend += yincr + 1;
# h/ X5 O/ S/ [8 M4 B6 T}
 c6 Q z2 l z} 
0 H; y% f) z+ Pvoid restore_screen(void far *buf[4]) / e- M. ~ Q% G
{
, c1 l S, F& V% y' ?5 ]3 _! K; {; Kint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; - R- v _4 n" ^9 \
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; # s4 L3 i9 w7 q: E: l& V
yend = yincr; ! k# b6 [1 q$ d$ f; f8 P6 y
for (block=0; block<=3; block++) ) c9 i) [& k& ~5 H, g: h: t) j
{ 6 a' D6 p: d4 u3 ~ Z& J
putimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT);
0 Z% x0 C' M& [+ i! p3 l( {farfree(buf[block]);
6 g- e2 L8 ?% R4 s. o9 Y8 x" yystart = yend + 1;
8 d/ [" Q+ B1 K; x( A4 z$ g% ~yend += yincr + 1; / p' |! y5 R. l- ~1 ]& C9 k
}
3 b: X# D6 W3 Z d} 
' _! i: t8 S3 V7 x, F+ h
9 J( |( O- x# f3 Q& J0 @& C- {
7 l: U8 I7 S& i' E函数名: getlinesettings 
* l- ~% [, n0 u. B% P6 D功能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度 1 @, \) c4 ]( x2 Z
用法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo):
3 ^- d/ L# C G0 }程序例: # V' ^+ W- j0 A) D3 V3 b
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
3 {) u9 P1 _9 x& V6 [#include <STDLIB.H>0 t% ]% l: H" {4 R! Z+ I0 ?9 a
#include <STDIO.H>/ w1 [& H7 V: ]" n5 U
#include <CONIO.H># a- i) C, R2 c' w
/* the names of the line styles supported */ 2 b, i+ a, T* ~; L; z; q+ F
char *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE",
( P! b* U% ^% y& r f"DOTTED_LINE",
1 M9 b: F3 b- P3 @1 f3 h: v! |"CENTER_LINE", 7 g, H" f' K# T1 I# \3 v# m
"DASHED_LINE",
& m# v- m/ R, L7 Y"USERBIT_LINE"
6 K+ {+ S2 Z" {& H: Z}; 
" f, j9 `- G7 B1 Y9 w5 @int main(void) - ?2 \- g4 x6 S- h
{ 8 @) m i9 r0 k; B
/* request auto detection */ ! M; N, b# g! r) w. h' p
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; # g" q6 Y1 P% z G7 x
struct linesettingstype lineinfo;
) {4 |! Q" e* |3 K6 qint midx, midy;
8 b6 m& N! D+ G' }char lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; 
' I* ?2 G* E2 I+ c& f/* initialize graphics and local variables */
# p+ z9 h% r% Q. q" kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , \+ \$ ?7 w( S( w
/* read result of initialization */
# h! s+ z* e$ P9 m# V$ Oerrorcode = graphresult();
: C2 A- U" s: F9 zif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ : X8 B- y7 L- ]3 V( |% d) e0 s2 ?: \
{
% T# h# ~ g: R8 k5 Dprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); & |( P5 w# b+ N8 J% N- T2 o
printf("Press any key to halt:"); & E p3 R; W, E; m8 D! g8 \
getch();
. }6 A+ ~5 O7 C' ^# Texit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 ~7 ]8 ]8 E' q3 _$ q
} # r) f# z; f) ^8 {$ q- d; A8 J
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
& ]) X6 {; U4 q6 t7 h/ zmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
3 F2 l; ]. F4 J; G/* get information about current line settings */
0 b$ G! D. P3 D; xgetlinesettings(&lineinfo); 2 h. v# Y9 k M; y' b3 K: h
/* convert line information into strings */
4 P0 Z6 T( z4 q' Esprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.", 5 c, E, Z$ Y! a1 w1 `$ R
lname[lineinfo.linestyle]); : ^& I5 W y- m* T) A! g
sprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.", . U# Y5 t! ^: z+ X4 ^1 B$ t
lineinfo.upattern);
$ U6 g0 Q4 l6 ^$ Tsprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.", $ F- g, _) d* C- o8 q/ `& J# Q
lineinfo.thickness); ; A+ [" h3 O, d) \+ t- ^0 `
/* display the information */ 7 K M# Y) z0 x0 c- b8 O
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 1 u: l6 _* k& V a9 E$ P: B
outtextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); ( G: Y, o% { |, x$ ]2 M7 _0 Q
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern); 9 x* Z8 S4 P8 B5 r
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); ' X$ d" D: }! D4 a; ?8 b4 V; T
/* clean up */ 8 R4 I1 {, ]' n1 _
getch();
8 Y/ m& Y2 D `. p2 h/ E9 K+ xclosegraph();
- T$ \; u% J1 p# ^, m# ~9 kreturn 0;
8 n# k2 T. i z# E q} 7 }5 p; Y. D9 S
. o' _. Z8 M0 z
, y, N9 w. w6 t& B! D" ~$ s5 _7 ?
函数名: getmaxcolor 
6 K; Q8 B7 V* i% R, J; t功能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值 ) r) }' y, S3 c
用法: int far getmaxcolor(void); : I+ Q8 n) Q e5 h
程序例: 
; I+ z3 d% y. s8 i! r#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- o( z3 ^- C0 r0 j- B, [' T# |#include <STDLIB.H>: m. K2 h8 m+ u& C# g( L
#include <STDIO.H>
1 \" o' F' J( Q4 i j9 o#include <CONIO.H>
9 i% R3 s0 ]$ {8 [- `int main(void) 3 e, u2 T. J1 I/ T$ N8 r& v
{ 4 b/ N& E3 e& p5 Z# \* T
/* request auto detection */
& `2 U3 }; `/ O3 ~$ ~4 ?2 gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ S6 i3 t6 S+ Q
int midx, midy; ; e k& j7 r* O% r/ m7 [
char colstr[80]; 
; z( i4 {' {: k6 q M- f1 g/* initialize graphics and local variables % i- J+ E9 l. j" Y) k
*/ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
$ r, k% l' W2 b* {5 k0 F/* read result of initialization */
/ O) x; k5 A) K# T+ e$ R4 [errorcode = graphresult();
/ c M9 b9 ]- P' ]+ H. x* _if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 2 w- `9 G# R& u5 O: _9 s
{
3 ~. Y* H: K. T- ? @1 s! Q" Gprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
9 P. ?* K2 |( X$ O7 R" X! nprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 5 _0 u0 y2 T5 A$ Y8 C
getch();
% e6 h6 `, E* Z' J8 E; ~exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 0 N" n0 F- P2 F. C& {" F
} 
: n; b' P1 V# R$ ?2 q+ I: Hmidx = getmaxx() / 2; ' ^3 r0 H5 W% S6 ?6 G, R
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
" @5 ?$ W3 E1 n/* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */
0 _+ T2 g" U5 O/ i, r$ Asprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); 
3 x) H% N, l0 f+ b7 e' a' |- p/* display the information */ g t& o' E8 [( K2 l4 [# \% {2 r. B) r
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); # m% M$ O+ h3 E+ `- i& z6 H
outtextxy(midx, midy, colstr); + f2 R! U: z! A
/* clean up */ , _- l! X5 l1 E9 V' `* Z: x
getch();
; j$ s! I# j: lclosegraph(); # {% f2 ~2 N; X. u0 B0 G/ A
return 0;
, L' c+ d! p: t8 ]- R} + l5 Y0 V2 s1 B
6 M* V* Y( K: K* ^$ c, z- p C

4 |) c' _! C( r Q) Q) S
. k0 Y3 R4 p6 e6 I+ S9 t" x函数名: getmaxx & C) p& b# s6 j$ Y- B
功能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标 / u) ^, g! D3 t4 ~, z
用法: int far getmaxx(void); / x" I1 \( z; ]
程序例: ) I8 _8 c+ c+ E& Y C: r" ]
#include <GRAPHICS.H>! R+ M2 S6 |) Y, j4 J% v' R
#include <STDLIB.H>
% \/ l9 ?8 ^' u#include <STDIO.H>
* ~2 l$ S! F2 t4 t: T#include <CONIO.H>
& b1 D- r3 `+ H0 a( y% _ Jint main(void) ! W! m4 X: p8 I
{ $ L& D# v7 E& ~- c( {
/* request auto detection */ 0 J4 i' k2 p$ j& D! |
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
' H& j% Y' ]3 {6 p3 i8 V P0 m, lint midx, midy; ' |9 g7 o3 z, n- O' ?/ {
char xrange[80], yrange[80]; 
6 n8 V& o. h$ C' I5 W& F2 {/* initialize graphics and local variables */ % N0 Q: Q l& p" Y6 v1 V
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); . l9 A5 |: q- r% p* y( O1 h
/* read result of initialization */ 8 o m X1 Z- z- e( f! J, u0 U5 V
errorcode = graphresult(); ! ~4 A& Y. Q# y9 L' w7 r
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
2 E3 x% K! p, @& b7 S* [. l{ 2 K) W9 u" N9 o+ m) R: v- F% _2 ]6 B
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
& D+ o: v: Z0 L* d+ H, s0 h! Pprintf("Press any key to halt:");
+ Z& y5 b8 ?# e' P2 H! H7 j- [getch();
0 {9 l# ~+ |" [' B8 h- M% Texit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ & f0 u2 v# h% @ T& f/ w9 U7 g" N
} * g, h( k* X- R+ {! Z, W
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
/ Q w/ ^2 I4 ^midy = getmaxy() / 2; 7 U4 {, X7 Y* Y* F# h3 B9 [
/* convert max resolution values into strings */
$ P# P1 J4 ?5 L: z# Psprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
8 F1 B6 Q$ T! z0 w$ Nsprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
! M" l: T5 ~7 g, g" V l, m/ j/* display the information */ % M# j+ v) M6 l& Q4 N* a+ {6 p5 H8 g
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); " |2 V: @$ m' d
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange); 2 z+ T* L0 } _
outtextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); , G: I; d. n$ [8 t9 t
/* clean up */ 7 i! N! _2 O+ h4 U. a" ^
getch();
! u$ j- u: y8 n, z7 f* G3 Rclosegraph();
; T; G/ ~* I: i# C8 p8 areturn 0;
' ]& ^+ d1 W5 w+ I: `- e}
1 }5 z) X' U4 s) b' J- }) i2 L5 H6 Y% i: @( j1 M* C
: X' T( u1 u/ A9 k3 f; h, T6 f
函数名: getmaxy 
 S; K, a& T5 ]- F, K9 \功能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标 1 m$ W3 q- u; C7 q- A
用法: int far getmaxy(void);
- r# p* n' m1 h/ S. v+ v程序例: 
* x( f% |7 B# M# [4 h' }#include <GRAPHICS.H>
7 ?$ s" j& [: w( z#include <STDLIB.H>, z6 I/ M5 \- ]4 k5 U
#include <STDIO.H>! P& A2 Y. s0 s. |
#include <CONIO.H>
$ l- s' u! d& Dint main(void) + @+ [- S5 M+ c9 _
{ - ]) D5 ]! q% ~, R
/* request auto detection */
2 p; V: _ u' F& e8 K$ [4 X' tint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
& Y3 M$ ~4 J0 x! e7 g) V7 Eint midx, midy; . X& H0 ?. U5 W3 p) ~: e+ n
char xrange[80], yrange[80]; 
4 g3 }3 Y# X6 e) x! W/* initialize graphics and local variables */
 M" v5 @6 @3 Q% T' v8 }" p8 h, uinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ) v, k/ @' i8 [
/* read result of initialization */
7 V. Z: I" [/ V! Gerrorcode = graphresult(); / F# n* I5 i5 o. u8 R5 y& d
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 p+ {; f3 i9 c{ 4 u j0 X& L- h+ q8 I6 f
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
$ D: C$ j f9 J% o# Pprintf("Press any key to halt:");
8 S ^' X O4 ^2 @4 e/ v9 Ngetch();
1 o/ o4 a8 [ `( Iexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 b4 H8 j6 M. k$ z; \} 
: N7 a7 c3 d1 b! g/ i) [midx = getmaxx() / 2;
: U2 s; o% F& s. N/ i8 Ymidy = getmaxy() / 2; ) N0 j: e, B, [. C5 y$ w0 l, k
/* convert max resolution values into strings */
6 z4 A# K- @ J% S# O e. v9 @sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
5 ~, K$ V* f6 J; k% _1 Fsprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); / P# e- ]6 k& A0 }* v# \
/* display the information */
& j, T, j9 o+ r+ q8 Rsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 7 @, b& B y# m. S0 @
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
% g& }3 I! Q6 f4 v f7 f$ _& Mouttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); $ n J+ A* T! B! n% v. _! C
/* clean up */
# a0 n1 {% I% z1 @( `, s, }getch(); 5 I. D% I! U5 ^% n7 D1 ]" X P% U
closegraph();
7 ~6 B5 h3 h' g: oreturn 0; , B Z8 ^3 X3 Q0 |! `- j9 O1 ]
} X0 Q' z: R/ \7 G2 z2 ?2 n

5 L; i6 o9 B; S) c, I. t5 e函数名: getmodename / A/ f: i1 W* r# W. f9 |8 c: r
功能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针 - \ o& t* z4 M% Y) _! k# t
用法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name); % T+ J4 L3 x: V0 _) Q2 I2 n
程序例: 6 }" M$ c1 D3 R# J
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
) S8 I- r" R% r" n#include <STDLIB.H>
" d5 F: [6 w& T. f#include <STDIO.H>9 j- K9 R: g, U1 G9 ~
#include <CONIO.H>
# C4 N0 x3 {; J* A9 Z# Jint main(void) 1 M# p5 y0 `% G1 G
{
9 Z0 @/ l( g6 v9 o7 b4 M! ]/* request autodetection */ ) K" G1 p) a) j% p v: \
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; & R( E& w F$ q: I6 j8 J* {
int midx, midy, mode; % e1 ~8 l1 M6 M2 X
char numname[80], modename[80]; 5 f4 f% n' a, x8 S" X1 O; `
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ f | A U/ k6 oinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 Y: H* C- a; i( w) @
/* read result of initialization */ 3 m: ]2 X0 g) F
errorcode = graphresult(); ; C+ d8 p" V! i0 Q
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 `7 b+ I1 t% m! H2 A& ^: {$ ]{
6 A! f" a% H6 M0 }5 g7 v0 fprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); : V y: q2 r) `0 f. {5 t( K7 \
printf("Press any key to halt:");
# q( U$ \1 l L5 v. a& Wgetch(); # \$ C6 w' E; R. u% R* \, I( N
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ' S( E3 M$ N* T$ B& Z
} * D% {1 i6 h& ~: T( k
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 9 a+ s4 Q. Q1 D, j9 ~) @
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/ U& t0 F- o4 B( f$ Q+ Y. D' q/* get mode number and name strings */ & V( W% A) U& W% a, m, S/ }
mode = getgraphmode();
$ T$ X/ K9 ^$ x9 l. T! ?sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode);
8 _3 D. v8 Z. ^9 @sprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); 
( K3 v8 t/ p, P! Y! N v/* display the information */
. }4 g! R$ x4 c2 P( X- F$ osettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); / ~& S0 @- l. S m( W* ]
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
8 r! [; c% @/ Y+ m- T+ A: n9 Routtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); 
: f" h6 T; h% b1 B+ H, J/* clean up */
; A( }! h" G [8 m8 h7 O! Y/ E. sgetch(); 9 D9 a! K4 N8 T0 h- b, i
closegraph();
& L1 N+ o7 C; i& M) wreturn 0; " F& l" \( X( d
} 
* H- n4 K. i5 M. r/ Z' A6 }3 t, [" ?1 t5 c3 N! a
4 p; O/ B7 D; E3 d
函数名: getmoderange
, u7 Y4 ~, @7 q! a1 x) z功能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围 0 S$ i+ T+ S0 B% O0 F6 C
用法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode,
- W8 j3 k1 r, ~8 y# g! }% s) T9 uint far *himode); ) e6 P% X/ n5 [0 a% b M, }
程序例: ! S( a0 Z9 l8 L; V9 I, f! \
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- k9 _- l& N: R4 [& G4 S0 [#include <STDLIB.H>9 x2 r$ A4 j- J0 Y
#include <STDIO.H>/ O& F8 a. k! O6 o9 L0 ?: n
#include <CONIO.H>
5 q6 p( m; q; N/ G) w" K& K# ?* \! T7 _int main(void) , R% W( p6 P ]
{
- D& c W: L9 T! h+ T0 m& G- b/* request auto detection */
% D( q+ ^" W) c+ Jint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; . l# h* I. L1 y. t
int midx, midy; : K/ I4 u- w% f; F* d. S4 _
int low, high;
8 b8 A1 D; P& ?1 f( d" b, Kchar mrange[80]; 8 @: ? S7 p% \# z1 a" m+ a
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
3 I! C! P' S) z) u8 S1 J. `initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ( i L, z. Y# f# e
/* read result of initialization */
0 P7 T/ O1 S0 j& ]- }; Gerrorcode = graphresult(); # y+ U2 o, Y0 d7 G
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 7 |6 O. w& q% N+ ^2 B3 ?. z
{
# m( v# W! g5 E4 Lprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); / V6 G2 B4 J- h) L6 r1 X
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 3 G& e3 W" z: o6 f
getch();
% {5 o- p x5 r& {exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
$ W3 X" W! G1 L9 Y: V+ I$ e! ]} 
( ~ D: U0 N& M) g0 N" z% ]1 Amidx = getmaxx() / 2;
3 y4 k' Z: {9 U4 Y3 f! s% M$ |midy = getmaxy() / 2; 0 y+ g9 g! `% C( S$ y8 l
/* get the mode range for this driver */
+ P& Y; N. k5 Y, ^# ?9 Zgetmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); ; l2 }# l2 D9 U* x
/* convert mode range info. into strings */
* t8 c2 v: P' M t, c% Ysprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); ~, q N/ X; Q7 O+ H6 b% J
/* display the information */
& \9 U. f4 v& o1 g- R% gsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ! U; p" R' q/ e6 J5 H& N/ T
outtextxy(midx, midy, mrange); 5 Z1 C2 u7 q' R+ Q. \
/* clean up */ . X" D. \& m% _. C; s- Y
getch();
, M/ a: K4 h0 ^, Oclosegraph(); + M+ H+ W3 C5 U3 p& v; u
return 0;
) M1 M9 M+ m9 y} : \, n1 h4 g0 g. J
1 @) F0 g2 @. ~- Q: M, M

# F" ?1 A! Q( X. ? p函数名: getpalette 1 D4 Q/ o% x- A/ X6 h! ]
功能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息
- p7 A* I/ I' ~; z& u% J3 b! ~* X用法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette);
. ~1 X Y4 c5 o" N6 t程序例: 
: I4 i9 o+ s2 h& k#include <GRAPHICS.H>
! P9 v+ Y/ C; n7 K) c: c# b#include <STDLIB.H>; ^# e6 W0 C+ x
#include <STDIO.H>
! c( u0 M/ w' ~0 U& S- U#include <CONIO.H>7 D: b! }$ H* x/ N
int main(void)
0 F& Z; o4 ~4 p F# B{ " d) K# N1 P) q# ^, S
/* request auto detection */ 2 A" \3 A9 a( g, a9 h0 K
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , Q0 ^# \! I" j6 X- y1 K3 |
struct palettetype pal;
( K9 _: W) j4 gchar psize[80], pval[20]; 5 ?$ o" M$ ]7 B( f k
int i, ht; 3 |3 C5 [3 [6 W/ E* W
int y = 10; 
; ]1 F# r* g7 I$ I! Z' v% A3 ~/* initialize graphics and local variables */
* I/ P7 F7 k) Binitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
0 `. T% D7 N3 x$ b/* read result of initialization */
6 i. X( z- K# S5 ?- O7 Terrorcode = graphresult(); ; o$ c9 Z% V6 p
/* an error occurred */
/ l3 \6 S, q: s$ n5 d, Uif (errorcode != grOk)
. B! |( D1 _8 d6 ?/ ^: T: u! I# B3 \{ 6 U3 A( M; @/ a G. M
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", 9 ]3 l0 t, Q! m/ U7 I
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; L1 Y6 h8 e1 B6 Nprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 2 I7 X- `0 S: h8 y2 `) t
getch();
2 N: }/ L1 }7 m/* terminate with an error code */ 1 Y6 u+ q: T8 c) _( A3 C) t
exit(1); - m( \6 D& O$ H3 P) t x" B1 y- J% n
} ) |! a2 T J4 \
/* grab a copy of the palette */ 2 ~6 l, g- d8 y7 l. {# h
getpalette(&pal); 
' Z5 D/ F, R2 E! _# b" j/* convert palette info. into strings */
9 M n9 s% f- k; z8 a$ M0 Tsprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \ 7 g- o o4 m' p# ^! ~3 q. B/ M. z# p
modifiable entries.", pal.size); 
- o. l' l0 s5 r/* display the information */ ) f" I1 E9 m! c6 _
outtextxy(0, y, psize);
0 v. R$ o" S" O9 B) K0 qif (pal.size != 0)
# B" f; q& W2 k- c{
, L! Q) e$ S6 s( U( G4 rht = textheight("W");
' w5 o( ]8 |2 A6 D; T; hy += 2*ht; ( s+ {- k% G% L* z' O
outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \ ) H' D+ t# X$ d) q' X$ G! F( D
values:");
; a! `* Z6 ]$ s. p) Yy += 2*ht;
% k) U9 J% d1 ~for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { 3 S; t# m7 t' d- y
sprintf(pval, ; U/ Z2 ^2 C _% j9 F
"palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i,
0 E- O" Z- F K2 x# ~2 `pal.colors);
( D, n, _6 x2 i/ Qouttextxy(0, y, pval); ! y. y1 ]' \ d+ E6 }& i. p
}
( R" R2 b9 j: f& {# y9 c* ^} $ E* v: A/ A' L. n; |4 I+ ?
/* clean up */
1 f" c& \) g# |# \$ wgetch();
! q7 M9 Y5 @% S) z7 o J" \( Yclosegraph(); 
return 0;
$ k7 `& Q6 O: A1 X! n' w0 o* Q$ f, u} ! b; S0 o0 J+ {* q/ X, P4 F: P, M

% Y2 L% s, i, A3 { D( y3 l0 X函数名: getpass 
% C! \! S. O" b5 b3 W8 I7 A* Q功能: 读一个口令
7 }5 E8 q6 K: V: E1 }7 ^用法: char *getpass(char *prompt); 0 F2 y$ P% ]; T1 V- h
程序例: 
8 @1 a) M% e. \; ]) G6 J7 z#include <CONIO.H>4 v+ u! v2 U3 u+ K
int main(void)
: n6 {3 M: i+ e0 A{
 p# C. l: b7 u. \0 S' G; h" kchar *password; 
! f1 K$ N4 J1 v( M; a/ jpassword = getpass("Input a password:");
- L' {7 Q, O5 W% m ocprintf("The password is: %s\r\n",
; K5 H+ ^1 r7 e% ^, o+ lpassword); * S& i! K! V ~7 W
return 0;
5 m* M" ~" ^8 S}
, S) d' `6 x z |; S& E" S$ H$ |
3 W$ d' l& i0 e$ S& E4 l+ C

+ v( G# |8 j0 A: Q函数名: getpixel & ]$ k/ c) q( O& r/ `. y1 N
功能: 取得指定像素的颜色
1 j9 y7 J9 a: T+ B用法: int far getpixel(int x, int y); ' Z5 v2 [% ?! l7 x. s ]# {# w. a
程序例: 
5 }, r) z& s. _: w* s' ~4 ^) p#include <GRAPHICS.H>" L) I2 u3 j, [6 k5 f4 K, Z
#include <STDLIB.H>9 J' }; Q @$ ]& ^
#include <STDIO.H>: t/ X, C0 O/ N
#include <CONIO.H>/ R* m8 A6 h2 E2 ^$ p8 u" h
#include <DOS.H>
% J$ S/ D# F0 n+ r$ h( P7 t#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000
1 s1 J) E7 j4 i$ _% u6 o#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */ 9 L% r% J* S3 G2 n# V
int main(void)
7 Z- w3 s$ n$ r{
& q" ]# W, S/ I6 Z/ C" K: s/* request auto detection */
8 E- l7 Q5 B0 M: v, `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 6 ?6 |5 U5 h$ T# i( ?) \9 l
int i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy, ) g |" p$ s8 O: ?% G, Z1 y# n
maxcolor, seed; 
( q. \9 T, N. g$ T$ K/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 h! u% o1 T, ^+ D
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
* h3 w' ~2 l6 u2 J. q( a1 z3 X/* read result of initialization */
# u5 M. ?: t1 Z/ R2 `1 ^8 Uerrorcode = graphresult(); $ A9 g! U, v2 Q0 e% r5 j3 y$ x
/* an error occurred */
) L1 o* O$ {! F+ Zif (errorcode != grOk) ( F- v( a3 O; A! }5 c
{
0 R7 D5 s5 J, I; l: d; g0 vprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", . C; E, `; L, ]' z+ \- W. w
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ' F8 v& `6 |2 h
printf("Press any key to halt:");
 k& `( s+ O; h7 kgetch();
' P% D) H) S; J5 z/* terminate with an error code */
' s' _& n* ` o) d6 z {exit(1); ! e" e) ^$ F8 D5 O' d5 U3 @
} 5 l6 R5 h; c+ c* u$ J. I& m$ G
maxx = getmaxx() + 1;
6 V: G1 e A+ kmaxy = getmaxy() + 1; % u# E8 s6 t# f6 {
maxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; 
% E6 c9 J) N$ N% r% A# _while (!kbhit()) - X$ J# v4 |) N9 {
{ , e/ H0 G T' l( ?. b! k$ z- R
/* seed the random number generator */ 7 X3 ^2 K( i* v4 G8 r7 ?
seed = random(32767); ) _ `1 b2 o) \8 c5 R' P$ r l
srand(seed);
% L- I& v' x- y* ffor (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
$ F3 O* b3 w% i" ]5 v: ?x = random(maxx);
! ]3 v, v% a/ @9 [% G4 Zy = random(maxy); 3 A3 H! ^' d2 B5 ~! L
color = random(maxcolor);
9 F2 u, D4 D, G3 @* F: V5 hputpixel(x, y, color);
; I/ C) L; D4 L A4 o* g} 
( L+ ?5 e2 X5 V* O \delay(DELAY_TIME);
9 {9 x8 q# X( asrand(seed); % M( i- [) e7 A6 q
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; { ; ~6 N- w8 j8 Y
x = random(maxx); " G8 C2 L8 t5 V* M0 b% E
y = random(maxy);
, q2 |3 ~+ x! D. I$ Ocolor = random(maxcolor);
" C8 p: w# V( Sif (color == getpixel) 
1 T# J7 g5 |/ M+ j4 z6 {函数名: gets
' T7 l1 Z( w! j功能: 从流中取一字符串 / ?7 b* C* r) L
用法: char *gets(char *string);
: z, t! Y3 N3 m1 x" Z g% W9 K程序例: 
9 t6 F8 \3 ~- |" z' V- K9 [6 A#include <STDIO.H>) k% S$ h" Q; R
int main(void)
( P% `+ S0 C ^- X6 J( n% E8 |% @{
! F# M- N9 z9 O/ U7 n1 Lchar string[80]; 
+ @, M7 E7 t- |4 e4 D. a* uprintf("Input a string:");
' [: w, F" e/ U5 L6 a1 @gets(string); ( m' W! y/ O" Y' |9 U' w
printf("The string input was: %s\n", 7 G8 m5 S Y r7 l& h
string); 7 Q6 ~* R" j9 h' {1 O
return 0;
/ l/ C- f& Q& T4 x, I}
# g5 Y$ h1 H2 u/ b4 T6 U+ W) I$ m: \
! S0 V. K- ^' H, y$ Q8 ^, b: N8 G3 j6 |( }. `. D( f
函数名: gettext 
4 p7 H1 b9 n) T& o: _功能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区
# c& e" G0 ?( w! b" q. f1 J) ~用法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin);
0 B t4 f5 j' M5 c$ N. Z# }: v- j程序例: 
3 L4 i" R! W9 u+ j#include <CONIO.H>
. P6 T1 m, d; k* H1 H! ~char buffer[4096]; 
, a3 o" ?. B, p( E& eint main(void) ( y! H; `7 k, }. ^$ I' }& o
{ " r. e& z8 z% F+ F0 o
int i; & b# W! Z/ x7 t) F7 o5 ]
clrscr();
4 `- e2 n/ g5 Q V9 r% Ifor (i = 0; i <= 20; i++) 2 y. \: e2 }9 v
cprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i);
5 i9 ^( o( S! ^& xgettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); . w5 ]+ ^9 ?$ v+ j* H9 n3 {
gotoxy(1, 25);
% b% C* }' b* c( q/ J6 a5 ycprintf("Press any key to clear screen...");
* `" U$ u; o4 s: kgetch(); ( g: v- n( F% B* R
clrscr();
8 P9 |- o0 Q( i0 ]4 W! I9 n, Jgotoxy(1, 25); V: H& G B" B4 y+ g l
cprintf("Press any key to restore screen..."); : u1 p$ m7 \4 u% i4 x' v: m1 l
getch(); " C" N( }5 Z0 z4 W: `4 e
puttext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
# l0 T8 h! u- f8 @9 {& `gotoxy(1, 25);
7 b8 n; p9 K% d$ h, \' l6 C4 ^cprintf("Press any key to quit...");
$ U! t/ A5 `' _getch();
, |( _8 D) ?& xreturn 0;
$ }+ p* b5 Z- b1 L7 L3 v) k: f}
% Z/ R% A4 v. d6 \/ n% P5 w/ }8 n' @0 L1 \5 S; | \

: C" \4 p5 P# N! ]8 Z$ R函数名: gettextinfo
0 _; I$ J7 e9 F" W7 s功能: 取得文本模式的显示信息 + c' ?: t+ E3 ]6 F( \
用法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec);
0 _. L$ ~4 }0 Y; N- x程序例: 
; T# s, c# w, R4 F! Q- o#include <CONIO.H>
0 i P) f( B! T2 a; Nint main(void) $ [# @0 X" ^7 I# a2 l
{ 7 V3 Q. S. H2 P6 o
struct text_info ti;
) K5 g- T w7 F' kgettextinfo(&ti);
+ _0 v# |, F6 o& v& ^. [cprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft);
- q- y) `& V% Icprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop);
, r; C" w0 B3 q% T, fcprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright); ; t% a7 X: A9 k2 V& x7 x
cprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom);
 K, X& Y5 M' N0 O% P* ?! L- j7 acprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute); # S4 K! b. m) q5 F$ ^
cprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr); . M# W3 x% I" B' Z/ l
cprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode);
. \7 q3 K. m7 Rcprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight); ' E& }+ g% j- O0 V* P
cprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth);
- x: h9 z9 w4 c! B) Ocprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx);
9 k, | \8 z. T& J# wcprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury);
" T3 y9 @1 ~& O9 a1 V5 P& [return 0; ) j. I- V5 s2 z, h! l4 j' f* [
} / t5 c. U/ D5 I% J; W5 C

- }. p& q9 |2 K: R6 a" k% t9 Z
" Q( h; N( }( [3 v( @8 v函数名: gettextsettings 
" t H5 I+ e) d; B功能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息
) j. g4 u! o! I8 S8 _6 k. t用法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo); 5 w3 D, b! v/ h$ N, E6 \& G
程序例: 
9 f; W `7 y& P! g#include <GRAPHICS.H>
: `$ S8 U2 D3 D" v, v#include <STDLIB.H>$ F; {* U3 }: K5 i) g' a; F2 }
#include <STDIO.H>1 j6 V( f! r& N0 _
#include <CONIO.H>
3 a6 g ^5 |8 r5 G" b5 |% Y7 Y/* the names of the fonts supported */
+ S5 H8 \# R0 ]1 [! S" `char *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT",
; t. E& G2 O% c9 r# x"TRIPLEX_FONT",
3 C: P5 }* N! R"SMALL_FONT", ! Y8 `. }" t) n- A
"SANS_SERIF_FONT", ) S& k5 l* B) P) z& w0 u
"GOTHIC_FONT"
0 _+ I9 @+ f/ W8 k% S; J2 @# M}; 
# j+ ], W# S$ Z1 L- k/* the names of the text directions supported */ * i& Q# @% c" Q) z
char *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" }; 
" W+ I1 U0 [6 }+ f; J0 w7 P0 }! B/* horizontal text justifications supported */ ) w1 F* G+ _' A& s: v
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" }; 
4 p6 S3 Z+ ~6 f* d0 C+ c( f; k/* vertical text justifications supported */ 7 X* e1 y& f0 D! Y% O
char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" }; 
" t- J" t3 ?0 i1 u( ~; X7 Vint main(void) 3 I |8 Y5 Y. U6 Y
{ 4 L* F5 ~1 z8 W9 S5 ^# a: a
/* request auto detection */ , L. U2 V' r0 s
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
" Z% ]4 u2 }7 a, Ystruct textsettingstype textinfo;
# L! F: ]6 y; N+ tint midx, midy, ht; 7 X7 j/ h. E m8 b' O
char fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80]; ! E2 V9 c6 Y1 e2 `, j+ _
char hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; % x, G# i7 O/ p; I
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
2 f" V' v! ^9 ]+ Yinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/ v( F& ^7 @ Q/* read result of initialization */
- g& j2 c2 l+ v' perrorcode = graphresult();
- a* I! s+ E% ?* fif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ + x1 `4 Y+ q o. Z/ l/ N
{
0 ]% U+ G6 Q$ n$ a8 jprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 o1 N6 l: M6 v" a. s& O6 ?
printf("Press any key to halt:");
. p+ X0 p- Y! p8 Cgetch(); 8 y3 f% u6 l. v3 t
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
& o7 F) d2 {7 u M+ P# g: P} & V& n5 C6 ~; e' K* A
midx = getmaxx() / 2; . z% B6 p) j. T
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
7 `. W6 o/ c8 L& M/* get information about current text settings */ & v+ @! B! M+ S7 _
gettextsettings(&textinfo); 2 l: @: H. G; I
/* convert text information into strings */ . g+ m. i; n' D
sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]); ! _; [8 U( {7 d, R2 |/ ^& W
sprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]);
6 _9 U( S* K. Xsprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize);
5 V( X# e$ v: ?$ f5 p5 Gsprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.",
6 m2 q, Q3 U: whjust[textinfo.horiz]); 4 ^7 J4 M( |; ?9 a
sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.",
" A# x9 {" b4 ?* e( Lvjust[textinfo.vert]); - Z& Z# Y( x0 R/ `" O8 x+ i
/* display the information */ % Q0 x9 M& G" t; S+ i2 a6 y: \
ht = textheight("W"); - }' x% F& h9 U) c$ C0 C
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 8 x s, U; B1 Z# k- A6 r
outtextxy(midx, midy, fontstr);
3 Q5 K* E# p% x i" b% V/ A/ q4 o0 Jouttextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr); ) }+ m! t' e7 ^$ A: R* }2 Z s
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr);
0 ?8 f) L Y8 H3 c7 j% }outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr);
8 k! w; `) D$ O: t6 {outtextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); 
7 h+ S; A: R) @- G! n" x/* clean up */
. h" ~: C; ^6 E- {% zgetch();
+ F. I+ W& _" p$ Z+ a; l6 tclosegraph(); $ C& t8 p; I# D# W# z3 ]8 M
return 0; " A; S$ k O( w, \: E
} + {; D0 }) z: Z$ v5 g

2 ], o' c, `: m7 W函数名: gettime 5 ^* k5 j( s( b+ W! z
功能: 取得系统时间
7 U9 [, i0 e$ R/ i2 {用法: void gettime(struct time *timep);
: F. g0 y3 ~1 Z/ M) y2 p程序例: 
: c D# P& l+ K( D1 t#include <STDIO.H>
5 q+ d) t, p7 I% ^#include <DOS.H>
$ h3 }% H- z# T: oint main(void) 2 ]1 Y3 D0 ~" ]4 m, n" J
{ ' G0 n9 N1 t9 M' f
struct time t; 0 g4 c! V- c; q& i- ?8 L3 ]
gettime(&t);
. z5 @8 j; q( p- T) yprintf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", # M2 v. y- a) O5 t1 n% M
t.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund);
! q7 z; `, x8 m- ^8 Ireturn 0; . Q0 }2 ~- Y, N) D7 c
} . M$ _, P+ c' N0 \+ K0 @
% y2 G# F' e# ~5 m( e/ k# m

4 r( f3 x' B9 n
, B; q' X, Y; {7 |9 f函数名: getvect ' U; d7 A! T0 h- k- h% H
功能: 取得中断向量入口
$ o& q) k5 C4 I& ~/ N用法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num));
1 C+ V0 k) @# [+ [程序例: 0 ^; o2 c' u3 u8 x" B
#include <STDIO.H>
9 j( C- Z; U8 i; n) r U6 @#include <DOS.H>
8 M' ]7 O. b$ f y/ Xvoid interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */ # f, x! P0 }# E! p% _% ?: @: H
void interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */
/ \! {2 X: x8 [9 hint looping = 1; ! w) R* j) M3 C
int main(void) ; j( A, X' n% n7 n2 n- t+ x
{ * \% `0 C! j) f" q% _3 s
puts("Press <SHIFT><PRT Sc>to terminate"); 9 v- K& t0 m& [: }. e
/* save the old interrupt */ 1 v5 @ P! r! G! G/ u2 l" n e
oldfunc = getvect(5); 
3 N' l( v E% N! w: g* a( t/* install interrupt handler */
, N6 I, ~) B! Osetvect(5,get_out); 
6 M5 c f7 Z2 _. T/* do nothing */ 2 j& i' u' ]* r1 B* G* n
while (looping); 
) A4 {' m, M4 N- b7 U/* restore to original interrupt routine */
7 H3 ?- j V; p/ D3 Gsetvect(5,oldfunc); 
2 O" o' x8 u, M6 R! E! H5 q$ j) R0 aputs("Success");
7 O4 o- Z O7 [6 T- sreturn 0; . s! x. i4 }1 v
} ! Z s. w- v- N. d
void interrupt get_out() $ K8 `, s- Q- S6 I9 q
{
/ L( i: r* q1 E, o7 _: T( ?looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */ o% `7 c; L/ _+ v0 x5 }7 U
}
+ c, E1 n" H. e3 d% B+ V
2 L" i. z* o: ~* [ M) L% g3 v$ P, K$ s
函数名: getverify 
( f" o- u8 ]1 `9 S功能: 返回DOS校验标志状态 " ]6 s3 F# ~! n$ I% [
用法: int getverify(void); ' s& z( W5 H5 f1 _! C# {
程序例: , v& T- I/ Y) g( z/ Q+ p( ]8 I
#include <STDIO.H>
: O; k/ E8 \- q4 @7 {' f/ {$ l#include <DOS.H>1 Q, I! ^! O2 f( W
int main(void) 0 H6 }& r# D+ o1 G. d
{ 5 c0 _- l" R0 \
if (getverify())
8 x: a) b# F+ c9 Eprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
) D1 M0 p* o% J2 eelse 8 Z8 n4 w7 [) E. }3 } k/ w- k
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n");
6 Z2 j- x' @, j1 treturn 0; . W3 [' K$ M" T% a
} + T/ j- w4 f8 @9 E( X, m

4 t7 N* O5 U# q. n函数名: getviewsetting 
& f* {7 }, y& @1 T7 O& c. X功能: 返回有关当前视区的信息 : A" g& A k, l' z6 s/ m
用法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport); ( y% h! Y9 t; p: D8 C
程序例: 
% s, U( I6 c) g- U% f#include <GRAPHICS.H>
" f& W' A! O% u; D+ ]#include <STDLIB.H>
& t4 _) ^9 j. R#include <STDIO.H>
, x2 s+ O6 t ^+ |#include <CONIO.H>
! r3 B' ?4 {" `9 @, o& D" g! bchar *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" }; 8 B( C9 L5 @; c- k8 f
int main(void)
) f# S0 s' o' _ i l# z% t0 i* c{
& m* L5 L: M2 P/* request auto detection */
# q. X. B* Y; n/ k' {int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , A7 y/ ~& E( Y- ]
struct viewporttype viewinfo;
- Q% l) _2 O, k& N3 f; U+ Eint midx, midy, ht; ) E' Z9 X2 s! T8 P7 N
char topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; 
* R; A- `/ f8 S7 R2 V* y/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: m ]) q) A8 i0 S) u$ dinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 8 M8 ]- c0 F. E8 H" I2 p
/* read result of initialization */ 0 p$ E1 u7 y7 h- S
errorcode = graphresult(); + l, u+ c: d9 P
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ : j8 z6 C+ b) Z: y6 ?
{ 5 a2 t& ]) C' x2 U) S2 Z. ^4 n
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
0 K4 k( S6 g6 ]# W [printf("Press any key to halt:");
: I/ T! p8 y' Y! ]getch();
( b2 m+ F: F7 I& Y t+ Yexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ b* a! e' w2 T a- u} 
& y' m0 C }5 U8 u) o; Xmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
) }3 r2 |4 [" `midy = getmaxy() / 2; & O; {, d/ O$ C: z5 e, Q/ [
/* get information about current viewport */ + M: t$ Y, H M5 z# r
getviewsettings(&viewinfo); 8 \* G, a7 `3 ]; q( f; H5 f8 j
/* convert text information into strings */ 7 _2 Q$ ~* k: X& _0 l }
sprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", 2 b. F# _* ]' }* _; L! b( Z
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top); , H. w+ ]0 T+ S. ?
sprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.", " Z! u' d) H' M3 j
viewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom); 6 g4 Z' l/ N6 f- o& L, D
sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); 
: p9 E* A5 {* k5 w/ b5 Q+ Y/* display the information */ 2 u l `# ?$ |: Q
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
- W5 l; x2 ?) _3 aht = textheight("W"); + L0 ]# G& }+ L& Y" n8 v; E
outtextxy(midx, midy, topstr); - c0 o/ b) L, u" i u
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr); f0 o. E% G! O; a
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); 1 o" g* Q) Z& @- K% ^
/* clean up */ 7 v, |5 j2 T4 k ?3 \. T
getch();
4 N) Y1 T$ \! `7 R4 Gclosegraph(); 7 M* S5 T8 G M
return 0; - h5 G! Q/ E4 F1 w
} C# c8 E' [. n e0 k% b: ^
3 r' D; ~2 I% V- J) `& }: m- o
% k9 k1 [% T6 z+ L$ u5 q
函数名: getw , B' D: o9 p x
功能: 从流中取一整数 / `* b4 H1 `4 e- Z
用法: int getw(FILE *strem); & k7 l9 i- g- Q
程序例: 9 H. P% {: ^/ T! g" V u3 u
#include <STDIO.H>
0 r4 b. p9 M% H: ~4 {7 E#include <STDLIB.H>
. d% _: F" L( G5 \#define FNAME "test.$$$" ! e+ a3 G: G7 h. v( W: l
int main(void)
: k& Q' L% p$ h# @& O i{ , J' {' d% v$ A7 M# ~5 h" ~
FILE *fp; , `" n5 _) ~0 _4 W* S$ Z
int word; ) |6 |- a; w, h
/* place the word in a file */ 9 U% V& u1 V( }9 h
fp = fopen(FNAME, "wb");
1 Z4 H2 U$ z9 eif (fp == NULL)
7 _6 x s" R( i) I" L{
7 l0 F; p! k7 H* w; ]printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); 4 m9 i0 G4 ~& U% e( S! Q
exit(1); 6 x7 Z' t8 j4 G
} ; g. y3 o/ o- M2 D
word = 94; ) {) l( k2 N" ] k/ f, e/ G( e
putw(word,fp); % R7 ]4 z- e1 X& @% _; I
if (ferror(fp)) : c, Q/ h5 {- x' K
printf("Error writing to file\n");
3 ~9 B& k, C8 n, ]else
3 p' O( [8 d( Fprintf("Successful write\n");
# C, R4 H6 x2 d9 w) Zfclose(fp); # P) O1 A) f! `; l6 d: W+ \' o
/* reopen the file */
& n5 N# O1 }3 `0 Y# Q" M G# dfp = fopen(FNAME, "rb");
 k; C. n* [8 l% Pif (fp == NULL)
+ J- o8 ?% [9 _% ?6 A; l% q: @{ 5 [5 J1 y; `3 {$ `! L
printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME);
1 u- h4 b" c kexit(1);
6 z8 c# J( Y. i' D% q4 {7 U} * J* k& D+ b# x( I% j: l
/* extract the word */ ( h# |. E+ k3 M( {5 N! Q
word = getw(fp); P2 t8 B' c+ c) a+ G, Z6 o
if (ferror(fp))
" P; E) F( T% s- o+ ~+ sprintf("Error reading file\n");
1 S( `2 o2 R7 T) Xelse 6 B9 Z) o+ ^7 }: s, X% |' f
printf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); 
. z: |' n) Q* T I5 R: g* z/* clean up */
fclose(fp);
/ s- j; b5 l* Qunlink(FNAME); - d; m$ O1 D6 `
return 0;
( N* ~) l" b" E, g} 9 J; v# }1 K& A* n4 w
, E7 k/ x5 U. @$ A/ C
% ]. X9 V% o8 J, p% f& b) i7 } ^
, C& @: r& i( I N
函数名: getx & ~2 u% H/ D2 S \
功能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标 $ E1 |6 N2 z5 w
用法: int far getx(void);
% B2 p$ X" a4 T) \, l' ?程序例: ! u1 J, i% \1 x' z0 G
#include <GRAPHICS.H>- m: E, Y) y: j: ?
#include <STDLIB.H>- Y$ t& l, J) i) e' | c
#include <STDIO.H>
) ~% d/ G$ u: E: m: A#include <CONIO.H>$ h6 j B+ l, a$ ^( g/ T3 i' ?
int main(void) - D8 k. I! P1 u
{
! D6 |3 g, H- w# V/* request auto detection */
" \0 _/ u9 M' x( \8 D$ gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; / c* J; \9 [1 H9 A' [
char msg[80]; 4 F8 Z b; S* D$ I" H3 u: t* u
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
; F$ J, s. }# v: _initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); & a0 V, x' t$ O8 N& j" Q! S2 s
/* read result of initialization */
* h5 S8 Q2 z: @! W, Ferrorcode = graphresult();
4 l1 e% ]+ N0 K, }6 n8 p: Oif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ' ?0 @% h* A2 y7 ~8 T$ a1 d
{ ; l" J4 x4 F# I0 b5 q0 b- _) `9 ^
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 9 S r& X, B& Q8 K
printf("Press any key to halt:"); $ A, W2 ~4 E& u% x% s" y0 T2 Q+ h
getch(); & `, c4 H* z" a$ `$ J
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
: D2 o2 L7 C$ E$ q# t1 Z5 }} ; g5 H4 w5 d; r' h& M
/* move to the screen center point */
* G. q) M/ c2 zmoveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 7 J6 y( N0 d2 P w. M
/* create a message string */
: ^6 y, k3 [7 R, {sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); ! L9 U* ^4 R4 p
/* display the message */ 9 l- ^0 C6 A5 @6 _/ M4 c7 E( u
outtext(msg); 
3 x* d. T B6 r6 C: m/* clean up */
9 L+ |! d) T6 {! b$ W# h1 igetch();
, E2 a& Z2 U1 [' x$ Sclosegraph(); ; t5 R1 }+ T1 R
return 0;
* F9 Q/ a8 l: [6 A) _' y: }! Z4 C} 
, f: V; u' B, [* F8 w9 c/ C
6 t+ d. h# Y2 n. t& t# {( u
0 ]0 t% u. x& ~! s- g' y& {函数名: gety 7 f9 e% ?) d; [
功能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标
# b/ b; i. M2 D- c& M5 q: g, C用法: int far gety(void); 6 r$ w' T' s. l# h( k$ Q( B& ^, m( m" L
程序例: ) R6 y0 W0 G% T& K
#include <GRAPHICS.H>$ S T' K( E+ p1 L2 H& ?
#include <STDLIB.H>( q" T- }+ \* U+ @% g, I2 L# P7 R s
#include <STDIO.H>( U+ l( D% W: c2 n
#include <CONIO.H>
+ w2 H: \! P- U8 H7 Bint main(void)
$ v7 L/ k4 u+ i# |{ - D; M! f# W* `2 A1 l
/* request auto detection */
9 W! N5 i4 r# m8 ?; L7 yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' [( r! U- Z' z
char msg[80]; 
$ m! V, _/ u" q/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 6 b# A) A7 c3 f1 x# y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
" h1 k8 J- Q+ |3 [( \( `. D2 C- Z/* read result of initialization */
3 S& w. v# U. u3 Kerrorcode = graphresult(); 2 M, y5 s3 A, L( q' t/ [' B
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 3 S" E" [: q+ C" p
{ ' L9 l9 z/ g0 l, `/ o0 p
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, E) G, ], ^' _# d/ Q2 H: Cprintf("Press any key to halt:");
) b6 y0 `: @6 x* D8 f* c+ Ygetch(); $ ]1 S* S! r* @6 W- O& b7 t
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 6 `8 M9 M9 Q0 s$ d3 F' |8 `' i
} , L# R0 k* G8 t7 I6 m7 f- h
/* move to the screen center point */
- S) h' F. S0 Kmoveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); " | P9 s7 l- Y6 M
/* create a message string */
4 l# S7 [" L& k# B% r, w1 ]sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 
8 Q R& V; { x. Q: s7 Q, t/* display the message */ . N6 e- b. w2 s" z M+ H! ~9 V2 r
outtext(msg); 
3 B( n) n# J# a! Q/* clean up */
2 W( L0 I. F/ dgetch();
7 r) a* V, x* i7 m @/ `closegraph(); 4 Y! p& |% P' K. x
return 0;
* J: q2 C. @$ B; ~, \; |} 
/ r5 L, _9 }$ p7 C1 f7 k

( l: O3 A3 i/ b$ }4 ?+ v( ~函数名: gmtime 
8 J1 S: t+ k! m0 r! f功能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT)
, M3 K1 z* W( r4 x; \6 }用法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock);
, l$ X7 y% N' s2 I! ?5 }9 t程序例: 
* L6 E1 t1 Q; p! }3 r#include <STDIO.H>5 e/ Q& ~; f/ u' _( e. L- |
#include <STDLIB.H>& a. e! u' ]8 _ _$ U; s" D) x `
#include <TIME.H># ^/ K; K% N0 D; Q! v' w0 O
#include <DOS.H>
/ \) Q/ x/ u- N0 F3 u8 ?/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */ ) m8 M4 ^ s; G( B- X
char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; 
5 c* m. P1 ~4 _* o/ Y3 L; }int main(void)
% |/ ~2 ~6 j# P( B8 b r) a{
* _: r& n7 b8 ?6 x6 q: Gtime_t t;
' w' i# C$ w) r. q/ b4 D7 J* G. mstruct tm *gmt, *area; 
# g3 l! G- w* B/ n6 e2 M/ {/ Dputenv(tzstr); ! Y$ o) K% ]9 a* K+ ~" L2 p3 |& B
tzset(); 
; P0 l3 A6 k h3 P5 A- X4 yt = time(NULL);
% o2 {; `& f, _0 Z+ a; x- uarea = localtime(&t); " a. ]3 E- Q, T6 w9 S: J
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 6 r9 x! l- \: G6 W7 A/ e
gmt = gmtime(&t); # `" G3 \8 [- K3 f) f
printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt));
) ]. J; [9 E; F4 c% I$ Xreturn 0; : |) p& m: n1 o1 K( b
} ! U$ ?0 X0 ]1 X% l& T( e$ b

! O9 B! D/ c) f. j. }5 ]
# A5 a) r9 l& }; Y6 V函数名: gotoxy ; {; D+ u% C2 k* i& y' p
功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
$ ~( i( O1 d# u用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
: B' X9 [* l X2 p3 R9 t程序例: 0 x% D: _8 v# X' g6 h; t
#include <CONIO.H>
3 g3 ^( o, x7 z; R/ j( Jint main(void)
' N& v: @/ e# Q+ f9 F9 I{ * J! z$ B: R$ h. c3 _+ s9 K9 D
clrscr(); 5 |& O' j! ^6 g
gotoxy(35, 12); % m, G! L( o B* b1 g3 @, @$ w M5 x
cprintf("Hello world"); $ K' U+ y6 j- q+ c
getch();
4 }0 x! D4 F: r8 Zreturn 0; 0 o; Y8 w8 ]# {8 _% T, \* Y
} 6 V+ [! [2 Z/ C# b7 a5 j' s
3 \+ X8 N. D5 q; n& D% C" g0 a
2 n( R3 M. I8 }+ e2 E
函数名: gotoxy 
/ ?7 Z9 E1 `- B& r8 E( `5 i+ C功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标 Q/ V- G8 L( ~* H; S
用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
7 w- _7 H. U6 A7 T程序例: 
; r& l7 P& ?/ \/ K#include <CONIO.H>& P0 P' ]' {4 l! Y9 H
int main(void)
) W! g$ I1 V+ U" @2 R( j3 c{ 8 q+ h" n8 o$ g/ k0 Y1 [5 w* ]2 v
clrscr(); & P X7 r' q! y$ q5 |! a! S4 }
gotoxy(35, 12);
) E& @* l. I5 B+ i, w+ Dcprintf("Hello world"); `- D4 y0 v# P' }$ y! W( E7 k
getch(); s( ?7 B& P- p6 _
return 0; + z: k: P' T R4 v( I( X$ k
} " f! n. U8 ^5 x4 s

 E8 H7 {. p8 S8 k5 H( [2 L
8 p" K, ]& }+ ]7 T函数名: graphdefaults 
9 O" C* l" m1 H0 x& C7 {功能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值 . j! O- g3 p9 W1 G: R
用法: void far graphdefaults(void); 3 d) |8 N H! F( L8 w
程序例: 
4 u* e# C8 e. r- f#include <GRAPHICS.H>! S/ m$ v; Y) h% v) b, V
#include <STDLIB.H>
: B+ Y/ x. [ y/ o& }; `#include <STDIO.H>
9 K) ]. y0 t6 M: _# ^: G2 k#include <CONIO.H>
, Q6 x1 @% e" G2 z, z# w/ gint main(void)
8 o% j- {- c5 K& j{ 5 ~# u- w, _& B. N1 I2 @- ]) }
/* request auto detection */
; T! Z+ N# v7 s2 z$ Lint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' z [, Y- E" f( m7 i% `+ I
int maxx, maxy; 
' s, H% J7 a8 X$ { x& J% p1 Y G/* initialize graphics and local variables */
8 ^" }9 m/ m. s) V; r: R* |8 l# E# Iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); + V1 {4 P3 B: f, v, F7 J- @
/* read result of initialization */
6 U6 r/ F3 G' M/ N( }errorcode = graphresult();
% L$ F6 W0 Y7 |, }if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 5 e& G) g2 I$ P. [( o1 C0 M
{ % A# ^% t- D/ L3 c! f+ N/ ^2 d K# Y
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ! z0 w+ k% p1 c" h) ~: f" H' k
printf("Press any key to halt:");
" r3 z |, i @1 X& ]getch(); 2 c! @9 B6 k I8 h$ W; ~ ~
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
' O4 P% v8 N' S} . K- }( B, \ J, P+ V W
maxx = getmaxx(); 0 ?0 e4 C: W: D: o
maxy = getmaxy(); 6 C+ I8 z& D* `6 M
/* output line with non-default settings */ 2 ]7 Y' v V6 c. i
setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3); - s/ P/ c7 ]! b8 v* C ?# d4 O; @
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
9 q. g( Y+ |0 p P: o- v1 G& `outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored.");
8 N) v. E4 J" A* u9 {7 A9 A6 d$ xgetch(); 9 I l4 r% d& y! s: b5 [1 z$ K% F/ H
/* restore default values for everything */
2 O7 ^4 ~; Q# F. D& ^7 x3 w2 Ygraphdefaults(); 
" h8 ]6 ?3 j& D( J/* clear the screen */ & l% q3 e' e, y7 K9 N
cleardevice(); * I8 u: R1 h4 v# H5 `1 l
/* output line with default settings */ ' N# p# A2 R2 X; m5 [! b
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); ' a) f1 H8 `% x" S# M& g3 J
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); ! }- l) s4 f/ c6 {4 p# o8 F
/* clean up */ 7 \( c9 s$ m3 A9 J
getch(); 7 |2 o1 v3 T% ^! z7 j" q" }
closegraph(); 8 r E) k9 w w+ \8 F
return 0;
' P& [1 t+ u+ Z% L} ( u/ S2 j* v5 J

) M& h/ I! B0 `8 l" q9 C5 I8 \$ `; R' H3 P
函数名: grapherrormsg 
 ?0 H+ T$ t4 `5 c7 D; \4 H功能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针 7 N5 p8 ^" [8 x% l$ ^5 x7 N$ u
用法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode); 3 S- X' l, }9 W
程序例: 
4 q: ]* n, u+ M6 z) v# ~' P#include <GRAPHICS.H>
/ v* E- I( j6 M, B) H#include <STDLIB.H>) J% E; i. Q1 d1 x% o) |
#include <STDIO.H>( V7 D6 }$ D( g! Z0 C% N0 w4 `# m% @; f
#include <CONIO.H>
8 r0 Y- j1 d# L7 ^) B8 R#define NONSENSE -50 
* W4 ~' g4 p) D! f7 Vint main(void)
8 O( ~, U( e7 t% [4 J7 V# l( Z{ 1 P! f d9 H' U" z& z
/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */
9 W3 S- ~! C% `" ^" {2 C7 @: Kint gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; ; g3 F& I q! h8 T- i
/* initialize graphics mode */ 0 J9 R. I2 [* O* t8 l; W1 @6 S1 `
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/ V B8 `- G: D, ~; _) L1 C/* read result of initialization */
0 D( E$ i1 d2 k, q* h! Werrorcode = graphresult(); 
; n5 S/ L: C' }* `: A6 s2 `% C5 p3 F/* if an error occurred, then output a */
2 B9 X5 m, e2 J( `- ]- l1 _/* descriptive error message. */
5 n ^! S& o D! mif (errorcode != grOk) 4 G/ r" t2 p1 u# @$ o: n
{
/ X& C" H7 m' B, V* w$ W3 Iprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); : B e/ F7 N% w" c. J
printf("Press any key to halt:");
 W; B" T; ^4 W+ a6 ]2 r2 F8 r4 Sgetch(); 4 l8 Y {! m% o9 \9 l! j7 P/ Q7 ?8 C
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) L. j7 n/ ]9 y* k- y
} % C1 s# [! _+ }' G
/* draw a line */
& |% u* m2 {4 ]line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
% d! r' ]7 j: G& O/* clean up */
( d. h+ B7 z4 i# xgetch(); ' l4 ]. F# E. L* b4 n' Q1 y6 y
closegraph(); / ~3 v/ Y, d! @0 y
return 0; 6 [ b$ E. V- z5 @" Y# D: c
}
% m4 y& Z$ V' b% A6 O g% D. Z
+ Q( e& v3 Z( }7 l
& E- o9 c: p+ D! M E: n" e函数名: graphresult 4 ~ B0 F3 |6 {; J
功能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码
 a9 h4 F4 j" }- H) S* o5 J用法: int far graphresult(void);
. ]8 ]" X( i0 P. g( e程序例: 7 L! N+ T x% C# `6 H: Q
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' H4 Z, o S* x P6 k- h3 S#include <STDLIB.H>
! r8 V' o) {% M# v4 b#include <STDIO.H>0 J( s/ K R9 n6 q3 o- S
#include <CONIO.H>- ^/ Q' _" _5 a! D. F+ s& m/ I
int main(void)
# B4 e3 n# e, `{
& j$ L# k; Y+ Y- ]/* request auto detection */
! |3 J: a( r6 xint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
' N( G6 d" y( u! T. [% D/* initialize graphics and local variables */ h1 g% ~5 ]; j8 f: n) R" q
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
0 L( v0 H( c9 Q. ^; w" p- x/* read result of initialization */
4 f8 k2 \( R+ gerrorcode = graphresult(); 
% c4 b; K# s5 lif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ & S Z- q# p- b8 n- H; F
{
, r7 ?% E' Z/ X6 Fprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
& |* f, W6 {7 D' w7 oprintf("Press any key to halt:"); & T" S+ E4 N+ T/ K) K. w1 f
getch();
0 c, K/ W" O$ H$ T" y5 h; `, K. Y6 eexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
8 S3 r, n# `4 S} . C$ C5 x; y& ?
/* draw a line */
 `2 h, g9 ], V* `line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); / H) Q0 c4 J/ q
/* clean up */
- _) X: _% B% N8 kgetch();
$ J `" _5 g- d- n" W, Q7 h, Kclosegraph();
& g$ k: J: V3 H) g* W$ Creturn 0;
% E5 ]& U- U1 `! r& v. S- n}
4 L; T* \7 u5 T+ F2 Y* _) T7 |
; W0 _) I# i. {' E9 L, @) z函数名: _graphfreemem
+ j2 X! d, Z' M& L( e/ O3 o功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数 8 |4 f- L0 Z! H9 b+ h E
用法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size);
6 ~6 A6 B" z2 p1 f$ ]5 h5 h% q程序例: & x" [$ Q* _8 h+ O' W. z; O, o( z( M
#include <GRAPHICS.H>) x4 Y, q7 ?1 ^3 q8 R# R
#include <STDLIB.H>1 W; x/ D. ?( U+ i m
#include <STDIO.H>
7 J( _% |5 f: T K9 D% ]#include <CONIO.H>
 g# o- x1 O4 a#include <ALLOC.H>
+ J i- ` S( i7 g. aint main(void) 1 Q7 H5 L4 `# ]/ W
{ 2 ]( c% @4 H- M$ L. S2 |) c( V
/* request auto detection */ 6 z9 a, K7 l# A; p
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
0 ^7 I1 X& y6 O2 vint midx, midy; 7 C' d( F$ W6 R- }
/* clear the text screen */
' j: t2 t3 o4 I% nclrscr(); 8 Q, e- y+ L# u: t2 t6 z! Z0 H4 m
printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:");
4 Y' j1 t8 J' J6 Zgetch();
1 M* ^% n5 {3 {, Y$ d" c2 i7 H. Hclrscr(); 1 J6 l1 n* E* k" J
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , I f5 L( Q# Z4 ]+ S6 c* ?
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ; a$ Y+ U0 i! [' U
/* read result of initialization */ : Z9 j- U2 F0 D
errorcode = graphresult();
" p: e8 k" X/ v( o7 A4 Dif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
. }0 |" t" }: Z3 G! ?1 I# A{
4 Y4 S7 ?, |6 k2 zprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 C- Z% n7 ]" M4 K2 W1 eprintf("Press any key to halt:"); * F" j; S9 Q+ p
getch();
& v+ x7 Q( [5 l9 texit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
9 f( j+ S9 B- S2 k7 I} 1 n, T/ q" f2 K7 K* f
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
! a+ e7 i( f) r @ y* amidy = getmaxy() / 2; 3 Y! z5 C7 A: x. {8 X# i
/* display a message */ $ m, _# H$ u! e* Y
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); : s7 h# s% g+ \3 P2 Y; Q
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 
% m3 H6 r$ e+ y8 P ]# J, t0 d# p/* clean up */ * r# N! f% R" ~( ]) \( Z
getch();
, s7 l) V2 W3 S, h' L' hclosegraph(); 3 A w6 O. p% ^- d
return 0; 9 ]/ a0 L1 X% P. L# ^; W) S4 y
} / F/ L. z+ T% i7 ]8 G
/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */
2 m# C, }3 l/ B( O8 _* Vvoid far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size)
 N5 e$ I0 b6 i9 _8 Y{
% a {$ S5 A1 l! V' q9 o9 T; f. ~printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
3 P' P; x5 c! }! e) Bprintf("hit any key:"); " M; S/ ?: c& E) L- [. m; J
getch();
5 U8 K- F/ Y0 q( i$ `printf("\n"); / a, M. T; X3 \( _9 ~
/* allocate memory from far heap */
& l# R2 P! t( d1 B2 q( Q6 Vreturn farmalloc(size); ' m+ [% x {% s1 y
} 
7 ?+ p9 l# @, s. [1 A/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */ , ~% J) v! w: B% A' w: \
void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) 3 x0 E+ x# t8 `+ |5 f
{ 2 p+ F$ d Q% I2 s" N% R/ T, I0 Q' R4 z
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); 1 @& t/ y& Q7 ?( r" T, T! C
printf("hit any key:");
- b- _3 ~0 F/ j8 O' tgetch(); 8 N1 T1 ], ]2 A1 H9 j. J; O
printf("\n"); 
/ c2 v6 u6 |, m7 m# k, B3 w N/* free ptr from far heap */
 J& P0 Z4 ]6 O* nfarfree(ptr); - ?8 O2 C0 B- c7 |& \& k# ^) t
}
; o3 H/ ^8 g: ?8 a( Q0 _, A, W" y7 }+ z* M
函数名: _graphgetmem $ o! \# J$ m j/ Z0 B. u9 [! u
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数
( B: r: X2 [' Y: ~8 ^- a# ^用法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size); & q: g7 K6 A- C' G( m& u2 Z4 e
程序例: 7 i. c# G+ O% ]! Z
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( s3 k8 o% t) _6 |' q6 Q#include <STDLIB.H>
3 R; {) r9 W f#include <STDIO.H>
' K! Q! _" b# P" P3 W#include <CONIO.H>0 E' p1 L7 V+ Z+ [) d+ y
#include <ALLOC.H>
& W, \- s' H4 x- uint main(void)
1 i- ]# z a7 c7 v{
% ^1 \7 K: G! e N m) J/* request autodetection */ 9 x8 P) \% s, G
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
7 H7 b, ~) p( r1 }* vint midx, midy; 
) c# S( G6 T p- }% d+ l; C3 u/* clear the text screen */ q4 v5 ~& \: S) c; X b) C0 b
clrscr();
# `: U% e1 a- {" ~2 \$ V- ^& ^printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); * Z1 d$ x: t4 h9 ]
getch(); 1 e9 I) x2 _4 U9 s' c o
clrscr(); 
2 I* |+ x8 |8 R: C# G8 ?+ q: j/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" o9 _0 R7 s; P X) Kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
9 D& h1 V5 X6 I5 ]# b/* read result of initialization */ 5 q! W& A" G2 @4 U; o; d
errorcode = graphresult(); - Z6 \* \* t+ O1 G
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ; K+ O1 \+ N: U8 O5 y
{
0 g4 A+ j- o+ x8 N! O" X4 rprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 y1 h% [8 p% A; [- e; jprintf("Press any key to halt:");
$ B7 j+ Y8 `' V# Agetch(); 8 a. C$ H1 U# \% _5 U7 b! Q. C
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
6 J9 s7 [ {, n$ N- E3 Y5 ?} ( H$ a" i8 |( } a* B3 E3 a
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
+ I: ^2 C* M' J, n ]; `6 ?midy = getmaxy() / 2; 8 ?/ O0 i* f+ i9 s* m4 h8 `
/* display a message */
8 x+ b4 F3 a1 i( h: S9 Fsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
4 ~- B7 m5 }& ]1 k Qouttextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 8 Z& H; D2 n {: z" O- w6 N
/* clean up */
, W& i1 J$ R8 G4 _, G5 ggetch(); 8 _1 O! ?* ^# T h- g- `+ W
closegraph();
4 b4 P. N& g0 N: A- Ereturn 0;
+ X# A9 Q+ A$ A5 d$ ^} ' v2 L2 P; r- L
/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ I- K( K/ p3 B5 }! ?* N
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size)
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printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size); 2 ?4 E" }: v. M2 o. I
printf("hit any key:");
0 P% `4 a# g" X4 [3 @9 cgetch();
% _+ G0 L4 f8 h' I, r: j3 ?8 @printf("\n"); 
6 V3 \, _: m; ^$ {/* allocate memory from far heap */
- K& V" _" s/ o' V& o1 Sreturn farmalloc(size); 2 f- n8 n% f" {7 H- P: U8 m) @
} 
0 o8 o; K+ a) O, k8 E s/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
; T; g. i% K5 I: ]0 z# |; j: bvoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) ! w/ u3 i; ^6 x- V4 x/ D$ _ U
{
5 Z. d: @( R2 y: d) x; H. g/ g$ n# Rprintf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
$ M5 }, p) {" j. i4 T) |1 Q" `printf("hit any key:"); 7 ]) V6 T3 Q1 t: N
getch(); + |5 u& l: g; ~: h6 ?) ]
printf("\n"); Z9 F( j9 k+ x/ i
/* free ptr from far heap */
4 m Q' I- [+ Q5 Z$ H7 E2 G3 wfarfree(ptr);
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