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函数大全(m开头)

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align=center>函数大全(m开头)
<

align=left>main()主函数
每一C 程序都 必须 有一main()函数, 可以根据自己的爱好把它放在程序的某
个地方。有些程序员把它放在最前面, 而另一些程序员把它放在最后面, 无论放
在哪个地方, 以下几点说明都是适合的。
1. main() 参数 
在Turbo C2.0启动过程中, 传递main()函数三个参数: argc, argv和env。
* argc: 整数, 为传给main()的命令行参数个数。
* argv: 字符串数组。
在DOS 3.X 版本中, argv[0] 为程序运行的全路径名; 对DOS 3.0
以下的版本, argv[0]为空串("") 。
argv[1] 为在DOS命令行中执行程序名后的第一个字符串;
argv[2] 为执行程序名后的第二个字符串;
...
argv[argc]为NULL。
*env: 安符串数组。env[] 的每一个元素都包含ENVVAR=value形式的字符
串。其中ENVVAR为环境变量如PATH或87。value 为ENVVAR的对应值如C:\DOS, C:
\TURBOC(对于PATH) 或YES(对于87)。
Turbo C2.0启动时总是把这三个参数传递给main()函数, 可以在用户程序中
说明(或不说明)它们, 如果说明了部分(或全部)参数, 它们就成为main()子程序
的局部变量。
请注意: 一旦想说明这些参数, 则必须按argc, argv, env 的顺序, 如以下
的例子:
main()
main(int argc)
main(int argc, char *argv[])
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) 
其中第二种情况是合法的, 但不常见, 因为在程序中很少有只用argc, 而不
用argv[]的情况。
以下提供一样例程序EXAMPLE.EXE, 演示如何在main()函数中使用三个参数:
/*program name EXAMPLE.EXE*/
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[])
{
int i;
printf("These are the %d command- line arguments passed to
main:\n\n", argc);
for(i=0; i<=argc; i++)
printf("argv[%d]:%s\n", i, argv);
0 i7 G7 p k/ M2 dprintf("\nThe environment string(s)on this system are:\n\n");
. S* v; y: Y+ O l4 }3 Nfor(i=0; env!=NULL; i++)
; v+ n/ ]; h/ \1 X+ `printf(" env[%d]:%s\n", i, env); . _) T# W! B) k6 `4 K Y
} ; d8 k" \% d% t c6 K7 }' b
如果在DOS 提示符下, 按以下方式运行EXAMPLE.EXE: 0 ]" \" U3 u8 e; T: O
C:\example first_argument "argument with blanks" 3 4 "last but
- r/ r. B# i# X K2 h# Vone" stop! ) G# O+ R+ j3 h" V7 f' G
注意: 可以用双引号括起内含空格的参数, 如本例中的: " argument
1 B: i' T1 p+ _ \with blanks"和"Last but one")。 " N8 O. X( G- @, P$ c
结果是这样的: " _* q2 K# P) P5 N2 C
The value of argc is 7
2 N2 f2 \- U @3 ?6 pThese are the 7 command-linearguments passed to main: 7 d5 e# a* D( t1 ^, t8 a
argv[0]:C:\TURBO\EXAMPLE.EXE : ~: [: W# v% j7 F
argv[1]:first_argument 9 V1 A8 O+ s% [2 u
argv[2]:argument with blanks
9 S' \5 ~ O6 A8 Z9 m# Gargv[3]:3
9 ^. e1 P4 n. w' M$ P- sargv[4]:4
2 b; |' ~0 i+ sargv[5]:last but one
' z4 T+ r c* c) L) Q2 a. z/ _argv[6]:stop! ) M$ z# z+ G) J1 {, }9 `$ L
argv[7]NULL) 0 p, r7 u3 u3 F& s
The environment string(s) on this system are: ) r& d3 a. m3 l. O6 N
env[0]: COMSPEC=C:\COMMAND.COM % |2 y5 O: l) Y6 n
env[1]: PROMPT=$P$G /*视具体设置而定*/ & @. `7 x @2 D& r/ n
env[2]: PATH=C:\DOS;C:\TC /*视具体设置而定*/ . n% N3 z: V3 L2 e* L% L; \/ e

6 k- b+ u( I2 Z# X8 ]应该提醒的是: 传送main() 函数的命令行参数的最大长度为128 个字符 (包
6 w6 Y$ b8 O. m4 g; g/ ]# j3 h) n1 [括参数间的空格), 这是由DOS 限制的。 * T. H; v9 X5 Q. @
$ H" J) I" o- f: q$ r
<>函数名: matherr 
7 J! x X8 v/ M9 i7 b7 `8 o功能: 用户可修改的数学错误处理程序 0 F9 D& b, L3 E! B. P0 }
用法: int matherr(struct exception *e);
2 t& [& w9 x% g: q4 \程序例: + Y9 r8 a! c; l5 H- Q. D
<>/* This is a user-defined matherr function that prevents $ G! A) A9 Q& C
any error messages from being printed. */ 1 U& F" C9 N- p% @/ A4 S! O4 }
<>#include<MATH.H> 
, K0 d, C; L9 C- z$ _+ c9 n<>int matherr(struct exception *a)
: x7 C x7 b$ e+ f1 d8 |{
return 1;
2 `: \/ G [' |# O& v. j} 6 f: W% J4 q" G" `, u
! C7 h7 p9 X, {: H6 G; O( ]1 d1 i8 C

$ w& j' H# x+ y0 b1 V7 K& |6 A% A- L7 b# I* u; I( X8 r
<>函数名: memccpy 8 k4 P6 ~2 b' Z1 P# R5 ~/ ]
功能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中
9 @; U- f+ Z" D& s; Y8 f2 A用法: void *memccpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned char ch,
! B( {& r, d* v8 S: A" t6 Yunsigned n); 9 R" J- `# E+ m& M" z A
程序例: : M6 ~$ O. K. x2 v$ J; d
<>#include <STRING.H>
, W Y- @6 I2 {3 U D. b7 e#include <STDIO.H>; `; U2 I# J/ @0 b9 c9 X
<>int main(void) " X* j( n$ `# Z. J; J
{
7 `& Q8 W" _ P& k' bchar *src = "This is the source string";
) f: A" b, q6 Z9 v! }char dest[50];
/ `# k. N# t) U$ Lchar *ptr; " m5 U, T' g" y
<>ptr = memccpy(dest, src, 'c', strlen(src)); 
4 s( h. a. p9 k& m! J8 q- i<>if (ptr) : {3 a# N* Y/ T1 }. q0 E
{ % x' R& \5 L# E
*ptr = '\0'; + S. Q, L3 a8 S
printf("The character was found: %s\n", dest); * E( J8 L' R" h$ {9 y, Z
}
5 W% V# }8 s! ~6 Telse 6 [( S; T, b" @1 F @* B" g8 O3 H0 W
printf("The character wasn't found\n");
: z0 `& F8 F8 ]2 |3 _return 0; 2 [8 ?( x4 i$ R5 G! O3 |+ i6 w/ M
}
, @( s4 L9 @9 g/ ]) ?7 `3 S) x* y( w- p# w( D# |- K

6 k) E7 H- ~$ z8 u# F4 f<>函数名: malloc
% d2 U3 q4 \" ]2 p功能: 内存分配函数 ; c2 E2 o% y% d/ |0 H
用法: void *malloc(unsigned size); * y4 U& x( v% N A
程序例: 
# ?) S+ Y7 Y: `$ R# p<>#include <STDIO.H>
* h4 _) e. V0 j5 u$ X#include <STRING.H>
. Y$ ]* l" U4 l#include <ALLOC.H>
3 U: G+ z$ w0 h: B" f#include <ROCESS.H>; j, r% |1 C- i* g ~/ a$ C/ F
<>int main(void)
: b: J/ c( w6 P7 U. Y{
8 _8 ^: i$ l' h/ V Zchar *str; 
) g' W/ h! z: h3 L<>/* allocate memory for string */
4 A% y, V1 W1 U! p0 d/* This will generate an error when compiling */
! {8 T3 j" m! d3 x! U2 h/* with C++, use the new operator instead. */ / H; e: j8 o) [8 ^+ ~
if ((str = malloc(10)) == NULL) ( `# v$ C/ I d) b
{ ! N& ^& R# P6 J
printf("Not enough memory to allocate buffer\n");
5 N' [8 k4 Z5 A8 Nexit(1); /* terminate program if out of memory */
0 n! d8 R; y9 z( I} : F" z5 b& o& \& S9 L
<>/* copy "Hello" into string */
6 q+ K0 a% N; o% c, d# Cstrcpy(str, "Hello"); 
# d- X& ~- D+ u+ k0 m: v: I" b* ?9 ^/ a<>/* display string */ 1 w$ ] `( d7 T. `/ q5 V! g! [
printf("String is %s\n", str); 
% ~+ N _( z8 ?<>/* free memory */
5 J8 R6 [5 i9 w; _3 _% pfree(str); * s) J& @6 i3 R
<>return 0; $ N0 z1 \- U! Q( z% b6 T
}
4 B4 h- u: d1 d* ]/ w$ ]7 }, v* v* d- |6 ^5 M

8 h& A5 U( t' d
% ~/ q( f8 N5 z0 \<>函数名: memchr `% q, s+ H1 M) t8 v5 C2 a
功能: 在数组的前n个字节中搜索字符
2 U8 @' X3 n! X用法: void *memchr(void *s, char ch, unsigned n); & @8 f7 {; s" v* c S
程序例: 
9 B0 O9 u( N9 e* ]' ]: e" J- {<>#include <STRING.H>
( E' s( M) Q) H6 T' ?; Z#include <STDIO.H>
0 O: A" ] [3 n' R<>int main(void) 5 {: f8 ]# w1 b) O+ C A
{ - y: W; w: \ w
char str[17]; ! i/ m ~, i1 l; M r
char *ptr; 
) M# p6 [! h7 v# @( L<>strcpy(str, "This is a string");
+ }7 C+ j! g/ o: D9 @3 @; L; l" Q, {ptr = memchr(str, 'r', strlen(str));
; |+ o' c) Q, Y. _if (ptr)
 n( w* |8 E, ]$ w/ qprintf("The character 'r' is at position: %d\n", ptr - str); ; a" A+ _4 f0 P9 |4 |! h
else
% B/ A3 ]6 Y, o; C* gprintf("The character was not found\n"); 5 K3 z% U- L8 U
return 0;
1 G0 N: R* m2 T+ w} , s- E' I# B$ X5 _
5 q7 \' q/ P6 z8 ^6 L
<>函数名: memcpy : k8 f$ Y1 |9 a
功能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中
, O& Y; \! T0 a, z. {1 ?. Q用法: void *memcpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n);
' x7 i% h9 _) k g: ]/ z1 f程序例: 0 v0 c5 n& Q5 P
<>#include <STDIO.H>& S3 L5 _ _5 W- f
#include <STRING.H>4 h5 x& O. ?) v7 Q9 e" b4 K0 M; E! `6 _
int main(void) 7 z( ]) Y5 h e! \/ h
{
2 N2 L7 u) f; A Wchar src[] = "******************************"; $ w9 o l Y' @4 O% |- n- Q+ O
char dest[] = "abcdefghijlkmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456709"; & e+ b' g% X4 }) @: H
char *ptr; - d# I7 h1 K7 q) n: T
printf("destination before memcpy: %s\n", dest); : e& S7 q6 K: [) Z* H
ptr = memcpy(dest, src, strlen(src));
( h/ t. j- W$ p1 B" k4 eif (ptr) + n+ Q: u8 Q" S: i
printf("destination after memcpy: %s\n", dest);
( ~) W/ L" S/ _! A$ m# _else ) H( {3 f/ X9 k6 C- A- M- Z" ]
printf("memcpy failed\n");
/ [5 N% R% U' ~; u, Q4 H. Ireturn 0; 5 A3 u1 Y, ^' Z) ]8 g
} 6 z6 K! Z; ]. g5 B6 A- Q! Y
6 h6 n+ B( |% j1 y: p

# J* _2 }1 z. y7 u+ b<>函数名: memicmp . S: {# r1 H7 @
功能: 比较两个串s1和s2的前n个字节, 忽略大小写
( T/ i( e! T; h: K* F用法: int memicmp(void *s1, void *s2, unsigned n);
$ I' B- |2 t+ M3 D程序例: , v6 B x1 K5 a( F, k! c; w
<>#include <STDIO.H>
, `8 Q& Z9 ]. N3 b; q#include <STRING.H>
; Q2 l, x% _; e8 o<>int main(void) & }! j- g' s# Z7 x1 w' r3 K
{ 5 |9 C* j# g% I/ b* v
char *buf1 = "ABCDE123";
% `7 I3 l7 u, ~: p) {# k( _1 H6 Gchar *buf2 = "abcde456";
; Q% M( g2 _. O. A0 r7 u/ x0 Pint stat;
3 c' x. ~3 |2 R1 H9 Ystat = memicmp(buf1, buf2, 5);
+ T, r0 V) ?: k& o+ zprintf("The strings to position 5 are "); . h9 i1 W% e1 Q
if (stat) * w6 _! _1 q* q0 A
printf("not ");
+ S+ T3 c9 m% l) xprintf("the same\n"); + X% ~4 y' }3 p! }
return 0; * F' r; ^' @& Z" s( \0 g w- ]
}
. t9 \" r# ]1 V7 q. y3 R4 X9 i: S
2 E; m* {+ z: Y! Z
# o" R" U# {% D6 O2 W0 y F- N<>函数名: memmove # s% |. C% f! M& h: m5 Q$ b, k
功能: 移动一块字节 2 I& u0 z' }' t, P H
用法: void *memmove(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n);
% j S2 P ?/ o程序例: 
4 o0 T7 r( U. p) M#include <STRING.H>
 d8 @. D# g; ]8 g8 v#include <STDIO.H>
" v, v7 I" M, m6 \0 W5 Fint main(void) 9 j- [( j1 Y2 e) x
{ 5 n, p$ C0 ~4 K: D( _
char *dest = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
3 B9 |/ G% J0 h, V& d. K8 tchar *src = "******************************"; . T! o% l. V% F# i& w$ {: O# ^( w) |9 F
printf("destination prior to memmove: %s\n", dest);
* P* }( S) s2 Bmemmove(dest, src, 26); 9 r' n6 L6 k: a, f$ I( O# k% h, t: l
printf("destination after memmove: %s\n", dest);
: X: E! e" m% X r& a9 yreturn 0;
+ g5 |! F" w" m i6 M} ! {# T. d" ^, s6 O- E. i
! K, \ q3 B5 D, U0 _0 ^& Q
% c$ {" {& E+ T7 U6 } X' i
( I) T x. S! e9 H9 O# ]5 \- V6 I% N
函数名: memset 
& q4 l+ g3 G1 U功能: 设置s中的所有字节为ch, s数组的大小由n给定
4 Q& {3 g1 Z4 E4 Z T. N% Y5 g用法: void *memset(void *s, char ch, unsigned n);
! A3 t+ L- r" R2 C2 A9 f% Z$ B9 {% r程序例: 
$ v0 R4 b! v' }& O( v1 K# ?#include <STRING.H>
- b' t: M p. u L6 P: t, K#include <STDIO.H>% O: B% c7 D5 C
#include <MEM.H>; D9 ]( g# a( ]
int main(void) 9 U8 [: Y1 [7 x- p4 D7 U3 A R
{
7 |1 p; N8 e. _0 u* G1 z0 echar buffer[] = "Hello world\n"; 
 j) ~! h& A9 E; P" b' Uprintf("Buffer before memset: %s\n", buffer); 6 q! {% B8 j4 s: Z1 m0 n9 P3 }
memset(buffer, '*', strlen(buffer) - 1); B. ?1 L K+ Z* I: q
printf("Buffer after memset: %s\n", buffer);
$ s9 X; ]6 i" D+ yreturn 0; " G. x5 R2 o; _! }" G3 [
} $ X5 }+ l4 h4 W- @/ U
/ F0 b" f9 ~3 v$ [. V
7 D9 X H& r! q0 D5 e8 [
函数名: mkdir 
6 F1 s h2 |! h: G% I& X6 M功能: 建立一个目录
( o: [. }$ f0 v+ \用法: int mkdir(char *pathname); ; i, u9 p$ L, g$ f% ~
程序例: " y3 D' M n" E
#include <STDIO.H>+ A9 W" |2 k8 S
#include <CONIO.H>) G+ P& U1 b7 l
#include <PROCESS.H>
! |4 g. J. F; ?, D* ^4 e5 z, C#include <DIR.H>! u0 Y3 f2 D4 n3 u3 u, [" o9 {
int main(void)
& h( e( |) y* o, |) T8 {7 J{
int status; 
# D' K2 K5 u, {8 z' W1 b& Y+ `2 \clrscr(); 7 T- g- e& J5 O1 f# U& ?
status = mkdir("asdfjklm"); 0 c% \! W) m) U
(!status) ? (printf("Directory created\n")) : % T+ b$ }: X: g% b, U
(printf("Unable to create directory\n")); 
( M1 t/ h: N! U% z3 Sgetch(); / K; T+ E% _9 q7 N- o
system("dir");
. h" b# O- w. l! }/ P& ogetch(); % u) T1 u/ w+ J4 |3 {8 f' f
status = rmdir("asdfjklm"); & o! J8 w$ q* b: g. @
(!status) ? (printf("Directory deleted\n")) : ' r0 Q- i8 o9 `. r0 v6 I+ \
(perror("Unable to delete directory")); 
8 @* f2 }2 O. s2 k& I9 Wreturn 0;
1 }; ^# h" ]9 `/ W}
7 H+ z. H; \8 M1 Q( r- b8 S. |/ ~, R8 @9 c8 G* G2 [/ ~+ v

9 t& j5 h# y- b5 u2 }, `) e/ s$ e! G) v3 H7 c2 `) e
函数名: mktemp 
& }9 w6 B% i) ~9 X0 U功能: 建立唯一的文件名
/ R7 N1 H6 I5 m& u8 c* g z0 b用法: char *mktemp(char *template);
# V c. m+ N, A( l; G! X- G- n程序例: 
0 G3 D: ]7 S8 X+ t! \8 {#include <DIR.H>
4 e' g6 ~# H, ~#include <STDIO.H>
7 Z& Y* u9 ]0 ?& C' a& Bint main(void) 8 t0 @- s3 e$ W5 x/ k: K( u
{ @& r: p, o9 X8 {9 ?
/* fname defines the template for the 3 n& J, W) ^' M
temporary file. */ 
8 Q. h q( J6 `. q, b- Dchar *fname = "TXXXXXX", *ptr; ; ]; o( x& M0 C% Q8 s3 e
ptr = mktemp(fname);
) E* H/ I+ {/ }+ A" N5 tprintf("%s\n",ptr);
' Y' n" m: R {" K! ^ m4 nreturn 0; . j. C: M. S4 t0 T' P6 Y
} 1 X Z4 U- x4 x5 b7 S
* ~' I! M* T$ B( n' M5 a+ C
# T5 D4 r6 U `& x5 l1 }% K
函数名: MK_FP 9 w$ G1 I3 x! Z% v/ K, O
功能: 设置一个远指针 4 F1 a, c+ b8 q4 c
用法: void far *MK_FP(unsigned seg, unsigned off);
3 }- m7 t" {" ~5 n; o程序例: / F) X/ T6 Z# R# l/ h3 a# r2 B
#include <DOS.H>/ l& h. b# F4 e4 y) `
#include <GRAPHICS.H># F! d. n' a* n5 n0 ?% W
int main(void)
6 ?; K9 l8 I% |3 t{
# c) |* r# |5 u' \ Q0 sint gd, gm, i;
8 C7 \$ W1 y; t/ gunsigned int far *screen; 4 T) [7 d/ {2 X1 ~4 e4 e
detectgraph(&gd, &gm); 1 x6 V( f+ ~- p$ @' G! V
if (gd == HERCMONO) 8 O0 u# g0 w$ V. m; U8 F4 j
screen = MK_FP(0xB000, 0); 0 ~" H. K1 k3 P9 Z* n( P
else ' o3 W5 H* y* ], t: I$ f: _' Z( d
screen = MK_FP(0xB800, 0); 0 Z/ r9 b t% h+ t# Z
for (i=0; i<26; i++)
( F% r t' \ S( e# }) h- Yscreen = 0x0700 + ('a' + i); 9 v. {4 |* v: [( V$ x
return 0; - ]/ a W; h0 V; N- l: n/ @
}
9 L1 ^$ b! S* F* J6 s& S7 `- g" I4 b9 }

; ~4 u% Q1 i4 O+ ]+ K函数名: modf 7 O7 V! G9 ]7 x- ]* v3 R# K
功能: 把数分为指数和尾数
3 W# O$ p" L: ~8 M" n$ P0 F: o3 ?0 K用法: double modf(double value, double *iptr); ! J5 F! n. M3 P8 @& p+ M3 r9 O* z
程序例: 7 r* a( e4 ?1 T7 w' B: x
#include <MATH.H>0 A8 x7 j& i' _/ D# E% s# F- }
#include <STDIO.H>
# ]0 V9 j0 b0 T( Zint main(void) 2 i" I ?3 ?1 S, O
{
3 \- p# o, h; n7 ~% e% p3 g# cdouble fraction, integer;
- p( Q1 T) K- K, \# o: E+ idouble number = 100000.567; 0 O }3 a' P8 T: m
fraction = modf(number, &integer); 1 d# F% m7 h& z& O, B% \- \
printf("The whole and fractional parts of %lf are %lf and %lf\n", . q0 g1 C& r# V7 N7 a
number, integer, fraction); / K/ f: ^ ]- K6 W B( F5 Y
return 0;
: M- t; m5 P: h; B& T} 
 X) g V: T/ D# D2 V. d. T! ~5 g
& v* @' U+ b6 z
7 ?5 J0 m* g7 f5 ~) T7 U# v. G; P4 B函数名: movedata ( K& V3 l; ~+ }! f: H! H. ?. l
功能: 拷贝字节
# V$ C* v( i3 Y6 A用法: void movedata(int segsrc, int offsrc, int segdest,
8 t# _# G$ p) E, C7 y8 F% z% dint offdest, unsigned numbytes);
& G, ^, t% X: `6 x' _; [& W程序例: 
# \5 @3 I. C9 H; e) p: C& R& Y#include <MEM.H>
$ T8 N, c" Y3 k#define MONO_BASE 0xB000 0 o) z# b% h9 p6 z
/* saves the contents of the monochrome screen in buffer */
: h$ j$ l0 D. H9 @7 ?4 E: Hvoid save_mono_screen(char near *buffer) 6 T2 f2 P+ _% a7 a9 m# w3 E/ Y
{ # t D' Q \+ i- @- J3 r/ T: m% \* Q0 p
movedata(MONO_BASE, 0, _DS, (unsigned)buffer, 80*25*2); 0 F: d. r' C9 X) V4 r1 e! ?+ l
} . J3 W" j J9 o
int main(void) 9 c& r. t2 o9 H1 G( ^
{ 3 c# p" z) @/ F( S) C$ a
char buf[80*25*2]; 9 ^: @" o$ F& _9 Z
save_mono_screen(buf); 8 w Z; l/ x- O0 P, T( A
} 8 ]& e9 ?) l" z& v6 \/ D* g; J4 U; p
1 y$ a' V+ E" @- B4 y
9 _0 G! f k. X4 [
函数名: moverel 1 e, C( d0 \% l* \
功能: 将当前位置(CP)移动一相对距离 + q; P6 N3 f2 ^
用法: void far moverel(int dx, int dy); V+ U9 |3 R- {% |
程序例: 6 F/ S6 Z7 j; q! ~" k9 P
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# l% n' N @0 ?3 k$ z#include <STDLIB.H>
: g7 [+ \8 o% G& s! s#include <STDIO.H>/ G+ [1 v$ b' x
#include <CONIO.H>
( U+ Y4 O. H" K! Y( N. O7 }int main(void) : z+ ~" R+ e) H5 M# z* q* U
{
, ?8 y+ u4 F. Z- {/* request auto detection */ * P) K' ^% q, k9 t9 |
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; - K9 c; H) F$ \! o( S
char msg[80]; 
/ a% E( |3 g/ w% e- q4 L/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 8 p) r4 D! a0 O, L! c; k
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
: a2 l$ a ~5 j7 K. C$ h. `5 l! B/* read result of initialization */ $ w# G1 a. R P4 P7 Z: w8 F
errorcode = graphresult(); ! v8 O8 {( P1 G$ D2 C
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
& X; E2 y1 y, m$ b7 J{
' J/ p. T6 p$ {& b3 M5 m* Iprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); h v6 M+ m6 x W, v" l/ ?0 }9 y) m
printf("Press any key to halt:");
1 F4 D7 n) C2 P2 C' W) vgetch(); 2 J8 ^9 C+ j+ ^: a4 c. v9 [* x
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
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. o9 i/ B% S, y" ^ B/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */
# L$ Z) y5 q3 V: r9 ]+ r! w" d# pmoveto(20, 30); 0 S5 W [) C3 c. h4 q, m& _
/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */ 6 @) e" o. I2 F# [2 N5 i
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); + |3 D0 c6 ^7 n3 Q
/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */ : }2 D1 @ `/ L$ G- j7 i6 }7 g: C
sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
. \, x! h9 `+ r! `* [& d9 j* douttextxy(20, 30, msg); 
# }- z5 b" G& Y6 K. M2 m/* move to a point a relative distance */
 z# x& `0 a X3 n8 d1 J/* away from the current value of C.P. */
- ] z# t2 r n7 v) t* Nmoverel(100, 100); 1 U+ L6 @" Z8 _, D
/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */ 8 T6 J4 J2 w) |) h- G
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 
9 `# T+ H9 b ~0 X8 v/* create and output a message at C.P. */
2 Y5 r1 ?' R% |! _, j$ N# bsprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety()); 0 D& m, e+ g4 l! [) S
outtext(msg); 2 A- R6 t* b! u
/* clean up */ , G) G( ^ c2 T. k9 M
getch(); ; F. v, r, s5 s8 L* [ x3 U
closegraph();
/ G0 h6 |! r1 ~+ Ereturn 0;
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函数名: movetext
# t c% x1 V" X0 W6 n: C P功能: 将屏幕文本从一个矩形区域拷贝到另一个矩形区域 * T$ g* n3 v' E9 K0 G2 L
用法: int movetext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, ; c8 }/ ~0 N" A1 f% ~ W5 e" u5 J
int newleft, int newtop); 4 s6 Z4 H' Z/ N6 v. d3 ~8 a4 [ o7 c
程序例:
6 x) W! m: P9 \" {* Y% T! ~' z$ \#include <CONIO.H>; ?: o% Y! S4 ?5 N3 C/ ~* X
#include <STRING.H>
! G# i6 F8 P' R# e) {int main(void) 8 g; Z# n( f( l
{ , P/ }! \2 G7 }7 N0 R! H
char *str = "This is a test string"; # {; A+ z. v3 @. b
clrscr(); , ?- K2 x8 `- {0 ^; t) G& C
cputs(str); 0 F* o) i% {+ l4 A x* f" L
getch(); $ b5 R) Q: B5 ]3 h
movetext(1, 1, strlen(str), 2, 10, 10);
! ?, G) c. I+ _6 r0 C. P' d9 Xgetch(); ; c( @ p8 u' H) N% N3 @2 W
return 0; 2 K, f- e/ w3 s" z* e' k n; `6 ~
}
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. h! @2 @2 D! ?函数名: moveto 2 \% o; Y& E5 a3 U8 ~, r6 t
功能: 将CP移到(x, y)
 \8 w' o2 {: |8 A: o4 S% B用法: void far moveto(int x, int y); 6 n7 \& j" o# `3 F# H
程序例: 
$ f1 K& _" b! n; M" W#include <GRAPHICS.H>
. q2 V4 S3 x! j/ Y/ a, m) Q* ?, a2 D#include <STDLIB.H>: Y* m8 F2 t- f
#include <STDIO.H>9 o9 a. W( O4 j% T$ [
#include <CONIO.H>7 x- Y& U8 Q/ Y/ [ Y
int main(void)
+ q9 l4 T8 p& C" R{ + }6 ~, ~/ n, N6 F* ?5 ?) y
/* request auto detection */
* ?6 p4 ~2 @* w) f7 ]. L9 J. V' ^( pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% ~) r# Y+ P6 u" c, P0 }char msg[80]; 
2 P2 ]! C: X, u4 Q/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . B H. v0 C. O
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
; \% ?" u& o' v6 q3 K7 A9 k% ^/* read result of initialization */
- T& }3 g. N( K- Eerrorcode = graphresult(); $ `8 x) `; l+ j
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
6 `! M; }2 o/ E& I$ n/ O8 |% p- o# N{
5 t2 w6 x: }9 x" }: A% u5 iprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
$ ~) A+ K- W& D9 L) v7 r( eprintf("Press any key to halt:");
3 Y' \1 A' `- m' T/ ggetch();
+ V, \* ^, }* @# f/ p& \exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ + [, ]# U5 B$ l! r1 S
} F- d% j2 o' e& t3 D8 X# S/ z
/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */
! ?& W% v, J& l) c, I9 ?" t# |$ ymoveto(20, 30); ; ^( _; H1 @$ m2 [; x4 `) e
/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */ + k. _7 @/ D, _' o+ `0 w
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); 
4 {4 ~4 W" l: U5 M/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */ 3 K7 M0 }2 ~, j7 w7 N& O3 C+ |
sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety()); , W2 B7 G6 u5 W# X- {
outtextxy(20, 30, msg); 9 B' y. V/ W2 t! K
/* move to (100, 100) */ * }; n5 o# s2 J! J
moveto(100, 100); 1 G. w- E, c }; t! [
/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */ + s! v5 Y/ T. S2 g0 y: L; {
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); . }0 H+ @5 |- ?, c! g: c0 c. L% k
/* create and output a message at C.P. */ 0 y8 m- ]7 s( `8 H4 D! N: v; O
sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
. u* g8 O' ~! f3 Pouttext(msg); G; L' X! _% K1 j# V
/* clean up */ 7 H% ?) D# I7 {9 z
getch();
' \' y K. T3 {- aclosegraph(); % z+ m8 x) H5 f. }. ~1 b9 N
return 0;
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, ]8 w0 `% Y% c$ s& k) Y- ?函数名: movemem + H7 b2 r @& D$ ]: h) Z
功能: 移动一块字节 : d% e" h3 p# q$ b
用法: void movemem(void *source, void *destin, unsigned len); ! f! ?) b- ?0 F5 \# @! x# A7 v! L
程序例: 
; b; E) G5 z+ \#include <MEM.H>1 d A& g P6 J ~/ q7 l
#include <ALLOC.H>
1 d0 H! b7 R4 D! {! o2 _#include <STDIO.H>( R2 ]* W# {0 B" ]
#include <STRING.H>$ l( B, n2 A0 c1 n$ U9 F/ h
int main(void) ) }2 W" H9 t# P; D1 T
{ + ~) |* p, ^# a+ Y. \: F3 _
char *source = "Borland International"; ) U) A# z0 U2 e/ M, ~! V6 R
char *destination;
+ g! T# B* |; [int length; 
: K. a! Z" N; O! d/ B3 \ f! ~length = strlen(source); 3 A5 G7 k/ E( M8 m% A' G
destination = malloc(length + 1);
7 K6 V Z9 D+ c w- I: Pmovmem(source,destination,length);
2 ?, l& i6 a+ J; X" gprintf("%s\n",destination); 
8 H5 g3 T4 ^# R( o8 y+ d$ u4 mreturn 0; : g: _6 |" j2 c5 @* f$ F6 a
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函数名: normvideo & q" R3 {6 y( g* _! ?
功能: 选择正常亮度字符 D" X* {# x0 n
用法: void normvideo(void);
7 l2 n/ N" y$ Z2 Y程序例: / C, j! w4 e: \) P/ Z
#include <CONIO.H>, I$ l+ U P& b* f0 {& s
int main(void) $ k \2 f7 r( l/ `9 N& j: m
{ . t' M0 ^( ]# ]4 z5 ^
normvideo();
8 b# L1 q) I9 P0 p S& bcprintf("NORMAL Intensity Text\r\n"); 3 O+ d( [. {( E" g) y9 k8 u, q; y
return 0;
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函数名: nosound 5 X3 O& ~9 b ]$ J0 q/ q" }8 [& }- Y' n
功能: 关闭PC扬声器
' y- S% f0 }0 E4 z用法: void nosound(void); # k [, O) ?1 H$ Y7 H; H
程序例: ( Y8 j( Y0 Q' n5 ~8 o1 a ~
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. 
7 b* g: L( j; t: M9 u3 DTrue story: 7 Hz is the resonant frequency of a chicken's skull cavity. & a8 T* ^( C: {+ U+ q
This was determined empirically in Australia, where a new factory 4 |( j o% z: s4 Y/ l+ [: z. }
generating 7-Hz tones was located too close to a chicken ranch: 2 K; B/ r* i9 E/ O
When the factory started up, all the chickens died. 
) ~6 \ Q J7 @9 g& EYour PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone.
/ M h/ B3 R2 u {+ ?8 R4 R*/ 
: u$ {2 H- `% h fint main(void) ! K/ o2 v2 }1 X4 p! h5 H) }. Y6 x
{ 0 _3 c4 _5 w, b+ T( Q
sound(7);
) X9 V' L3 Q: h3 K" t# Udelay(10000);
% _) O7 l. L# R( C F! _nosound();
; y3 p I/ c0 B( V1 }; u6 f; y}
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