4 C* X: _' V9 ^% t2 j" F/ k) J" `4、Python代码) B0 k. E( V/ q' ^* P; ?9 g8 R
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-: S8 g! h- ^% M3 }4 {0 ^
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import random$ o7 l% w" C3 T7 \, u0 z4 ]% d$ ] w
import math ( I `* o( o# }0 [4 yfrom operator import itemgetter ( r% o. O0 ?2 A- K% n $ N, D* {4 x7 a7 E y9 dclass Gene: 1 U; ^) ~! f! J ''' 5 t) S6 Q) b- y This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom6 S d+ t7 U5 m' @6 X z0 X
each object of this class have two attribute: data, size! j- k; o# Y1 N+ |0 l/ @& ~
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def __init__(self,**data): / _9 R) f+ j% o+ c9 q B, d self.__dict__.update(data) ; f8 R: x8 \) B% t" f4 n( D1 M" M1 i$ G
self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene 1 N: `: _! l% i6 S% X ; G& C" \+ Q9 v9 O& ^ 6 ?1 b2 U: p+ ~8 oclass GA: ' [7 Z/ p$ y5 X7 `' a$ M '''2 D" A& w8 r3 k6 r' [
This is a class of GA algorithm. / E. R% Q, C5 r ], X/ C
'''7 E& \! V6 d- u0 C) @* B5 y
def __init__(self,parameter): 2 l1 F" ^ ~. n% X ''' ( ]! V+ p' n& G6 Y# p' w Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value . 8 G; n* {- y7 K$ ^ _" P The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that:# }* c1 l% c8 r6 V$ f/ V" S( [, l
' N- u/ Q, U4 x# I _1 u) @& G {'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)} 7 r/ {9 d- V/ ?1 i, e% p3 ~3 S. x Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] 9 a) C; I3 m/ p% ]" R/ c& U; c% X% o2 F
''' 1 ]" m* b. M! _' V, @% R; @4 S #parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]5 {0 M( u$ g. `8 y! V t0 ^& Z
self.parameter = parameter 2 b, H# I6 E) }/ p8 V- F " ^& h: t0 c% @; q. o low = self.parameter[4]# o9 v% d; w3 e Q: X, ^
up = self.parameter[5]! t* ~) H# Y# x2 |
' @ o; ], P& }% @% _9 Q, m self.bound = []8 o6 a, I% K7 i9 V
self.bound.append(low). a* l2 M. v4 b/ a8 `! M) F! U) Y
self.bound.append(up) ' q+ u( c v$ i j* ` , ~$ F. a& S4 y3 t B pop = [] 4 o, B, P ~" [) B) z% e2 O0 y for i in range(self.parameter[3]):( ^' ?" j& J2 Z) q+ f) y
geneinfo = []! s) ] \* o4 r: ~9 w6 u* H9 X
for pos in range(len(low)):+ W R) R. q5 ]# L, Q& X; l' @
geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation. I* ]! G4 T( }! d) P
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fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome: ?1 @1 k) F* t5 a& S- w
pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness8 N2 n3 B5 d- J! z6 o5 f6 A) W
- ?: e# g4 f7 c, _) ]" f, { T/ { self.pop = pop: l- {& S8 s& P; N& u
self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population1 N: v4 W6 q+ ~: t
3 c) F/ s' B, p4 l! A) F def selectBest(self, pop):! g2 M, P, X3 D( `" F$ a
''' ; u. c2 }2 N4 U. j0 s/ ^4 ?- u select the best individual from pop : D0 c6 o- E) M( Y7 r' n ''' , L" s2 R6 M/ P# {4 t& M s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False) 4 k: I" k6 s; B2 _$ H return s_inds[0]2 d" U( A2 X% w6 H0 i, v0 B
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def selection(self, individuals, k):# {0 c; ~4 o- \# ]
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select two individuals from pop* ^. z4 E7 y& U! q1 J
'''5 ~/ P1 t) P: E. k: l; y
s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness 0 y' f* |# b n" ^& l& D) O: h
sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop1 Y7 w5 g8 q' J, e6 G- ]
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chosen = [] , [0 p+ I4 b( |6 |- M! d& n for i in xrange(k):/ i. {4 E$ U1 C& k. A/ V
u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits] 3 _; y4 k1 g+ ^( b sum_ = 0- [4 {* ^' T4 ]2 Z
for ind in s_inds:( m" Z5 V+ _& D
sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness& \/ m- m, c! G, @+ m* s B
if sum_ > u: % Y/ H2 `! y2 Z) c8 J2 L- q #when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop , ~! T& Q/ I3 I' K) b N chosen.append(ind) # |4 [1 x- S1 e2 t4 S S% T break 1 a$ o& [9 R+ P6 n# u # j0 L" o& c* s return chosen 3 E+ u. h; I6 ^3 L
$ d9 |' z" U9 |% d7 c & y9 e! |6 ?+ v6 v0 ^$ `! d def crossoperate(self, offspring):) Q, q7 V* j8 @4 m
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cross operation& h2 Z Z6 n' m. u2 p! S) g2 m
'''# x: n9 b6 V b. R
dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data)2 M7 N; `7 \$ O& r5 o
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geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop # r5 V9 e( k% F# L4 e/ ^ geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop( W# Y1 e/ y% D9 J$ p
0 t9 b3 G9 E3 @9 @) g9 o pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, - B5 X* |# i4 M5 \
pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim)! a$ [9 O4 I1 e4 S6 @+ r! m
& l# a/ C2 m" \' t/ W newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation" ?7 l$ s$ O# ^% r: P
temp = []( W' \" G* B+ p+ B% Y
for i in range(dim): ! B6 k7 |; u$ l& ^5 ?8 L! D' O! y, s if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)):2 Y' G: g( u6 C* s
temp.append(geninfo2)0 ?2 y! ?, U4 D+ c1 `; f% ~- M3 [$ g
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]- a* X0 D6 V3 Q- y0 L* P J# s
else: ' A! _' v$ s' g: m$ e* y9 ?8 L temp.append(geninfo1) _# b% M0 @: L, J7 n& q* A #the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]1 }8 k: A2 \, `+ K: V+ \0 |' I
newoff.data = temp$ B c6 V3 H3 G
( i/ u3 k! j: G4 `8 |( m return newoff * [( [1 C! |( F" g( k: p5 O9 w7 u, k( g2 @) V3 S6 k! t
. b. W$ W) Q N* f$ P/ ^ def mutation(self, crossoff, bound):2 }' M9 U, i4 |% U1 W1 r$ N& T+ I1 s* e
'''9 @: B- }6 w, @$ K- m) Y
mutation operation * w- k1 p) E: K( ^! U2 U '''% m9 V& k$ n+ U- S
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dim = len(crossoff.data)) V( ~ j" r8 V9 t1 V1 ^6 v
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pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation. ( g' m( f1 P: e4 Z7 y ; D. T8 C. W: m; M crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) , o' T& ?5 W4 K return crossoff " i# t. k( O* E" j + d; u8 U: l8 w2 ~- b3 _2 b7 m$ K def GA_main(self):: ]! R z8 }" W( @
'''8 j q, E/ U- l. [7 i
main frame work of GA : U8 v' c# _5 a* Z7 _ '''# j: I7 c" |+ ?# R. n9 b- m
4 V0 a. L, A: G3 a popsize = self.parameter[3]0 e8 t# @: W: D' k
4 e) o/ K2 ?7 q; Y print("Start of evolution") 3 z) z( V5 u2 [7 k& f* K4 i0 N, ~8 r. C
# Begin the evolution 3 X4 O' I, Z. M4 F1 x for g in range(NGEN): * L! R! r5 Z) U U/ t6 w5 v8 ]( P( f" `
print("-- Generation %i --" % g) 2 u. D6 k1 s$ ^# c) f 8 v: e/ a4 @7 L$ j #Apply selection based on their converted fitness 8 \7 U" }, U) d% ? selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) 8 k8 R* }6 Y W- Z' W; M6 U3 S/ m: j
nextoff = [] - o" a! }6 I+ S# o! z9 S N while len(nextoff) != popsize: " |( G. v! [9 v& y" m) U6 W5 l
# Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring % t8 Y: N6 J2 j {* c; C# S9 G [- W- Z6 p3 |3 z
# Select two individuals' s% I2 l' d/ f# M
offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)] 0 {' U: R' r( u4 \ : Q/ c9 U. F% ?8 ]/ S if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB2 ?1 h# \7 }( d8 `' |$ z- b" n
crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring) 8 b. e9 s- F# R fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals 9 A3 _% R4 l3 s" b; T( M+ b1 p4 r8 j5 O, `
if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB , Z% |" y! r9 N, R muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound)1 }/ q* K9 ^2 F+ t
fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals 4 R/ f8 `; R( y* _4 u6 u6 Y nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff}) & ^6 R3 i: s$ A% q" C0 p1 X& K) `8 t) u P1 e. U+ m0 V5 R
# The population is entirely replaced by the offspring 0 ~9 g: `: O6 X/ v self.pop = nextoff . w* x# S: @: O2 V! D% P + T% _4 i5 ~" Y! R5 J" X0 a # Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats% D5 s% C( q2 Q. H6 O8 ?2 M
fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop] 8 f6 m1 \6 r# M' E% u% L% E: @* }9 Q2 Q4 w5 e) {7 ~
length = len(self.pop) . S# k0 ^+ [- B mean = sum(fits) / length 9 e% W$ _, w0 J- r( F4 [ sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits). n+ X) L- f; M/ Z& C
std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.56 {1 n3 o7 I( N4 l% c. o. d
best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop) " @8 A' J9 o+ k$ [- K0 Q; @& p) _3 | b: o0 t
if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']: , }% M( q2 T% _8 `8 r. [ self.bestindividual = best_ind9 E9 u6 D+ ?/ i0 G) @. ^4 T
' @2 f# H c+ R print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness']))# u+ g, H9 @4 s! B
print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits))3 o. y) E4 m* z. v. y5 W5 q% K% h; O
print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits)) - M* n7 u- W5 I O. |3 N print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean) . ? v# _) ~ C( Q! t print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std)# t; d4 e8 w& Q
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print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") 0 x& C/ m) F1 L& D4 r
7 d/ ]9 I l% v) r9 _' zif __name__ == "__main__": / F8 s4 u2 v8 X7 U' v2 t ) g t+ Q& P6 w) s0 N CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters6 q- w- f% @7 g
% _, F) W$ A) v& ?; C5 y up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables, L7 y, s4 M/ G" L1 M8 s
low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables # i% `. s4 p1 @ parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]2 _2 ^4 j. H" m' K/ P0 B2 L- b9 ~' k
Z9 T5 ^ ]; R6 g t run = GA(parameter) t6 R0 v/ H R: S& [* h; r
run.GA_main()$ H3 i5 r# R6 C9 q
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675 $ K) G6 J( |' \* l+ F7 B; o% g) y9 Q" z( \8 Y