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<TD class=content>1。4 预定义类型(Predefined types) 9 x$ v% f6 ~; C
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c#提供了一系列预定义类型。它们与c/c++有不少相似的地方。预定义引用类型有object和string。 6 n# I% o, @( ]+ {. Z7 v) j
object类型是所有其他类型的基础。 * c7 [1 u/ h0 |6 |
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预定义类型包括符号数、无符号数、浮点、布尔、字符和十进制数。符号数有:sbyte、short、 * k! W$ F _4 ?8 D$ Y
int和long;无符号数有:byte、ushort、uint和ulong;浮点数有:float和double。 4 ?) M2 c8 [7 t- o% `7 E) j# |2 n1 K. O* ~
布尔类型就像一个开关,只有两种状态:true或false。c#对布尔的要求比c/c++严格,与java类似。 8 L$ \4 H3 N9 W: [; N在c#中false不等于0,true也不等于1;false和true都是单独分离出来的一个值。学过c/c++的网友 1 G! O/ ?' E; {" D- n5 F7 H都知道:*/ : R# ~0 i3 J, ~5 Y# C: N% u
int i = 0; 0 r5 E2 O: n7 X) G; T$ ~if (i = 0) { // Bug: 应该是 (i == 0) $ ` d: o$ J$ E( t) N2 T
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/* 是没有问题的。但在c#中会引发一个编译错误(error CS0029: Cannot implicitly convert + U F, [2 y) s g7 t7 p. rtype 'int' to 'bool')。当然,这样牺牲了一点没有必要的灵活性。我们再也不能这样:*/ - M, j3 p4 h* v- L2 h) m) qstring str; 8 E1 A0 e- x2 [5 e$ ~2 \.... / K3 C- ?5 [' K! k3 M( `( n' a
if(str = Console.ReadLine()) { % k6 l# X3 r, S Console.WriteLine("Your comments are: {0}",str); ! k' [$ `3 a5 y/ z: l- s
.... - T' w$ j% l8 W$ @) w! P7 x# D/* 而必须:*/ & }. ~' y% }) n% jusing System; 1 |. d$ }' c- z8 @* a8 |4 G% y
class BoolTest 0 ~+ I# p! V2 g
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static void Main() { 4 `0 `2 X3 e7 D& N, }, D9 b* Z string str = Console.ReadLine();//也可以:string str; , D# v: I/ Q2 V+ ~ [: ` if(str == "") // if((str = Console.ReadLine()) == "") 9 r) F5 j# E8 \ M5 U- k
Console.WriteLine("i can't read your comments. Please tell me something! O.K.?"); $ f j7 B! f3 W( v, k. G9 j2 B7 x( L else + f+ O' V k$ Y6 k- Q Console.WriteLine("Your comments are: {0}",str); ( r) g' g7 P9 w z5 n
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我抄了一张预定义类型的简表供大家参考。 6 S' Z3 ~% U# E- l
" |1 \% @9 b6 t& m3 u. x- i" O$ E* yType Description Examples 9 |- f$ k! \/ H* @, Q # G# Y/ p$ x9 o. u9 w, h& ]object The ultimate base type of all other types object o = new Stack(); ; a5 k& T' `8 H+ q- ]9 a' m9 x6 ~% p* J6 E* v& k3 a; o1 t
string String type; a string is a sequence of string s = "Hello"; w. ?3 W% Z( l- g; e: e1 `* l" |
Unicode characters " G1 `: C9 F3 e4 l7 B
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sbyte 8-bit signed integral type sbyte val = 12; * m) y/ M: P0 V) Q1 M' T* C6 e 4 j9 g. r6 Q# Sshort 16-bit signed integral type short val = 12; / q3 U- j) @$ p9 B6 a. b+ `
3 ^& @" u5 M. u9 z/ S: a3 o3 {5 |+ Dint 32-bit signed integral type int val = 12; ! F0 E9 u3 T0 o2 j$ @" G( U6 u 0 o9 d# z4 |4 R4 t" X& `long 64-bit signed integral type long val1 = 12; " ?5 f) F& D/ r2 f long val2 = 34L; # X, N- f6 S* L1 q: F, Y2 P" h% P8 H1 f% i* p% x" R* J% m( A7 z k
byte 8-bit unsigned integral type byte val1 = 12; * K6 q7 ^" B: H' G6 O" d7 a byte val2 = 34U; ' i U4 R [! h' d# T J 2 i. c7 z) h) J9 wushort 16-bit unsigned integral type ushort val1 = 12; 0 u: ^8 ^ F2 K! G
ushort val2 = 34U; 7 y3 t3 ^2 H2 z8 z% y1 b- c
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uint 32-bit unsigned integral type uint val1 = 12; 7 G$ M* y+ V' _
uint val2 = 34U; 5 m2 s+ U) v: { }) W
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ulong 64-bit unsigned integral type ulong val1 = 12; 4 u; ]9 y+ h/ a" Y/ z& c* J+ j/ R- _ ulong val2 = 34U; & \! ]. l6 \( E
ulong val3 = 56L; 8 O; G" ]- x0 [) B w, z, [* d
ulong val4 = 78UL; " h) F6 P3 M) b9 A% B
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float Single-precision floating point type float value = 1.23F; : {2 ~. h" `- Y$ S9 ?$ w
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double Double-precision floating point type double val1 = 1.23 0 b$ ]7 |7 u5 h8 U- R double val2 = 4.56D; / H- Q1 f% [7 l) I
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bool Boolean type; a bool value is either bool value = true; # ]: M( }9 }- b/ |* Q true or false 1 i6 w- R0 u" Y# M8 `# w# }: I" D2 A, l0 ?7 r. m% o* L8 A
char Character type; a char value is a Unicode char value = 'h'; : A4 k0 O: a% s$ p W9 }
character 9 z( n- V9 C* W: j" i& b# o
2 q" M8 o# {% P4 _$ ~# l% odecimal Precise decimal type with 28 significant digits decimal value = 1.23M; 8 ^& Y2 [9 I; ~ d7 X& J$ Y6 Y9 C4 z3 ?
你也可以自定义自己的预定义类型,可以这样:*/ # B1 @3 Q% w/ Q; e2 p; M+ Busing System; & \3 g ^$ p z/ @1 @
struct Digit , S" j9 @+ O. ^
{...} . m/ g5 v2 M0 X1 O) o" O, G+ |class Test & W( d% b z6 b1 K* ^
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static void TestInt() { 8 [7 `" L; i% U7 F int a = 1; + h: @% g; k5 V4 [/ [9 x: n1 @ int b = 2; . ~5 x; g- B+ \ G6 m( Q L
int c = a + b; ! y) V6 L9 U% U Console.WriteLine(c); : z% b" u) q3 n! r( [, G } - E. h" y# h1 ]. A static void TestDigit() { ' I) A& i& _, C; D; |2 P. E
Digit a = (Digit) 1; + Y* f2 u; G9 D$ S. m Digit b = (Digit) 2; 5 Q" R% f+ x8 c1 u) }9 t) a Digit c = a + b; N9 A, t- y! I# `0 Y. J- ~5 g/ z+ U Console.WriteLine(c); - d/ j2 j- [, K" v } ; Z" |4 g0 b5 u0 W& K, d% B. t
static void Main() { ) G1 z% x* X7 s) }
TestInt(); & Q3 V* H0 y. U. V$ Q( |
TestDigit(); ( ^0 t* A$ j7 m# o( k } - |' R4 Z$ G# ?% c
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这一节有点沉闷。:(3 I2 t1 K# K2 T* ~