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<TD class=content>1。4 预定义类型(Predefined types) 4 ?% T3 m+ q, X, s7 d. z: _: x5 E1 _+ {6 W( d4 ^; q- h
c#提供了一系列预定义类型。它们与c/c++有不少相似的地方。预定义引用类型有object和string。 # t; I5 g9 t# {' V0 n( P1 F
object类型是所有其他类型的基础。 3 e) P/ Q6 V1 ~6 M% ]
! ~& }/ b/ o0 O2 D+ j/ d预定义类型包括符号数、无符号数、浮点、布尔、字符和十进制数。符号数有:sbyte、short、 + P9 t) W9 Q5 ]/ E. z
int和long;无符号数有:byte、ushort、uint和ulong;浮点数有:float和double。 3 O( M# `! U7 M1 t
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布尔类型就像一个开关,只有两种状态:true或false。c#对布尔的要求比c/c++严格,与java类似。 2 K# ]1 O% M% F4 E在c#中false不等于0,true也不等于1;false和true都是单独分离出来的一个值。学过c/c++的网友 & D2 O' ~0 U7 O' F. B" v都知道:*/ ' _9 A* x/ }, c" U4 B" N& V
int i = 0; 1 y' U$ m- T0 \( P7 _if (i = 0) { // Bug: 应该是 (i == 0) % ?* V$ c% w% z) n9 D' T.... 6 Y$ V# E% w0 r. N I( T} " j6 A; K$ s$ A3 T6 }/* 是没有问题的。但在c#中会引发一个编译错误(error CS0029: Cannot implicitly convert : A4 `( [! ?& j3 ]
type 'int' to 'bool')。当然,这样牺牲了一点没有必要的灵活性。我们再也不能这样:*/ , d! S( x2 ^2 c- ]string str; 6 m- o( _) m" m, X
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if(str = Console.ReadLine()) { $ R A8 l# _) g) E, V7 {, ^7 L/ ` Console.WriteLine("Your comments are: {0}",str); K' J: G- s) v- F6 K$ b
.... # I# E3 W& f, \4 M& g0 ~$ ^6 L
/* 而必须:*/ 1 h4 j+ D) Z& i( P: `using System; # ?7 w+ Y6 P8 H4 v5 m
class BoolTest - t& S$ B" R; B8 v5 T{ 8 ]! Z4 U; E8 d- @6 a0 @/ K static void Main() { ( A- {" m6 [; b7 p
string str = Console.ReadLine();//也可以:string str; 4 i0 E0 R# [3 a Z/ G if(str == "") // if((str = Console.ReadLine()) == "") 1 B7 Z$ ]# Y4 R5 Q( u- Y. F
Console.WriteLine("i can't read your comments. Please tell me something! O.K.?"); 3 ?# O {2 p5 j% A
else ; B6 H! S c/ D: P# g) n1 N Console.WriteLine("Your comments are: {0}",str); % W/ F! k( f! J# Q/ v8 I j } * ]2 ~# r# r3 X& l% x
} ( z6 a6 W. K% S/ I/ d$ _/* 8 u8 s4 x$ `1 b% `) S% h
我抄了一张预定义类型的简表供大家参考。 ) f5 _9 o p# C: Q0 h
2 |$ \7 `; p: n6 S% DType Description Examples % {2 I' z, T8 l' P3 [$ y% [$ q% Q5 [0 g$ o- f' ?2 ]
object The ultimate base type of all other types object o = new Stack(); ; v* |5 ^0 e% K0 v; k1 z! S( e$ a$ I% N: O$ |7 e- b
string String type; a string is a sequence of string s = "Hello"; 4 h1 P8 y; F: w0 x! t) M
Unicode characters 4 J2 g( K3 x) w2 {8 K+ Q& w
) i4 d7 i) ~( T" |sbyte 8-bit signed integral type sbyte val = 12; 3 A5 j% X- L1 g" z2 a& G, Q
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short 16-bit signed integral type short val = 12; 6 O9 h7 V0 k" T% g v
) p" S2 n* d1 R9 N' C8 tint 32-bit signed integral type int val = 12; 5 \9 i* H% y! }- E3 m7 @
8 n8 i0 {( a) T) G6 |long 64-bit signed integral type long val1 = 12; ! J: o" T' s1 R0 y9 M. C long val2 = 34L; + n; l+ N/ s1 C5 L8 X9 b9 B- w( }; }" P5 u& b: h8 c% l- a* y8 m
byte 8-bit unsigned integral type byte val1 = 12; 1 P7 Q5 f& f; q
byte val2 = 34U; 8 y# m* {/ Q3 I% G$ _9 ^# L9 G( d* m: ^& P( m9 K% Z
ushort 16-bit unsigned integral type ushort val1 = 12; ; o/ d7 i. D O& y, @- p2 G
ushort val2 = 34U; 4 c# {) {6 d' x9 J. H( ^0 A2 ~) }: J$ `5 s( `2 u
uint 32-bit unsigned integral type uint val1 = 12; - B+ D3 A- m+ q) c
uint val2 = 34U; % M0 a3 S8 ^) ?7 t
4 O! g3 f6 E; W K4 W9 [0 e1 b* Culong 64-bit unsigned integral type ulong val1 = 12; $ n& r" C4 l& P' z( m1 p3 T' }% H* d ulong val2 = 34U; & z( Q4 B8 `: o2 \5 o: X& B- } ulong val3 = 56L; " k8 {2 C9 |( g& a9 E5 j( n- N
ulong val4 = 78UL; ; h- R9 L/ l; W! E0 K8 i- ], F + a6 }$ u) V5 Ufloat Single-precision floating point type float value = 1.23F; # Z. a( R; G% {( Q# {' M$ f% \
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double Double-precision floating point type double val1 = 1.23 3 _9 U2 V4 c6 m( V double val2 = 4.56D; ) c# ~/ i# i; X* }1 B
) y' F" S$ ?! d" y B' mbool Boolean type; a bool value is either bool value = true; / U0 A5 l8 G; W5 `
true or false % |, K6 s, E% r' ~6 U
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char Character type; a char value is a Unicode char value = 'h'; ) q9 C; v e* Z
character 9 \" ~4 y* a: E. v4 o% W K% Z( I' c+ e M
decimal Precise decimal type with 28 significant digits decimal value = 1.23M; : M6 ^ T, x9 E, D: k# K5 x, P6 r
2 |" H1 T4 c5 Q8 L# | w你也可以自定义自己的预定义类型,可以这样:*/ ; ?) @) M5 o7 z, c5 m7 N) F: K: j
using System; - f2 R2 ]; S$ m3 O+ v F. s+ A
struct Digit * E+ Z; H0 E* \{...} + K/ j' d, B9 t. ~2 eclass Test 9 J3 a" J/ X* q% N% W+ I( t
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static void TestInt() { 9 `- m2 Z8 j* B0 P' G5 L9 v; _0 y int a = 1; # d5 u+ [) e6 d, g5 ~
int b = 2; + \- X0 ]( z6 f5 ]+ U+ z
int c = a + b; N" g ~# a' i; K6 |
Console.WriteLine(c); 4 S; F% h& S% }6 n: B5 Q/ P } 1 e: R7 n$ r/ l" U# U. c% J
static void TestDigit() { ( J+ t2 d* w& n y, E Digit a = (Digit) 1; 8 m5 n4 j: b' w3 a4 o: e4 @9 g Digit b = (Digit) 2; , {( B# V6 R6 ] Digit c = a + b; ! {# K' Z$ N5 o0 E1 V Console.WriteLine(c); # D: p; W& T0 L: b: T } 3 A/ ^0 u: K1 ^9 N) J3 _, {
static void Main() { 7 y( k3 o; V5 c+ ] TestInt(); ! W1 C5 h. \" `
TestDigit(); + _6 r; j- Q9 f6 T( w, O$ | } + v, L) G( r9 Y
} $ P6 Z6 x% j% @$ U8 A$ [! C( ~
/* . ~: c' c( s H' Q
这一节有点沉闷。:(. ~4 l" R, Z$ F2 Z0 A( r. F