An Assessment of Earth's Climate Sensitivity Using
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South
Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2Met Offifice Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK, 3Blue Skies Research Ltd,
Settle, UK, 4University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, 5Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of
Leeds, Leeds, UK, 6School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, 7PCMDI‐LLNL, California,
Berkeley, USA, 8Department of Applied Physics and Applied Math, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, 9NASA
Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA, 10Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 11Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of
Southampton, Southampton, UK, 12Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
13Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, unité mixte CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ, Université Paris‐Saclay,
Gif sur Yvette, France, 14Breakthrough Institute, Oakland, CA, USA, 15Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research,
and Centre for Complex Systems Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 16Institute for Atmospheric
and Climate Science, Zurich, Switzerland, 17Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden,
18Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA, 19Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of
Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, 20Max Planck Institute for Meteorology,
Hamburg, Germany
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