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4、Python代码 6 x' H3 h" u4 d: Y$ u#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-$ ?0 v0 p; z( C, O
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import random " F. z& g. o: v+ A9 e1 }! A zimport math 2 }" n$ b/ n0 H+ c G; u& b- c- z# n; [from operator import itemgetter 7 N; I( i3 q3 \) f l6 J/ y; v( W( g/ r
class Gene:, K" F1 x3 x$ |3 X$ E: H: c" D8 s( @# `
''' + k$ m; C1 D2 a& Q- x This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom . {7 u/ F" W0 F0 F* e+ V, o each object of this class have two attribute: data, size4 E: W& K1 p1 [$ c+ ~2 S' [3 v9 o# W
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def __init__(self,**data): & z1 p; z( z" k! ` self.__dict__.update(data) e# w& |( g* m+ N1 s6 C0 Y1 t self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene 5 @ v8 C7 N) b& L9 L' e8 K 6 \) g) ?9 l; S( Q" v& V0 U1 C5 b6 S
class GA:+ g/ @; j. I* t) H6 Q# m+ s
''' / {9 l; a& V* L) ]; i This is a class of GA algorithm. : v6 b4 i5 M2 B, w0 e. [! R '''6 N- d* Y! `9 u7 J' t% a0 Q
def __init__(self,parameter): " w# G1 z7 A+ _; ~9 b: r- p; T ''' ' w% E! }( E* n Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value . 9 X0 K( x; F6 c8 \" C The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that:7 k# o9 t3 `; K* N8 G" @
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{'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)}, A" a1 i# b$ \$ r, z8 V2 ^) ~- _$ i
Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] \! S" ^$ ]1 R' h) ]) P) H1 l! l 4 g& P: V1 u. m '''+ C6 W8 O& ]' D6 M3 A$ \: t1 V
#parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] ! J5 l+ K a6 A: K. ? self.parameter = parameter $ ?! F" ?5 g* y' y7 a * ~& n7 l4 ]& v) z$ F; D% _ low = self.parameter[4] - k' z5 }2 h: \2 o; } up = self.parameter[5] ! E* [3 B4 G. R, V. ~3 h ' c& E2 m/ U) `9 u self.bound = [] * L9 B, p6 h) N; | self.bound.append(low) ; R: R" ^# K( ?" I self.bound.append(up) % c; e5 E% _5 w! k$ r2 Y6 N/ c' V [; t# o9 |% n: b& {" x
pop = [] . {6 m B7 s7 Y7 g) `) @ for i in range(self.parameter[3]): 3 m% h" k3 y$ F: j geneinfo = []6 B! n3 x/ f: Q, W& Y2 \' l: J
for pos in range(len(low)): - c5 t7 z! f# m, `- D geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation( ] n9 T4 ]. G4 N& S! Q: b9 I
2 W% @# f5 s8 w$ a( q- J2 W fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome ; p* X& P0 p5 s7 j* q pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness - o0 ?4 I: K; p; z8 t3 V0 P6 k : c7 c% e& n* Z( O+ W5 | self.pop = pop ! U! ?2 T# l( u# l self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population; w" Z/ e% b6 f6 a) a. b6 W: D4 n
9 i6 u X% x; H. @8 e6 | def selectBest(self, pop):) G5 D3 M8 ?( n2 L& q9 b
''' 2 d5 `/ B. u9 V select the best individual from pop$ y7 J' Q7 \9 l' u' D
''' # x/ ^7 Y0 [$ F2 E+ d2 k' S7 B s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False) " e: ~/ I- j7 m return s_inds[0], d2 e" _) _4 j6 f8 p& y
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def selection(self, individuals, k):' X. t" j3 r- u" v! W; z
''' : f- @8 v$ j0 K d select two individuals from pop% p/ b* b% Y, G: A% E6 l& @$ z
''' ' t' g' o# a; F, y y s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness ; m7 ] r' [9 D3 K K- x sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop F4 K K3 V7 k2 |0 z7 v3 ]1 F. C6 t6 u" w4 l, q! |' T9 x: r+ n
chosen = []% i( ]& Z$ x" x) o( `
for i in xrange(k): ; ]1 ~; }% i& t7 Z; f$ V2 h' u u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits] ) ^8 t! ~# {/ m sum_ = 04 \* r+ A3 ~& p$ ]
for ind in s_inds:1 B3 l, S% `) j# }2 ~' z' c/ q
sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness 6 P5 N9 E) B$ ~- t0 p if sum_ > u:& w/ s9 w# J$ I0 V+ X5 q7 G' n# I
#when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop . d8 f9 @' w. I% ^ chosen.append(ind)7 H7 W! U) _ K1 i, C# `: X
break8 i$ \! D! c5 ]6 ]* I+ z+ ?/ h& Z
' N( _4 M. M/ ^ def crossoperate(self, offspring): 5 p [# A5 r2 | u( S ''' # ` ?& p1 Z# p1 t; R% W% S cross operation # E) H& A/ e. [; W ''' - c/ R8 y# s0 z& o/ \9 _3 c dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data)6 b- J: {" ~7 u* M5 \: `3 F# o
8 r' |, U3 f! E1 a& A; m geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop" k3 p; M: I' G5 h5 e: f: a. }5 C
geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop2 b0 I; i* O: Y- q7 A8 `9 D6 m% l1 C
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pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, 3 F# D0 P! d+ k% o3 l+ { pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim)# K% C( B; ~4 g4 ^( z" n. j
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newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation 4 S4 F/ U0 s {; @5 H/ e0 g% D0 n temp = []5 R# M! I# O; U+ x" u! |5 u
for i in range(dim):$ J. d: _3 l' e6 O- G# z
if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)):4 A6 o, V. h7 O& H+ }% j
temp.append(geninfo2) 5 u! Q7 h5 N) [+ z" q) l #the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]& p1 ~0 a4 a$ n2 K1 h) L+ ]
else:8 n: |% I& G V- g; O0 }
temp.append(geninfo1)0 U$ a/ `& |- z( e- K
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)] % t& j+ f3 w( x% ?. {1 t" L newoff.data = temp ?/ m+ M# s% `- L
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return newoff7 c! J0 T+ N2 n4 r+ ^
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" ]% K, o6 `* ~+ ~; I def mutation(self, crossoff, bound): & ^* o0 I- f# b. j4 c& ^ '''' A' A. L/ l# I( t0 a/ w, }
mutation operation ( R; q/ w6 |# [( `9 Y ''' 1 R y# H/ v# l7 A / O- `* S. S2 |# w2 ^: Z3 y dim = len(crossoff.data)8 ?, K) v# x9 J
! N2 N4 o2 j: J! p% _ pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation.6 Y' e5 l# d' t+ I, ?# o
8 y2 m# M( H" N7 x; c; j5 g crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) 3 |0 x, B+ ]3 z0 e9 u0 C return crossoff, v- A. I k! q% g
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def GA_main(self):9 H8 W! K- Z l7 S7 k: v/ S5 ^
''' ) P8 C( F' p: R/ M/ D: ]5 B) t2 e main frame work of GA4 c* \+ u1 `1 x: m; V( e( o* t
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popsize = self.parameter[3]9 p% [+ K+ w/ ]' h" d/ u, m4 _+ V
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print("Start of evolution")/ w: E# {% E. Q) Y2 @. Y
+ x0 w' A2 N( U # Begin the evolution6 l) F; K% o `# \6 ]
for g in range(NGEN): ! p! |) l. S& W8 m $ L$ Z1 p/ u/ c% r3 @' Y print("-- Generation %i --" % g) + A# E: F3 E9 e7 X& T( q8 x $ x' y2 Y9 ~9 `# v #Apply selection based on their converted fitness & b9 a: j8 |' B y! n selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) , l. T" S) `/ e2 x
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nextoff = [] : i" E& l3 F) J) V
while len(nextoff) != popsize: # j% ^3 s& M% _& c2 r
# Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring 8 |0 e' y( T# S( C9 G3 }4 g
! i" j, F- y( n # Select two individuals 9 m7 O& |. k* M! i offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)] 0 w* A! `2 M/ R1 _6 e5 w 7 k" L( K2 r3 g. ? if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB 1 X" |4 I1 U" X; l- f4 t4 I2 d crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring) , R; B# R7 H: u; @; \ fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals ' Q2 u9 D$ Y' L5 e7 v1 M) ^2 E
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if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB4 ~0 h4 l" V8 O
muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound) % ^% m6 o7 r( M; O) u2 b fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals G, S! f5 R7 h: `
nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff})9 y) N. c( P$ |/ v" T* G
) y6 X/ o) F! l1 l$ [+ G1 i # The population is entirely replaced by the offspring/ d0 ~& B$ _. C& ^9 I% n. v; N; c
self.pop = nextoff: v9 R4 y+ _- J3 V
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# Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats G6 b: t/ ]" J+ p, a; `! ^ fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop] / z C% W @5 z8 Z. R8 v: R1 r / S7 z+ T- G! S/ R$ I length = len(self.pop) 6 I9 n3 i8 @6 N" Y" ]: n0 d mean = sum(fits) / length , ?' v6 r X) o6 R* X; r: X sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits) 6 S' L$ x* Y- _* y std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.5 " `0 G/ A! \5 R! |) E; n best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop) 6 q/ j3 V8 l3 W6 w; q2 P( } y$ a P
if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']:* ], U3 V/ V+ o/ \$ T9 A
self.bestindividual = best_ind s$ Y2 N! D k, E3 M
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print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness'])); }" }% a$ H L p4 `
print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits)) 0 s" K8 z E, n- u6 } print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits))6 `( z4 N$ H4 H0 P. ?) Z
print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean) 5 Z+ ]' G' E! U$ [# L print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std) 8 u9 E1 B- a, d( c s3 L v$ D% {3 X. N7 I" _3 |
print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") $ T" V, ^/ C* z8 ^* k: \, h8 `. L' i
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if __name__ == "__main__":8 n; E0 U9 n9 y! }1 p
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CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters! T4 W; E; X: d8 r- Z1 o8 ^ T
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up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables ' A) ?: B+ ]- h0 ^1 q9 g low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables3 N- p' k4 Z; f# \$ S
parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]! a+ _2 u5 o1 y0 {
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run = GA(parameter)$ |- S- ~( u) L4 B; u+ c
run.GA_main() 8 c2 j. h0 V& A———————————————— ) p: a1 A- } U版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 " d C) ?% q5 }) z; m原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675% }9 J {8 M% H" O# X