[讨论]Maxima介绍

joyinjoy

小妹在法国读数学，今年学了maxima，做一下简单的介绍。<br/><br/><br/>&nbsp;<h2><span class="mw-headline">简介</span></h2><br/>&nbsp;<p><b>Maxima</b>是一种用<a title="LISP" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=LISP&amp;variant=zh-cn">LISP</a>编写的<a class="new" title="计算机代数系统" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&amp;action=edit">计算机代?低?lt;/a&gt; <br/>(Computer Algebra System)，用于公式推导和符号计算，它是一套</a><a title="自由软件" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6&amp;variant=zh-cn">自由软件</a>，在<a title="GNU通用公共许可证" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81&amp;variant=zh-cn">GNU通用公共许可证</a>
                <br/>下发行。它由<a title="麻省理工学院" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;variant=zh-cn">麻省理工学院</a>在美国能源部的支持下于60年代末创造的<a class="new" title="Macsyma" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=Macsyma&amp;action=edit">Macsyma</a>演变而来。Macsyma后来慢慢走上商业化的道路，自<a title="1982年" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=1982%E5%B9%B4&amp;variant=zh-cn">1982年</a>开始，<a class="new" title="Bill Schelter" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=Bill_Schelter&amp;action=edit">Bill <br/>Schelter</a>教授默默地开始开发一个开放源码版的Macsyma，他把这个软件叫做Maxima。因为版权的问题，Maxima一直不能公开发行，只有少数人知道有这个软件的存在。1998年，Maxima终于得到公开发行的许可，这已是Schelter教授努力了16年之后的事。Schelter教授在<a title="2001年" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=2001%E5%B9%B4&amp;variant=zh-cn">2001年</a>去世，不过已经正式成为合法开放源码软件，因此陆续有支持开放源码的程序设计师，学者投入Maxima的开发工作。</p>&nbsp;<p>Maxima的前身Macsyma在当时是非常创新的软件。现在流行的商业<a class="new" title="计算机代数系统" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&amp;action=edit">计算机代数系统</a>软件Maple及Mathematica，都是受到Macsyma的启发而设计出来的。</p><p>Maxima的原始码可在Linux, Mac OS X, 及Windows下编译。</p><p><a name=".E7.95.8C.E9.9D.A2"></a></p><br/><p>Maxima原本是纯文字界面，这在数学式子的显示上就没有Maple或Mathematica等软件来得美观。不过Maxima也有几种图形界面。第一个选择是使用GNU的<a class="new" title="TeXmacs" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=TeXmacs&amp;action=edit">TeXmacs</a>。TeXmacs是一套所见即所得的文书处理程序，可以很方便的编辑数学式子。它同时也提供许多数学软件一个美观的界面，Maxima就是其中之一。其他可能的选择还有<a class="new" title="WxMaxima" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=WxMaxima&amp;action=edit">wxMaxima</a>, <a class="new" title="Imaxima" href="http://www.madio.net/w/index.php?title=Imaxima&amp;action=edit">imaxima</a>等等。</p><br/>

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-12-19 6:14:57编辑过]

joyinjoy

<p><b>Maxima</b> is a <a title="Free software" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software">free</a><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a title="Computer algebra system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_algebra_system">computer algebra system</a>, written in <a title="Lisp programming language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_programming_language">Lisp</a> and released under the <a title="GNU General Public License" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License">GNU General Public License</a>. The software runs on all <a title="OSIX" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX">OSIX</a> platforms such as <a title="Unix" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix">Unix</a>, <a title="Berkeley Software Distribution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution">BSD</a>, and <a title="Linux" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux">Linux</a> as well as under <a title="Microsoft Windows" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>.</p><br/>&nbsp; <p>Maxima is based on a 1982 version of <a title="Macsyma" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macsyma">Macsyma</a>, which was developed at <a title="MIT" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT">MIT</a> with funding from the <a title="United States Department of Energy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> and other government agencies. A version of Macsyma was maintained by <a title="Bill Schelter" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Schelter">Bill Schelter</a> from <a title="1982" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982">1982</a> until his death in <a title="2001" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001">2001</a>.<br/>In 1998 Schelter obtained permission from the Department of Energy to<br/>release his version under the GPL. That version, now called Maxima, is<br/>maintained by an independent group of users and developers. Maxima does<br/>not include any of the many modifications and enhancements made to the<br/>commercial version of Macsyma during 1982 – 1999 (at least 50 man-years<br/>of work). Though the core functionality remains similar, code depending<br/>on these enhancements may not work on Maxima, and bugs which were fixed<br/>in Macsyma may still be present in Maxima, and vice-versa.</p><br/>&nbsp; <p>Various <a title="Graphical user interface" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface">graphical user interfaces</a> are available for Maxima. <b>wxMaxima</b> is a cross platform GUI based on <a title="WxWidgets" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WxWidgets">wxWidgets</a>. The <a title="GNU" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU">GNU</a><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a title="TeXmacs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeXmacs">TeXmacs</a> mathematical editor program can be used to provide an interactive GUI for Maxima. Other options include the <i><a class="new" title="Imaxima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imaxima&amp;action=edit">imaxima</a></i> front end as well as an <a title="Emacs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs">Emacs</a> interaction mode.</p><br/>&nbsp; <p>Maxima includes a complete programming language with <a title="ALGOL" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL">ALGOL</a>-like syntax but Lisp-like semantics, so it can readily be used for teaching programming and computer algebra.</p><br/>&nbsp; <p>Since Maxima is written in <a title="Common Lisp" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Lisp">Common Lisp</a>, it is easily accessed programmatically and extended, as the underlying Lisp can be called from Maxima.</p><p></p>
        <p><a id="Numeric_calculations" name="Numeric_calculations"></a></p><h2>&nbsp;<span class="mw-headline">Numeric calculations</span></h2><p>Like most computer algebra systems, Maxima specializes in symbolic<br/>operations. It also offers special numerical capabilities such as <a title="Arbitrary-precision arithmetic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic">arbitrary-precision arithmetic</a>: <a title="Integer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer">integers</a> and <a title="Rational number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number">rational numbers</a> which can grow to sizes limited only by machine memory, and <a title="Floating point" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point">floating point numbers</a> whose precision can be set arbitrarily large ("bfloats").</p><br/>&nbsp; <p>For calculations which use floating point and arrays heavily, Maxima<br/>offers the possibility of generating code in other programming<br/>languages (notably <a title="Fortran" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran">Fortran</a>) which may execute it more efficiently.</p><br/>&nbsp; <p>Maxima is a general-purpose system, and special-case calculations<br/>such as factorization of large numbers, manipulation of extremely large<br/>polynomials, <i>etc.</i> are often better done in specialized systems.</p>

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-12-19 6:16:08编辑过]

joyinjoy

主页:http://maxima.sourceforge.net/<br/><br/>这个软件设计的非常人性化，入门容易，发展潜力还是蛮大的。大家可以下载了试试.<br/>