函数大全(m开头)

[复制链接]

字体大小: 正常放大

韩冰

823 主题	3 听众	4048 积分

我的地盘我做主

该用户从未签到

电梯直达

1^#

发表于 2004-10-4 02:57 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

|招呼Ta 关注Ta

align=center>函数大全(m开头)
<

align=left>main()主函数
每一C 程序都 必须 有一main()函数, 可以根据自己的爱好把它放在程序的某
个地方。有些程序员把它放在最前面, 而另一些程序员把它放在最后面, 无论放
在哪个地方, 以下几点说明都是适合的。
1. main() 参数 
在Turbo C2.0启动过程中, 传递main()函数三个参数: argc, argv和env。
* argc: 整数, 为传给main()的命令行参数个数。
* argv: 字符串数组。
在DOS 3.X 版本中, argv[0] 为程序运行的全路径名; 对DOS 3.0
以下的版本, argv[0]为空串("") 。
argv[1] 为在DOS命令行中执行程序名后的第一个字符串;
argv[2] 为执行程序名后的第二个字符串;
...
argv[argc]为NULL。
*env: 安符串数组。env[] 的每一个元素都包含ENVVAR=value形式的字符
串。其中ENVVAR为环境变量如PATH或87。value 为ENVVAR的对应值如C:\DOS, C:
\TURBOC(对于PATH) 或YES(对于87)。
Turbo C2.0启动时总是把这三个参数传递给main()函数, 可以在用户程序中
说明(或不说明)它们, 如果说明了部分(或全部)参数, 它们就成为main()子程序
的局部变量。
请注意: 一旦想说明这些参数, 则必须按argc, argv, env 的顺序, 如以下
的例子:
main()
main(int argc)
main(int argc, char *argv[])
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) 
其中第二种情况是合法的, 但不常见, 因为在程序中很少有只用argc, 而不
用argv[]的情况。
以下提供一样例程序EXAMPLE.EXE, 演示如何在main()函数中使用三个参数:
/*program name EXAMPLE.EXE*/
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[])
{
int i;
printf("These are the %d command- line arguments passed to
main:\n\n", argc);
for(i=0; i<=argc; i++)
printf("argv[%d]:%s\n", i, argv); ; F- _* ] a7 k7 T2 i
printf("\nThe environment string(s)on this system are:\n\n");
: m9 f) O3 u, x1 Bfor(i=0; env!=NULL; i++) ' ?' s# P8 V( c8 E
printf(" env[%d]:%s\n", i, env);
 E0 m' i6 g/ B' F} % u$ V5 _) ?% Q
如果在DOS 提示符下, 按以下方式运行EXAMPLE.EXE:
& J% y) x8 N9 _. { oC:\example first_argument "argument with blanks" 3 4 "last but
9 g/ p' j8 y Z* j2 c9 C5 @one" stop!
' X- @1 E; d0 I# Z, l% i注意: 可以用双引号括起内含空格的参数, 如本例中的: " argument 7 s$ G2 a3 ^8 p5 E4 H$ C
with blanks"和"Last but one")。
* i0 J; ?7 h8 p; i" V5 U结果是这样的: + w- h% j- W. O( D3 _2 p$ {
The value of argc is 7
3 T% t% g) `3 q2 v0 S; bThese are the 7 command-linearguments passed to main:
( K( I1 C3 Z1 V- }7 @argv[0]:C:\TURBO\EXAMPLE.EXE
3 P. J9 f: I0 l& R- R! I: g2 S7 `2 Targv[1]:first_argument
) P0 ]' h5 J& l3 t0 C8 Kargv[2]:argument with blanks 0 n! _+ ]4 u/ J. S
argv[3]:3
, E W5 z1 n: kargv[4]:4
( z3 E; D, q( Cargv[5]:last but one
6 d: H/ O0 ^- h- S \" J, x$ Dargv[6]:stop! - p# q1 d$ U# V9 c
argv[7]NULL) e, a) C7 B- P9 u2 A
The environment string(s) on this system are:
3 Y8 n0 O1 i; Y9 t- lenv[0]: COMSPEC=C:\COMMAND.COM 4 M, Q$ I9 A7 `' ^5 \; |% v) M
env[1]: PROMPT=$P$G /*视具体设置而定*/
 {6 B1 F3 U n Z4 ienv[2]: PATH=C:\DOS;C:\TC /*视具体设置而定*/
$ }6 s7 V, `! H% v& h
5 C% B: c/ m5 x/ \4 p5 F9 T应该提醒的是: 传送main() 函数的命令行参数的最大长度为128 个字符 (包 7 x- r' z0 h6 z
括参数间的空格), 这是由DOS 限制的。 8 B7 e. }0 P9 Z, I
 {/ Q. }$ ]- G5 m/ S9 v
<>函数名: matherr 7 e/ n8 } I7 w0 G8 X) c
功能: 用户可修改的数学错误处理程序
/ ?" W' U/ @* f O. i) x用法: int matherr(struct exception *e);
, w9 O( D# s6 V w' _3 Z程序例: 
2 n2 n4 |) j4 ^ }: r% z$ Y& S<>/* This is a user-defined matherr function that prevents " J; W' H2 G/ L. |2 ~* @: w
any error messages from being printed. */ 1 B" [$ _" u0 n/ `* x/ n" y3 k: g, s
<>#include<MATH.H> 
% W7 J& b" u3 `, ~9 ?3 P/ n<>int matherr(struct exception *a)
7 C1 A3 v2 ?% s& D) d{
& k3 P: a8 P, s; ?return 1;
9 n4 E; |) |3 q/ L# K: o}
7 I! i: M# J& w! m6 w
, \. D* r/ t2 \+ E9 H5 N/ v
% u/ f2 P$ X9 R7 H: n/ i, \% r% U3 m( X# c8 G
<>函数名: memccpy 2 B y# n4 h: Y2 l& d4 A- T/ _
功能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中 4 [$ C6 J, a& ?' V* g+ W
用法: void *memccpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned char ch,
! G2 F1 i% X1 ]! W! |! Runsigned n); * {- v6 p. v0 W( b
程序例: & G) }/ N, _! n$ D7 p" Q0 @
<>#include <STRING.H>
' v, n( U( Z% l/ V( }6 t/ u8 k#include <STDIO.H>/ I7 d" z4 g* {5 B8 I
<>int main(void) . }4 f) B: ~! V5 }$ ]% f" G6 W& r* \
{ / N' j6 O% r; H5 b' l, b) ?+ Y
char *src = "This is the source string";
, f* }8 V6 j8 e; m. k, `$ d0 nchar dest[50];
6 |9 j+ Z1 z+ ^! j+ o ?& R; Pchar *ptr; 3 a5 [9 L/ H: \; f( W, L
<>ptr = memccpy(dest, src, 'c', strlen(src)); ' V3 ^7 m5 i2 I/ p1 y+ Q; Z, ^- F1 ^1 y
<>if (ptr) * d5 K& D9 @9 E2 i
{ / S s, Y# j" Q/ o; L+ U
*ptr = '\0'; 1 A5 V S8 Y, i$ g8 @# G+ D" H4 X) L
printf("The character was found: %s\n", dest); ! d8 P/ I; p: `: F+ H8 j- b
}
! S( h ^2 _9 T7 C r" helse
# L6 y0 z9 M! N4 ~! oprintf("The character wasn't found\n"); ( K: |" b! J" c9 [3 K1 G. f" B6 D
return 0;
4 l9 i$ R2 i% W! @}
3 }2 ?. S$ M, M9 A1 M9 g
( y( e% b( b% H) g. i0 f) U' I& v$ n' `
<>函数名: malloc ; M1 `1 S& t0 x b: U
功能: 内存分配函数
% X% ]) J2 d2 { L7 u G& c! ?用法: void *malloc(unsigned size);
3 n" i2 M4 K( n( v) x& I2 t. Q程序例: 
8 a9 w( T/ C, B/ s: S2 C<>#include <STDIO.H>' }% ?& X8 ~) x# x) h8 Q( Q. J
#include <STRING.H> m* }% C: ^! N' W, Q( U7 V
#include <ALLOC.H>
+ r) p1 t0 | e9 d4 S2 e#include <ROCESS.H>8 m+ \ R4 Q: p4 y1 S- Y
<>int main(void) # D \: R6 ?1 y7 B; \: Y8 r- q
{
) C, R+ a1 h8 Q5 a A5 c" qchar *str; ( d( J, D: x$ u9 ^1 ~3 ^0 z W& M
<>/* allocate memory for string */ 4 v1 |+ H, \5 B* ] d7 M
/* This will generate an error when compiling */ 8 G3 Z, a9 x( z4 c2 z
/* with C++, use the new operator instead. */ $ {; E' A4 K- j( o& @; `
if ((str = malloc(10)) == NULL)
& X" d( N9 E0 E, V" \, ^4 K! _{
% y# R: ~& w6 V% X* x( U+ iprintf("Not enough memory to allocate buffer\n"); , Q2 k. u5 L* b& F% u5 Q) j
exit(1); /* terminate program if out of memory */ 6 g) C' e h4 y$ |- `5 j4 |3 N" n
} 
: l8 v; q- E; R" B2 M$ S) D<>/* copy "Hello" into string */ 7 R2 c* ~$ i7 i7 [% p/ i
strcpy(str, "Hello"); 
$ B0 ]! F& O4 i0 b<>/* display string */
7 X' E" l/ a' `6 K, Q2 O9 |printf("String is %s\n", str); 
5 R+ l% N" W! _* i* S<>/* free memory */ ( b. b7 t; n0 M# M2 U
free(str); 
4 \9 ]+ o/ j: S1 @8 L& [<>return 0; ; w) K. @" g( e' P% q% X3 S+ r
}
; z" W v1 N, m3 ? I; B' m. H

" ~$ p' R Q& Y/ y2 _! ?, P- m* g3 y
: {6 A: [4 G# f4 v$ S<>函数名: memchr
* A8 }: O& ], { V功能: 在数组的前n个字节中搜索字符 # f1 F+ {, F8 U
用法: void *memchr(void *s, char ch, unsigned n);
( ~9 i4 s* N( ^9 f程序例: & f9 ?* [$ I% T6 n1 f
<>#include <STRING.H>
( Y+ K2 m0 e3 H/ O( i% B0 Y#include <STDIO.H>" B' E3 v. h% S/ q: |& R# W+ z
<>int main(void) 2 ^# Y5 c3 H3 x( Z/ ` V0 I) }3 I3 j
{
' H7 w9 C. ?/ ~0 Uchar str[17]; & D5 |" a. N( N6 O
char *ptr; 
( g" } C; v3 j9 C4 A<>strcpy(str, "This is a string"); + T& a) ?& n8 T7 m# }8 u* _3 n3 F9 F
ptr = memchr(str, 'r', strlen(str)); 5 J9 [5 G+ o/ U9 u; L
if (ptr)
' r4 f4 I1 R. V; O% ], m# Eprintf("The character 'r' is at position: %d\n", ptr - str);
1 B7 x" E8 A8 l6 b/ y/ L3 I1 }else
+ \) r5 {0 _% o; w! h2 v/ Dprintf("The character was not found\n"); ; b/ k" I5 D; Y4 D/ @ W
return 0;
$ E% T1 M6 A1 x/ ^ d0 A} ) u" h" p1 c! _& D
- a0 _3 w6 P# j/ \3 A8 H
<>函数名: memcpy 
) d6 I, L4 A/ h$ w4 k) d功能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中
5 n g0 M! S8 Y' Z用法: void *memcpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n); 3 J; a. {" z q, x1 Z
程序例: 4 d I" H; A! U2 E; ^5 d4 R, K
<>#include <STDIO.H>; m. S% J2 n, V+ z" y. s! x
#include <STRING.H>
( b( O" ^% w: X: @, T2 \int main(void) ( `: _! ^* o7 W! | x1 f7 B$ o
{
6 f8 B* O9 y& u. Gchar src[] = "******************************"; " ` M8 I- a1 c+ A
char dest[] = "abcdefghijlkmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456709"; 6 G" T0 B U2 s* J
char *ptr; 5 e$ L1 D! L) c$ F
printf("destination before memcpy: %s\n", dest); 2 \2 g: P% Y% S/ c2 S5 E
ptr = memcpy(dest, src, strlen(src)); % _1 L/ ^ A! H l$ l* P7 p2 l# P
if (ptr) ! d9 J# l9 h) \) x$ u3 q
printf("destination after memcpy: %s\n", dest); & |! \0 m" i- S1 P# d) w1 E9 z
else
6 f% C1 y. z) t& H; `, Pprintf("memcpy failed\n"); ' s2 U6 B3 t+ ?) x2 ]
return 0; ) h; Y1 v; ?( k) [* n# e
} 3 ^% O/ s. O2 i( \

7 I- ~0 E. o% R# v( b
1 g* t! s$ Z; w! l$ B<>函数名: memicmp 
 ^0 ]- G/ }: n1 U5 `% Y7 H功能: 比较两个串s1和s2的前n个字节, 忽略大小写
3 [3 U. r! l9 n* j" H9 D( H用法: int memicmp(void *s1, void *s2, unsigned n);
: [: Y* e3 F1 I) B程序例: 
& T2 z+ e/ U0 `, t! _! e% ]8 l& A" n<>#include <STDIO.H>
: R q6 U) I/ ~- F% w& W- A#include <STRING.H>
) a; ?9 G; _$ p! a7 m, g<>int main(void) . [4 g6 K4 m) x! D
{
0 P; B% Z8 h. x. @5 rchar *buf1 = "ABCDE123"; 8 w @ S+ C9 ]; G8 \1 r
char *buf2 = "abcde456"; + s- B& W4 ]+ j: L5 P
int stat; , V& D0 f$ H, c1 ^& r; B2 p+ t3 {5 L
stat = memicmp(buf1, buf2, 5); ! R) o& v0 S2 @% J- r. L3 Y* L
printf("The strings to position 5 are ");
& q `* s5 n5 ?$ P- I6 e8 ]if (stat) ; C) k; s X/ O% m
printf("not ");
& l/ r5 J! U% u7 `/ X) Pprintf("the same\n");
 F( M6 E0 K+ C) D7 J) t. ^return 0;
$ ]7 i, N o3 d' j} 1 A/ H5 e1 x* F9 ~- L# Y

6 W8 p* E) d V% u
3 O) o5 q- M: A2 T$ c$ A) }<>函数名: memmove * `: k! p5 A! _
功能: 移动一块字节 g8 S' ~& [1 j8 l m$ E z9 O* G* M% r
用法: void *memmove(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n); u3 ~( i O5 }5 m
程序例: : V* f3 i$ L8 N
#include <STRING.H>+ x( J" l# ^' v1 t
#include <STDIO.H>- {2 a4 D. f) S+ ^7 a7 {
int main(void)
% Y" M% H# {$ ?; e5 e! F9 I3 D{
& W: c& c ]/ C" ichar *dest = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
# j- v! i* B$ t F2 G/ }. pchar *src = "******************************";
; X3 d0 o x& m) ]# G% Q- H+ `% jprintf("destination prior to memmove: %s\n", dest); ) G9 `$ w O/ ]8 P" D
memmove(dest, src, 26);
- A( X: \- X2 o5 J: W. `5 _- T( kprintf("destination after memmove: %s\n", dest);
" ~8 C! h; b! q( y1 vreturn 0; * _" R+ y# t V5 f" k
}
# M' @) y/ e& Y' S
1 ^1 ~" R7 M v% x) Y
/ H4 J5 F* i% x, k! a6 O1 z2 [# ]/ r& L! n8 R
函数名: memset ) g3 b' }: Z' L+ g. p- H
功能: 设置s中的所有字节为ch, s数组的大小由n给定 9 U9 a2 G* t4 J- {' ]8 \6 R, z' ~
用法: void *memset(void *s, char ch, unsigned n);
; ?3 J, T0 L( A8 t+ D3 k" F v% a程序例: 
' j( j, b. P# k/ x2 I% N#include <STRING.H>
; |+ S5 z9 B: c#include <STDIO.H>
9 I8 { a+ H1 S$ Q#include <MEM.H>! m* F4 ] o4 Q2 ?% v1 _# M
int main(void)
" i# q0 L. i. O' T/ `# I{ ( f/ W1 ^' h/ V3 a0 F4 x! X
char buffer[] = "Hello world\n"; , L" _( v8 H( \* J. G. e& `9 I' j8 }
printf("Buffer before memset: %s\n", buffer); + Y' `- y8 k7 E( ~
memset(buffer, '*', strlen(buffer) - 1);
/ t. k6 C# |0 hprintf("Buffer after memset: %s\n", buffer);
; b/ @& S" O _3 m) Oreturn 0;
2 x) H5 d3 H l7 c. J} 
( D- e$ t3 @3 n# x7 {. J
( n" T; e8 x4 b* ^3 h. h+ J: e2 `# }
函数名: mkdir 9 H+ P" m6 ?3 R
功能: 建立一个目录 " M) c: Q: M/ p1 x
用法: int mkdir(char *pathname);
# i' p7 w+ X8 d% f n" ]/ E6 ~8 q程序例: 
* ]" l' s2 Z0 `1 _#include <STDIO.H>
* s7 z9 D3 _" x5 w" C$ s9 K5 V#include <CONIO.H>/ a2 p8 T1 d5 P u
#include <PROCESS.H># O- n" I: S& d1 @+ X3 Z# A* E
#include <DIR.H>
" ?( l" k3 \# \0 Z; }( _int main(void) 5 t s6 F/ E, Y7 K% g5 c1 j
{ 0 b7 V C, b0 i# W
int status; 
! Z P5 j& m; }' @2 @ G$ rclrscr(); + l# s0 _0 m. c& t5 u5 ?5 R9 n
status = mkdir("asdfjklm");
! y9 W1 T, d/ P( M(!status) ? (printf("Directory created\n")) : 2 C Q* O( \$ B- Y$ S' Q+ y
(printf("Unable to create directory\n")); 
# K# i* U' Z( q* Y u# g' a2 [8 Pgetch(); 5 j3 t, M2 g+ {4 x
system("dir"); 0 p) L; s& f0 G1 o+ b1 D; }
getch(); 
4 O2 o& J+ n- gstatus = rmdir("asdfjklm"); & P/ h- q, I3 u0 ^6 k% f
(!status) ? (printf("Directory deleted\n")) : ! s1 S* w7 [+ P+ C! _$ j# o
(perror("Unable to delete directory")); 
1 V0 G+ Y$ f8 Y6 _return 0; $ H+ J4 e# \! x. y. z
} % A# H* c2 c* i# W! M
: ?' o6 _; e2 ? N# c- |0 f0 s

1 j4 E& r N& M, b9 g, T9 ^, \( m) J+ m
函数名: mktemp 
. k' c: }) V1 M% J功能: 建立唯一的文件名 , e5 w6 k4 b$ m7 \+ O- J
用法: char *mktemp(char *template); + V( U) w( J8 E( j6 p, R9 F* I* f5 G
程序例: 
& E+ ?7 j' G- ?#include <DIR.H>! v0 p0 t5 h3 O3 {
#include <STDIO.H>3 q1 }# _) A# j; {$ ?0 B* v
int main(void) ; ?1 b0 N: r/ G8 Z- f- P. M0 h ~
{ 3 m, Y/ R) l$ T
/* fname defines the template for the 5 [2 i8 U" P) [( P
temporary file. */ 
& U9 F1 d! ]9 {5 n1 X6 e: Bchar *fname = "TXXXXXX", *ptr; 
+ F+ x+ q! g1 {& Pptr = mktemp(fname); 1 ~- x; w* u2 a: h0 ?% S W g/ `9 v
printf("%s\n",ptr);
+ [/ S3 n" r4 G4 E- z9 F: `$ Creturn 0; : E0 \: g! L/ g, Y3 r5 @9 i
} ) F3 \3 n1 G2 T' J
9 f/ ^$ B m( H

& L; V/ j& H) _9 ~' c: Y4 y函数名: MK_FP 
 K5 \3 y2 Y5 m6 h3 z/ b功能: 设置一个远指针 2 B* s8 s) N8 r7 b# e' |
用法: void far *MK_FP(unsigned seg, unsigned off); $ _, a' j4 [9 R8 _; C8 j2 `7 P0 t/ R
程序例: * t- S: F- D$ s* G4 y. D+ t+ ?- {
#include <DOS.H>
; i% Z! j( }1 K#include <GRAPHICS.H>' O% W0 J) F' F" {
int main(void)
: s% N4 y# N6 E, E{ b, _; g4 u F* F$ L" r
int gd, gm, i;
2 e, r* Z, A8 I: p! z f$ vunsigned int far *screen; 8 q4 f3 i* H" U! N6 c
detectgraph(&gd, &gm); % q6 C$ N% }1 {+ {! E
if (gd == HERCMONO)
. c# B- a% l5 ^8 S% ascreen = MK_FP(0xB000, 0); 7 _) f- e2 R/ s$ q0 [: p
else / O5 F. d5 W& h5 R8 {
screen = MK_FP(0xB800, 0);
4 i: g0 P; G( xfor (i=0; i<26; i++) ' S( a# d. X$ ?2 R/ K7 A3 i
screen = 0x0700 + ('a' + i);
& K8 r, L- B) o$ a' [return 0; 0 ? J3 t9 W' @; x) K2 K) a5 O6 p
}
: l5 { P3 U9 ^2 C& s- D( Y, V- r7 o/ o8 v$ l
7 ]/ l% k; ^$ U2 W: O
函数名: modf 8 n$ i1 O7 Z( q- p& t3 Y
功能: 把数分为指数和尾数 , p. J% C+ N& n
用法: double modf(double value, double *iptr); $ A7 t, b/ ]2 U- Q; z
程序例: & b$ e0 u$ b% e, z# b) Z# O" h
#include <MATH.H>
9 a( J% b g7 p#include <STDIO.H>% G. w( }/ L) B: a; O5 p: a2 h* }- Z
int main(void) + ~& W4 I: t) w) H7 g# A
{
. O; S/ U. I* ^: l) fdouble fraction, integer;
! A! s# h, N; Z1 P% _6 s6 ?0 n0 a% `double number = 100000.567; : A7 C* L. N: C3 N+ s! Z' k
fraction = modf(number, &integer);
6 y2 Y+ y7 J. l H& Kprintf("The whole and fractional parts of %lf are %lf and %lf\n", Y8 d2 o2 Q0 V6 T
number, integer, fraction); ) ], i1 i# J: @! g
return 0;
. e* |0 K1 o+ c0 @ ^- x) x} ; n) \& t% q5 |+ Y" z
; p ?; T2 N+ n

: O4 i- L3 Q. ~0 N7 H8 N, u函数名: movedata + o1 L) d- c6 R: O
功能: 拷贝字节 0 Z" \; L0 w9 y
用法: void movedata(int segsrc, int offsrc, int segdest,
' T: n0 _- O" N" r" Bint offdest, unsigned numbytes); ; p' u; ^. F4 E9 n. F) w! p) m
程序例: 
( @; t, Q" H+ _' }) j( A/ n8 O#include <MEM.H>
: b( T ~; J6 }; v& Z p' N* z#define MONO_BASE 0xB000 4 C" P. s; X/ Y" B' s
/* saves the contents of the monochrome screen in buffer */
1 o9 K/ Z; [4 k2 Ovoid save_mono_screen(char near *buffer)
2 Q# ? r! p3 i1 h' K3 }! i( X{
 R9 F. R% P z: ]& ymovedata(MONO_BASE, 0, _DS, (unsigned)buffer, 80*25*2);
9 \ ~$ [1 f M* J} " Y& l: D( D% }+ |
int main(void)
) v' R# D; Q# l; s; Y' {0 s{
 ?5 i1 o: l+ H6 H( Z+ \char buf[80*25*2];
9 P( G t; F, _& [; T% g) Lsave_mono_screen(buf);
# _0 n9 } W4 K8 H0 a0 n} / @8 e Q6 b& B' `2 C# I
) j# t. _4 \" A7 w4 \' ^& l! y6 O
& ]) p$ m% x, m9 M2 E+ g7 t
函数名: moverel 
* y. s% s/ G8 I; f# ?功能: 将当前位置(CP)移动一相对距离 : l: b. D1 r, N! Z& _
用法: void far moverel(int dx, int dy); $ [4 ?4 H( D8 R; O$ w- M) T
程序例: 5 [8 o, m, u* t$ q! _0 `1 u* X
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
% N0 X+ @0 e! Z( \4 C#include <STDLIB.H>
" u0 g7 a/ a0 A* E#include <STDIO.H>
3 C1 H9 i: {* H0 z' i; j3 S#include <CONIO.H># h. M( N r% P
int main(void)
& O, U7 D: p1 N, {6 Q% h# ~{
) ]% @, r' ~( @* s" W( R, O% B X2 n/* request auto detection */
8 M# o- Q! Z4 P5 [int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; - o. D$ M' H& Q3 I# n. x0 a' g) {
char msg[80]; ; E$ C# R ^; ?; |1 d- q9 W' U! t' f
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 4 ]- b. d" K- T Z( q# z6 D
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! u% K6 |1 n( f& o. K2 v/* read result of initialization */
" n# e) v) s. \$ ^" d' R Serrorcode = graphresult(); ( \+ u7 W8 W1 {0 c# {0 Z
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
( C- F% w- ?: M. S |{ , [+ C% K5 M- D# s" ~. F: d7 T
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 1 V, |4 t# l0 P" p% Q9 v0 t
printf("Press any key to halt:");
* B; A4 q7 H$ egetch();
. r$ h; H! Q! z5 ?- X( K8 N) Lexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 0 i7 y# m* L( O, L7 I
} 
) `2 W/ T/ ^0 ?% t. }6 |0 E3 e+ Z/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */
( @+ m" y$ D1 cmoveto(20, 30); 
8 c( G4 E7 E; L% f& J. k* }/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
! W" ^" \; ?+ Fputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); * r* {) w4 j' ?$ r, T
/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */
" W) D2 r' A7 z; f- gsprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety()); 0 e$ X, _# [- Y5 I# u3 y6 D& h
outtextxy(20, 30, msg); 
8 H4 a2 ?: b$ k8 [/ w. e" r( V5 Z! @/* move to a point a relative distance */ ) P2 G5 p% c# Z1 \" |% l
/* away from the current value of C.P. */ ' T, _- z' F- i
moverel(100, 100); 
- Q& t) L8 K. p$ i' G5 H) B/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
: m) j* ]' X x0 C- B/ zputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 
6 ^3 h' q" x/ H& \) o3 }5 p/* create and output a message at C.P. */
* ~6 O" w; s* r7 Q; Bsprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
5 s" O. H7 I1 v7 T" Q/ B; x- Routtext(msg); 1 q! x3 `% R+ f# n% c% S% B# [) }
/* clean up */
$ q6 i1 z2 O, v G5 lgetch(); 7 R8 n, C/ q+ d$ R% u$ `9 ]
closegraph();
9 N: a! h2 L5 @1 X, |3 v: V% {return 0;
! z3 L7 @, e, W/ J M" z$ u} ; B' X$ p- e* W% T1 Y; Q' e

# X6 q5 a! k8 Y
# p" X1 y5 \, M4 V K- O函数名: movetext : q: @0 N( z5 X* S# X4 V, c e
功能: 将屏幕文本从一个矩形区域拷贝到另一个矩形区域 $ T0 U' b L+ N8 f& h$ Y9 Z
用法: int movetext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
' f. @: `/ c0 S# I4 |4 G7 z3 ^int newleft, int newtop);
0 Z# s4 v9 u4 l# B程序例:
: I: A+ B2 U6 h/ X2 ]#include <CONIO.H>% w1 K+ y' e/ S$ L. R
#include <STRING.H>5 b, r) f: }8 ~* k ] h; P
int main(void) 2 Y) f, k, y$ g* h: m" f
{
8 p1 S8 x0 T$ w: ?! J$ D3 T+ H4 Lchar *str = "This is a test string"; ; ~. Z! [* K+ ?7 O: U
clrscr(); G9 V! h2 ]6 R: c) E" i) o* G
cputs(str); ' Y' K Q9 s2 O x& e# R: `7 T
getch(); 2 {; m* q+ S4 O* D
movetext(1, 1, strlen(str), 2, 10, 10); . ~. R! s2 D: T. c% Z
getch(); . r1 K7 l& W8 \
return 0; 3 q S' _2 V- [9 {
}
( D& W/ T# c% l2 D+ m
: G, x1 n$ j4 N2 _* {: @4 _+ z: l( n4 u
函数名: moveto 8 @4 y8 z0 }, W' y
功能: 将CP移到(x, y) : L4 t: `/ W) P6 r* J
用法: void far moveto(int x, int y); # L0 k0 @8 ?, d& J9 D5 W5 m% \! F
程序例: 
1 |2 b8 o8 n* i+ h; ~' f5 t) X#include <GRAPHICS.H>
! c* E/ b3 [ v9 ?5 E7 B" P' s#include <STDLIB.H>
8 `% R: W; s! u* V( l#include <STDIO.H>
: O6 W3 L( s$ m8 N1 x; l#include <CONIO.H>" Q$ q, ^$ O5 i* K
int main(void) , |- x4 B+ J/ L/ s4 @
{ 7 `( K* R, s+ |
/* request auto detection */
/ e2 O+ e7 s/ Q' \int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% X* o5 M% X# D3 }" y' Z" X9 Lchar msg[80]; & }; Z4 _( ?1 o( q) D) n4 {- V
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
+ n; W& ?8 B+ |: i1 a9 qinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
" U1 L1 e' ^! D. X h/* read result of initialization */ 9 K6 P l( ^0 `! U
errorcode = graphresult();
# k! I. w. o9 ~2 ^ {) {( P1 Eif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * ~. J* [6 Q* c: @% L
{ % t; T Z) ]/ Y% O
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 7 V# {5 s# o3 t0 E _& R5 ^
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 7 ~4 A$ p$ W$ k4 E7 v
getch(); W) o2 y, _3 y: w0 S
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 6 m7 O, L+ D5 C: z3 P( z1 w3 F: l
} 6 T1 W8 `2 Y2 \2 }6 G; h
/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */
2 W; D' d0 q- p4 x Bmoveto(20, 30); 
0 U4 O* A. f3 z/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */ + N3 b! w" | x( }; g- V
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); % H3 `2 Y E, e; f- L3 x
/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */
& H5 a F6 Y" b" a- ?6 p8 Vsprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
$ E; }$ O, H$ l \3 H$ Y# ?9 X+ j, bouttextxy(20, 30, msg); 
% }9 ?. j5 p2 `4 a8 R" D( q/* move to (100, 100) */
4 I B( s; ?* f5 K/ g. d$ ]moveto(100, 100); % z+ [8 ?& E5 T
/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
0 @" Q! k! \6 ~; Z- x& }+ fputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 
/ y! ] u5 W, i, @) m/* create and output a message at C.P. */ ) @( I2 o8 Q( O0 ~% S2 K
sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
, @. k6 @/ U! f9 Bouttext(msg); 
, M m2 p* F6 H0 D M9 U/* clean up */
1 H9 V$ ~ E* egetch();
3 T8 ?0 r+ V2 [5 C6 Sclosegraph();
6 x9 P* d- j! V" b; n. g4 Q0 Greturn 0;
% d; J% W. C! p0 X} % g2 x$ ^; {- J& \

: W! v1 o6 ? t; W, `2 g. y4 ^5 D' I b, w C) |3 h+ P. E1 ?8 a; }. z
函数名: movemem # a% h" Q7 ^) u& ^
功能: 移动一块字节
: }# m7 G" g& j; B7 p用法: void movemem(void *source, void *destin, unsigned len);
4 c4 l% @; m3 l1 }& I程序例: 
# v! M* j! Q% o, J#include <MEM.H>: T5 k' g! _: N
#include <ALLOC.H>
; g) f' Y& w- F5 m/ |#include <STDIO.H>0 q7 P, p' e( ~# ?/ u
#include <STRING.H>
& B" o3 K# }2 I- C6 _( {int main(void)
4 _6 k1 _' [0 y" I$ Z* W) x4 A{
! q6 p5 o+ g& o. c. c) xchar *source = "Borland International"; & c% Q7 V; E- n0 a! ]
char *destination; 4 t2 X5 v% n* z n$ W0 d
int length; 4 c0 g5 q% S& ?: c) [
length = strlen(source);
$ a. {9 g* o; F; P+ R' ~destination = malloc(length + 1);
6 g7 {% m: p0 K% \movmem(source,destination,length); * @3 W( P/ l' j2 a8 j0 N
printf("%s\n",destination); # [+ Y/ F' y3 X; W3 P7 P; j" k. d
return 0; 6 x M- R- r' h# A8 ?
} 2 q+ s+ p" x& L3 b0 a

/ D2 G8 m5 Z1 c' c; [ P8 V/ s
2 b- O) g9 r; v" v函数名: normvideo 2 E, E! { I9 U4 J
功能: 选择正常亮度字符
7 w' j6 w2 l) a; m: ^% q用法: void normvideo(void);
" o1 p2 I w4 M8 |- J3 L' e7 ?! z程序例: * w# K0 {) L6 s' { w3 z! n
#include <CONIO.H>. H) v" i, T. j& F) Y
int main(void)
 f, D' Q' w9 M7 w7 d{ 3 T( d$ O8 f3 p% T7 d/ i8 \
normvideo(); / V8 ]8 q; b; T; ^) \
cprintf("NORMAL Intensity Text\r\n");
! w* m, F& @8 R m1 [return 0;
1 ]: i. a% T7 }} 7 o2 ~( Q: H) L1 P2 f0 @

( o$ i" p, {" T6 K# X# i
4 A2 _+ Y0 a# {4 i7 \* _函数名: nosound
6 S1 M$ Z# V, o' M1 G5 G7 V h功能: 关闭PC扬声器 2 b8 O7 `$ R& x$ }% X
用法: void nosound(void); $ H" g: Y3 X# V2 t% r6 `
程序例: 
6 ?. Y( t Z: ]$ d1 |% d3 t$ ~/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. 0 ]% U1 e" P0 x, y, L
True story: 7 Hz is the resonant frequency of a chicken's skull cavity.
1 U0 z, [+ P9 Q6 @5 J' }5 i8 xThis was determined empirically in Australia, where a new factory
( c! u$ z5 v9 I" ]generating 7-Hz tones was located too close to a chicken ranch:
0 Z/ d) @! S2 E3 o5 |When the factory started up, all the chickens died. 
) G/ h0 x8 Y* B, [Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone.
6 ]+ R8 d& w; _*/ 
7 a7 \, f8 M; d) v! qint main(void)
6 B$ {1 t# h# w" j) M$ r! E8 L* U{
( u& D4 J1 _/ r( Ksound(7);
* O3 E3 a( B2 J; A7 Gdelay(10000);
6 g& o& {; M4 m! a7 A8 znosound(); ' I3 y. s5 X9 |1 L0 |0 a
}
) i( F+ I, z7 O0 l' H" S' {5 x