; I6 H& h' M. S5 B4、Python代码 / P6 q1 Z# H! Q* |#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- " X. P( @- {; ?+ z' r1 j& C - n. X% J/ Q6 zimport random + b' x; B6 B% Aimport math D+ W. w, ]( n; H! T" [
from operator import itemgetter3 [" r( a6 h, r; M* l
6 E* x1 r1 X# a) f3 d2 d5 O/ l, p9 Wclass Gene: i2 |9 Q- h, [; ~0 j3 N: \
''' 3 k+ a# `" [* `* N9 @0 q7 f This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom3 i X+ O$ J! `, b
each object of this class have two attribute: data, size 9 r- g* {4 z C& b$ p ''' & B, v, s# y) H, r7 M4 c% l def __init__(self,**data):0 A" W6 z3 i! B
self.__dict__.update(data) 7 n( f& m& D. y8 q; n3 ~
self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene. s2 U$ _0 T" c: N
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, {) Q+ M' ?7 _7 }class GA:. H/ K4 {9 F- I/ v( {
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This is a class of GA algorithm. ^- L# h& p4 t: _. W( ]! z7 K2 ~
''' / ^9 n4 C# p, ~; w# F' i def __init__(self,parameter):0 u9 U7 s! N0 a1 k, Q f; `% N
'''' [$ u; V- L0 u4 d
Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value ./ Z, E: `$ P$ ^+ _
The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that: 4 s0 s* \; F2 M/ F4 Q9 }. c" ]6 r1 ~1 Y
{'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)}# Y9 n- P1 s- A- g
Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] " E& F9 ?" E1 T* P 2 Y f/ ^$ z8 a3 a0 n '''4 P& [5 g' z3 O, q( u( e8 N
#parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] / |+ r4 x, F/ y self.parameter = parameter* }2 S( D3 i, ^1 M$ t7 p
0 ?8 @/ C5 |. N; w low = self.parameter[4] 9 H( |! O. V _5 _6 h* |9 D$ Q& ] up = self.parameter[5]3 }% O4 S" X- N: d$ i/ h% o
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self.bound = []/ R9 R+ ]$ c- U& T1 P
self.bound.append(low) / f8 j) s, r4 u/ t/ S- w$ Q self.bound.append(up) w# A5 W5 Z. N# R: O, w( G
2 g& l( S' ~/ p! x7 Q8 a pop = []! v5 l9 `5 S$ f/ ^" q+ f
for i in range(self.parameter[3]):$ h$ R" h' n" a
geneinfo = [] - h K6 N: b: _! y K1 ? d5 ? for pos in range(len(low)):6 z/ v4 j4 d* M$ |+ @ @
geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation ' K3 b" |1 r, D% {; B8 X/ H7 S! ~# M
fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome - `+ o& L' r& K4 ^! O x pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness . R: D: Q3 E' }& y! m2 ^$ e( ]. Z, e3 U" d$ I
self.pop = pop f$ c0 I/ j. e5 [2 R' i- |
self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population" z" B0 t$ w! y4 Y* J3 K& w/ C$ G
0 R- x- P. Y5 b- C. Z' y1 Z def selectBest(self, pop):* _& n6 { v0 G) c0 q5 L; N% G/ b
''' # d8 V3 [" y1 _5 R* S, ^ select the best individual from pop+ E, m, Q2 \' i1 O4 Z6 ` l9 n
'''# a) `/ c# U3 ^( z
s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False)0 @. g+ ~/ q+ m
return s_inds[0] ( x8 S, ^; g$ F7 J5 m7 t( d6 Q" p( q+ i- M( n0 U y' a# M
def selection(self, individuals, k): 4 W9 i3 |4 b: F c8 H9 _/ q+ M '''$ e0 `- L' \: U8 x+ m1 E. E
select two individuals from pop# s+ o3 v5 x1 j u# Q
''' 6 b6 s/ m& |, z- }& p s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness ' b9 E' \4 \% U) j! e: f sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop2 ^" U4 t; a$ h# f' n" Z! S7 u# {% \
Y; N/ }! I2 s) C chosen = []1 j% {5 O, n/ m2 P8 }* n; I
for i in xrange(k):6 O8 J' l" g% X/ [
u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits] ) j4 e. s* l# K7 O* z" n+ U sum_ = 04 w) D0 R+ f# {! W
for ind in s_inds: . k$ z- h: E8 x6 t R0 @2 p( r5 Z sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness * P4 W# }/ P% t' F: f1 T if sum_ > u:* ]7 t+ X- ]7 [, U! }4 k3 {
#when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop - K) _. w4 c! F. R2 `$ [8 T/ M chosen.append(ind)/ u. x6 Y3 L$ Z5 a5 B8 z, n& V
break 4 s7 ?$ U0 o* l0 B / k1 Y" ~' g8 N& W W return chosen ( X, U& j l+ i% z! Z- A/ g6 y- U
9 [# M, u% f9 N * V% @2 \( t. v0 o! I- T def crossoperate(self, offspring):3 i! K+ l3 O$ i9 B
''' 0 U0 L4 y( \, ~4 H cross operation- m* g+ d; l! f1 V/ X
''' . w, A7 Y6 e# b) }$ |% m! [( m dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data)3 u* R6 t+ E/ L0 |/ N: k6 v/ X
! B8 E. S1 m2 V; S geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop + s( N- N, P7 ] geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop 5 q3 I# x# I2 E" f2 A3 o J7 B: w* U% ~- r8 B0 e5 b* d& [% t+ V; O! j4 e
pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, & w" w' M3 W( s! b pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim)2 o8 Z# O- w, X, X3 G
+ i5 J% f. ?/ i9 t# y" R newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation% v' I. O2 d) h0 `" ~5 h! Z( I3 p& d
temp = []* \7 p+ W$ J$ |9 A, {
for i in range(dim):( u7 J* [+ T, [9 I# T; f. M: Y/ y* E
if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)): * [+ J5 H7 S1 l' w2 y) T5 \0 m- B temp.append(geninfo2) 5 f" @' e2 `% X3 ?+ v #the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]) ?( ], s' E+ X& E9 w
else: - t" s- }! E0 g% l temp.append(geninfo1) 8 h9 r+ l9 Z$ x% \' v# X #the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]: s6 n7 p1 T8 C J2 K- i+ U
newoff.data = temp % h3 P1 j b: N$ }' [6 |- ?' {; m% U
return newoff" d- ~7 L8 i) R% U; D6 N7 k
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def mutation(self, crossoff, bound): ) c0 j! o3 O1 k/ @9 s+ s4 _ '''* R7 A. R% p; ]$ |. ?% v" f7 F% i- i( G
mutation operation1 b, E' k8 l% N
''' ) w3 ?5 [" u- p+ v2 |5 B7 @& G& N& D+ l" o8 m. b+ q; r2 d
dim = len(crossoff.data)' n7 l# K* b( X2 G! T* t6 d
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pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation. 0 \- R7 U' I$ }) f" `: ]- G p# T5 G. I* ?4 |, K, d% c3 G. l
crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) . A+ Q2 X7 D1 P return crossoff8 D, B2 r/ B- C b
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def GA_main(self): , b: K' ~0 d: Z: k ''' , _: O* C! m4 o main frame work of GA; \& o6 X! S w% F1 ~7 Z- V
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# V5 {9 Q8 k0 a. u# S7 ~
popsize = self.parameter[3] 8 u+ Q7 G5 _) C : M, g% t; x; h# L& X! k6 ^2 M print("Start of evolution")7 v M' T- O" \: e& c$ v3 t/ A
, E$ T0 I( i) H, Q( N$ q E # Begin the evolution ; K# N2 S: i9 k2 Z. b& | g. l% o for g in range(NGEN):7 W: }4 j% m1 ?2 V. A. I; @
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print("-- Generation %i --" % g) ; Z! [9 ?( F; D& d' B1 R " g7 ]- ?5 H, \+ N! E #Apply selection based on their converted fitness & K* @/ D6 k) h, p8 Z selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) # p2 C: {4 x* M! O: j6 |( L' }6 t+ k, m4 ?7 Q& u9 B' E/ D
nextoff = [] . y9 t8 S+ [7 E5 J
while len(nextoff) != popsize: * e4 Q4 s; o! Z, ^0 o$ t8 |
# Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring $ [5 f1 T' ]& I! D K3 M
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# Select two individuals 4 }) b; r0 A( @0 I! ^3 l$ q offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)] / Q6 u. G& q% ^, j8 c( d 5 r) t. T/ C! [& q if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB 6 \. t; B! \3 V: G' X& w% b crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring)# `- G7 U" w. ^5 b. N4 Q
fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals 8 W9 v% |% j0 w7 c. `9 b% a/ G2 P4 c! }0 b. M a
if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB8 E" l' X& h G, {& k) ~' N: g
muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound) ]+ R6 X' w; R/ @2 p1 {0 s. L fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals ) q7 B+ @* f9 g ]( E& i% J6 l nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff}); _; A+ S/ _% T! G- T. Y' r. a
, S* q$ @" j# N2 m Q+ r # The population is entirely replaced by the offspring $ p' U2 t9 @7 F9 v7 @ self.pop = nextoff * j4 \, L4 T+ o& V, y' `! K: r: }( L3 U, ?+ x
# Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats2 Z: Q; I/ @9 i3 \ n
fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop]) ~0 ]" w5 y% l
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length = len(self.pop)3 X1 }/ i" A* z1 O
mean = sum(fits) / length" Q1 P0 A- e! s( Q" @; j
sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits) ; W$ }/ Y" f! P- |7 B) e! K* \ std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.5 & ^4 L5 t- n: l; w6 h _2 r best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop)% Z: I* l% }1 p; [7 H% @
. N! I( @/ ` e if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']:, v8 e- C8 d/ B0 i8 W8 |
self.bestindividual = best_ind: r1 [6 d/ `: p: N% J
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print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness']))( i0 I: y7 C4 H6 g6 m* F
print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits)). M/ w) ]6 ~/ k# X- [7 |4 ?, V
print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits))) S% B1 e- g' M5 O1 @3 ?, h+ q
print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean) . t) C. r& i: ~$ r. }) S print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std) 7 @+ S! C8 j2 F4 l* V; l6 ]1 g) @/ I. A& Z+ |; ]
print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") ' G: w& p/ \2 l 6 c: x" t. }9 D# c/ I3 xif __name__ == "__main__":9 @$ ~5 F$ H$ ?; X, h* N$ W
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CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters 3 ^0 O2 z6 @; }+ M0 Z5 S6 J! \6 f. h- I( K0 j& j/ S
up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables# M5 f: }( F8 D* t7 _
low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables 0 t% _6 i3 w. _$ s parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]2 ]2 U& [, c5 B! h- e
$ n1 p6 s4 F! O run = GA(parameter) 7 L/ R# w" A% A5 ? run.GA_main()/ p1 j" A! L! C% d$ U; \$ P
———————————————— ( a7 U1 W$ g$ T* R版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 ; Q; n) a N% z8 t, J6 W原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675% e' i! \4 z: `* T: V+ a( u
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