超导物理的发展

zzwszj

来自南开bbs:

发信人: Solo (solo~~戴着枷锁跳舞), 信区: Physics 标 题: 超导物理的发展 发信站: 异域桃源 (Thu Jan 31 21:58:35 2002), 转信 顾名思义，超导体是指在低温下（一个临界温度，$T_C$，以下）电阻为零的一类导体 ; i1 m6 K" K, | J3 d" {5 O。 5 |1 h6 `* t% F, | `在Kamerlingh Onnes发现Hg的超导电性之后，又接连发现多种金属、 $ u; f3 d: {2 B1 r2 o* F, y# @) L合金在低温下都有这种超导现象产生。因此，零电阻（完全导体）成为超导体的第一个 标志。 & t& g+ r2 J4 S K第二个被发现的特征标志是超导体的完全抗磁性，也就是Meissner效应。 即使超导体在正常态时就处于磁场之中，当温度降低进入超导态时，磁力线也不会存在 于超 导体穿透深度（$\lambda$，典型值在500$\AA$左右）以内的部分。如果磁场大于一个临 界磁场时， 超导态就被破坏。从热力学的角度来看，也就是超导态的自由能比正常态的自由能要低 ： \begin{equation} 3 `4 A* ^" ^) A% d{{H_C}^2(T) \over {8 \pi}} = f_n(T)-f_s(T) \end{equation} % H8 L2 k/ I' |这里，$f_n$和$f_s$分别是零场下的正常态、超导态的单位体积的Helmholtz自由能。并 且， . j, q& v2 k7 D3 Y d+ A0 H$H_C(T)$与温度的关系可以用一个二次函数的经验公式来表述： \begin{equation} {H_C}(T) \approx H_C(0)[1-(T/T_C)^2] \end{equation}

梧桐秋叶

然后那个卡梅隆想起了《阿凡达》人类侵略的动机 哈哈

mathcad7

超导需要在理论方面有所突破，虽然从技术上说已经够用了。

yirongshu

不作

amtf

根据哲学，我猜测有低温超导，也有高温超导。

请问高温状态下有没有类似的现象？有没有这方面的研究报告？

lipu_2003

那么多的乱码，怎么看。内容倒是应该很不错的[em06]

hxo1202

顶！

zzwszj

对呀！

0 M- x& S$ M9 B* C

物理偏重于理论研究，材料注重产品的开发！

yqm10507

超导好像与材料学有很大联系

zzwszj

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超导常用链接

Pictures/Graphics/Animations:

Micro-photographs of Superconducting Materials | FSU Gallery % T" @! f/ b4 R; k6 s2 [

Micro-photographs of Flux Lattices | Bell Labs Gallery

Superconductor Animations and 3-D Figures | University of Texas at Austin

Stripes and Vortices in Motion | University of Michigan + A7 W/ e$ z4 P2 ]! m

Perovskite Structures | Center for Computational Materials Science 9 B9 [; D7 D6 W8 x

Figures of Superconductor Molecules | ILL Research Institute - France - T: g% I3 T6 B' C# Q

Crystal Atomic Lattice Viewer | University of Leicester - UK / }' N$ o" L: l- u& b) C' ~; f/ Z

Type 2 Vortex Twisters | IGA Nanomechanics - Switzerland 0 c. x4 e0 R. D 3 e' x' ^0 G9 H# c. N+ H

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Perovskite & Other Structures | University of Oxford (slow - graphics intensive) - UK + p$ f$ c, Z. _- {2 u9 v4 S" V9 U 1 [$ O. ?1 N( N/ O2 y" u

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Tutorial/Research:

Superconductivity In Its Simplest Form | Oxford University . R& R ^. l4 ^$ F. v x* v% o" U ?- x4 U& e. ?- M4 `, \

Superconductivity Concepts Link Map | Georgia State University ( F/ v0 t$ ? h

Superconductivity Tutorial | Rice University Y4 d& Q) t+ I) C0 L+ K! j 0 d* R ?# q% G& K8 P2 q7 l, P9 U

Superconductivity & Josephson Junctions | Illinois Inst. of Technology , t7 o3 G$ f; L5 {8 V 9 h% w0 `9 }2 j

Superconductivity Tutorial | Los Alamos National Laboratory * {+ e- O. {5 I- s' B- G# V3 W( ]

UIUC Superconductivity Overview | University of Illinois ) X8 R8 X3 R# Q! g5 f4 a8 @% d2 H

Theories on Superconductivity | ThinkQuest & {. \% Z3 v1 D- V9 c' ~" H. f6 r 3 A9 r. B" ?5 b+ Q

Oxide Superconductors Tutorial | by Bob Cava of Princeton University for the American Ceramic Society 1 ?2 r6 W# O4 ]' e5 K8 e# b2 ^

General Superconductor Reference Books | Oak Ridge National Laboratory Picks 1 L) {/ ~7 ?, E4 q$ Y : k" y2 l2 M$ Z% q1 q

Superconductor Reference Books for Beginners | University of Rome 0 \3 Q( X/ B. w2 ~

High School Teacher's Guide to Superconductivity | Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Middle School Curriculum Guide to Superconductivity | ORNL/D.O.E. / S9 `" e& \, p O' {2 s% ?' t/ j

PRG Guide | A Superconductor Industry Market Analysis 6 y; _ W; q" f' h6 V6 B5 N # x. d$ O6 \/ {4 l

US Naval Research Advisory Committee | Superconductor Evaluation - S2 u: g+ ?& a+ G$ o

U.S. Department of Energy | Technology Status

NIST Superconducting Materials Database | National Institute of Standards and Technology ( F% x8 N0 X$ ^; t3 j

Iowa State High-Tc Searchable Database Archive | Iowa State/Ames Lab

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Research Groups and Institutions:

Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory | Leiden University - Netherlands

High-Temperature Superconductivity Research | IBM Corporation ' S2 T5 M- g/ X3 l; r8 J - P# Q2 B4 \+ D7 @6 F

Superconductivity Applications Page | Argonne National Labs $ l5 F% w3 E! W7 z6 D P9 k |7 V- e! L, f5 f* ^7 l9 B

High-Tc Superconductivity Page | Universities of Rome and Camerino - Italy N) W+ Y: Q% E9 h5 _ " b1 o) x" ?" g# O3 m4 J$ U

Center for Superconducting and Magnetic Materials | CSMM - Singapore + I; m% u$ F& ~# }( t2 U

Superconductivity Group at UiO | University of Oslo - Norway 2 G6 P7 _# Z, [9 E/ \# j" G/ |8 g. ^0 U2 @ 3 v$ ?( x) _* ~ K ~- i" N

Weizmann Institute of Science | Superconductivity Group - Israel

Superconductivity Research Group | Univ. of Cambridge - UK

Rapid Single-Flux Quantum Laboratory | SUNY - Stony Brook " g* y# h2 q( o4 Q" G0 K

Electric Power Research Inst. | Superconductors in Commercial Power Usage

Midwest Superconductivity Consortium | USA

The European Network for Superconductivity | SCENET - Italy/Europe 0 e" d( W3 A1 p( J5 K0 x / Y2 a5 D3 y4 V% L5 E

Texas Center for Superconductivity | Univ. of Houston 8 v2 u. Q- ?& |& u

Center for Superconductivity Research | University of Maryland

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The Lemberger Superconductivity Lab | Ohio State Univ. 8 }$ ~; O) g( D6 z+ |( I1 |

Superconductor Behavior at High Pressures | Carnegie Institute - Washington T+ _ ~+ t, H

Superconductivity at Rochester | University of Rochester 4 A2 I# ?# n( }4 ?- g

Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials | Australia 7 q: p/ T& K! Y, z& {

US D.O.E. | Power Applications of Superconductivity in Japan and Germany & B" E5 K" P7 Z% u. N

Institute of Cryogenics and Energy Research | UK

NASA's MIDAS Project | Superconductor Behavior in Space 6 a* U: l* ~: P" t 8 V0 b, p+ I3 I$ e7 y( f

Institute for Superconductivity | University of South Carolina

Bar-Ilan Institute of Superconductivity | Israel % u# n) v! M2 t- }

Manufacturers:

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Oxford Instruments | The largest manufacturer of superconductors in the world 5 d+ |& A' }& u4 @" z% l$ v$ l

BICC General Superconductors | Superconducting Wire and Tape

American Superconductor Corp. | HTS Supplier for the Commercial Power Industry ( l) _( a% s8 |& e" N, W7 m- f3 \) E 5 p; F$ D# m6 c! G% ^1 \9 e! o

Applied Physics Systems | SQUIDS and Superconducting Magnetometers & M- q8 G0 v2 `9 o5 n6 C& z

Cryomagnetics, Inc. | Superconducting Magnets

ARS Associates | Semiconductor Process Equipment and Superconductivity 7 S& N) g2 g5 k6 q7 i/ f

Everson Electric Co. | Superconducting Magnets and Cable-in-conduit * p! M+ u3 W4 B6 f) w2 x

THEVA | YBCO Thin Film Manufacturers - Germany $ b4 F/ W/ P% g$ h; z

Cryogenic Electronic Systems Corp. | SQUID-based Magnetocardiography Systems + V0 J+ K; V/ v! {0 @ 7 J. P6 ^% T2 j+ U8 Y* F! b

CSIRO Telecom | Australia " k' t9 A* w8 ]8 ~! f: K$ }/ r

Microcoating Technologies | Thin-Film Deposition Technology

Marketech | Marketech International HTSC Products

Sumitomo Electric Industries | HTSC Superconducting Wire & Magnets - Japan

Hypres | Superconducting Electronics Company + e4 q9 P; e6 U) o5 ]+ |$ n

Nordic Superconducting Technologies | Superconducting Tape - Denmark

Metal Manufacturers | Australian Superconductors 3 |8 [: q) {# T! @ ! Z3 W% o, f1 }" h

Pirelli Cable | Superconducting Cables and Wire 7 } o& H% ~. @

EURUS Technologies, Inc. | EURUS Superconductors

Southwire | Superconducting Cable

Superconductive Components Inc. | High-Tc Powders and Sputtering Targets ( I3 }% \7 G. L0 i" E; s% o) |

ETH Materials | HTSC in Power Applications - Switzerland

Power Superconductor Applications Corp. | Applied Cryogenics and Power Electronics " v1 h$ k( E7 C i

Superconductor Materials, Inc. | Sputtering Targets, Evaporation Materials, Etc. ! j9 J6 c/ e1 O4 @' p+ A * [3 D9 O j( z3 b1 B1 p) x

Wintici | High-Temperature Superconductors in the Telecom Marketplace - France g( q- a4 W7 F ! N2 f! R Y, x h, ?1 A) t* H( ~

Daesung | Superconducting Cable - Korea 0 y6 M! f, R! S4 U( }- M1 ? ; |& ]- l6 S/ o8 n, X

Ancillary:

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VWR Scientific Products | Chemicals, scales, instruments...and lots more

Stanford Materials | High-purity oxides, metals, alloys, ceramics, and sputtering targets 7 Z' \& a& p% _6 l) B, R2 i9 |) | 9 Z6 V( u% S S( `' A# \

Stigma Ltd. | Rare earth oxides and high-purity materials 2 Q# M9 x4 h2 D% S- a 9 o' O( `3 e& M' x

Cerac | Specialty Inorganic Chemicals and sputtering targets

Paragon Kilns | The Inexpensive QuickFire 6

Chemicool Periodic Chart | Click here if you don't know a Halogen from an Alkali Metal ! ]0 `% |# M/ l, a ) r1 n" {# o$ t- C! _0 \

The Pictorial Periodic Table | A Periodic Table with links galore 3 \" C, Y2 A, z6 J) Y, b. ~1 e* n# V

Bob Gibbons Chem-It | A Free Downloadable Periodic Chart Program for Win95/98 3 Q1 s- N" T1 B0 _ L+ \

Chemistry Glossary | Thinkquest

Chemistry Glossary | Curriculum Visions . y4 J. {: b2 y7 | 4 z! F; S' ^% R0 S8 I

A+ Materials and Science Glossary of Terms | Lehigh University

Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics | University of Exeter 4 U0 u- T& ~3 N, `8 L. |5 {

Bose-Einstein Condensation Explained | M. I. T.

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Upcoming Conferences:

8th International Superconductive Electronics Conference | June 19 - 22, 2001, Osaka, Japan

International Workshop on High Temperature Superconductors | June 24 - 30, 2001, Moscow, Russia 1 p6 j3 D# F1 p! z

International Symposium on Superconductivity | Sept. 25 - 27, 2001, Kobe, Japan * o/ v- _- n7 n! n! q, `5 R

Applied Superconductivity Conference | Aug. 4 - 9, 2002, Houston, TX 9 _; K* z' |" o, J; ^' g

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