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<TD class=content>1。4 预定义类型(Predefined types) * _' _; E4 y: l
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c#提供了一系列预定义类型。它们与c/c++有不少相似的地方。预定义引用类型有object和string。 : b+ u d v+ Wobject类型是所有其他类型的基础。 * v9 o, y# Q- n) E$ t' X' E
" U+ A, k' |- H预定义类型包括符号数、无符号数、浮点、布尔、字符和十进制数。符号数有:sbyte、short、 : V; D( `4 x( d& o$ S2 X1 H
int和long;无符号数有:byte、ushort、uint和ulong;浮点数有:float和double。 % N3 o Y8 ? v
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布尔类型就像一个开关,只有两种状态:true或false。c#对布尔的要求比c/c++严格,与java类似。 ( ]& Q P, w: N9 ^2 [- g在c#中false不等于0,true也不等于1;false和true都是单独分离出来的一个值。学过c/c++的网友 1 u, b; N+ [. ?9 V* I& A都知道:*/ 1 d* n' T( a4 m) Q
int i = 0; 5 Q, ~+ j0 [. l# O# ^3 M* q
if (i = 0) { // Bug: 应该是 (i == 0) ( e6 B6 j8 g( P! E+ o/ V" J) w( W$ J
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/* 是没有问题的。但在c#中会引发一个编译错误(error CS0029: Cannot implicitly convert 5 R4 E1 a) D: l) a9 Z1 y
type 'int' to 'bool')。当然,这样牺牲了一点没有必要的灵活性。我们再也不能这样:*/ # ]. T! U+ F0 h7 O+ f& g
string str; + e- H& z7 W. ?" R2 }' C! {.... $ H8 y4 ~% d4 u8 |2 q* M
if(str = Console.ReadLine()) { ( u7 w# h3 C0 F f) k0 f! M; _ Console.WriteLine("Your comments are: {0}",str); 4 y7 i9 R" G5 y: a# L
.... 2 Y4 n/ q0 I- u$ J1 o: `/* 而必须:*/ + F% \. p! l# `, O
using System; . F1 D, S0 a7 R5 @" h3 wclass BoolTest ' O" q: ~0 @+ Y2 x9 h& b3 c' G
{ ; t1 a) @8 |4 j7 ]+ _- v static void Main() { & z. z4 L$ {& x
string str = Console.ReadLine();//也可以:string str; 8 q+ i1 k5 x) S! y5 i if(str == "") // if((str = Console.ReadLine()) == "") ; z; n, C ^* M. p) h Console.WriteLine("i can't read your comments. Please tell me something! O.K.?"); " I2 ]8 N4 Q0 G7 {; C
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Console.WriteLine("Your comments are: {0}",str); ! g' o/ P9 @1 U3 P4 a% ~
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我抄了一张预定义类型的简表供大家参考。 / P3 {1 K& r/ u+ G, x
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Type Description Examples ; m. J3 _3 u. j3 x
- @% e' v/ [2 g$ q# c2 ~object The ultimate base type of all other types object o = new Stack(); 0 A& ]8 @& B% Z M( e2 n1 z' G0 O+ ?) e
string String type; a string is a sequence of string s = "Hello"; / A+ e- _: N0 A- b* i Unicode characters 3 H9 N; A; A5 b6 q6 K p: S+ I , u% t0 n* t2 {5 ^sbyte 8-bit signed integral type sbyte val = 12; 1 |+ ]% x) Q) Y/ I& s5 I0 T5 K, m/ g5 ?' p: w9 \
short 16-bit signed integral type short val = 12; + c# J/ |2 t4 Y3 g3 H4 W, u
/ i+ `- ?8 U) M8 M4 M. {# t- Iint 32-bit signed integral type int val = 12; 7 Z3 Q1 G. b+ D7 s# t. q# n9 }6 [4 N1 J9 D# h& r
long 64-bit signed integral type long val1 = 12; & A8 A, _+ k6 ^8 R9 y+ b: g$ p% R& `- c long val2 = 34L; ' w4 u3 {1 c$ t+ z
0 |0 D @+ H& } ^* d8 nbyte 8-bit unsigned integral type byte val1 = 12; ) q5 T/ g! g, r/ L# ]# H byte val2 = 34U; ' l0 K/ v# K, r) w2 e
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ushort 16-bit unsigned integral type ushort val1 = 12; , k( [9 C k( l% |& ^ ushort val2 = 34U; ' V$ j& {% W8 d9 y. e! G4 t1 W- Q7 z2 T
uint 32-bit unsigned integral type uint val1 = 12; * O- o! [/ c; _# k
uint val2 = 34U; 1 o2 {: e, x+ G8 v0 s1 t" o6 L0 k( [1 V- }8 \
ulong 64-bit unsigned integral type ulong val1 = 12; $ z1 o. o# m: f) p
ulong val2 = 34U; , k. Y4 M# x5 p9 t9 c4 O, v8 e
ulong val3 = 56L; 1 e s* j T. Y4 ~ ulong val4 = 78UL; 5 E Q- W8 g+ X, \7 J6 p
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float Single-precision floating point type float value = 1.23F; 1 {* |+ }/ E1 K9 r. m, M" c
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double Double-precision floating point type double val1 = 1.23 # F% Y. A8 m- H b double val2 = 4.56D; ; U! @+ d7 w6 \- ^- x
% t* T0 x+ h5 s" c9 \6 ]1 Qbool Boolean type; a bool value is either bool value = true; U3 @; s! `8 u3 R/ m* ]+ k true or false 6 e5 y8 ]7 J! L- U) o% m8 H, `7 d: D' i2 y5 M( ^; o; h9 y. _
char Character type; a char value is a Unicode char value = 'h'; - B" E3 m2 T3 { character 4 y2 H7 G# u) s0 ]& l) H9 d ~! L& S" p0 Q8 f
decimal Precise decimal type with 28 significant digits decimal value = 1.23M; H8 F1 G! g9 q+ ^( y0 ]# t
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你也可以自定义自己的预定义类型,可以这样:*/ ' j4 D, t. G+ Busing System; ; L+ N' f% `( C$ J; m: U0 T" @
struct Digit U) m* A. z3 D( }, d2 E9 ?* y
{...} ?0 }, h( |) k3 }. I
class Test ! ^: I/ \/ s/ ?$ p. h* G, S: L( W{ + f/ d# `5 J7 V6 C0 T( q: H- D2 e
static void TestInt() { ; P: H9 ?$ ^. U4 R* C/ d6 b, \
int a = 1; 9 S# { A8 \9 l1 {# s int b = 2; # Y( d8 J: a( p* O6 x) Q" S int c = a + b; - t5 A' S( C8 c) h
Console.WriteLine(c); - p2 e: ]1 l2 R4 t9 [
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static void TestDigit() { $ c3 U) t7 H5 x( o0 Z, E. P# }
Digit a = (Digit) 1; 1 p" ? j& z+ b+ v- @1 ?/ F) g
Digit b = (Digit) 2; . S' s1 I8 b; j3 [% F q; T
Digit c = a + b; 9 j, u' t% z8 ~$ u Console.WriteLine(c); s* A, ~9 b! a7 T } ) C W: d8 _! h% p" k6 I
static void Main() { : D. N, G n% B, ~, |, @) ] TestInt(); / D. ?& ~/ q' ^/ o4 M( g, }2 ` TestDigit(); $ K. W3 E& L5 |# T2 R
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这一节有点沉闷。:(& R( |0 u8 |6 I7 O% S