Microbial communities and their relevance for ecosystem models

雩风三日

Microbial communities and their relevance for ecosystem models
微生物群落及其与生态系统模型的相关性

      Soil microbial communities are so vastly diverse that complex interactions, which alter ecosystem functions,
may occuramongmicrobial species and functional groups. In this review,we explore the empirical evidence for
situationswhenshifts in the communitystructure ofmicrobeswould elicit a change in ecosystemprocess rates,
specifically decomposition, even when microbial biomass remains constant. In particular, we are interested
in a subset of these scenarios in which knowledge of microbial community structure would improve model
predictions for ecosystem functions. Results from microcosm and field studies indicate that microbial species
diversity, functional group diversity,and communitycomposition canall influence ecosystem process rates. The
underlying mechanisms that may elicit changes in ecosystem functions from shifts in microbial community
structure include evolutionary constraints onmicrobial trait adaptation, trait correlations, dispersal limitation,
and species interactions. The extent of microbial diversity in soils is not known, so it is presently not possible
to model all scenarios of microbial community structure shifts. However, by incorporating documented
patterns in functional groups that are relevant for a particular ecosystem process and potential relationships
between microbial phylogeny and function, the predictive power of process models will be significantly
improved.The inclusionof this information into processmodels is critical for predictingandunderstandinghow
ecosystem functions may shift in response to global change.

  土壤微生物群落种类繁多，它们之间可能发生复杂的相互作用，改变生态系统的功能。在这篇综述中，我们探索了微生物群落结构的变化会导致生态系统过程速率(特别是分解)变化的经验证据，即使微生物生物量保持不变。特别是，我们对这些场景的子集感兴趣，在这些场景中，微生物群落结构的知识将改善生态系统功能的模型预测。微观和野外研究结果表明，微生物物种多样性、功能群多样性和群落组成都会影响生态系统过程速率。微生物群落结构变化引起生态系统功能变化的机制包括:微生物性状适应的进化约束、性状相关性、扩散限制和物种间的相互作用。土壤中微生物多样性的程度尚不清楚，因此目前还不可能模拟所有微生物群落结构变化的情景。然而，通过整合与特定生态系统过程和微生物系统发育与功能之间潜在关系相关的功能组中已有的模式，过程模型的预测能力将得到显著提高。将这些信息包含到过程模型中对于预测和理解生态系统功能如何在全球变化中发生变化是至关重要的。

Keywords:Microbial community structure；Ecosystem function；Models；Nutrient cycling；Review
关键词:微生物群落结构，生态系统功能模型，养分循环，综述abstract