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函数大全(c开头)

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发表于 2004-10-4 03:02 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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函数大全(c开头) & b5 n# @! {, ]3 x( I2 ]# D {

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函数名: cabs 4 H( J/ L! A* H, O( Z功 能: 计算复数的绝对值 5 p3 V; {8 ^3 P Z5 R& z4 d用 法: double cabs(struct complex z); # o" P; }, S, s% M: ` 程序例:

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#include 6 B7 _6 Q, Z4 v$ b/ D #include

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int main(void) 5 P: Q8 x/ \1 |3 b9 Y { 6 ^& d/ }& a4 a) Z6 ^6 W. o struct complex z; - L& A7 W" n+ g5 K: Sdouble val;

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z.x = 2.0; ' N7 o( S1 [, a- H' dz.y = 1.0; ( ?* N. _8 D& z. bval = cabs(z);

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printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val); ; l I! [8 B9 w6 I h& Oreturn 0; 3 f! i! U3 T- ?& _: n0 s } " h% E5 W3 z5 q7 z7 V( P " d6 x1 }$ r6 T* _) j ) f9 {0 d4 i; H1 g; N( `

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函数名: calloc * ]) @2 b% p0 E8 c/ B0 x% r1 |功 能: 分配主存储器 ; n i2 `& c; }: ?* l9 w/ Z- X用 法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize); $ h6 v: j$ C2 @7 G& S+ o- q, p1 v 程序例:

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#include 4 M4 R( U! ]0 A#include

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int main(void) # H! K" ^0 g, d7 L# H { f4 [" W$ J/ F& L6 H char *str = NULL;

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/* allocate memory for string */ ; ?4 S# G- M& ^0 D6 u" {str = calloc(10, sizeof(char));

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/* copy "Hello" into string */ 5 Y. Y8 w$ F2 H0 rstrcpy(str, "Hello");

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/* display string */ / S8 W. N- X: G: mprintf("String is %s\n", str);

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/* free memory */ " |' S/ v7 h, B5 _" R; `3 V5 v* \free(str);

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return 0; / d: r- M) R0 r6 ` } ; Y. ^, J2 j1 ^' u4 I ! T+ T, }/ z, t+ e$ w5 i( F- F6 N& r' R4 E7 i2 J

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函数名: ceil & e" k, b* _0 @- g6 ` 功 能: 向上舍入 E" z! x$ U0 K! T6 i9 y4 G* c用 法: double ceil(double x); $ b; ]; o3 {6 T1 i+ H" _ 程序例:

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#include 9 w' S0 N7 L5 Z+ x' U6 } #include

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int main(void) 7 H* ^. ^3 w! l { 2 d: P2 C8 h8 {5 u8 h double number = 123.54; & ?* @. R8 @! L" I# F# x1 y1 y) k$ |double down, up;

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down = floor(number); 3 W4 M/ N/ i/ W6 qup = ceil(number);

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printf("original number %5.2lf\n", number); : Z$ I9 }/ e, P4 ` printf("number rounded down %5.2lf\n", down); / P0 y7 w3 k! G t9 `printf("number rounded up %5.2lf\n", up);

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return 0; : Q* @5 v5 T7 R3 E! k1 C/ m} , i2 {! D$ H3 l6 B+ U8 O7 K6 H " a+ Y5 K! i# Y6 f$ m7 e. x. n! q0 o' C6 o c. W8 z4 R5 P K

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函数名: cgets ) g$ ^. @5 C+ m' L- j. v3 @ 功 能: 从控制台读字符串 6 E) N9 I/ Z2 N. \9 I* s9 V& P 用 法: char *cgets(char *str); , |* E% E6 q9 l5 B% l P程序例:

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#include 5 o0 a1 h7 w( ^* g#include

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int main(void) ' g9 B/ T; c! s. g{ 0 B' r1 A7 T/ G8 \/ K9 Rchar buffer[83]; 1 q$ j" y6 l3 K' Z7 j: N char *p;

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/* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */ % j. O: j+ J* _1 ^) e! Hbuffer[0] = 81;

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printf("Input some chars:"); 1 \. r8 X6 S; P' U: D2 np = cgets(buffer); t2 e0 G2 W9 S. s1 ?+ g6 s printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); ; G S6 [8 p! A/ b, T5 g0 t/ a1 a8 V printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer);

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/* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */ + ~" W. D3 G: q1 |3 _buffer[0] = 6;

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printf("Input some chars:"); / ? w- n. h, r4 I( B* Vp = cgets(buffer); / d2 p0 \( j+ p printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); & p c* S6 X: ` K printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer); : r6 y, B- O& l5 x$ t2 |5 ~return 0; / O- J# J. m6 _, a/ V% c} . r5 F! |& Q8 a% \$ U& W& ? ) R: G/ x2 S7 V0 }" K- B; `/ Z9 f; S6 X' x/ v

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函数名: chdir 2 f0 B. j( i A) M7 H功 能: 改变工作目录 % q1 ^. x6 Z1 g: [2 s/ |5 u 用 法: int chdir(const char *path); ( Y4 R0 I0 L N: T; z程序例:

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#include 0 {; V9 R1 [7 F/ V- m! X! F #include ; `/ s! {" ^* t #include

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char old_dir[MAXDIR]; 3 w& {2 \1 \% x3 z5 s char new_dir[MAXDIR];

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int main(void) 6 ?& p0 `5 l" N% Z { j# r0 e% k; ^, k9 F9 I$ Sif (getcurdir(0, old_dir)) @9 u" k% u( [( g- c& h4 N { 3 I- F7 A+ j+ `- E9 `; ? perror("getcurdir()"); $ ]% a- A- u- L+ m2 V. l/ n exit(1); & M/ n" i ^1 ^& Z3 z} 5 _' P" S6 U; A- j, ^printf("Current directory is: \\%s\n", old_dir);

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if (chdir("\\")) % H1 q' n! c. l/ x% ~0 X7 l{ ' l$ V# z& c9 N0 B) h' c0 `1 t; G perror("chdir()"); * c" K2 O) }) l5 u3 p, D) p8 jexit(1); / G# r, F7 W! k5 S3 L# Z ~: N) z }

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if (getcurdir(0, new_dir)) : S/ Y Z4 a# m% a6 ` { & P+ g; s% ~) x0 z perror("getcurdir()"); - W6 ~. g' W, [- Z9 ?7 J exit(1); $ j# r) e. {- p+ V& u$ b; h7 i* } } 7 v/ o) k2 E3 f3 J1 X9 U printf("Current directory is now: \\%s\n", new_dir);

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printf("\nChanging back to orignal directory: \\%s\n", old_dir); % M6 E5 V* d5 c% ^ ~if (chdir(old_dir)) $ W* {* X, A3 z( I* X& A8 V { 0 m# `3 d) Q/ X/ w8 J9 \1 ?2 t8 \" wperror("chdir()"); ' Y1 q+ L6 }4 t& I" X1 I- W, Gexit(1); # ]7 D6 h* P: B }

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return 0; : [! E" \( \( `/ \4 w3 h4 ?} 9 u1 j. ~ d. ]6 t, }6 u ' \9 l& c8 ?& O# n2 [" I z

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函数名: _chmod, chmod ; j9 |* J( ~$ T/ l6 \功 能: 改变文件的访问方式 & Q% T$ ~2 k9 R& C5 f用 法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss); - U$ O, t( @2 Y3 O 程序例:

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#include % b" S2 O- R9 X# M; x3 { #include ( c! b9 F7 x' ] #include

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void make_read_only(char *filename);

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int main(void) t$ m/ _9 T( H9 S. b" j) a8 W{ 6 s# e* X1 K. N make_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL"); ( x% Y) N" Z) d- Rmake_read_only("MYFILE.FIL"); & v3 l. W& a$ p L% H return 0; ; Y, ?, B/ ^: T2 g! c9 o }

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void make_read_only(char *filename) 9 r1 q- |0 i, p$ ?- e. L8 g { 2 E$ r" E6 X% h# f* I( a- P0 i int stat;

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stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD); ( A; g* }8 p$ p8 N1 wif (stat) . r- V; q J6 R. p( l- nprintf("Couldn't make %s read-only\n", filename); ' p: I5 f! f% p- D5 E* f/ Helse . K( W7 V! s/ U5 s" {6 e- U) |8 X printf("Made %s read-only\n", filename); - Q3 Y* P% i; Q5 a% a x } - \8 V1 }. E. Z, T: H& v4 y" A0 g3 A2 E: P0 @( v: p6 c : l. S$ A$ ^$ @" D* D# E

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函数名: chsize / w* K) e3 x: A- S功 能: 改变文件大小 ; N/ s! c0 F2 X5 b, q6 Y用 法: int chsize(int handle, long size); 0 T- b) ]$ l1 i 程序例:

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#include D- ], {0 m5 C #include . G5 V- o( T$ y5 h, t) L#include

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int main(void) * K1 f4 Z' I1 t2 A& G9 ]1 L{ ( q1 m6 a$ W, U0 M% k8 R$ ` int handle; J5 l- J) B: t; F. x$ E0 r char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create text file containing 10 bytes */ 1 ^# C$ K) `) y$ `" m, P handle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT); ; [) `0 F/ N+ z! n4 T write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */ * @. ?, T3 I1 ~+ w3 |9 z; f* p* g chsize(handle, 5);

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/* close the file */ 7 j$ a3 K( Q& k, o I- t7 ~close(handle); 0 O3 e1 G$ J9 n2 W" G, E6 dreturn 0; * ]' I& C# v- z' S) @6 n3 V9 s} 7 j) P5 N6 r1 J9 B3 z+ F # ?; g& i% G* S& k

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函数名: circle V8 H' N& C; q. n3 @功 能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆 7 [) }- ?8 G8 _3 T0 i用 法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius); ( h, i; S! q0 Z2 {# W 程序例:

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#include - b+ A" E& k# c: ^, t#include 6 B2 @5 h A+ x$ [9 p #include . t1 e* R/ q \. ]& N2 p" B& U: h #include

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int main(void) 0 L/ D' t- [0 D/ ^' | { h) R0 S, R* a" O3 e; E1 v /* request auto detection */ ' [" K# p3 c8 h int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; + z2 o/ C; Y* D+ F1 D0 {7 r$ Uint midx, midy; " ?7 I) B6 s& v7 r int radius = 100;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ) a% w+ q2 ]6 Z& i0 M4 M' pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ 6 r' \4 w- X( m, D+ _$ a errorcode = graphresult(); $ L' q( L6 ]( E. [/ o" t" F( _' c if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # S$ b6 l) r0 t8 D8 k# ^{ 8 [8 e" o2 M) n9 Z4 T printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 3 e3 M" _7 {2 N; ~2 m printf("Press any key to halt:"); 9 K" ]8 S/ R% E& g. c8 ?) Tgetch(); & c5 ~" n0 i" x b- L+ }% x9 H exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) R% E/ j( c! n$ B9 Q. u7 T) | }

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; & V! N& I8 a1 \! Wmidy = getmaxy() / 2; " m/ L( S5 w, M6 i+ E setcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* draw the circle */ 1 ^* N/ z4 m8 g4 [2 D rcircle(midx, midy, radius);

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/* clean up */ ; V) |9 A/ h7 v6 @. p* Kgetch(); * t" U7 |- W0 T0 a closegraph(); 1 G3 R" d) U+ @6 m/ [( Oreturn 0; 1 H8 J, ?. o! Q7 d# M } $ i9 K) s e" ?6 l4 z7 J4 v 4 V3 s# A% m# q! k - T3 X1 C. t; p4 s( T

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函数名: cleardevice : U2 F3 H: {; @, F! n( |5 U0 c6 w6 | 功 能: 清除图形屏幕 ! v) J# j1 p5 v 用 法: void far cleardevice(void); 4 y' G% @4 h4 F! Y" t5 p程序例:

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#include 2 {# J# M; {; ]8 v#include ; g0 c# {) u% c) r& A! q6 R #include % j9 h: J# O, s; n# Y#include

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int main(void) 7 |8 a* `1 J9 R+ c) M Q { 3 [. ~, r5 L) _! x" V/* request auto detection */ , q8 @+ j" q0 j0 L3 U! | int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 7 c( j6 ^4 U& D# y. _4 Tint midx, midy;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / c' b J" Z: y" B; W, f2 u; k& j initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ + j- ?8 I3 l' @7 t2 B, O! ? errorcode = graphresult(); # p7 x! v0 b" l+ J2 g+ W if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ " o. \ V$ ~8 o. V- X) U { 0 F, x7 t! J7 O printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ M t: ^1 H9 D. zprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 7 ]+ i8 e5 t" q0 Y9 N( `getch(); % n# e, l5 y) v+ S8 O exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! K2 c3 Q5 |* A; W- | p }

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; & H" P# X: y" B `8 P# O1 K3 c; umidy = getmaxy() / 2; 9 S! g. x" ~2 d) y6 p, u7 G setcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* for centering screen messages */ % Z! K" |: b1 A6 z1 Z( xsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

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/* output a message to the screen */ , v' V a( k" G6 i: B( [outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:");

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/* wait for a key */ ) \* @0 x- \4 E getch();

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/* clear the screen */ 5 {" L+ J: v- O" acleardevice();

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/* output another message */ 5 S; G; X6 T5 `* E outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ 9 p; r- u0 w) jgetch(); : M) f1 E- F' y closegraph(); ! `7 [: ]! E4 `0 C" n9 a% c9 ereturn 0; . G& R5 d" Q0 `& L: | } ) s7 S5 w& Y% L4 L8 g* L* X . u* ^+ r+ v' S7 k . J) b" i4 E9 O

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函数名: clearerr 4 S" ] a; x. ~6 A- }功 能: 复位错误标志 0 B6 L, w6 S; l, u7 J# L$ R2 \用 法:void clearerr(FILE *stream); # u/ m' F0 h7 ^9 Q& L' N 程序例:

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#include

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int main(void) / S% K: V2 T8 e' A+ }6 @ { ) A. d) }' E: i" P9 ?' n FILE *fp; 2 k: z, D7 U1 u* J5 `0 A char ch;

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/* open a file for writing */ 1 w- h0 m+ d8 T( ~fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

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/* force an error condition by attempting to read */ 4 b. p3 [5 t/ Y5 Q+ L) Sch = fgetc(fp); - u$ e* v+ j2 N3 ^, qprintf("%c\n",ch);

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if (ferror(fp)) & j3 c N2 I/ O { # W7 Y4 P0 w: T8 s! k% R/* display an error message */ $ i+ H* d* c7 }0 _4 l8 v; x$ ~printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

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/* reset the error and EOF indicators */ . f I2 V9 S' X' D1 A4 t6 J clearerr(fp); 3 H& U5 h0 Q5 U6 D# L% R}

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fclose(fp); % Q" g# M( N+ p, m5 Y+ v4 Lreturn 0; ! w, T8 W8 @& L5 @: m `# Z! f) g} : F# c4 f. @) z3 @$ S* I ! G/ |3 }- D V4 t3 B- }8 v " w( @& t1 ?3 h/ E+ [5 ?0 o4 P

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函数名: clearviewport $ S! |, v& l- Z5 T$ M 功 能: 清除图形视区 ' K a- N+ B0 j1 v: G( ? 用 法: void far clearviewport(void); 0 [- F. H% K" c, H 程序例:

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#include # v9 C9 f6 D; k2 o# Y3 N#include + E& p- Z5 J3 }/ O. F! p0 L, V, l#include 8 U' i/ h( ^' Q" i! z #include

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#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */

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int main(void) . Q' B+ D, q: v9 b) R{ 3 _+ X2 T$ X; {$ Q/* request auto detection */ # { j' H0 j+ Pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; & x K4 w1 K E1 b" f- V+ rint ht;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ + P7 ]( P/ t- Z6 g Rinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ 6 s. { I/ {2 ?) }/ L6 L/ D( Oerrorcode = graphresult(); / \3 q, Q. `* `' }5 M) Z" ~ if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 8 J. H* O9 u8 m3 S* E0 y( { { ; R) Z3 J% |* w. m. r printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); / x4 |# u( K/ i7 D9 U printf("Press any key to halt:"); / l$ K' H1 p( Y getch(); % `& ?% H& k' U5 q- eexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) N2 v9 l: Z- F' f* g0 u- j}

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setcolor(getmaxcolor()); " [3 d/ S) F9 v# B+ W2 B ht = textheight("W");

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/* message in default full-screen viewport */ 3 m2 A- ^5 g# souttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport");

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/* create a smaller viewport */ 9 B0 N" }% v7 P, e+ }& Y& Y) Z- W% s1 _ setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

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/* display some messages */ % j: O2 e8 K P/ p: routtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 3 a. `- A" o! S2 X7 J+ y outtextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:");

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/* wait for a key */ . o; r$ H* Q/ c8 ngetch();

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/* clear the viewport */ 3 ~9 g* e9 y0 ~3 o# ^clearviewport();

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/* output another message */ 5 S4 ` P5 u) O' _1 O, Z8 Iouttextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ * ?+ M. c# J1 `, `+ y. T/ d getch(); 9 y1 x( B/ {$ T3 k+ D closegraph(); $ q1 t: U5 C$ w( v' _return 0; 6 F+ x3 S( ?, ?& O( _' o} ! X; K$ {' a" }9 R( I$ k, G + w# T0 e+ I3 F 3 E$ z- e( E n# E

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函数名: _close, close # M* J2 W4 H# L6 N# E$ U: `; T功 能: 关闭文件句柄 * K0 E% X3 d3 {$ y' `( g用 法: int close(int handle); u( w7 _& b0 _, W' r 程序例:

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#include 8 O3 e, W+ L0 D# u4 B! X1 p#include " Y/ d8 A+ r4 k- p #include ; w/ I- C d* `# B2 s6 \& Y #include

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main() , W1 k0 r* N$ u. o% m9 m( t) X { " F( c1 X! Y' w3 F3 o$ A int handle; $ H% \4 U6 u0 c3 _+ c char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create a file containing 10 bytes */ ! s9 q6 k! `$ s& I handle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT); 9 I" y/ j5 C7 H& `3 e# h2 O, C8 H if (handle > -1) * {9 \ V% y/ l$ d# U{ ) C: f: G# C# s+ D+ i% Awrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* close the file */ / D: x' z4 j: c7 x, x, fclose(handle); 6 l% E. O% @+ O, r: y/ [2 b} * q$ i' x( I/ R, J; o7 helse ! v6 B5 T3 N: Z/ K1 ] { ! ]: F' `4 F6 A* _5 k |! gprintf("Error opening file\n"); + H# X! `% J- j& I* l4 @9 e } * O4 `/ v! [) r; ?4 Z& P7 nreturn 0; 8 l8 ~9 p; l0 y$ G/ B5 y: A { } 4 {# r6 X/ V! B% |' k* G$ ?& g$ j' x! f7 k* h: P * x# ^) Z5 Z- K5 @, c2 y

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函数名: clock # P& ~2 a% s, I! {9 ~ 功 能: 确定处理器时间 & E) t8 B: l% R- C7 E) h) s! K- p 用 法: clock_t clock(void); & f; N2 n: n' n& S 程序例:

8 w* q, x4 U: x2 B8 |

#include / {. r- S, l! ]9 T% {, A/ }1 g" {9 G #include 4 c# A4 W& u( i#include

4 H1 N g. W$ k* m

int main(void) 6 Y0 m1 m4 i0 `! Z( N% B; Q { 8 W. f# X2 c3 c& W clock_t start, end; ! J T+ P3 o, _! s/ x# Y4 ]1 ^; X start = clock();

% p4 ~! }; m" T; M4 |4 F+ b

delay(2000);

. ^ G1 n+ `7 g

end = clock(); C1 N" t$ y3 a9 Y3 Q9 dprintf("The time was: %f\n", (end - start) / CLK_TCK);

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return 0; ' K" s/ @5 S& ]- S& }} 3 l* Y3 r( T! P% I4 p7 e 1 J( F# i5 b# D+ `# f- A # b$ A4 M) R8 _: M3 x6 a2 m

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函数名: closegraph & l! S/ ?4 B6 y5 [! L" k 功 能: 关闭图形系统 , f3 ^7 L- u+ n5 F4 ? G I用 法: void far closegraph(void); # s9 Z# i: i. p5 O程序例:

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#include . [7 i- c9 x& e B' N #include ! _" z+ o/ `0 N# q+ \ #include 4 c/ F6 V) D: T( d$ r8 L) W. | #include

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int main(void) 2 \2 X8 ]# N1 V$ G { - w2 ], J, n; u# c) @( P/* request auto detection */ # L! `3 t$ L# Q- @; V5 `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 9 c$ Q( O: {4 o4 ]- ~int x, y;

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/* initialize graphics mode */ * u: Y+ c3 |0 e- z* {( iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ - f8 V+ Z: t4 u# d$ c9 yerrorcode = graphresult();

( s1 x" r$ D8 @: Z

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error . t( s% V3 k! I) }. Q+ y occurred */ 2 A- A2 M" n1 x/ P% { { 0 x. ?0 X' r8 E/ a printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 2 K* t+ ?+ n$ T: w! O% D printf("Press any key to halt:"); " k7 m, i* Q: H1 n getch(); $ j' S- a% r! J4 S c: ~) H, B exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ & w* }+ F) p* `6 n8 A}

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x = getmaxx() / 2; 0 ]5 z0 U" g- W' W3 _; A y = getmaxy() / 2;

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/* output a message */ 8 j1 O5 s8 D% h8 a. u settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); " e5 I& x% h8 I! v2 ?* uouttextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:");

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/* wait for a key */ / I- }) g, @; i6 y: b# y getch();

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/* closes down the graphics system */ 8 s. n H( ]% |% E# N! l, x( Y9 z closegraph();

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printf("We're now back in text mode.\n"); 0 V" |7 h6 s- V+ [: k printf("Press any key to halt:"); 4 v+ k1 \! q: u! jgetch(); * l9 y1 ?# O9 J return 0; 2 K: D& Z! I& _+ } \* O8 s+ l# ] } # A$ ~( r; Q/ Z2 g' e0 J 1 d/ I7 E4 [* V; ]& G ; @1 q( I' |! t

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函数名: clreol - M/ L% F' f; S$ d+ M 功 能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末 3 k1 M. y# p. x' W0 g! R 用 法: void clreol(void); 1 {+ g( Y% H7 m8 b! D程序例:

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#include

, F* c5 w3 K! G; A2 x( l/ c3 q( ~

int main(void)

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{ 4 ~# C) }8 ^+ Xclrscr(); ( t" R: }$ b8 O! j6 L+ [6 N( b cprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the\r\n"); 4 J: Y8 {3 a; y cprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the\r\n"); 9 I* M& U, `1 N9 U& rcprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor.\r\n"); 5 n( I5 ?7 X# o* l cprintf("Press any key to continue . . ."); / V* ?( U& @) ]) a6 ]( Z$ S$ B gotoxy(14, 4); * [9 M2 f1 q& l* ~0 |# l& pgetch();

9 }4 g1 @/ d0 V# c+ V1 B: C

clreol(); $ n& o9 x& W/ e* Y/ b) T getch();

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return 0; ( D; p# Z: T6 J& V} ) N8 V0 r6 a1 ?0 P8 Q) @; e& x" c, f) @3 ^* O2 |& J# j* \ 1 d+ j! ]3 Z, R$ w

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函数名: clrscr ' W/ E5 M" ^" l" |' r 功 能: 清除文本模式窗口 # ?% J4 p# M& F9 s8 V* O用 法: void clrscr(void); ' Z0 I6 F8 t5 N% ~, g% a( v 程序例:

) S) a6 U+ v5 Y

#include

! ~5 l. @0 O) ]8 D+ [2 |

int main(void) " T5 o h) j ^! V; P$ M) t. |{ 2 [6 y' E6 W$ f+ Rint i;

8 v/ e' Z' @$ S7 _: `: }) @) d

clrscr(); % {0 _! ]1 E3 ~ for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) . U) }& ~: i1 G cprintf("%d\r\n", i); " M2 N0 m; R" I, f/ v% I# Ccprintf("\r\nPress any key to clear screen"); 4 k% U& |2 p& U/ p getch();

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clrscr(); . d+ R* v' f+ a, {1 d cprintf("The screen has been cleared!"); 2 A' F0 R5 O' r, A getch();

/ U1 v; V8 ?" }/ @, S

return 0; 6 \8 z1 y, Y- v6 h5 n1 N} 1 L: q3 @9 B- r; H6 Q0 ?1 i& B+ }" A; } 3 @/ a; m8 O, _' L

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函数名: coreleft ; \ N* l3 p- [; F# k- s功 能: 返回未使用内存的大小 8 w* N0 X2 C2 g w用 法: unsigned coreleft(void); 0 \4 M6 L# j/ { E d; C. ] 程序例:

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#include + I( D* f: o! p$ d' n #include

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int main(void) & k a; @! D+ e# d4 Q# Z) z { 0 r# Q9 ]8 K6 w, `9 Y printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and\n"); ' R5 P) } E `- Q. V# d; t# r, @2 D printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes\n", (unsigned long) coreleft());

8 C7 |1 j0 _$ {( }

return 0; ( P* m; p# k- Y- f; B: N) }) @: T } ) l9 M/ X- r: Z7 U+ D5 p

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函数名: cos ( e7 u/ L$ e3 l6 k% T0 \6 K) I功 能: 余弦函数 9 n3 w8 m$ S" F1 I9 {1 Q: R 用 法: double cos(double x); 2 M0 z$ Q7 W7 j L7 o程序例:

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#include % `! s. e) \9 ?$ H; ] #include

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int main(void) ) a1 T3 B; M; `! ]( G' {{ ' Y" [) l% q }; K" x- m/ g3 Z2 b% [ double result; ! D- |4 `- x- o double x = 0.5;

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result = cos(x); " e/ C* i# V. j B" Nprintf("The cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 2 N6 |" y3 |4 R4 K+ Y, Jreturn 0; \& n% k5 Y+ Y* I& l ]; Y; H } e' Y, n O: n/ O' W - b3 U& C% N' |' i( F - x3 _5 G/ L4 t F* ~: L* c

+ Y, [$ x( v$ s1 ]) A. {

函数名: cosh 2 k( u) z" g& x 功 能: 双曲余弦函数 " X; M% }: I# ?9 J( Q用 法: dluble cosh(double x); 5 V+ ~' v4 j8 k; ~/ W+ Q程序例:

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#include ; F8 o' o# ? j8 {#include

$ @# a2 W' Y5 @6 ~

int main(void) * F6 G2 u. J/ E/ X/ v, ?( D{ 3 H. h6 `+ f! m# \* n, ~# h double result; . h& z. @! a. _. h' L* y# f" y: }/ w/ K double x = 0.5;

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result = cosh(x); ' C: G: n% i$ N4 V! v( Tprintf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 1 ]% m* W- h8 A& _& u, Lreturn 0; 4 D, l9 G) _! L8 _3 h- s$ b} ! r8 J4 ^: P7 E- L% G1 S$ y 0 \" w' j+ C* j9 @' z( j+ h) W, R0 G8 S3 C

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函数名: country 0 M+ {0 f. D; G7 L, ]功 能: 返回与国家有关的信息 & y" f ], j* U5 O. w8 N( { a用 法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country); 0 W6 B9 m f6 k5 A+ k( ` 程序例:

F/ y3 a) p' c

#include 5 w# z' N9 F& ~#include

" d7 [* }# K6 b. Q( i1 C6 |( ?! Z; W

#define USA 0

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int main(void) 1 G- {8 @) a# K2 j { # B. Q3 W! x4 W) {( v: ^ struct COUNTRY country_info;

2 t5 v4 X& g) _/ R1 R

country(USA, &country_info); 0 U' ` F- {4 s0 M1 H6 Rprintf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s\n", 3 O0 q" L e* ] C. ycountry_info.co_curr); . ^: [3 f! F; R, D% m! D6 v2 Sreturn 0; : |; [" Q/ f6 y% t, I% n- C } 9 J/ I: _4 `! q% e2 j. ^0 }$ T Z$ i8 W$ W& k. b9 M. _9 { 2 m. k# V/ J2 E9 q

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函数名: cprintf 5 b/ x& ]! Y% J' N2 v4 }" D. s) o功 能: 送格式化输出至屏幕 . c2 z0 S% }: U 用 法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]); 4 t+ b) e( L# o6 i2 i' w# K( K程序例:

a+ }/ {" q5 ]4 q6 S( h

#include

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int main(void) + |+ u( P3 E2 B3 B5 G7 u& s! s- Z( M{ 4 C8 E. b" B6 Z( O /* clear the screen */ 4 ]8 d: R4 O! H3 w' q, y% h clrscr();

b% q2 s; J9 V* a0 P! ]( o

/* create a text window */ B2 W+ {' X% I8 T9 ]4 x$ }% u) ? window(10, 10, 80, 25);

3 l- I: |% ~7 c) o

/* output some text in the window */ 8 O& v U% e* W4 f) W' T5 F- I# b cprintf("Hello world\r\n");

9 h$ v% K/ s) p+ U

/* wait for a key */ ! l9 \# l" s' I7 T& G9 P; hgetch(); " f& w q, Q6 _* M0 e; H- }return 0; ' I1 A2 m. S& z \* z- ^6 H1 @} - A5 D* s! N9 @: s0 J9 O' L) B& y B0 R- p " @( i2 `3 a- R! P1 }3 F/ f

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函数名: cputs ) E* F: q3 H- h% ?9 |; {) u; R功 能: 写字符到屏幕 - r n& {' B0 ~6 l用 法: void cputs(const char *string); 5 m2 W% I9 R! j+ J! X7 J8 a程序例:

^ }1 Y; S4 |& G J

#include

8 J q$ T9 I; R. {6 s" z# @

int main(void) ( L) ]% H6 H- Y# u4 B9 i6 O7 [& _ { 6 [4 m* p" ?8 X/* clear the screen */ 2 L8 ~; Q. G7 G/ e6 Sclrscr();

( p- E7 J0 C- H4 A. v

/* create a text window */ 4 _2 q. W; [7 H7 d window(10, 10, 80, 25);

: ]* r( u$ q1 y7 Q

/* output some text in the window */ 6 L" T$ N, w1 d3 Y7 r* q( t+ M) jcputs("This is within the window\r\n");

9 Z1 ^8 m5 s% I, `

/* wait for a key */ " l( h" e! O3 e! O& i1 x getch(); ' y" Y" Z" t! p$ l5 P return 0; # i, W5 T0 U( A) p: c1 z( D} & }! y5 a) ^5 y' m % R5 o7 F# f+ ?! p/ B3 z* o7 m3 m% o- o

m9 C# F8 y+ N- _! {% \

函数名: _creat creat ; [0 J7 p. w" p7 P 功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 8 E% B8 T- h2 H 用 法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss); - C) j4 z& ]& @, l5 u* U2 E* R7 G程序例:

4 p/ Z# W( {( j9 S. D8 f

#include / o5 u, B) e: v6 W0 O#include 5 t6 H- q# i' [#include 0 q. ]* z, N. Y4 H1 `; U #include

) ~5 `: F$ _; ]* B

int main(void) 2 R d2 ?7 g! T# i/ U& m { 1 @- a$ p* A6 C" @2 c! y d+ p int handle; ' l2 d5 w% k7 L( w9 p char buf[11] = "0123456789";

" j7 e1 C+ g- s) H$ ]5 A

/* change the default file mode from text to binary */ - Y$ j! ^% s# a% L8 m_fmode = O_BINARY;

0 ?$ S; V& z( V$ m# M4 E

/* create a binary file for reading and writing */ " _% w' W0 [, Bhandle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

4 r3 X, a# }7 q% x2 |. u! X

/* write 10 bytes to the file */ 6 Q: W: R# O1 O; G write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

0 M7 v- t5 G, z9 N) d+ H

/* close the file */ 4 P* n0 Q" A( L9 L% Q0 R close(handle); - \6 J# p; `$ I9 p& u0 S return 0; R @# V- K5 h7 x4 m, p } - Q3 ^& z+ o T! G6 V, c9 h: K

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函数名: creatnew 9 f! C3 L& F* b1 n 功 能: 创建一个新文件 , s5 ~/ s) j7 ^. d+ J+ R用 法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib); ; `) l. S2 U: ~) i8 q程序例:

3 P' ^- o) q3 _, N2 X D6 M

#include R0 {6 V9 q( h9 U0 y3 }# ?, m2 t6 ]#include ( r% ?6 {4 N7 Z$ t #include ) ]5 d1 F3 a# U3 @' [* P#include 3 [0 |, t3 X+ p #include

k, Y, C" p% t

int main(void) : I3 \- A( n3 k8 G" } { % `* R; o5 Y- C: |% _/ J7 U$ s int handle; ) _8 A8 e7 a' V( k7 O: vchar buf[11] = "0123456789";

0 a3 L, O0 Y. y/ |7 P

/* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */ ; {3 c! m1 R" ~) A' E5 }: h" _ handle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0);

$ X, m1 r3 i% L/ _

if (handle == -1) / b3 b9 H" o( m1 m0 G, pprintf("DUMMY.FIL already exists.\n"); 2 i% C$ R2 ~* n$ m0 c) Delse ( t6 J, j9 z3 R. h& a( @{ 5 E0 _2 |& M O2 X/ Bprintf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created.\n"); ! O. l+ h g5 u$ ~# x write(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); 1 }0 i: @% E; b; p) t# j( { close(handle); 0 `8 v4 b# D! o0 h- ~/ N H} ! x7 [& A* G, @- v& o return 0; $ G0 ?: O( O. N+ ^, b } 3 y8 G9 t, D/ Z- @" `- Y. w: |4 H- i7 Q1 l& I , R t- C5 n" \' g9 u* ^! l, v8 r

2 E! N/ |5 \/ g

函数名: creattemp ' c; ~1 N/ d* M 功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 . V* }: G& a5 E6 G2 k4 L) ]1 Y 用 法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib); * P0 |1 u! C% Y9 X 程序例:

& C6 e- S6 s/ i* c0 X

#include 1 q+ M5 W% I" y3 } #include ) Q: i# `5 c+ x5 }2 G: ~ #include

2 u0 ^: J% f; H0 L

int main(void) 8 R; ^- j$ }8 ~/ ^' U { 3 Y _# H. Y$ P1 ~( K8 r int handle; 0 Z3 T3 i n! w/ ]9 @6 ^% `2 X* l/ ]3 schar pathname[128];

; A+ ?! D7 u- L8 H4 @

strcpy(pathname, "\\");

1 o- Q$ z+ J& u% k4 u% h

/* create a unique file in the root directory */ ' E* q3 {, g2 l: n( W) C1 R4 Uhandle = creattemp(pathname, 0);

" s1 W3 U! i0 I( G9 U: t) U

printf("%s was the unique file created.\n", pathname); " c! m1 s% ?, B* M. rclose(handle); 5 d6 V3 \0 v! W* n* W3 \% ureturn 0; $ N T5 f7 K- m# H8 D } " \! Y4 V( v9 n0 |) {/ e / W6 s+ I1 \" l" G# t$ y# x3 R# F( C! O" u5 C+ y0 v" D

; I. Y) o/ v8 o) U+ c4 k1 Z

函数名: cscanf ) o4 T7 e7 @. O' N 功 能: 从控制台执行格式化输入 8 Q( p! x( T) K; ^% Z P& J用 法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]); L' S0 X% e) T0 i1 N7 e3 M8 D0 x 程序例:

5 z* E) b; u r' ~1 _

#include

( h7 j0 ~: ~7 Z) {$ B) `

int main(void) 4 \+ m7 k! w+ { { , m- o t L' O/ p5 W% F, _char string[80];

8 {+ F1 B" e2 a0 C* ]7 u1 H$ m$ \4 Q

/* clear the screen */ $ D$ _: `& j: r! L" mclrscr();

, e- P4 U( Y+ h2 J* _5 }0 a* i' C

/* Prompt the user for input */ + K; \ ]2 |1 [ I+ z9 s1 hcprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:");

2 z2 u1 p0 X! H5 J% z* J$ V

/* read the input */ $ P+ B: s5 ~6 L8 F0 O cscanf("%s", string);

2 R" \. \4 f9 P/ Q: C2 |) r

/* display what was read */ / ?( X F( T( E" Kcprintf("\r\nThe string entered is: %s", string); 0 x# g7 e8 h! s) L2 L$ treturn 0; _0 t+ j4 R# q* j7 p- j# j1 c2 ^} : x; U. [/ @" b! j2 d8 s0 J 6 V& M* K; C- J* ?/ @ & i* w, Z% w$ F5 C/ E" R' y! L: _

& ?9 M6 y* z9 f- l1 n

函数名: ctime ) ]) Y; o, f5 z! P- a' x功 能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串 P l( c* k% |- y0 d用 法: char *ctime(const time_t *time); ! l9 c6 j" `3 q# } A3 w; f3 z 程序例:

) `4 i7 D7 ^& D; {- Y# X A

#include ! P8 Y: o" j, E: {8 S8 `#include

2 v# E8 ]. d4 S# C* W" g

int main(void) , f1 B3 }4 D! I { * L b4 h; T4 V# k, U) t time_t t;

0 \+ S, Y% }+ l( m2 H8 I H- E

time(&t); / Q" r$ L: y* I- G3 sprintf("Today's date and time: %s\n", ctime(&t)); l6 }" ?! i# I% i: rreturn 0; ' E, g4 E* G. e+ S8 e7 ^ } ' m8 X% Q, y! b! ~$ H 2 c. W# P; h) h6 L ) \4 ~8 `( W5 h( c4 M

9 P" A4 {1 g. ^4 H% w

函数名: ctrlbrk + H- L. B+ ^1 I, e功 能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序 6 T5 T& M: d8 j; _1 K) n; w 用 法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void); : I3 O, S; j5 r8 Y% [; B程序例:

. D i% ?$ e' |% G4 `9 S% K

#include 6 ]+ Q- A& {( m+ c7 Z#include

# a) a: S; d& ? M- v# n1 H

#define ABORT 0

1 @3 M, J: D7 a- `$ o1 q

int c_break(void) . H5 w" [. l5 k { 8 C' {! U! |- b) R8 a0 A Eprintf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting ...\n"); : e5 t' d9 y$ Preturn (ABORT); 2 _/ I5 k6 [1 N: J. v; F1 j }

5 e" u7 X" J, W2 M0 e

int main(void) # ?) o+ i" b( R* n2 q3 C( M2 x/ {{ 6 Y/ M! Z+ a7 o4 }. `# h ctrlbrk(c_break); " @9 G4 `% h$ e% u2 l! ?for(;;) * u' T# } @7 _4 m8 l { ! t5 C0 H$ j2 i, M) r z printf("Looping... Press to quit:\n"); * B2 ?: K: r2 s, U* e0 n3 a } 6 y/ z' C, y4 J- i return 0; 0 p9 [" r$ W- O. c+ A1 v' b5 T}

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