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函数大全(m开头)

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发表于 2004-10-4 02:57 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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align=center>函数大全(m开头)
<

align=left>main()主函数
每一C 程序都 必须 有一main()函数, 可以根据自己的爱好把它放在程序的某
个地方。有些程序员把它放在最前面, 而另一些程序员把它放在最后面, 无论放
在哪个地方, 以下几点说明都是适合的。
1. main() 参数 
在Turbo C2.0启动过程中, 传递main()函数三个参数: argc, argv和env。
* argc: 整数, 为传给main()的命令行参数个数。
* argv: 字符串数组。
在DOS 3.X 版本中, argv[0] 为程序运行的全路径名; 对DOS 3.0
以下的版本, argv[0]为空串("") 。
argv[1] 为在DOS命令行中执行程序名后的第一个字符串;
argv[2] 为执行程序名后的第二个字符串;
...
argv[argc]为NULL。
*env: 安符串数组。env[] 的每一个元素都包含ENVVAR=value形式的字符
串。其中ENVVAR为环境变量如PATH或87。value 为ENVVAR的对应值如C:\DOS, C:
\TURBOC(对于PATH) 或YES(对于87)。
Turbo C2.0启动时总是把这三个参数传递给main()函数, 可以在用户程序中
说明(或不说明)它们, 如果说明了部分(或全部)参数, 它们就成为main()子程序
的局部变量。
请注意: 一旦想说明这些参数, 则必须按argc, argv, env 的顺序, 如以下
的例子:
main()
main(int argc)
main(int argc, char *argv[])
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) 
其中第二种情况是合法的, 但不常见, 因为在程序中很少有只用argc, 而不
用argv[]的情况。
以下提供一样例程序EXAMPLE.EXE, 演示如何在main()函数中使用三个参数:
/*program name EXAMPLE.EXE*/
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[])
{
int i;
printf("These are the %d command- line arguments passed to
main:\n\n", argc);
for(i=0; i<=argc; i++)
printf("argv[%d]:%s\n", i, argv);
8 D- `; p5 d# Pprintf("\nThe environment string(s)on this system are:\n\n"); , b. e7 d# x) _
for(i=0; env!=NULL; i++)
( [# G- h- J$ H$ ?" j& r Xprintf(" env[%d]:%s\n", i, env);
: M5 {4 ~* j/ U, [ U" G2 \# |} 
9 H" G0 n7 M7 E+ o$ a如果在DOS 提示符下, 按以下方式运行EXAMPLE.EXE:
. t% v3 c& t |C:\example first_argument "argument with blanks" 3 4 "last but " ]( A. y$ ^& Q( E( z: I
one" stop! / E. Z9 ~/ }' f/ w2 N
注意: 可以用双引号括起内含空格的参数, 如本例中的: " argument
& o, e7 A/ Z- N2 O1 F4 O& H" Ewith blanks"和"Last but one")。
/ o: ?$ G; @8 K, T. E3 _* k结果是这样的: + E7 _* n+ R' ]- q& @% Y/ i/ p
The value of argc is 7
. x4 x+ R- ^( Y) ~" I- M. [4 HThese are the 7 command-linearguments passed to main:
, u# | M# J0 [; iargv[0]:C:\TURBO\EXAMPLE.EXE
: f- I5 Q3 E1 S4 @argv[1]:first_argument
2 `0 Z, |7 x4 [3 b# ]1 f; Q& ]argv[2]:argument with blanks
, [$ T5 r% O9 T- Z2 q( G1 L) xargv[3]:3 ' b6 O0 j @5 e7 z9 Y) O
argv[4]:4 : P8 }# k! l( ]. |
argv[5]:last but one , L& _& ]0 p2 ?! }% z B A0 j
argv[6]:stop!
+ k6 q% f% f8 I5 s1 F5 \argv[7]NULL) , E* P2 U% K- x; D, T
The environment string(s) on this system are: 7 Q' W. g- ?+ _3 E0 @* S0 j3 ^
env[0]: COMSPEC=C:\COMMAND.COM
6 b- G* K0 @3 q+ Xenv[1]: PROMPT=$P$G /*视具体设置而定*/ , d/ @8 _' a4 u* ^( \4 Z. l$ t
env[2]: PATH=C:\DOS;C:\TC /*视具体设置而定*/ 4 V7 S5 u7 T3 k
. S$ I# i9 ?$ o4 \% ]/ O+ k1 p' C& \! L
应该提醒的是: 传送main() 函数的命令行参数的最大长度为128 个字符 (包 - T2 W' e" Q1 ^) |! w( [9 J# b
括参数间的空格), 这是由DOS 限制的。 4 U7 b1 F6 [: d

1 e# E6 k3 o% ?; T<>函数名: matherr 
4 h0 c- S; R. i功能: 用户可修改的数学错误处理程序 - `: j; q9 a1 c9 z4 f6 U
用法: int matherr(struct exception *e); $ L$ |4 p8 V9 A# H+ f/ d
程序例: + `5 b8 r& |/ X3 i8 t2 D8 t! J
<>/* This is a user-defined matherr function that prevents 0 k4 h2 b3 v5 R8 t/ V6 A
any error messages from being printed. */ ) E7 g! U, ?3 x) m9 i7 u# z" T
<>#include<MATH.H> 4 Q [! B: d- U' N3 K Z
<>int matherr(struct exception *a) : t* _& a/ L5 h
{
& {7 R! E! C9 y2 V/ n; g! _. x# Ureturn 1; - L8 w6 ^" H9 j! u) y: M2 a1 _2 A4 {
} 7 t) G& ?* \9 v8 }

1 A, z5 W2 f+ G3 I. W
, F. D! S# w0 a J/ j8 C& _0 p$ T3 \- x! l4 h6 E) e9 _9 S: p
<>函数名: memccpy 
+ T! k! |( r8 V \5 t功能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中
: q- d( ~1 e/ ^! R/ I, A5 j( H用法: void *memccpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned char ch,
) \9 A+ Y/ T2 i: G; runsigned n);
& p3 [" X+ j1 C6 a, v8 Z; O4 W5 o程序例: ; f& K9 I7 f! f& C+ d9 ]
<>#include <STRING.H>. \# f* Q3 B2 R$ @2 s5 ^: f+ `
#include <STDIO.H>
$ D6 \/ D6 {' i( v9 D% {( c<>int main(void) . Y4 I z5 V& C n. O) H
{ a& n; l c5 b5 ^7 F' `# l' p
char *src = "This is the source string"; a0 _- L2 g7 \- x" Y/ k
char dest[50]; 7 B1 m: n( ^ ^
char *ptr; 
: ^' G7 g! k* K; R<>ptr = memccpy(dest, src, 'c', strlen(src)); 
! s. v7 @7 ^+ U9 I/ `# i& |8 P8 q<>if (ptr) * G: S' d3 |* t9 X
{
, Z6 F+ r/ C: y$ {1 a1 w*ptr = '\0';
; Q o) d0 B M1 e1 v: D: F9 `printf("The character was found: %s\n", dest);
- {# C6 q5 G" P( F" c% }# e} 5 `2 r# }1 l v
else
$ b$ k6 e" S- }$ f* Aprintf("The character wasn't found\n"); : X" y4 f5 X8 P: P
return 0;
: |/ O8 F1 b5 k$ i} , k2 W- u( g7 e0 y; u) j1 J8 h- X

) s* a* [) q% F2 ^) `" {
) T3 Y2 }. S# J( V6 k) V<>函数名: malloc " `8 F' k$ Y( s5 f
功能: 内存分配函数 # G8 {( s; A1 @5 R$ w- v+ A
用法: void *malloc(unsigned size);
9 k Q4 m I% c7 p) m. ]8 [程序例: 
( e) U1 }6 r/ _8 H5 M/ H<>#include <STDIO.H> Z# ?7 ~! A% D2 x& f- Y6 u0 i2 \
#include <STRING.H>
6 X! L2 S* u7 M# k" C#include <ALLOC.H>
+ K6 D1 g* l5 r, ?#include <ROCESS.H>4 U( S/ m/ ?! S1 o- S2 h) |8 y$ h
<>int main(void)
1 l' r( y; c* N# p4 L{ / Q# B3 ?4 l' u p3 z
char *str; 
% M0 w ?5 L8 Y8 n) n/ x; }0 ~$ N<>/* allocate memory for string */
1 }' y9 A1 w, j4 A5 K- ]/* This will generate an error when compiling */ P7 v3 |# ` M% p
/* with C++, use the new operator instead. */
9 g* o5 D, h* W: aif ((str = malloc(10)) == NULL) 8 c5 b' Q! @8 e: j$ ~8 U3 x3 @
{
* I1 `- R1 E1 ^( } u B: ^printf("Not enough memory to allocate buffer\n");
& J% O' K) ~8 ?exit(1); /* terminate program if out of memory */ 1 j& Y5 z. {: t" ^' c. O8 ?
} 
# M0 n( e2 L& R0 G& j4 E<>/* copy "Hello" into string */ Y9 X4 a! a3 \ Q
strcpy(str, "Hello"); 8 W9 A5 j# K' ~4 q$ S
<>/* display string */
; o) n$ M2 o3 [. g w: b% Cprintf("String is %s\n", str); 
7 @9 A; X, H7 X( U/ ~<>/* free memory */ ( |9 q. z" {# [/ K+ R. \
free(str); 
# j2 p5 i+ ^2 b1 @8 _0 O<>return 0; , F5 i- Y8 }* s& F, N2 [7 `4 t) n
}
2 ]3 h* L3 e" n4 J: @( D8 Y7 ]- _; s e
' S6 _4 V$ B2 c! M; _# H3 p
 u& m/ [8 z+ I- X
<>函数名: memchr
! q! f! Z* a( K0 R0 q3 S. N功能: 在数组的前n个字节中搜索字符
- M" p6 E2 _4 J, o% @用法: void *memchr(void *s, char ch, unsigned n); 6 k$ R6 Q9 q( X& Q6 G
程序例: 8 A0 e- V0 U# [& w
<>#include <STRING.H>
6 s9 [, z* m+ m4 s& H L#include <STDIO.H>9 V2 w* m- h' |/ _) u- m
<>int main(void) 1 l- M7 o; {6 i7 Z# ~
{
+ Z9 }) `) G& ~3 \char str[17]; 8 l5 v. B$ s/ P+ C' q* m) y
char *ptr; # m; x) M9 X" z3 F. v* G9 y3 ^
<>strcpy(str, "This is a string"); 8 h$ J3 z. a1 Z& J1 J' C( T
ptr = memchr(str, 'r', strlen(str)); # e( M2 Q, d) |. \% Q3 C3 O
if (ptr)
3 @9 R ?7 W! j9 i3 Z2 Rprintf("The character 'r' is at position: %d\n", ptr - str); , \$ {0 f6 J7 {: m% U1 f
else . i1 a+ J- |5 f9 W
printf("The character was not found\n"); 7 I. T' S% P; @, s5 D% X
return 0;
! y3 ~# X; _, n4 t} 7 Z* ~* ?/ `2 I6 L

& I7 z( D( ?: u6 Q5 l& t<>函数名: memcpy % y- v7 B" T2 o0 x- ~& ]
功能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中
/ D8 R! ]% Q+ l( Q" c* }用法: void *memcpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n);
" a3 Y! e0 | d4 t& O程序例: 
& ~4 u$ ]0 v2 |" Y<>#include <STDIO.H>+ \ _* L; H, c0 f; e
#include <STRING.H>
7 u! {7 T" \9 N7 P3 b+ w- J" W0 Gint main(void)
) \2 T% B7 B0 w T{ # a Y/ Z6 N T( y' }& I/ a
char src[] = "******************************"; 8 W/ y; d* E! W$ o
char dest[] = "abcdefghijlkmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456709"; 7 E! x. \: T. u$ G% E/ X
char *ptr; ( ]8 b x2 ~% N/ n/ l: I
printf("destination before memcpy: %s\n", dest); ( e9 U$ y: @9 [9 Y: s
ptr = memcpy(dest, src, strlen(src));
. G% Z* V$ A5 G" Gif (ptr)
 Y9 F" {: M7 O& Qprintf("destination after memcpy: %s\n", dest);
+ G3 n1 e; p5 f& J) qelse . J$ O9 o3 c2 t8 R
printf("memcpy failed\n");
: E3 {+ J0 ~, L( S. ]return 0; I9 K5 j7 |1 I3 H: i9 v7 P
} . q9 f+ m% `$ _1 ]6 |$ N

6 }+ o$ x5 s) Y) i
2 ^; L; T' r3 `/ m) m$ b+ s<>函数名: memicmp , k8 G7 p# e" D; u3 s
功能: 比较两个串s1和s2的前n个字节, 忽略大小写
7 ]* k' M( |. p( \8 N用法: int memicmp(void *s1, void *s2, unsigned n);
, {- V' Z4 ~. }& S/ [程序例: 
, M+ J* s! m1 A p" O% {<>#include <STDIO.H>4 T9 K0 i! _; H. q5 L. {$ L
#include <STRING.H>
: T" X0 y- t2 ]<>int main(void) * O1 v+ h+ Y0 ~' Z# w7 q
{
1 f$ M& J( a3 K4 n) `2 n* Wchar *buf1 = "ABCDE123"; : V' v. G9 d) E9 F/ D
char *buf2 = "abcde456";
9 `, y" M" R: B+ l6 y* H: {int stat;
# e9 m4 O% Y" r0 Astat = memicmp(buf1, buf2, 5); + B* a: {+ |% y; G6 K$ o
printf("The strings to position 5 are ");
/ t; J: J* x* N4 \2 _/ c$ Bif (stat)
$ V- F6 I- a1 f) ]4 }. \) Cprintf("not ");
% J8 P S! a0 e* h; \7 o& D9 N4 eprintf("the same\n");
) L* }7 U4 l1 C- r2 H/ L+ b$ Greturn 0; * i+ `$ m5 T3 I+ E s# i4 T
}
/ A7 X7 T4 |& k0 i% U
- m% x5 t3 O( x5 i" U( J& h
 j5 l" n& w( j# i# q3 v. O<>函数名: memmove 
) u* F9 ^6 a( ?' u/ u7 M& h( A功能: 移动一块字节
5 U ~/ K9 I) W9 R/ Y" P4 K2 ^用法: void *memmove(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n);
8 G* Z, G. n' v) B$ `# b程序例: ) N) p8 O% }- d \8 w
#include <STRING.H>
( ~* ^- e" h& R# z9 J#include <STDIO.H>
4 K: B& d6 c9 ~ qint main(void)
8 F) X3 i! C& w% O3 i3 p0 r{
, b9 r6 l3 u1 a* h( D: l* O+ K# achar *dest = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"; . {- c' m, ~1 x' p5 A9 J
char *src = "******************************";
5 `$ P/ Z7 ]+ xprintf("destination prior to memmove: %s\n", dest);
! \0 ]9 F2 V8 X1 l: Q- ^memmove(dest, src, 26);
) a5 v6 \* L' g* O, Bprintf("destination after memmove: %s\n", dest); 9 w2 x) l {' X9 e1 i
return 0; 3 v7 s2 o$ e) H% a; z
}
/ H& ^+ M, Z' H- _& u( O" W, V5 f a- e4 ^- S
, ^* @% [5 F! \! m. S

: R& ^% A3 y& H/ [ y函数名: memset 
! x% ~- H1 c: Y: [# t" ~功能: 设置s中的所有字节为ch, s数组的大小由n给定
/ T' g" W' }; }用法: void *memset(void *s, char ch, unsigned n);
5 Y% j& b4 i' h6 L2 ^程序例: 
& t$ F' y( a k#include <STRING.H># G7 o: R, v3 H1 u8 r( T( {
#include <STDIO.H>
* R5 d- q8 u) R2 F: E#include <MEM.H>
! Z6 W' q" P, o- R* t [7 |int main(void)
7 b2 n' i# o# ~; Z8 {{ ( i! D% S' W7 T
char buffer[] = "Hello world\n"; ( ^" @4 b- a4 W' c8 N
printf("Buffer before memset: %s\n", buffer);
2 k6 O/ ^2 V4 k5 y" C, W q+ Zmemset(buffer, '*', strlen(buffer) - 1);
, c, ~ t% I- K$ l4 C( wprintf("Buffer after memset: %s\n", buffer);
7 H2 o' Q$ a1 ?/ `return 0; 3 m; D y7 V9 q3 G9 H
} 4 @/ z. e) S, t+ G
+ e7 N9 F- a9 R2 s
* v+ i* E) K# c! ^5 V5 ?. C
函数名: mkdir 
' r' e9 W+ ^( P; n" P; M功能: 建立一个目录 ' ~- M: j) b4 u
用法: int mkdir(char *pathname);
6 p* {! Q( m, H1 c( w6 ^程序例: 3 h+ n, E3 b6 X2 [6 u
#include <STDIO.H>4 x, z% K0 v/ [* C0 ]5 k
#include <CONIO.H>
+ K2 {( `6 p) y0 c, q9 ?8 _+ J#include <PROCESS.H>
, N# [9 R9 ~2 D. @! h/ v#include <DIR.H>5 x! G- R+ a, s- Z5 W- b# ]& G: g# K
int main(void)
4 v7 T1 \3 I4 N G5 N0 w{ % l! \9 O, i& m' A t* m: V
int status; 
- s( O" O' Y- I# Xclrscr();
6 W/ {9 x2 ?: w6 ystatus = mkdir("asdfjklm"); 8 V: N+ }0 v* B' E0 N: d$ b
(!status) ? (printf("Directory created\n")) :
9 ^0 i+ O0 s9 q% l' a' i(printf("Unable to create directory\n")); 
! x7 o; r& A4 k0 d7 g. igetch();
# M/ ^, n$ l8 m4 z8 O2 Jsystem("dir"); 4 @! [( W, D* O8 D, J" R# X
getch(); 
; t' u1 c4 c+ ~8 Ustatus = rmdir("asdfjklm"); 5 ^8 j- U- ?$ y" L" C! f- S- j
(!status) ? (printf("Directory deleted\n")) :
# f( L7 A( h; x+ d- c(perror("Unable to delete directory")); 
/ q$ z6 u9 s) V: m. M8 Qreturn 0; , t0 l5 a/ s/ ^( d ?/ v; e# k6 O
}
5 _4 E4 { Y7 [+ U; F
# p& W$ V$ x- }# Q3 w1 n+ w- V2 ?: [
# R5 b7 t$ Y4 g- p
函数名: mktemp 
 v \. d: V1 p* k# g! ^* u功能: 建立唯一的文件名
3 s) B0 N; i& [用法: char *mktemp(char *template);
5 H i: M9 b$ r( e- }- `程序例: 
7 H* c! b# Q% O% D" @: ]7 C: N/ h#include <DIR.H>
$ N( c' u6 r! \% g5 ~6 N. \#include <STDIO.H>
 `$ u' h" o# dint main(void)
$ ^6 v d' r/ E{ $ T- r( r; G6 e' H9 |. T3 R/ {, H
/* fname defines the template for the
. l0 l( X6 @/ D! W ktemporary file. */ 
1 R v5 Y, s6 }! E2 J9 q/ g# ]char *fname = "TXXXXXX", *ptr; 
; |4 r( |' `, G- f8 b3 Q5 Eptr = mktemp(fname); 6 p8 k# ]' Q6 U! T. [7 R6 c
printf("%s\n",ptr);
" `+ Q0 ^2 @, r' Mreturn 0; - A& U: A$ b h/ K+ f
}
. \9 L* t a: N
1 ]1 e+ i, D8 j- ^7 D: M5 o0 E' `; E/ D% c! s {0 `, h
函数名: MK_FP 
! C& ?; A3 c+ \0 W7 B! U0 p功能: 设置一个远指针 & H9 O: e/ N j3 `
用法: void far *MK_FP(unsigned seg, unsigned off); S `, a& J( ^3 V
程序例: % A S6 ]/ e {5 j1 o' K
#include <DOS.H>
$ t5 Y4 ~1 M D( K; f1 J7 g#include <GRAPHICS.H>5 n, i! I; B! A* v% P' t$ I
int main(void) * C3 y6 f- j4 M7 f% a# P5 O9 j5 F
{ % ]5 ]. U: o1 t2 m8 R
int gd, gm, i;
8 `1 x s: ^; s+ \1 |+ J" Hunsigned int far *screen; 7 T# }2 k, }# T0 K5 l
detectgraph(&gd, &gm);
1 Y% D+ J* P1 Gif (gd == HERCMONO)
; P0 J# x% F' ]1 o- fscreen = MK_FP(0xB000, 0);
3 L# B0 U9 \5 e$ a$ t" M( Yelse
) I, m. Z5 C0 u1 I1 n& wscreen = MK_FP(0xB800, 0); ( ^7 s" G) o$ I: G
for (i=0; i<26; i++) " _2 S! z* U) ^* O
screen = 0x0700 + ('a' + i);
; K0 Z) \1 |1 Ireturn 0; / r# ]. F b! K9 T2 I
}
3 f) L% y$ O- L7 @# c, g/ ~; a0 T7 [9 V0 T
 \8 o0 o+ p/ g3 k
函数名: modf 
& A) p4 c8 x% v0 `3 k功能: 把数分为指数和尾数 $ I' T2 u0 p4 u" j
用法: double modf(double value, double *iptr); * z! k M( ?4 X) u `
程序例: 0 s7 J5 Z6 S W
#include <MATH.H>* u4 ]+ F' j A& a- D' ^% y% b! O
#include <STDIO.H>- n# S! J( @) P4 c# k7 B! C
int main(void) 6 f4 a- R7 b7 g8 N6 J- T
{ ' ]( ^0 ?/ S" ~# s4 v( a1 [' o
double fraction, integer; : G: Q* R& D7 I% x: x
double number = 100000.567; 9 x7 L* X+ `) O: n" \1 {% J: g l
fraction = modf(number, &integer); + D F2 H- K; S- B+ b) i/ p3 B; K2 d
printf("The whole and fractional parts of %lf are %lf and %lf\n", % G% K* a3 C: }2 ~% c5 \: t5 K
number, integer, fraction);
- z" z1 `' x/ \$ `6 x& f* ereturn 0;
1 W& C7 X) g2 _9 k} + V7 U: f. V; y4 z- P2 u
' a; u5 W- d Z8 h( a! W$ h- j7 H
) J/ P. @5 \: k# R$ |3 Z
函数名: movedata 
) @% o& D- j/ a _7 e. j3 C; g; X' l功能: 拷贝字节 * i4 g4 `( a/ _' {9 I
用法: void movedata(int segsrc, int offsrc, int segdest, 8 u6 d! t' n" ~4 p) H
int offdest, unsigned numbytes); / z9 q% f9 r+ \; V% |
程序例: ) |, U8 R; ^/ Q: q, M. [& M; @7 }
#include <MEM.H>
9 ~# Z; ?# q1 x7 C6 \3 x2 t# `0 W#define MONO_BASE 0xB000 
9 {2 C- y4 u/ \( Q! _5 |' {7 O F/* saves the contents of the monochrome screen in buffer */
2 k( c5 X. o( i, @- h3 N: q qvoid save_mono_screen(char near *buffer) % F$ [. e+ T, Q% F
{
. ^8 a- x3 i# D( n( f* g, D0 Ymovedata(MONO_BASE, 0, _DS, (unsigned)buffer, 80*25*2); 8 x6 K1 e' @; A; G
} * y. J; H4 e3 T( N9 o
int main(void) ! P" C m' j- ^* X8 Z
{ ' z1 n- @: ^8 ^( }6 D; W, U* t
char buf[80*25*2]; 0 `; Y3 y( n4 x: \& C5 B
save_mono_screen(buf);
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函数名: moverel 
# y; f) j: D; q2 C! v t- M, V; g功能: 将当前位置(CP)移动一相对距离 {9 P2 P4 s. M
用法: void far moverel(int dx, int dy); ! o) Y' [+ d3 r1 `% @. v
程序例: 
) Q! {) y$ Y" ?$ s+ k, C6 C2 \2 s# ?#include <GRAPHICS.H>% x5 r: H9 ^9 [$ R ?/ J& b& B
#include <STDLIB.H>
: R6 |7 A- |# U y0 ]; Z3 ?#include <STDIO.H>4 P& y" ? j7 H2 o H
#include <CONIO.H>: N G( d) ^- j, ?
int main(void)
6 g0 }6 O2 }5 s! S* g{
9 }; ?! z9 c7 @, O1 H* h6 s/* request auto detection */ 7 Y# B7 K% i6 h' G' _ z
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ `4 ]& g( Z9 `3 ^( V
char msg[80]; 
0 X& G5 v7 h8 @5 P- \: J" ]/* initialize graphics and local variables */
9 p' F; O- a5 f( _1 Hinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
# f; o2 j n# _0 l+ [1 r7 v/* read result of initialization */
4 I2 M8 I. L) B/ [- j. `errorcode = graphresult();
# }2 [1 d: G. o2 i) gif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
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printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
/ i& R( w) [( t* g1 Iprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 c" k' c. g# f9 I" ]
getch();
, Z/ g% }: t/ gexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
9 C7 ?+ _9 x$ o8 i# } U$ k} 
( Y; Q/ f0 j1 ^% k( \/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */
% U4 L0 ^7 C6 V3 x$ L; |; i: ]moveto(20, 30); ! i# h! e$ e+ {: E' Z; h! f% @
/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
1 ^7 P: D( Y0 `1 O6 y) Fputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 5 F" j6 v( C6 a6 U" J
/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */
6 r4 ~2 y9 s9 m! [7 G, i+ msprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
3 p+ f; ]6 Z y- P' R1 kouttextxy(20, 30, msg); . d! F$ w- ?7 |' }* ^' x
/* move to a point a relative distance */
7 m( k8 f h R/ N$ A! H h2 Z/* away from the current value of C.P. */ - f+ J" [2 A- n# w3 b
moverel(100, 100); 
& Z4 K3 O) J- _' t# `/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
& a+ A- {& a7 Jputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 
! h4 Z$ z* Q& ]6 S, p/* create and output a message at C.P. */ L; j8 p: k" _1 P# M" {0 x5 Y7 i
sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
/ |) _8 s- G" routtext(msg); ; F" j9 w! }8 p9 D. d3 n' L
/* clean up */ 8 g4 m" }2 }( v6 O- }2 ?' _2 O
getch();
+ O7 \4 X/ Q$ i2 Rclosegraph(); 1 O* ~5 i7 ^8 e6 Y. h6 x
return 0;
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7 U$ F1 \# C6 F- I. [: g, v5 T9 ?函数名: movetext - \! h* n5 h' s7 U3 j
功能: 将屏幕文本从一个矩形区域拷贝到另一个矩形区域 0 S/ l$ D5 V* K! G! r, d# y
用法: int movetext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, ) u# [8 H/ k4 M, _1 {7 S
int newleft, int newtop);
/ Z& X! B" V- u% Q# m) G% K程序例: 6 |0 @; O+ z, F0 V% {2 p
#include <CONIO.H>5 o+ I" n+ T/ G- Q; `5 g& ^( B. X
#include <STRING.H>' z* M1 ~7 P" a S' X
int main(void)
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char *str = "This is a test string"; 7 I' V3 R0 \& k: ~) n) @
clrscr(); ( s) e7 ^5 i, h) Z2 l; |' {
cputs(str); + [/ ^4 K3 U/ v" x# ]
getch(); 
: b# F3 D) p8 @: Vmovetext(1, 1, strlen(str), 2, 10, 10);
' i3 s* w' m# hgetch(); 5 h9 Z& Q( [9 I. ]
return 0;
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2 v \, i1 {# L

6 s" b$ }$ h. x* c w0 C- T) ^函数名: moveto - Y& V! R1 R5 Y0 R+ y& |
功能: 将CP移到(x, y)
# D7 J( [2 _- [5 g4 G2 v2 N用法: void far moveto(int x, int y);
7 ^9 m. X8 Q" N# C: P程序例: ' p9 p f# p2 E' I
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
+ ]; ^* w3 j1 x% K#include <STDLIB.H>2 n* {0 I$ T0 d2 f9 \& O7 G
#include <STDIO.H>" a5 o' t+ [0 B7 Q
#include <CONIO.H>" K, z% w h2 P+ h/ C" P
int main(void) * \: Z/ j* A6 w2 j1 D% k7 j0 b
{ 0 G. F8 D) g% B, V1 r3 j
/* request auto detection */
! X1 A W; f @: \, g# H1 wint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
+ g) B1 c: i2 }! _$ Lchar msg[80]; - U+ t. D9 R/ [: _0 ^& y! C
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
+ c$ n4 a: f7 B$ u% Jinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 w( ?* E6 Q2 B: [/ B" H2 ?
/* read result of initialization */ 9 e8 g( F' \ ~# b; m
errorcode = graphresult(); ' m" f' [0 \+ d& _7 ~
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ / E) @$ y+ }" Z) U
{
2 J; M `3 |& y A; G7 m$ Q& dprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * `" ^6 g) Z6 O: F
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 A, m. G; n' z( v) B4 p D5 a1 W, a: b" S
getch();
2 Z# R* q6 ?: ^9 d! f, Vexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) [$ A, P. t+ S' L
} 
! e* |. G9 ?) r2 K1 ^1 H/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */ ; f: d. E* A% i1 i& L( Q
moveto(20, 30); 0 _5 c! L* H" h* b0 }8 A
/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
" ]! e, B2 \& R& W7 tputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 
 ?! j' t9 ~3 w. e4 |2 |6 x8 \/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */
2 S' H- Z7 z2 R1 E6 ~5 Ssprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
. P$ L2 g( W3 ]& mouttextxy(20, 30, msg); 
 L4 h7 X9 j2 ^; _! N" Y/* move to (100, 100) */
1 y9 q) c; H, Zmoveto(100, 100); 
( }. w$ `* G8 y" J" x/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */ / b- u8 T; I2 V X! v" f1 _
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 
+ \% Q) [% M8 S$ a7 _2 F/ F/* create and output a message at C.P. */ * F% o4 A2 p3 b/ x% X
sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety()); ( M5 Q; m) K3 m
outtext(msg); 
4 d: F+ O$ l+ }4 U* X* n/* clean up */ % \! ~. j" @, t/ Z! G
getch();
' t2 P: P' V c8 u' _' Iclosegraph(); * H+ ~* E+ G2 i! H& }' X {; ]8 q
return 0; * `. m/ a/ s, Y
}
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函数名: movemem # z) Z; V) R. k: Z+ ]
功能: 移动一块字节 ) V. Q3 n, G( |
用法: void movemem(void *source, void *destin, unsigned len);
' v. R) j! G- ?9 }* R* ?" t, N程序例: 
' R) s0 j {* a, L. U, C#include <MEM.H>. d: }; N: _; p( g( K& u
#include <ALLOC.H>
7 D! w7 k/ V- m/ k+ \, y#include <STDIO.H>
, N# {, H. \" D" J# z#include <STRING.H>
! J+ z9 J1 C! h' i, ]: Bint main(void) 5 S3 T) |, y5 k( s) Q
{
8 D! F5 e2 h2 k- _) i; ^( y: S! hchar *source = "Borland International";
8 ^4 F) v' H3 D' J, J3 x6 Dchar *destination; * b7 o, s1 k) y/ q# Y% M* }& A c& w
int length; / m% u$ ~( H7 J/ V
length = strlen(source); , {' O# x. {2 d! f" Q0 R
destination = malloc(length + 1);
& w- N- g1 I6 H$ Qmovmem(source,destination,length); 6 w4 q4 C# j- r0 a1 q) C! E
printf("%s\n",destination); 
 j" P7 p" d( Y( ]9 G5 M5 {8 s$ sreturn 0;
! {# Z% N1 `+ V6 \# q0 {7 h} * _. p% ^/ P/ C4 o! g1 E. g

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函数名: normvideo 
. A K' r0 _3 ~3 W功能: 选择正常亮度字符 3 v8 P8 C4 Z, c5 w2 l& R
用法: void normvideo(void); 1 K5 g8 Q, k, o
程序例: * i! _; _: g* f- U' i- L
#include <CONIO.H>2 u, ?" ^" i# Q3 N9 z
int main(void) 6 P: r3 D1 u, G4 @* J6 |! u
{ 0 G3 l/ ^ U' q( x- s
normvideo();
- ]. b; i* G8 o0 S, `# G: Acprintf("NORMAL Intensity Text\r\n");
* h6 j3 Z- B- l" M! Lreturn 0;
3 F" q C+ b" B( ?) ]2 k0 L}
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函数名: nosound
% [+ _# W& ?1 o% D9 ]功能: 关闭PC扬声器
# j e" f/ B0 K8 I- L( g/ x用法: void nosound(void); 3 P3 ^: r' P! U
程序例: 
5 v5 D( S7 k e$ V" Q+ p/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. + c# k6 r, [! C7 G
True story: 7 Hz is the resonant frequency of a chicken's skull cavity.
! J( v) B' w- \. v, zThis was determined empirically in Australia, where a new factory . i+ c& P/ R' M0 |
generating 7-Hz tones was located too close to a chicken ranch:
0 u" _! O( X2 ?& j6 GWhen the factory started up, all the chickens died. * f e1 i" d3 T
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone.
- u3 R( ^! F% b% W8 M*/ 
* U# k x" K$ Q- V* v) Lint main(void)
0 u6 C, J {# T% k1 G: ], i{
4 z X, Z' D4 \6 I& m, Bsound(7); 8 a6 ]9 j% Y/ N( ^ }
delay(10000);
+ s3 ^" l; \- G5 l6 Wnosound(); t" P( ]8 H% f% S8 o' d& z+ _
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