Habitat considerations for parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera) Mark

雩风三日

Habitat considerations for parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera)  Mark
生境考虑为寄生黄蜂(膜翅目)标记

      Parasitic wasps operate at a high trophic level and, because of their biology, tend to be highly specialised, sometimes having very narrow host ranges with at least local monophagy a frequent outcome. These features, in addition to our poor state of autecological knowledge, render them particularly vulnerable in conservation terms and suggest that their habitat needs should be analysed differently from those of most other insects. The basic life history of parasitic wasps and some of the ways in which they interact with host populations and in communities are outlined. Then, against a background of very limited autecological data, and therefore somewhat speculatively, habitat parameters that seem likely to be of importance to parasitoids are discussed, largely by reference to the host relations and ecology of ichneumonoid parasitoids of Lepidoptera in N. W. Europe. Some considerations of environmental change are included.

      寄生蜂在高营养水平上运作，而且由于它们的生物学特性，往往是高度分化的，有时宿主范围很窄，至少经常出现局部的单食现象。这些特征，加上我们对自身生态学知识的匮乏，使它们在保护方面特别脆弱，并建议对它们的栖息地需求的分析应有别于大多数其他昆虫。概述了寄生蜂的基本生活史以及它们与宿主种群和群体相互作用的一些方式。然后，在非常有限的自生态学数据背景下，通过参考北欧鳞翅目ichneumonoid寄生蜂的寄主关系和生态学来讨论可能对寄生蜂有重要意义的栖息地参数。其中包括一些对环境变化的考虑。

Key words: Environmental change, Host relations, Ichneumonoidea, Life history, Parasitoids
关键词:环境变化，寄主关系，姬蜂总科，生活史，拟寄生物abstract