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函数大全(c开头)

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发表于 2004-10-4 03:02 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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函数大全(c开头) , E5 L) t, f0 E

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函数名: cabs 5 f/ Y$ e* ]" S8 O5 m# N T功 能: 计算复数的绝对值 $ |& x* l: y, f# p2 N+ Y 用 法: double cabs(struct complex z); K! ^. |4 |& {! i6 r, x% g 程序例:

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#include $ z+ ^/ r0 f/ S" r #include

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int main(void) ! K& I' `( M$ y/ \3 c; g2 k { ! @6 _2 _- U! F8 h4 pstruct complex z; + h. u k4 k! n" `9 H9 b6 S' a double val;

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z.x = 2.0; ' o* J6 b. Y- n+ a/ }6 u6 D z.y = 1.0; 6 ^, q1 Z3 c1 k" J5 Rval = cabs(z);

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printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val); & d# k7 m; j- ^* O7 ?0 A) f$ Jreturn 0; % u$ x' r1 T1 U9 l1 E T} ; [$ `; k1 t7 O2 k! |8 W+ ~! J8 c# Q$ \! f' H. B 2 C, p' m/ n% ?4 d% h; n7 o7 \: Q: ?5 W

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函数名: calloc 8 ]) K0 w# a) n N1 y& [功 能: 分配主存储器 / x/ ~$ V6 C0 _) }7 O+ F' B8 G 用 法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize); ; ?: S9 ^1 Y5 L( t5 z程序例:

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#include * H/ o# g# X+ b. ^& J' w# L) K #include

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int main(void) ) y7 @ K! w# s: y% R( q* {" Q{ ! c0 S5 _3 z4 Schar *str = NULL;

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/* allocate memory for string */ / e, I( j" [: S) _# M/ b% ?. Q+ z Wstr = calloc(10, sizeof(char));

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/* copy "Hello" into string */ 7 S$ P( C7 b0 d strcpy(str, "Hello");

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/* display string */ 8 Y8 R0 r5 T; r$ Y$ ]+ p printf("String is %s\n", str);

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/* free memory */ ) x/ l/ {: ~" | free(str);

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return 0; % T% A6 a$ m4 J% H6 z& d% T} & w( `$ @. N' L0 E! P, t 7 S+ Z ~: t0 L# j- { {. c# `# v( |

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函数名: ceil / q+ b+ n5 U( {$ o D功 能: 向上舍入 % L1 S1 O; F/ _/ X4 I用 法: double ceil(double x); 2 b$ X: @+ {, Q- f9 k# i; J 程序例:

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#include , D) Q4 E9 ~. v/ y* D #include

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int main(void) . c) z" M& S7 U6 ^{ 4 j) m* q7 B* b; a- g$ G) o double number = 123.54; & D0 |/ w+ Y* G; j4 p6 B" | double down, up;

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down = floor(number); : u% D1 @ A$ w7 V7 U up = ceil(number);

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printf("original number %5.2lf\n", number); # A: z0 ?8 |2 f printf("number rounded down %5.2lf\n", down); " d' s3 H. o6 y" \1 Q) h/ c4 }0 C/ l) yprintf("number rounded up %5.2lf\n", up);

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return 0; " S9 U, N! X: U2 b. t, G* Q# E: P# ]} . O7 t5 O d( D2 \: X+ V) F6 C0 F& {6 ^# }5 |, Q6 p% o1 W 7 J. ^6 k( S9 s. n0 R

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函数名: cgets x; L4 G% [2 ~3 y, H 功 能: 从控制台读字符串 p$ R x- E- [& h6 l0 U 用 法: char *cgets(char *str); 2 W$ R c b& {# I5 j 程序例:

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#include ( `: V7 v" A4 n3 r0 p#include

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int main(void) $ {" m' G4 G! L( T8 X3 h; n- G2 k7 h { - m, Z+ k0 ~0 W& m+ `. c4 Z4 ~7 ` char buffer[83]; : b5 N2 ?6 [5 e* p! T* A. Vchar *p;

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/* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */ ) A- c% E& E0 h3 [4 G: h, @3 ? buffer[0] = 81;

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printf("Input some chars:"); / W7 M* F. Q: k" Mp = cgets(buffer); ! c+ Y& R7 Q( }printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); 2 w' v% q8 b# W) fprintf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer);

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/* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */ 7 d6 ]# a9 |, ]7 Ibuffer[0] = 6;

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printf("Input some chars:"); 8 y* [6 U* d$ C0 p# ^# Yp = cgets(buffer); # p& f1 i) |0 [6 ~! Zprintf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); ; v% T# w7 K$ M- W( ]3 |9 I7 Y/ a printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer); * ?1 o6 W' \7 c. f+ ?7 Q return 0; + u& x" ^# G i0 x& |2 ~ } / B6 }5 w+ x7 U. j & @, y: Z$ u8 K! X. ?8 n' F. {! k9 i2 k" s2 k" ?

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函数名: chdir 8 n0 R0 U0 Z- q" X 功 能: 改变工作目录 % [, k/ t' z# Z 用 法: int chdir(const char *path); ; }! B( L/ q4 V) `: m) p4 @ 程序例:

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#include 6 Y2 Y2 E: K/ j3 H, v9 C6 D. } #include 0 \0 x' o8 p3 X9 n' r) d #include

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char old_dir[MAXDIR]; 7 O' G& T6 a+ O/ Q, U* |char new_dir[MAXDIR];

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int main(void) 4 V3 ?; ~7 R% p1 { { 3 B2 T% X3 ^3 f* F+ ] if (getcurdir(0, old_dir)) ; j3 H& U4 ?* H% f- [" C1 M) u { K) E% g4 X) i/ w4 @2 L. d. `$ _perror("getcurdir()"); # ^/ b6 H( s" Y exit(1); ) Y( F: ~# m- f$ { z% g} 3 a! x+ i% D8 l4 \" a printf("Current directory is: \\%s\n", old_dir);

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if (chdir("\\")) % M+ L; O/ v2 d4 a7 h{ y( T# b; Z" }9 xperror("chdir()"); , h+ p) p2 d" J9 x* U exit(1); 5 U6 r3 Q# L7 R+ l2 T }

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if (getcurdir(0, new_dir)) $ F2 s9 H! X! @. X k& D% i s# ]{ 1 L! ~. K# D+ x. u perror("getcurdir()"); + r N! Y; o5 G, h" @- C0 U exit(1); 6 T/ P3 t$ g; k4 y, a* y } 8 q |/ B! u5 Z* O6 ^ printf("Current directory is now: \\%s\n", new_dir);

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printf("\nChanging back to orignal directory: \\%s\n", old_dir); ; i! m; K$ D E# a% K+ p, ? if (chdir(old_dir)) 4 s) k$ I' j0 f( w7 [, J6 e { 2 _" \/ A* @( k& ^+ F+ _: g: | perror("chdir()"); 0 Z0 B. `3 O# }6 C exit(1); . F4 Q. P( I% \$ B0 p: ?% h; R* u }

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return 0; 6 X; r. ^& A4 V" a* f } 8 _; n+ h6 E& @6 D0 _' t' D" [ ! V5 S7 a1 u2 N' A m

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函数名: _chmod, chmod U' \+ L# x- P- C/ w) v0 V* e1 { 功 能: 改变文件的访问方式 7 @. T3 I( j" o$ i8 ]/ ?用 法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss); ! _# m( {- J% U+ m; N# {# k程序例:

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#include 0 b# S+ P3 y6 M1 W/ R/ A6 k#include 1 S7 N5 l9 t/ ]; v$ P#include

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void make_read_only(char *filename);

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int main(void) & d2 \9 G$ M/ z) ]5 S; C# o{ * ]/ {" Y6 z( l4 \. B% @% t5 g/ q' ^ make_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL"); 6 N$ C; Z7 n I/ U1 Nmake_read_only("MYFILE.FIL"); ! z" d( m: Q# ~' l+ ^0 K2 @" g% greturn 0; * V; @3 ^$ k$ g3 |0 |9 M}

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void make_read_only(char *filename) & Y% l% A+ O% G8 {6 p9 l{ " m4 J. c u3 O3 L q5 uint stat;

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stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD); ' J6 H q9 ~3 X9 s/ Kif (stat) p! g+ Q1 u, t+ Z s: S* i printf("Couldn't make %s read-only\n", filename); ( P2 U9 I7 p( r* |* `. yelse ! h; u5 L) L2 o/ Mprintf("Made %s read-only\n", filename); . A6 X& d2 Q1 d( t3 j% v k9 B } 5 Z& N+ l+ C+ E% Y , l0 d* Y! W; W$ l5 R9 m5 Z8 q' W8 r$ `

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函数名: chsize , R: J' p5 T* u9 s3 S功 能: 改变文件大小 / B( N1 |' Z( V; Z. } 用 法: int chsize(int handle, long size); # S2 \7 r( R. g V程序例:

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#include " a8 c8 N# w, w7 r4 A% c#include ( C+ p$ ~; R# F1 ?1 I #include

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int main(void) & S( t Q% A( X4 a; z. S* Q { + z3 w2 |) X. [3 y5 H int handle; ) S. ^: {! [ y2 m" p5 E char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create text file containing 10 bytes */ / [5 \/ K2 W( T6 ^; A7 shandle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT); + l# c, p$ q" H' b% Zwrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */ ' n. m" z T0 Z* z1 | chsize(handle, 5);

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/* close the file */ 7 w3 C/ u3 e+ d4 | close(handle); ! m, Z5 x" i1 yreturn 0; " P& J* i6 N) N! ^+ E: z } ( e. e. w" J* p) L9 L! r5 R8 b; h : v+ i4 f- t3 h Z# w8 u0 A

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函数名: circle , V* H" g2 D/ A; ] 功 能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆 - L' f0 K- \$ ]1 e6 K) o用 法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius); 9 f/ S' Z+ `2 d" E 程序例:

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#include + }/ Z8 t( l- y! X4 x, o1 H( G #include 5 w: i: w% K" a1 S$ A& B#include 5 [& \% b* T/ h& j#include

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int main(void) 1 \1 v L' T' G# ?2 W# ~. ]8 N { 6 Q# }. u! I$ ]: { `/* request auto detection */ . r3 w( d2 q- C- h int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 2 p3 q$ b, v1 C& k) v int midx, midy; ; T. n9 x0 i2 T7 K( ]( w! oint radius = 100;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 x, H0 j9 \. n% Q2 |2 Z2 @initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ ; \9 R+ N5 y! N, i( z0 nerrorcode = graphresult(); 0 T h. s2 T8 uif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ - T$ ~' P N3 _5 G3 _{ ; ? F' f! X& S) Q2 xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 6 g3 ^% n7 r5 S3 r: _ printf("Press any key to halt:"); 5 P2 G# B' I! L- r5 x, n5 S getch(); 9 e d9 l# F: l ?8 v# j; | exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 4 C' S; l7 F" K9 W }

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; ( l8 q: s1 Q+ x8 m/ Lmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 2 n* J% g( C% D9 {3 K$ R& K7 J4 Lsetcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* draw the circle */ 8 O8 {# x+ k7 ` circle(midx, midy, radius);

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/* clean up */ 7 m) L$ D% p& P; i getch(); * K" X5 i+ p( |/ lclosegraph(); 8 V, j% S1 F9 O' U% K( H0 freturn 0; # g! W% i7 x% u) q. C5 \} : T5 t) |& ^2 n" c9 p- e# Y) M ; ~6 K2 N6 {- w& q" n% j2 C" K ; }- a. Z' H2 E% E* @" P

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函数名: cleardevice + E3 ^0 |" |* I/ h功 能: 清除图形屏幕 # g/ k; N$ P5 F T6 t用 法: void far cleardevice(void); 1 o8 Z3 D% l, U4 N% N+ D程序例:

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#include ) w/ R4 }/ k$ @. ]6 l0 t" {#include 7 F, O' E8 ? Y$ S! k- U: z #include 5 f2 A/ {& C( w/ J #include

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int main(void) * [8 ?1 `* o4 r+ ~- y { 8 k- l; G2 k7 q! b/* request auto detection */ e# [( u) S) y6 c0 Qint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 1 M' m3 f3 h6 }& f; X int midx, midy;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 J l ?# x' ~3 ]3 S" t1 ?4 m initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ 1 m- I: l9 r" l: Z" U' w& n+ } errorcode = graphresult(); 0 r; \: G+ u: r5 @+ fif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ |5 C: v; l# M2 P{ ( M8 ^: j3 W eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * E& B" D" y9 e! aprintf("Press any key to halt:"); - h" G' \( ]9 {% r: W' g+ `+ R getch(); 9 z" [' C2 o/ }* U% _3 M exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 7 |$ V% y& q" H}

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; ' T4 z/ @' U2 \: U; Q1 c midy = getmaxy() / 2; 9 b+ W( V; _/ P) R! r5 d setcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* for centering screen messages */ % N! U! O2 L6 Z settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

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/* output a message to the screen */ 0 {% F/ f8 ]- x( l outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:");

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/* wait for a key */ 2 ~7 p' O; y# V' Q+ H4 Q getch();

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/* clear the screen */ 4 M1 J: B+ x; D; t cleardevice();

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/* output another message */ 0 p8 \9 o" k3 Houttextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ 0 G2 {( a S6 e+ ~( \3 H* ~- P6 V getch(); ; Y1 d5 {; A$ K# o) N* T/ S' c& iclosegraph(); & f; G6 i1 h% {+ k6 Hreturn 0; 5 E% j+ d' U; [3 E! m# x U; e } 5 z% T/ s; b5 d6 @5 T; Q * p: [1 r% e1 e/ p* h % F7 r9 x# o6 V, f+ q t# M) k& i( Y

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函数名: clearerr 0 `' q" {* j! v& }8 V4 } 功 能: 复位错误标志 $ A' q. a2 E5 L' N 用 法:void clearerr(FILE *stream); * d% j/ {! o. V; z4 k程序例:

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#include

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int main(void) 0 d! Y! w* q0 d7 a { ) b0 L) _. Y1 H" B FILE *fp; : n" H k8 Z) W, V4 s3 O3 z8 Y1 L char ch;

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/* open a file for writing */ ' K3 O& E5 M2 y Efp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

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/* force an error condition by attempting to read */ # B4 Z5 s1 o1 @+ o) D ch = fgetc(fp); `# D5 F5 L y* D, ^% q$ V printf("%c\n",ch);

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if (ferror(fp)) % X( W k" d& Y{ 0 K ~* }; J7 i0 B; T9 G/* display an error message */ # Y% Q8 W/ T3 _% f' y7 M printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

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/* reset the error and EOF indicators */ 9 Z' ]: I5 @" @% g: `0 c; b. [' sclearerr(fp); " f1 Q0 w! L# H& E& l }

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fclose(fp); ! q' e. g' v2 n- L) _3 [/ b return 0; ) n& I& c9 a0 l$ N( J6 ^' U! g} 6 a" }! } o. v: ?* M3 }* s' W + y7 ^3 x% W2 C. h l- ` / Z8 F7 V9 Y S

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函数名: clearviewport ! ~& \9 l* p" n( K: y+ F" m6 o功 能: 清除图形视区 . L' z5 N+ E. C$ F% l- F用 法: void far clearviewport(void); M! N; j( I' ?; s' Z 程序例:

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#include : }) o8 b( b7 ] #include $ l- V+ C/ a2 w- H: A$ z; I8 A #include 9 W3 k4 c, t- L3 }0 J #include

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#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */

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int main(void) 0 _/ Y+ B% u0 A& e. ]* Z { / h6 ~) U; g$ E, l. z; K/* request auto detection */ : g" ^0 P! c3 [3 A0 E int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 5 R" V/ L# \$ v% F {$ g3 ~int ht;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , r6 a) S& X4 K' [2 k initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ / @2 `* Q3 Z3 ~9 I% v: H# a% i* L errorcode = graphresult(); & o: p# e; W% @# h B$ x# g# Dif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ - c; N7 X$ O% _7 K { % Y+ y5 k, P: _- E% v6 U printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ; U. z; \& ^+ _1 ~0 I n" \: Mprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 3 @/ J8 u+ I v3 M5 r' n# l( zgetch(); 3 J+ r& u/ w b) k/ @ exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ : N+ b; c4 i+ N, F; E( L}

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setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 1 f% J3 X6 k% Wht = textheight("W");

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/* message in default full-screen viewport */ ' R1 A i/ W1 N! C outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport");

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/* create a smaller viewport */ ) f5 J% f1 _9 Z. ^) e( y setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

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/* display some messages */ 7 u' s! r4 G0 h* q+ b outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 9 |% `5 N+ @' Y+ iouttextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:");

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/* wait for a key */ ! S J' `+ U% S4 M5 g6 {* E' U getch();

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/* clear the viewport */ & g1 B# U% |7 v0 ~/ r) Oclearviewport();

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/* output another message */ 8 D$ T( o p9 q% ?outtextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ , ~; R. Z$ P) c- D$ Kgetch(); / R' G R& U) f! w/ k8 | closegraph(); ( t. k: ]6 N# H5 H( u& ]( A return 0; 1 m( c% l& ?$ G# Q } , ~; {8 p! `# V' _ 6 _: V; `5 G7 u/ a 4 G/ {+ Y, ^. S5 J& t' N' |9 I

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函数名: _close, close 0 ^& `# Z% V) c$ c/ {# ] 功 能: 关闭文件句柄 * P* o) |; o+ w! U! \7 j 用 法: int close(int handle); 8 S1 n! C( W8 g% ~1 r 程序例:

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#include + g& [7 s) Z7 e#include / Y4 r$ Z7 L$ u3 S q" o #include / W8 c4 P$ N- ]& d. Z* ]#include

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main() - I9 a/ G& \ M. H { " U* f7 o% _1 [- V! k int handle; + X5 x2 W c0 Wchar buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create a file containing 10 bytes */ / _/ q( w' U+ J) ^2 y handle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT); ( b" d, g a3 q7 s2 S. cif (handle > -1) $ R2 `6 M/ q) |: i A% \& h# o{ ' G) _9 m0 D. g* }5 f4 V5 n6 { write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* close the file */ 0 R0 ^) Y3 M' x5 W close(handle); ( ?$ i& t' v5 V1 l5 Z- t6 P4 | f. T} + | \ u* Z5 W& m& N* o6 Velse 9 E/ p: x( n a { 9 \# o: u. S f9 i/ Vprintf("Error opening file\n"); * P3 v. ~% O, K& _7 U } " x6 ~& a8 _0 l return 0; . t& X# l( `- e, Z9 U } 1 V, G5 s8 a: G G4 c5 q- ?+ ~$ j2 s3 t4 m9 s: W' p* j# C - u' B, I/ M' q" R5 H% ]

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函数名: clock 5 {) u/ h# v. {1 }& N% \功 能: 确定处理器时间 " ~$ l0 b8 ^1 e; P' D% A! F用 法: clock_t clock(void); U% w' F1 T* c 程序例:

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#include 0 J* C6 {, y7 L$ L3 }* P9 H- h5 V#include ! G+ p# |" ]2 J0 O# S* p$ ?# b; c #include

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int main(void) & [4 |* Z6 B/ k" f( L{ . d) t: t+ n/ \/ k' Pclock_t start, end; 6 n" Z$ ~# N3 X2 e* U4 l/ o. x2 }start = clock();

# C+ a9 A e$ M* d% w" J+ V

delay(2000);

, x9 J9 h# Y6 S1 C* N& G2 w

end = clock(); ) c9 L8 T4 b- w9 G+ ~printf("The time was: %f\n", (end - start) / CLK_TCK);

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return 0; # `# ]: g: c) E! r6 y& ^% E# W& [ } 6 h; X! H- K9 f* M# p 5 U9 ]( r1 [- d2 W$ G* G. t - r- m; l& |+ P6 u0 u& {

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函数名: closegraph & M, _; |5 @$ E' d6 O% V6 L 功 能: 关闭图形系统 : M) }6 a/ F, B用 法: void far closegraph(void); 2 A% q! m: s @2 [& K 程序例:

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#include 3 D4 h% p2 o3 w, Y/ L6 G" ` #include 6 x. F; S7 Q6 ^8 f" P" B#include : }$ E4 A! b. ]' S( O #include

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int main(void) , s) ?0 ?9 I( M2 Q1 d7 ~$ v { - c% x1 |3 V( ?" D H /* request auto detection */ 8 ?) e1 C% O. |) ]" f int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % g! q" r8 y; cint x, y;

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/* initialize graphics mode */ : t! E) k8 }7 G( d& m O) {2 U initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ ' I- h" K/ j+ P2 ]* e6 Xerrorcode = graphresult();

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if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error 1 @ ]+ _' \1 g7 F/ R" t1 R, @occurred */ 4 @1 M5 x `& ^8 Q( o; }{ # w- [) A& ?! ^+ F- N8 |. V* f printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 8 ], J; i5 M- Y# F printf("Press any key to halt:"); : Q; F; `6 o j* z$ D4 F7 {8 `getch(); $ a0 K* @* V: ]3 E9 q9 E( T: Mexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . m; u( M/ I% V6 s6 z. [# i}

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x = getmaxx() / 2; $ Q. Q: |( x2 i, i$ w0 p8 L y = getmaxy() / 2;

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/* output a message */ ; O$ r4 X( M6 ^ settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ' s2 g1 G$ D, f2 {6 ~; ?/ f outtextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:");

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/* wait for a key */ x- u1 o t+ ^& }4 q2 ggetch();

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/* closes down the graphics system */ + r- i0 O3 q/ W- i closegraph();

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printf("We're now back in text mode.\n"); 6 ]. ~$ K1 Z( `) G6 Z% a0 T printf("Press any key to halt:"); ! L3 D: Y1 b T. f& _ getch(); / `7 I# `" B) K; B, ?. ^ return 0; 1 \1 M8 j/ I# q* E! s, D } 1 B) }4 {: d( b# o1 n ; c; D3 U6 g& v% \. y' G 7 F. v/ `. ~" b$ Z8 y" m- }

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函数名: clreol 9 Z* |" ~+ ~' d功 能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末 / l7 D* I7 h: E; L( M! Q 用 法: void clreol(void); % ^& L' P# y$ s/ C$ H 程序例:

$ P. \: Z F/ |. T" q2 l

#include

" T7 J! N K/ c }1 W

int main(void)

2 m5 G8 J/ q: B/ f# _

{ u% Q7 A# r8 ~8 o- g clrscr(); / R' F2 U' y2 V- Ncprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the\r\n"); ! Y( I& U ]: N& P% ecprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the\r\n"); / \- _; c, A8 u( k% c5 [" Jcprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor.\r\n"); % Z+ V/ y3 n- Z$ H% N/ [ cprintf("Press any key to continue . . ."); * x* o1 ^* j# b* I$ }& ngotoxy(14, 4); 6 u* o- w( C# U; `* w5 y! jgetch();

7 Q6 W4 r- F! y

clreol(); * o! |; a4 A% j0 j getch();

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return 0; 4 v' V9 _9 H! T. i} 6 Y& N) Q3 Z8 o; `: g0 w! J 5 Q1 S0 z5 H3 j! S" E7 h0 `9 Z: D& K8 j8 w) J" \$ {

% ~8 x+ q: U! M! b3 b0 ], b/ F

函数名: clrscr 5 q" s( I2 d3 \: P* H) ?4 H9 ?+ `功 能: 清除文本模式窗口 % j% Z; s/ d' \: @6 n 用 法: void clrscr(void); 7 S" i6 q! L# F2 U+ g! l 程序例:

% g! K- z" g! Q

#include

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int main(void) # R. j1 V7 W& k/ `/ o5 ] { 5 O) {# g4 x$ @/ q int i;

1 ]6 d4 k. ^- p

clrscr(); ' ?1 ~$ z: H' n; `! w2 Z. r: e! u3 }+ nfor (i = 0; i < 20; i++) 8 x2 d5 ^2 N8 s7 [ q+ f cprintf("%d\r\n", i); # `1 o7 J% ^" t" f cprintf("\r\nPress any key to clear screen"); : Z! e3 v7 W6 ~% i0 G% N/ j m getch();

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clrscr(); - l9 n% l# P. ~+ ~ cprintf("The screen has been cleared!"); 4 y& @6 y, Z; `- P8 C- o8 \getch();

2 h4 l4 z! `& d. }) ~6 N1 O

return 0; $ O# Z/ Y ~$ v} 3 r4 S" D6 F5 U& @: U5 o ! J& {8 j$ m, ^5 o" ?8 K. i: I ) N. R! J% X/ J- \+ E7 H2 A3 T

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函数名: coreleft ( l* q! h! N" b3 ^* q 功 能: 返回未使用内存的大小 , F6 B) `/ C' m( b+ z ~" E 用 法: unsigned coreleft(void); $ A! N5 W# T# P9 [; J3 u1 C 程序例:

: V7 P6 D& e- x. s9 x

#include 5 I5 @8 g6 Q2 `- m/ R6 z #include

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int main(void) $ c; ^" ] b6 |* B/ V1 m { 6 e- i8 q! d& Q& ^ printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and\n"); 4 r- I# ~3 X# N2 T) d; h* A) K printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes\n", (unsigned long) coreleft());

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return 0; 2 b* G- ]; E6 I3 i; z7 V} 2 u8 ?) B/ s! K% d

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函数名: cos 3 Z0 E8 Y0 Q. F( r9 v+ m0 H 功 能: 余弦函数 ; `7 I/ p# m" R. P9 l7 Q: l2 G 用 法: double cos(double x); # f i8 U: T6 @ 程序例:

1 h& T+ C) X. b

#include * }& d0 {$ p6 D4 p#include

3 S0 J* t! `4 j7 e/ B: G

int main(void) & l5 @1 c" k* I1 P { 6 Q( [. ?1 _( m: j0 `8 O/ fdouble result; * l" c9 }/ E- E% I double x = 0.5;

0 Y+ e( u4 t M- n9 ~" a u+ R9 h

result = cos(x); 9 P, x( t( l- x9 F7 } printf("The cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); , @2 q5 u7 R& W# ?; {return 0; / U+ b8 M' T; ~+ {5 X- v} * J$ B% h5 z5 U9 A9 W# O m7 O) S % f$ @/ m; J6 K: ^4 P/ Y ?* l! V! U! o& _/ l: ~" x' o( ]

7 \* u% b4 c( ?

函数名: cosh 0 z- `: ^4 r1 C. f" q3 V' a 功 能: 双曲余弦函数 - l9 R6 F& A* h2 [# G) H4 p用 法: dluble cosh(double x); + b! J5 a0 m8 J0 K; y$ r程序例:

7 H, `3 V5 c2 Q8 \5 ^

#include 4 ?- \! @! Q; ?( S3 k) r#include

/ v" [% i9 e1 h$ ^

int main(void) . P) b) ?& x/ J( W S" G8 ^7 Q { 9 W: O4 S/ ?, y% N1 `8 t5 zdouble result; # y! W1 I1 N; h, Z' Z! Kdouble x = 0.5;

. U; M' N7 T+ M2 G/ Z

result = cosh(x); 3 c7 V/ L9 {, v$ x- Z printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); S- u C' c i return 0; : I9 G! a* ~( l- W, e1 O; y } 8 {2 s p9 l2 s% s! n! l9 x) b! |, H* J* w7 H4 r ' c& J( S- E* J# x& P/ ~( X% M' c0 z

p! X ]9 s9 I/ `# X! l

函数名: country % @: Z: a3 ]" ? @* K+ s. D功 能: 返回与国家有关的信息 4 u9 v! r- H% C2 { 用 法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country); 8 g1 [4 {" U% e6 a 程序例:

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#include 6 Q N6 n0 h2 X0 h8 A) M#include

; E1 ?9 J7 ^1 F% c" L0 x

#define USA 0

: r: B) b+ n8 ~& S

int main(void) 4 [3 r6 o+ N5 n3 m* A5 I7 y{ # J9 j ~: V$ K/ ~9 ]3 {struct COUNTRY country_info;

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country(USA, &country_info); . V( k$ s6 s' M- V. I printf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s\n", + p! I/ \& u, f0 @$ u9 tcountry_info.co_curr); # j3 _3 g, X9 G; treturn 0; 9 ^8 x& w' g( I% `) l} 5 @, a* q2 R+ k. p( R! B; @ / W5 T- H3 O/ U( X$ l! x 3 N0 R+ b% m2 k J X% F

: J; ^, f9 i0 x# d& @: y% _

函数名: cprintf . J3 `0 c/ B( f9 | 功 能: 送格式化输出至屏幕 - |! N' n( A# d; U1 }& j 用 法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]); o4 e2 k- M+ v( V/ v 程序例:

. I$ P: ^* q( ^, _- b; s

#include

2 J/ X: m" [2 L. V7 R

int main(void) 4 B( F' o1 `. A- l! }) D& B g{ & w. }1 k5 D% i /* clear the screen */ ) {' ~3 j* `0 ?7 h. b clrscr();

% u* p/ j- M$ z) }' \8 {- W

/* create a text window */ 3 q: \3 u0 u4 _window(10, 10, 80, 25);

8 w6 w2 v- C( C: R$ d* `% Y2 ^

/* output some text in the window */ , K' Q, U1 ?8 Q4 i s1 Ocprintf("Hello world\r\n");

$ i3 }7 B& Z, x* U! h$ @- B

/* wait for a key */ 6 X' f/ F# e% V7 \* Y9 C' x getch(); 3 O2 |: H; M7 }' H/ H return 0; & p5 w2 ?. x) `" L2 {& f, A6 `} 8 _/ _0 X- s4 B. K' b( U. h8 X# @" @" M7 J5 {! l. |9 U+ y' e 6 y* c+ c7 ~4 ^- A$ O; X: ^3 g

2 I" n% g: l6 R9 D% p7 z

函数名: cputs 7 S) c* S: X0 r1 T功 能: 写字符到屏幕 3 A, t$ l$ x7 m# T3 G 用 法: void cputs(const char *string); 9 s+ s' ?4 U2 ` F) T) m2 u+ Z1 g程序例:

3 a$ z3 L2 Y6 w

#include

$ F' \6 t K! i" B

int main(void) - @# f) p4 `! T* B1 e { . `5 t0 d: U4 X) E# S* f. ` /* clear the screen */ $ i+ l0 a2 _" [, _$ Bclrscr();

5 j4 ]8 y: o# w( M* d! R+ j! M

/* create a text window */ 7 S* z" A ]" Zwindow(10, 10, 80, 25);

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/* output some text in the window */ S- i( H1 G/ c' z2 H' ^' hcputs("This is within the window\r\n");

+ l5 D' `; G4 }5 _

/* wait for a key */ $ z) b8 X I! y* X) [) kgetch(); : p9 B! W, g7 r2 f: @6 Yreturn 0; ) E! x. }9 ?2 m" ?" d C2 ^8 \} 6 G6 i" R+ ?8 o : V( }0 U8 L. e' A9 Z& q# |% l+ L

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函数名: _creat creat ]( S6 P' `% Y( f功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 1 `4 @ ^; ~) u4 w用 法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss); 0 J7 t1 q& T& V) j( u程序例:

+ L- T# l) N: a; p7 r4 ^

#include . g, l/ f% c0 x% z #include / `' F$ p6 I$ F9 s9 `; G& @#include T$ ^: ~/ J2 i, z+ t# x/ ` #include

) G: S8 R& r$ O4 W! ]+ X

int main(void) 1 x5 g k+ E2 Y6 o0 M( L% p# R{ % \( l0 i$ [0 L* |4 n- }* `2 L ]int handle; " i) k3 T5 h' X5 f9 W% f9 n5 o6 |: Ichar buf[11] = "0123456789";

m1 L1 t) v" T, u& P0 H- O

/* change the default file mode from text to binary */ 5 N+ \0 a! e. F6 K+ q0 U _fmode = O_BINARY;

& u0 ^7 ?% p5 G

/* create a binary file for reading and writing */ 6 `9 g2 j9 x: o' ], R1 k! n |3 T) D handle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

" P( s+ Y5 } X" R: ]6 p* Q1 E

/* write 10 bytes to the file */ 9 I, d6 J. |8 B! Bwrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

" Z; Q! m9 ?! F' E

/* close the file */ ( L1 @8 @, I: K( d& G5 l9 Z# d close(handle); ( h& d4 U8 K/ e4 j& L; @return 0; * d# ~6 [) G/ k& N/ t' R; H! l } 1 Z) e5 i" w7 v* c. l* }$ G

4 {1 J3 m5 c$ V$ H# e; U' i: \- x

函数名: creatnew + }' ^% g: q1 B, r- t功 能: 创建一个新文件 : H7 H4 d. D0 ^) X' ^8 A用 法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib); 2 c- T$ z4 W; i 程序例:

; l% z+ C3 u7 c: n

#include ) E9 O' g$ ^; Y7 Q' J; |+ e s* ~. E #include # h1 O* }; T8 y6 p& J: D #include ; ]. W _+ a' {+ O* n9 X#include " u; s2 a3 U( G& n& z7 p #include

, q z& Y% E! Z1 o( ?1 M

int main(void) * c8 q, ]7 d/ ~5 }% _{ - {' n( @( q8 R$ Qint handle; 7 @: f5 d2 l7 A# Ichar buf[11] = "0123456789";

6 y- g+ i2 Z, \! i$ O

/* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */ 0 n8 W) a# f3 [handle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0);

4 _# s, U1 {4 c) z; \+ S$ O7 M1 C! h

if (handle == -1) 9 I3 N8 R& W+ F* M/ T3 v0 b printf("DUMMY.FIL already exists.\n"); . S1 T; L$ S+ ~" y9 I' t% e. ~ else $ n; b2 \- b+ `5 V { * y# g) P6 T; u: ?& f, iprintf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created.\n"); 9 N& Y3 V& _8 f/ m" {, pwrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); 3 R% h! V2 t. B) Zclose(handle); 7 N y5 Z$ p& N, O J} ! l u0 z: x- j; I# f! Jreturn 0; " Q7 k& \- P$ z& C3 V} 8 H1 J/ F8 A" \8 A1 p$ l : x0 i3 h, n b# S* U- j! ^+ ]) t, p, `

+ A& X0 a: x1 }% U: y; X

函数名: creattemp ; ]# O/ \( a& a/ C$ e* c$ L o/ z 功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 4 y$ n- {, P- W9 q. a用 法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib); , L) z9 u$ Z' Q7 K( B% M: F1 K程序例:

) _' T& m8 I; S; Q9 S

#include ! ?$ g+ w5 q# ~0 r+ }. q4 i8 O #include 8 n6 A+ o% u: R0 [" e; A+ ?% E7 W #include

4 r# {4 c# }2 N2 c

int main(void) 2 {7 W' v1 P$ W" J' I/ y { ' [3 ^% X( C8 B) Z+ B int handle; ' ]5 }' r* @- V/ dchar pathname[128];

6 t6 ?0 n/ ]1 c7 s

strcpy(pathname, "\\");

- o( t; F& {: f3 K

/* create a unique file in the root directory */ ) l0 n: X, h$ C) i handle = creattemp(pathname, 0);

]$ A6 N0 x* h# }# g8 t

printf("%s was the unique file created.\n", pathname); : E, M8 n4 T. ^ }5 S. G) Oclose(handle); + V H; ?: K' Lreturn 0; 9 e) J. ~0 R4 S3 \+ v } $ Z5 W& A3 d7 _+ a, P5 _0 I 5 V! K a2 s2 S4 m* n; [4 e. u3 T! a# n& Y$ |

3 V- {: H! a3 M; d6 W1 h; g1 D( F

函数名: cscanf % [; ]! q& J) N0 n. a 功 能: 从控制台执行格式化输入 " T5 ?9 ~( q3 f9 z 用 法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]); 6 a& J! H3 \; g# j! } 程序例:

3 f4 C u/ A# A9 e# k" R# Z' ~: X+ Q

#include

3 B- U) @4 W1 P4 q- g8 V

int main(void) 7 F( s5 ?' y+ L, W{ ) r# Q+ L8 l9 Cchar string[80];

$ ~# s! U; V% N, I7 G

/* clear the screen */ c* d% s' {. K clrscr();

/ q$ v0 o, g+ y, R

/* Prompt the user for input */ % {# L9 l8 b6 c# y, ]/ g cprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:");

; b2 j! [5 W7 l9 _

/* read the input */ / B/ b2 y% A0 x) T4 q# d* P; I3 }cscanf("%s", string);

! P1 o1 |1 P+ X+ a& ~' d

/* display what was read */ & _1 ]4 h( `' b8 B' i) scprintf("\r\nThe string entered is: %s", string); ! ^ s- J" v; {" w* ^% X return 0; S8 ~$ ^* t: t7 p4 n } / z( n3 |9 U( I6 s' K* a+ J( u " ~0 s* D4 k1 p3 }/ F3 L9 B5 v7 P( T2 A' }5 f$ ?

6 T3 f7 _! k4 [5 R3 }

函数名: ctime - u3 b, i4 _' j+ e5 F 功 能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串 ) ^" G2 k; d8 ]" T1 ?6 Q! B4 N用 法: char *ctime(const time_t *time); y" Z4 X! R* O' y1 n( c 程序例:

. ?! l' a, O( r

#include , |6 C; {, I* c. Q( A! {+ U& c #include

# ~) X; q4 u$ _1 r, i( _% K3 T* s

int main(void) 9 a! j% _) i, S8 {' G: g: j { 4 a+ h. \" F2 \' t5 _# A, j time_t t;

; n2 V, R4 f1 V# _' I( s0 F

time(&t); # d' ]5 {* B8 B v( C2 W: `printf("Today's date and time: %s\n", ctime(&t)); 3 s" X6 j& ^6 y. S return 0; 1 N b* Y( A- n" W2 d} " c5 e, g! N- D) j$ I# r3 j* N( N6 _% _8 t+ H$ | V 3 Z6 H3 s7 a- t! ?

2 F3 e4 v& G5 X6 @2 }7 P, n) Y

函数名: ctrlbrk / N9 u9 z1 t+ V3 _功 能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序 0 G3 W2 [! c$ {/ e6 d用 法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void); / y( c" R7 g' U( |7 Y! V程序例:

- Q" l! p8 W# k

#include , F# t: x' y# u/ r! j, {) a4 q#include

( D% ]+ c' K' H1 P

#define ABORT 0

! b) e" \. D1 B/ p. q8 h

int c_break(void) " |1 n) I$ T& F4 z. f2 \ { 7 r' p) _# w1 I) I! Z* G9 F2 H printf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting ...\n"); / G2 ], s5 L8 {& M! _return (ABORT); 7 W: I( N2 Z# A8 Z' \- ~) n}

7 L# J- ?% c2 d2 u' `2 x- m

int main(void) , p$ k/ K& V; j9 B e5 S { % Y5 i4 Y8 J# r% }" Q' m ctrlbrk(c_break); 5 t d% L" V2 t8 Ifor(;;) 6 U- K- a% i* V; L$ L `+ p; n{ ) X R* b( E+ U0 \8 s5 \8 ~printf("Looping... Press to quit:\n"); 7 x' Z: l1 E) ^8 H0 R3 H } 9 n5 g% T: z1 q! h8 t! A return 0; 4 q& b: }6 X4 q}

zan
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