2005MCM赛题翻译(初稿)

haidaitou

谢谢了

韩冰

乐天不败 10:45:05 Tollbooths 收费亭

Heavily-traveled toll roads such as the Garden State Parkway, Interstate 95, and so forth, are multi-lane divided highways that are interrupted at intervals by toll plazas. 像Garden State Parkway，Interstate 95等等这样的长途收费公路，通常是多行道的，被分成几条高速公路，在这些高速公路上每隔一定的间隔会设立一个通行税收费广场。 Because collecting tolls is usually unpopular, it is desirable to minimize motorist annoyance by limiting the amount of traffic disruption caused by the toll plazas. 因为征收通行税通常不受欢迎，所以应该尽量减少通过通行税收费广场引起的交通混乱给汽车司机带来的烦恼。 Commonly, a much larger number of tollbooths is provided than the number of travel lanes entering the toll plaza. 通常，收费亭的数量要多于进入收费广场的道路的数量。 Upon entering the toll plaza, the flow of vehicles fans out to the larger number of tollbooths, and when leaving the toll plaza, the flow of vehicles is required to squeeze back down to a number of travel lanes equal to the number of travel lanes before the toll plaza. 进入通行税收费广场的时候， 流到大量收费亭的车辆呈扇形展开， 当离开通行税收费广场的时候， 车流将只能按照收费广场前行车道路的数量排队按次序通过！ Consequently, when traffic is heavy, congestion increases upon departure from the toll plaza. 从而，当交通是拥挤的时，拥挤在违背通行税广场上增加。 When traffic is very heavy, congestion also builds at the entry to the toll plaza because of the time required for each vehicle to pay the toll. 当交通非常拥挤的时候，因为每车辆付通行费的时间要求，阻塞也会出现在通行税收费广场的入口处。 Make a model to help you determine the optimal number of tollbooths to deploy in a barrier-toll plaza. 建立一个模型来确定在一个容易造成阻塞的通行税收费广场中应该部署的最优的收费亭的数量。 Explicitly consider the scenario where there is exactly one tollbooth per incoming travel lane. 需要保证每一个进入收费广场的交通线路上都仅有一个收费亭。 Under what conditions is this more or less effective than the current practice? 与当今的实践相比较，在什么条件下这或多或少有效？ Note that the definition of "optimal" is up to you to determine. 注意："最佳"的定义由你自己决定。

aresbob

ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、ICM、？？？？？？？？？

韩冰

Nonrenewable Resources 不可再生的资源

Select a vital nonrenewable or exhaustible resource (water, mineral, energy, food, etc.) for which your team can find appropriate world-wide historic data on its endowment, discovery, annual consumption, and price. 选择一个至关重要的，但不能再生或者用得尽的资源(水，矿物质，能源，食品，等等)， 你的队需要找 到一些关于它的蕴藏量，已发现储量，每年消费额和价格的数据，这些数据应该是适合世界范围的、有 历史意义的。 The modeling tasks are: 建立模型的要求是：

Using the endowment, discoveries, and consumption data, model the depletion or degradation of the commodity over a long horizon using resource modeling principles. 利用资源模型化原则，使用蕴藏量，已发现储量，每年消费额的数据，建立一个世界范围的日常消耗或 退化的模型。

Adjust the model to account for future economic, demographic, political and environmental factors. 考虑将来经济，人口统计，政治的模特和环境等因素，调整你的模型。 Be sure to reveal the details of your model, provide visualizations of the model’s output, and explain limitations of the model. 需要揭示你的模型的细节，提供可视化的模型输出，并且表述模型的限制。

Create a fair, practical "harvesting/management" policy that may include economic incentives or disincentives, which sustain the usage over a long period of time while avoiding severe disruption of consumption, degradation or rapid exhaustion of the resource. 建立一个公正的，实用的"收获/管理"政策，可能包括经济奖励或者惩罚，能保持长时间的可用， 避免 消耗，退化或者资源的迅速的竭尽。 Develop a "security" policy that protects the resource against theft, misuse, disruption, and unnecessary degradation or destruction of the resource. 制定一个用来保护资源以防偷窃，错用，破坏和资源的不必要的退化或者灭绝的"安全"政策。 Other issues that may need to be addressed are political and security management alternatives associated with these policies. 其他可能需要处理的问题是与这些政策相关的政治和安全管理的选择。

Develop policies to control any short- or long-term "environmental effects" of the harvesting. 建立政策来控制短期或者长期的"环境效应"的收益。 Be sure to include issues such as pollutants, increased susceptibility to natural disasters, waste handling and storage, and other factors you deem appropriate. 需要包括一些其它的问题，例如环境污染，增加对自然灾害的敏感性，垃圾的处理和贮存以及你认为合 适的其他因素。 Compare this resource with any other alternatives for its purpose. What new science or technologies could be developed to mitigate the use and potential exhaustion of this resource? Develop a research policy to advance these new areas.

基于这个目的，把这种资源的其它一些选择相比较。什么新科学或者技术可能被应用来减少这种资源的 使用和潜在的竭尽？发展一个研究计划来发展这个新的领域。

韩冰

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gkcorn

非常感谢，辛苦啦！！！

[em01]

韩冰

以下是引用gkcorn在2005-2-4 11:19:21的发言：

非常感谢，辛苦啦！！！

[em01]

希望你们能比出好成绩!

潜龙在渊

非常感谢2

潜龙在渊

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ivory4

havesting 即开采