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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 3 X, ]# c! w" [$ i' Y5 E/ R
/* display the gray scale */ $ M/ `1 c% z; L/ A5 L
ht = getmaxy() / 16;
4 j! p4 Y( n) I5 kxmax = getmaxx();
, w* Z0 H8 i- \# ]) X) uy = 0; $ @' v) n, p9 u4 |! M
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
: L' t) L" C6 L& Osetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
' e3 O$ s7 w/ z; ebar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); ; v! y( ^3 ?5 e8 Q: U- W; v
y += ht;
 ^9 e+ s- x; k5 X3 J- s/ c2 K6 w} 2 {4 t+ \) a& i7 P4 @! F
/* clean up */ $ z' V2 L( e6 l# ^/ N
getch(); & G1 I3 Q$ r% {( e* I6 M. m
closegraph();
/ e- e7 H1 E. p9 E! Y: |; }0 n5 sreturn 0;
, Q# l! i$ k, L' f3 C} , s" o# g$ i* N# R6 d: N
% ?& ~6 O' l6 f; L F: ?
2 X- x% M+ o5 e7 X7 ^* N2 L; @* H

' }" b* o# U) C函数名: settextjustify 
: F/ t5 e1 J/ S8 _; q功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 . v+ s( O; p- u5 x) j
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); . s& E" j# Z' W
程序例: 
- k5 t! q- C k8 g0 y#include <GRAPHICS.H>4 K9 r' j% q" c
#include <STDLIB.H>
9 J% Q# e) _' ?) B% m, T#include <STDIO.H>
1 z. h. Q# K! Z#include <CONIO.H>/ Z9 L% T* v( q8 H( i/ A1 J/ E
/* function prototype */ ' k$ e3 C+ X V+ M; i8 m+ O
void xat(int x, int y); 
8 b. i5 h4 J8 Z6 D* O5 e- e& j/* horizontal text justification settings */
5 f' C9 s3 [; Ychar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", " }# z! a1 }8 q, |( l% l
"CENTER_TEXT", + L R5 d$ H4 f
"RIGHT_TEXT"
% y3 ?9 o t+ ?! Z( j}; 
# Z5 e8 l* k: |/* vertical text justification settings */
- ^, N- v! Z" g+ I- p$ v# i. i2 ~char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
# G- ^* \: @: u( ]" i4 F7 {& I5 E* L"CENTER_TEXT", * ^: V8 H/ W- k& j) i: t4 W) d
"RIGHT_TEXT"
! t/ }3 C5 a& ~ K0 z5 O}; 
5 W, W5 ^; c* \: A1 K/ D9 @int main(void)
" h& D: { f/ S{ 3 K1 R8 C6 {& f" D
/* request auto detection */ 4 v, p, z& N" r+ R) x
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; * O+ t( k) e/ G' a0 S/ X
int midx, midy, hj, vj; & L/ ^/ P5 _3 _: P9 `# n) ~
char msg[80]; 
. G% n* Z& L/ J4 [7 J2 O: w! W/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . N* i: K( `$ y) b! _& J
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ( O& H: A7 {: L! e; c5 W" P/ n
/* read result of initialization */
4 e5 z% N% ?! C6 `errorcode = graphresult();
& I0 r3 {" ?8 o1 ]$ x' g; iif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 I5 e! b) t0 o0 P. ?3 M( p{
* E& S, ~3 e( R- `printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 7 ?9 A [* G- N; g+ i S# ^% @
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 6 d4 A% }; L5 B, r7 k g
getch();
, K4 c7 A4 l* aexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ , x& W/ B- k# {9 Z- \; P* Z8 T
} ' [; Z# o% u, Y( _# _
midx = getmaxx() / 2; " q1 B% |/ p: J5 l
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
- I$ U! x" G, l" W& f4 E3 R. r# {/* loop through text justifications */ : P5 {; p7 z$ R4 C* l5 G- J& E0 q
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) " i) y0 n* T- A! y( U
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) 4 ~* @- e# P% R" z( ^
{
8 A; Z H Q* v; R. M- mcleardevice();
& {- r) O4 ]/ z1 }% X* O; c/* set the text justification */
' T2 v0 C, w. N, H+ f l5 O6 L* wsettextjustify(hj, vj); ) ~. i Q1 c+ e9 V+ |
/* create a message string */
' y. P' ], I% R6 Bsprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 1 F% D/ }" X: t; {
/* create cross hairs on the screen */
/ I9 W9 ~* f0 e, b) j z2 Nxat(midx, midy); 2 G* G3 @/ y( T6 n$ ]
/* output the message */
; K& W. t% S9 A/ E/ X' vouttextxy(midx, midy, msg);
& j5 B& O; y+ y1 j% igetch();
# a: U4 f% A, |0 l} ; W9 O; _+ i- f2 K& q; j, K
/* clean up */
1 v1 [* r/ u, \9 |1 dclosegraph(); % t+ a1 n2 X. s. _
return 0;
- h; o: Q" X a& x} 
% \3 N! L. y+ }1 d/ v" z/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
8 G% J: O; p" j/ P9 O. i3 d0 ~: Bvoid xat(int x, int y) 4 e2 I, @: G: b/ F6 m6 ?
{ 3 ~; w- k: o! b. S( y
line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
/ }& c5 ~! ^! z4 d" r: xline(x, y-4, x, y+4);
5 t' K9 W J) D$ {} 
, f( u0 C9 {4 m j1 l! C4 r" R7 v @" a: w+ j) g# c
# N' |) G4 a6 }4 q
函数名: settextstyle 7 N" M9 {4 b4 [- T; a
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
# v9 Y4 B0 k- d/ V用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); + H' Q) z% t& o# ]9 O! K% V
程序例: 
. W }# e+ p; _# i' t4 Z7 Y#include <GRAPHICS.H>
4 c. }2 |: m5 v% f4 _; a#include <STDLIB.H>
8 ]% B' Z7 l; s( `8 ^: z) m8 ^7 n1 d#include <STDIO.H>
# N# x6 x& _* Y D#include <CONIO.H>
 X, p6 ^8 e m& V9 P/* the names of the text styles supported */ : J7 T' r7 Y Z0 S6 c
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
/ r/ F, u1 G$ {+ V4 t0 I+ |"TRIPLEX font", ( `- X8 B/ r% o3 ?; H5 ^& u
"SMALL font",
$ K: p" s* F. Z: n"SANS SERIF font",
) F: q: t: T% y/ f( s+ O0 z3 b. i, W"GOTHIC font"
: m) w( \, r8 g1 Q! L. o# l. R}; 6 S$ s% T5 p5 H2 b$ {; w3 t0 O
int main(void) , \6 W) L; N- B& s4 L
{ , S* B: O4 M$ A; g5 @
/* request auto detection */
 I+ `4 ]8 t: R1 O6 q9 `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
( N2 F6 ^ a% e0 E% k, mint style, midx, midy; % R8 I! I8 U) y
int size = 1; A9 L' u8 O) a1 R v& G& B# E
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
0 h. c3 ]3 r4 N# I" L) E3 g" ninitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
$ K( S. a. i. r- s! p8 R. Y4 W/* read result of initialization */ " {: l* {) v% a n/ X
errorcode = graphresult(); " u$ x D' {8 B; M+ R' L
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ! D* P* f% ^; p" L2 ?9 _4 t( Y' M
{
 }6 F/ k+ X" {printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 t( Y% F* d0 |: oprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 B% u# M, U2 Z5 I& B8 a$ k
getch();
5 N% w0 v6 w! s5 q% [3 [0 V; U# {exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! R* l- I4 V8 t6 q1 H} 
3 t" R" `5 }. m' Y% pmidx = getmaxx() / 2; # y8 G0 g4 ^5 y: {
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 c" }8 Y. ?: v
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
+ k" K9 h/ n6 w3 @4 h3 V/* loop through the available text styles */
- a- d, ~& m Q/ Tfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
. `. w/ T. |% H: l9 b& \- U3 o{ , Z: {8 g j/ |* S N3 w- ?% d6 ^; L9 i
cleardevice();
0 B4 W2 }( j C1 v; z3 Aif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
- ?4 P/ `1 ~+ `0 W9 Bsize = 4; 0 u4 v( Q7 I. z8 c: i5 B2 y
/* select the text style */
. e% \' `- z3 i* K- Ssettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
6 {/ Z! t; G" m* s* g$ C$ V: M/* output a message */ , M) [* G' R# \7 `8 q
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
+ G, W8 W5 S3 `* m# R! e( egetch();
3 B- p1 u" u/ y5 Y} 
1 e- }' j& }2 ?- V/* clean up */ ' t: S- a3 x8 ]7 E1 X% r+ ?9 }
closegraph();
1 H$ Q& y$ r$ Qreturn 0; 6 z$ w: p/ J1 a; e0 I4 S- m
} ( o% X/ a+ K. o5 j( U) @! T
$ z: C; M# c3 A, { }2 B3 ?# \

( p1 _, M2 C: q2 B函数名: settextstyle 3 @ G! M$ V$ E/ g' C
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
7 u. @4 h* \- J0 I7 u用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
7 @, }' U: t( ~* y2 D9 N, n程序例: 
3 Q0 q9 `$ m4 D#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' F. S& [) k) ]' J) [7 E4 W#include <STDLIB.H>
: d/ G! s" h8 u#include <STDIO.H>8 c- f! M, S' H* ~. X+ N
#include <CONIO.H>
: [& @" V t$ C6 J. N/* the names of the text styles supported */ * f( [$ z# t* V) ]
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
3 _+ W' J4 V r$ m"TRIPLEX font", 4 R# ^& s; X: C2 I" {' r. K
"SMALL font", * x8 n8 _8 W$ }3 H# F, V
"SANS SERIF font", * Y+ D( O( q. h: l8 ~+ E% \
"GOTHIC font" : P$ H6 h& P. X* k, v
}; 
9 c- @0 _ K8 k4 N) i7 wint main(void)
 }9 s* z5 f. |. Z8 M0 f1 W{
# D' U8 H( i7 e/* request auto detection */ ' S4 D3 r" w. M2 S
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % |- @' D4 @- b/ L
int style, midx, midy;
7 W# y1 `: V% K( |: N6 O8 D% V* Tint size = 1; 
5 \* i1 J3 I* J1 @/* initialize graphics and local variables */ : e; _! G" s7 x' M k
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
( b/ ]) s0 b: n# G9 ~; K" |/* read result of initialization */ / i3 z/ R" `9 _% Q
errorcode = graphresult();
+ l6 G. T& z* ^2 p2 M3 T4 n- J% kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
9 z' N* i5 j! E9 G{
# h/ f( @4 W/ m5 Nprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; f, l% D6 D3 oprintf("Press any key to halt:");
0 \$ E* L9 I" c) Vgetch(); $ A' s- [5 u- R
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 0 r, }/ s/ |" l, U
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 2 Z8 x1 W' C6 e4 s1 `
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
4 _3 |* W6 N( @+ y4 {settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
8 ?3 T0 D2 {2 f# @/* loop through the available text styles */
 W9 w$ M8 u! b0 ^4 W7 F1 {) ffor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) - H q E n, a! y
{
1 W, }) |! i, O9 O- c7 Acleardevice();
/ R0 ^& _9 W0 w7 M4 rif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) " D3 Q! u! C- `; A8 m M6 H
size = 4; 3 a1 K) h2 V0 n! `0 A- e. z; B
/* select the text style */ ; _7 P5 j' Y+ l
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
4 t: l3 ~% K. G/* output a message */
9 Q, i2 j+ [& y" Fouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); : u5 G- m. P; M# a
getch(); / O, c; Y! F! a9 J6 y6 K
} 
2 Z' u* O! Z& _. d" {1 U! |/* clean up */
" N. S9 n( y% ? e* d- y" R4 _closegraph();
 w8 b" m# `5 ireturn 0;
0 z0 E0 h1 ^# ~. k2 A} 
: l9 P* D0 t% i: v' y3 T
2 b4 U4 T# L; N: J
& L0 s+ q) P% o, S4 M3 I3 G5 F函数名: settime 
" P5 ?1 g% @2 Y6 J$ U, K) e功能: 设置系统时间 # Q. {7 w8 B( [; N1 h& D S
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); ) \& r! e. ~$ ]* U3 m0 g
程序例: 2 w" ~ a: G6 k9 ~+ Q2 W5 o9 f4 h
#include <STDIO.H>
# \ l+ o6 E. m9 P# ?#include <DOS.H>
$ |: D, `1 d5 E9 G) A1 iint main(void)
4 m$ p6 |' P7 l' ?) Y/ T6 p{ ; B4 W. r' j, Y3 R: L& k
struct time t; 
 m$ V: W ]# R2 wgettime(&t);
5 _. W x+ ?: Q3 ?3 [printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); 9 j8 J4 G: i+ G& X& V5 N, D$ b1 Q
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
+ K; t$ n% z( Kprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); . R, P% q! k- m: {- Q7 p% |0 r" Q+ B
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
1 o* J( X3 a# L6 E2 S" U8 X+ ~6 L/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
% }6 D5 s j4 j/ n( tt.ti_min++; 3 ^1 F' v3 E- \$ P( j9 P$ j. Q& M
settime(&t); 8 I1 }! j7 L: \; b# N2 j
return 0;
& p# a4 ^9 A4 f0 d} " A: e$ i+ z8 |) ^( S0 j s
1 g0 ]9 }4 e% F2 @
5 p8 e) ~; H, @3 W3 \5 ^* }/ ]
函数名: setusercharsize 
* B/ v4 I& D+ Z/ |5 _' f$ r功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度 1 L# Z9 A3 Q) H( P/ G8 u; s
用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); 4 V& C1 J$ j x- j- @
程序例: 
1 ]# R: t# `8 t#include <GRAPHICS.H>
1 m! _, C8 P' s: u8 U5 X* a# w#include <STDLIB.H>
8 y, r) m; m# R* q#include <STDIO.H>8 R3 J" o4 Q' t2 F6 H1 Q# s
#include <CONIO.H>
6 m) _9 M; J# j1 k- I# ]4 |int main(void)
" t# G) L# o" |, b7 ^) N) W) g{
0 h; c* L# V# F. X- j- |8 e. @/* request autodetection */ # }" i1 m! A* ^* ~0 E
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
& B9 G/ w. E. g5 R2 g2 z3 g. L) H+ v$ c/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ) M5 K) K5 t# v$ ]
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); / M4 ~0 T; u0 Y0 |
/* read result of initialization */
9 P+ O" A3 N- L9 Y2 c( j1 d; Q2 ierrorcode = graphresult();
! {! \3 q) P$ W: W Vif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
" O- n6 R/ @1 q% D3 b* x k& F: [{ 1 l5 F% ?1 K, f
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); " ]6 `5 n. z% b" X
printf("Press any key to halt:");
6 I* i# C+ q5 @getch();
7 z& w3 T6 p# j* {. _exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
+ t9 n$ R6 r9 Q1 E. O4 t} 4 @1 d$ W9 s, j0 _/ ^
/* select a text style */
 _. ]: B7 X2 m, B+ X% ?/ o( Qsettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 4 q* H& e3 d5 o( m3 `5 L' z I
/* move to the text starting position */ 3 q2 }# t1 x6 C" x5 F. k1 t5 ~4 v
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 
2 \+ Z4 t+ \+ t# A/* output some normal text */
" q0 h I2 f- R/ H9 c/ b* routtext("Norm "); 
! u% a6 n+ Q" b F/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ - p z @0 s- A- \
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
) e6 L; i8 D7 K0 b: A9 {outtext("Short "); 
" }! I" g W/ E5 V: ~2 r* k- |7 P/* make the text 3 times normal width */ 7 f+ }, A- T; M0 p
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
( y ~1 W {2 B/ `2 _outtext("Wide"); 
$ L" K. e6 |2 F5 ?9 }; E/* clean up */ 9 d; |3 J) w) M" m7 T5 p
getch(); . H- x3 k/ r3 t7 x8 L! u2 K" G2 A; J
closegraph(); . z2 e$ p4 ^: O9 R0 s( g
return 0;
! G5 w& ^- A0 J+ P} 
6 n6 Q& |. i+ I- ^' S# \ B4 V$ V' ]3 C+ M/ y6 h, z. d
函数名: setvbuf 
( X3 T/ T- z' _: H' f1 `6 ]4 n功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 1 P1 W/ D0 _( b; e. W) B- H; x6 O
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
% C/ O/ z9 d3 y& Z( r8 b+ v程序例: 
/ Z9 s( B$ Y5 A/ `6 L#include <STDIO.H>
! m# i6 t5 k1 F0 C# M( n& s nint main(void) ( G/ F6 q. I. N' q v
{
4 x+ a' t; a2 X0 F7 N0 uFILE *input, *output;
9 S) }- A- |$ \! w$ Ochar bufr[512]; 
8 Z' Y2 A! U$ O; Ainput = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
) x& S: D8 t0 G& houtput = fopen("file.out", "w"); 
 b0 D# M% l. f8 S# b- ]5 g9 P/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, ; H- a/ s2 _- a8 P: N8 c$ R/ `1 A
using our own character buffer */
0 f0 S# b3 c. Vif (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
1 M' {' R6 t+ {! ^# J$ \1 h b4 `& xprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
( g. P4 u- K0 P' m- O+ A2 _ ^. jelse ! r" o5 N( o' t$ v4 e( F% z& B6 i
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
* m) m: T( `2 E# r- R5 E9 y/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that ) k- V# _5 X! y
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ ) _1 y1 k$ b6 }2 X( K% f
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) 7 z! @* v1 Q2 Y" t
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); 4 g7 `( A1 p3 F0 R- [# ]
else 5 ]% W2 m7 M1 h$ K
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 3 }/ Y/ A. F: F" M ~" l7 m1 h
/* perform file I/O here */ . {7 D! l- D0 p+ F6 L6 W
/* close files */
8 r; q" w0 a8 Z. Ofclose(input);
( H$ j% S4 H3 w$ Qfclose(output); 9 v6 F/ O7 m) a* H0 Q2 m; F* r) q
return 0; 6 E2 O6 ]/ e0 Z& t. {" P) ~3 Y$ `
} " N4 |4 ?! t6 g
' n9 n$ v0 v/ b- l- d: g3 j
4 {$ Y. v3 v2 M( w$ t. Q& D2 F
5 ?1 W* K0 h7 x7 {9 ?7 k. ]( b
函数名: setvect 
# c2 r. X, z3 w2 Y N0 @功能: 设置中断矢量入口
6 X: [. @. r1 R f用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
% n, t) o- ]2 \" P2 G$ {程序例: 
 d2 x- Q" \2 U/***NOTE:
0 u# \2 |) `" f6 t! A& mThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this
& {8 [( Z6 F7 Nprogram with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
# K: v1 p1 E) Hfile which will operate correctly. */ " C" \# K1 Y( o
#include <STDIO.H>
3 F- F/ W5 \' h) d#include <DOS.H>
" Z* h6 E" c3 o6 p3 k6 O8 r#include <CONIO.H># d# y# Q: C3 L4 H
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
; L0 k& h3 Y) P- Avoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); ' X# G! S+ U; O; x( \1 j( K* F
int count=0; 
5 a1 s# f; N. l& e, H4 Xvoid interrupt handler(void) 8 E' v, Y5 ]# K. \' h: l; K0 f/ F+ a
{ ; B8 o- X5 Q* b; \
/* increase the global counter */
' q& d# S& E% u6 e- Tcount++; 
# ?9 b8 v1 x2 J; ~) S) u( d/* call the old routine */
8 M4 Q: ]) j" b7 w- D9 Toldhandler();
, H+ X' V. l3 U2 J5 b} 
0 F4 i" _! Q; E' R7 \int main(void) # t, ^7 W: y7 S+ a
{
9 d F. i* e( k; W) z$ Z3 y/* save the old interrupt vector */ 5 t2 u D" G& I2 M/ T: K
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 
" I: C% [ s t9 {0 y/* install the new interrupt handler */
( A) d! Y6 ~+ Q3 X) csetvect(INTR, handler); 
6 j+ b; Z5 k& ]1 z8 T- [) X4 V, g% w/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
6 U* H) w2 P) h3 I5 y$ kwhile (count < 20)
% o- `5 `2 W/ W7 G& Fprintf("count is %d\n",count); 5 E9 H- C$ l Y' U- j
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
0 ?- o. v( J8 Vsetvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
8 N& G% m& g+ }% K, A0 Ereturn 0;
/ A5 [7 |( M! u' G1 x}
- D' \8 C/ L' R% P) x
; V, {, i& r. e7 x9 ], I) t
函数名: setverify : T8 \1 c- o: o/ T, @7 a" V/ T
功能: 设置验证状态
- A! T( m2 I1 y5 y2 X用法: void setverify(int value);
7 Z0 c& D+ A, W7 @: l8 }+ D" h程序例: 
4 A1 p* \' i* e3 X% V8 E% W; m#include <STDIO.H>
) {+ K3 D/ n: @- m/ h+ z: ?$ C#include <CONIO.H>) o- `1 [0 n: k" a
#include <DOS.H>& _- h5 V2 g6 ~1 F G2 ^ d9 }
int main(void)
8 p% K; H* M* T{
9 x8 | c7 @0 X+ ~7 C4 mint verify_flag; 
) i1 [ a# g- Z* B4 {7 Bprintf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); + I6 }* `* x9 s% L! }
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
) ?! S7 k+ z! S% T5 Sverify_flag = getch() - 0; 
setverify(verify_flag); 
+ _+ w+ Y) V+ j4 H- X4 ]if (getverify())
+ J9 j6 |3 v) G: {' i+ ?% Uprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); * F' ^ m8 R1 Q7 ^, H
else ( N+ R6 j( d0 v/ F. a5 ~! f. V
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
( v0 K! r2 j; n ireturn 0;
0 r+ Z8 Y, X |* N- b; c}
( z# @5 J2 H e b2 E( [( X! ~. Q( s" o# Y

" V, z3 [( V$ c: Q: n函数名: setviewport 4 y3 ]9 U! h3 |' }! M. L
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 ; Y( I N- P$ A! ?
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
6 a% x$ x: [- p9 Wint bottom, int clipflag);
- q9 d% f3 @- D9 u4 ^程序例: : H' J9 h1 @( Y
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
; T; s6 y) P) e+ ~#include <STDLIB.H>
) ?9 Y3 g. p0 S1 s4 f#include <STDIO.H>
* P* A: [7 L6 y7 A. I#include <CONIO.H>3 S' S- j5 k5 `& d! y0 |
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ : b: Q! l( j( g! ^- \( u; w
int main(void)
5 a+ [! F2 H5 [2 p/ f$ S{ ) ]7 }2 J9 P' S! H& }! j8 u
/* request auto detection */ : h# B j- V8 t$ ?0 g
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
! _6 c6 n0 P( M! X5 v" {/* initialize graphics and local variables */
7 {8 r6 Z6 y5 m: ]6 W( X) \% o$ Oinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
2 W! d. Q1 \! s: R; m: }& Q/* read result of initialization */
0 U- j( D* t9 S3 S; verrorcode = graphresult();
2 p# E7 K: K# sif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 4 H4 V/ M: ~& D/ Y, H9 Y G% _
{ 7 v1 d- i% { }; `: r. {: {' g
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % n7 I2 J1 t; w1 z/ o
printf("Press any key to halt:"); & o. H4 c4 `( c5 d M) R
getch(); - u' b" l0 `* n9 `# h
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ h# s' \4 h( ^' b0 j
} 4 ~; V6 s0 d g8 V" s! g2 M
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
 H0 [( N9 @* O( m: L# d/* message in default full-screen viewport */ ) L' ^9 {8 x$ [1 ~" Z
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
$ W! V) a+ s- ~, u/* create a smaller viewport */ % `7 C" V6 y- g4 Q" X. _* W* e
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
3 l) p8 D2 G1 [/* display some text */
& h, @( i$ S3 C6 o5 d7 Kouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); . ?9 {& v$ w+ E) b
/* clean up */
% q+ ?- L" `6 igetch(); & Y/ j' q8 I3 m6 f6 L4 K$ J. J
closegraph(); * Y% b7 c& H% W1 n
return 0; % o% t. c7 e, D, i9 E
}
& Z# j( {( d# C6 V' n' T8 c5 W. M
2 O/ j8 U3 i, g7 m8 \( K+ t
( A; f8 }) y8 g& b7 a函数名: setvisualpage 8 w a% ^7 T( n8 ?. C) q
功能: 设置可见图形页号 2 B; b" G$ o8 x2 C
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
8 W s! b5 ~1 k: r程序例: 0 l8 [; Z' [6 g+ o8 Z
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
4 W K& `8 j* ]% E#include <STDLIB.H>" O) a$ ?5 D+ ~: X; ]2 w
#include <STDIO.H>; j) I) L3 a) f3 j/ e! R
#include <CONIO.H>- v% `' a ?7 c y8 }3 f8 G& k2 x
int main(void)
0 a, y8 E7 Y; Z{ . m; ~# t/ x: ^- A) b2 F9 q- S
/* select a driver and mode that supports */ ! y) d( K' k1 Y2 ^
/* multiple pages. */
; T4 C$ J' s* ^& `4 h- g2 zint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; 0 ?& Z4 d$ l' ^- s& |3 \
int x, y, ht; & e" t% M+ ~' L! P
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ % C8 L% e" ^/ g- r% q
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
2 N& b1 q1 r L5 U F# m/* read result of initialization */ 0 C& _8 w& ]0 V a0 j3 T8 u8 l+ v
errorcode = graphresult(); , |1 p% |1 c' C9 f$ F/ N! g
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ( v X" e% N; ~; A8 ~; F
{
 z/ |0 \+ \0 C$ {! Kprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
$ T" @+ \3 B# z/ e( U Uprintf("Press any key to halt:");
6 r1 Y* c2 G; M( [getch(); }8 @$ ~7 S5 F0 x Z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
, V+ D9 r! x0 R2 V2 C} 0 _& m2 G2 G Z9 t, \2 X( B
x = getmaxx() / 2;
# U- J* m/ U7 O9 b g6 s/ Oy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 k j$ E" I+ C6 v5 M; w
ht = textheight("W"); 
& Y2 H9 e! O2 W3 f o1 f' B4 S/* select the off screen page for drawing */
: U0 x1 C7 u1 q# |! j6 h- r gsetactivepage(1); 
: K s8 i4 @+ C6 R/* draw a line on page #1 */ 0 j2 {! a$ S H& L( Q$ V
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); / G5 q6 s" N( M6 ]8 Z
/* output a message on page #1 */
. i- W& L! M& O1 ]settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 7 q6 r8 `+ f) L
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:"); $ p6 L8 `2 n& G; f! q
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); ) w' w7 D1 Q2 ]" v
/* select drawing to page #0 */ . N Q$ X4 t: S! x' I
setactivepage(0); 
3 F8 a+ h1 s: F1 Q/* output a message on page #0 */ $ s* ?7 J& {: m8 C1 C, N7 `
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); ! d4 k. M, o! J$ Z
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); + J8 t9 ?* {' T- F: [2 d% I/ M& ^
getch(); ( n5 d% y7 w7 |
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
! {1 ]/ L- g8 ^$ N5 y( Asetvisualpage(1); 2 k0 M+ W" J4 i+ D0 b
/* clean up */ ' h }8 j) n% G5 t
getch(); 0 }$ v+ b. P; P: Y8 p' i2 B
closegraph(); * X+ U" K1 ~" x! B1 \
return 0; - P& e) W: C# V A' L" M- Z
} / ~6 ?' V- Y/ H

 E9 a& l; U5 ^8 V; { V2 m p$ x( Z2 t q y3 R# z
函数名: setwritemode 
5 Y: ~4 S% x8 N; I7 q7 a功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 4 \2 k% H2 J: w6 q( s8 Z
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
7 a/ I+ ~$ g" T ~" r5 ]程序例: " w! N, _5 t- Z1 E
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
1 ^" t+ a# R6 X#include <STDLIB.H>
; V' E, X* L. e& ]' j#include <STDIO.H>& F3 J5 P, n' s8 `8 N
#include <CONIO.H>
. V( y4 k( D' V) u+ @int main()
$ C/ `- ^5 S( H7 Y4 F% `& ^' z{ 1 o- Y" E) _* P$ S0 R
/* request auto detection */
* J+ z' m3 W4 ?7 C$ v+ V8 `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; " |& r2 I5 Q2 H
int xmax, ymax; 0 b- d( H' k2 G7 F, z5 a
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . t/ l5 v/ @# b
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
% l/ `7 c7 ]3 E/* read result of initialization */
: w5 a1 _- W1 a2 lerrorcode = graphresult(); 5 g) i" e. a' n
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
, _) m4 P( c5 W8 L{ . I( G8 ^) D- i# p( Q- F: ?
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
9 Z& s; @( p( zprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ' K: [0 V9 ]" ]- n- g. ~% X& N) a
getch(); / O6 r$ i! {- {" ~
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ , L6 r8 \/ T' j) Q) w1 \
} ; s c% A S" y1 {. d
xmax = getmaxx(); 0 d: h! t1 Y$ l' I1 s0 i/ w
ymax = getmaxy(); 
* O& _* t3 ~5 T/* select XOR drawing mode */
9 [. { b' d$ ` }0 n# y5 z* Jsetwritemode(XOR_PUT); $ C7 \" x( t' j0 t1 `+ k
/* draw a line */
1 q. a0 ~& z# E$ b- G8 Qline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 1 q* P3 f' I7 H" M# {; o! a
getch(); 3 o0 R# ?/ i& {6 Z8 c5 I% c
/* erase the line by drawing over it */
' P4 f# m; [# t3 x0 nline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
3 U" t" z7 U- e* E ggetch(); % ^6 v3 ]- }3 O0 R3 w5 Y
/* select overwrite drawing mode */
" |( L) K- @) x8 F6 isetwritemode(COPY_PUT); 4 @7 |, s, {6 a) Y2 C3 `$ R: K5 ~
/* draw a line */ # k! [' v8 ^+ e
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 3 O% u1 U: @; b" U/ O
/* clean up */
- \4 e: L0 x* u0 w- Z+ \getch(); / g/ f0 G8 `* o- u: w' |0 o
closegraph(); - \! C% b% ]7 N0 t- `5 z+ A5 U8 U
return 0; $ ?4 c3 K M# ?$ Z3 |1 t
} ( _! b/ ~4 o3 `/ M: Z9 P
( _3 t, J, E. w t. z
" g- q7 z5 p1 N: @/ L
函数名: signal
/ F6 Z- Y$ Y1 Y9 u! x2 b4 K功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
2 q- V4 k: @8 R7 ^, F用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
& k0 \' F; P$ l$ l3 r8 S程序例: & K+ l3 n& G( T
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
$ w' c. q; L$ W. acatches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
# b0 n; _' T9 sto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
- x9 s% L9 ^$ s$ t$ H) A+ h. Q" Ryour computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
2 K7 x( F1 V, v! M/ ndepending on which memory model is used. 4 u+ B5 e; k; Z5 ?# d9 ]' f# C
*/ , \; K" @- C& D0 f Z& P
#pragma inline / { ?( r7 Y& t+ a
#include <STDIO.H>
+ \& U, L5 j( D! Y! x8 l#include <SIGNAL.H>; q1 o+ @# L0 L. N
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
8 \/ [% `- ?( V& e{ 0 r2 U+ f5 {4 a4 q
printf("Caught it!\n");
: y. k+ a6 M$ t- v*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
' [) p' W: N8 `. T& m% u% V} " ?0 J9 K! R- T) F# F
int main(void) $ ]' A( m/ W0 [; q' N2 M9 a1 @$ S
{ 7 @# b: D4 T D" O9 q
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); 9 V4 u9 ]/ X' I! _/ q
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ ( M; ^: J4 \: |
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
6 f) B, M0 [! _asm into /* activate handler */ # \8 N7 {# G; j6 S/ }. p9 p# o
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
* E. }# Q: n7 T5 athere would have been another exception when the next 'into'
3 Z ^' ~; K: X/ I- l5 M& K+ Y' f0 iwas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ 2 m, N! x4 C' |1 b8 ^
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
+ ?! N; F/ C$ Zasm into /* doesn't activate */ 0 {* p0 w, s/ a3 O4 @ y1 [
return 0; $ x5 q( }6 [# Y# n" Q! ?9 H' A
}
3 x0 _8 P- G0 ?: w% W' l G+ n3 Y/ _+ @! H$ B! l! N" B" q5 v
& o2 p: k9 u# Y
1 G$ I" d. B) J' P8 U' ]
函数名: sin 1 G' I% I" r1 d
功能: 正弦函数
4 x$ B! l" e! a) {' P& d/ c6 \( k用法: double sin(double x);
4 i7 |7 l. \3 J程序例: / S$ ]% z) E- O' f- c @( S
#include <STDIO.H>: Q k! C, p7 c+ r2 f
#include <MATH.H>
5 m, a0 R8 Q6 }8 _4 W# wint main(void)
{ 0 L% j) m8 v- V2 @* p' X: P
double result, x = 0.5; 4 z' }* |1 C6 M0 _" E" [- R( {2 C6 R) W
result = sin(x);
4 }; Z5 t4 ]. Y% h: gprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); / _* P5 B' j8 {
return 0;
# E! i. x, h! u9 Y9 L} * s2 a* e/ \; x% b- ^
" l) ]9 h: l6 D6 p, f

6 I# b9 _- ]. [函数名: sinh 
) g# X' n* h/ T' E功能: 双曲正弦函数
7 v! r- B" G' ~用法: double sinh(double x); " u7 }7 o) _, {8 i+ q2 A) g
程序例: 
% R; R0 M* s( G1 U% z" h#include <STDIO.H>
8 ^6 @2 ^9 c" U$ g/ X! S#include <MATH.H>
8 {. f6 T- y* q/ d \* _# `int main(void) : \" F! N8 Y# p0 a" K
{ " f+ k) S4 E j9 z
double result, x = 0.5; 
5 S: W" R& t. \" l( X2 J F! nresult = sinh(x); 7 l7 l Z6 t: b& E" p
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
( T: q' i" x# }return 0; % _& g. {) d0 q/ j5 T0 W1 j1 a( g
} : y8 E' c! }; @9 ~) ?6 H* w; O+ f% S) p( v
# Y% Q. ]. F2 q# b T6 V$ z% u9 m0 ^
7 `2 s6 F0 G5 Z5 i8 e7 |

7 U" L0 m& G2 s1 m! `5 L& ]0 }函数名: sleep 8 Z0 t9 J2 F& [6 z7 j; i
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 ?+ @8 o: t8 O
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); + [& S- e$ f% W& Z4 b
程序例: : d* r' C; s$ }6 o
#include <DOS.H>
- g. \( g! Q, L' H P3 C#include <STDIO.H>! T& O% t$ C! N1 L# C
int main(void)
1 w2 ^, A7 G, w; q+ e, p{ 0 p) A P) E1 ~1 W8 @* |; v0 o
int i; ; L" y; X2 J# M
for (i=1; i<5; i++) " m5 Q0 Y& Z, Q
{
: {0 i1 R' l! V$ g+ Uprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); 6 e$ y0 z+ e' |+ Z; A6 m; u
sleep(i); + S' J8 ]" d+ U R) R
} 0 F z) s( s: H0 _
return 0;
3 d0 V% a$ b0 U I} ' P* g0 {' F6 P

% R0 ~3 z% |, g9 M% v4 l& h
) _2 n- W) M0 _- r0 D% M8 t6 p+ Y* a( e3 ]
函数名: sopen 
. y2 e% o" x( |% K/ [# B功能: 打开一共享文件
) n/ \6 s# E9 y0 M用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); 5 v. I% Y2 a X% V: M0 U
程序例: 
8 u; ]. R5 d( _! j! |( _6 a#include <IO.H>) r' m2 j& i$ L! A- m) f- |; ?
#include <FCNTL.H>6 h' i& g: m: X' |/ \
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
8 R( z. L- p0 C6 k# f#include <PROCESS.H>
6 e. `( A& H" l+ J( Y, [& d#include <SHARE.H>
' U; k. o4 Q5 Y#include <STDIO.H>' m( y3 I) f4 U: m
int main(void)
/ j9 c/ i+ g& m" T{
2 u; m0 `* r% x. i! ^int handle; % _, ^) l$ {! [% ]# L& j1 Z
int status; 0 [: e( \ x9 F k
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); ; z5 `* `. K# x0 i" V4 ~" ] F+ b
if (!handle) + R ~/ x+ w9 E# O2 a. {
{ 2 c/ k; ^3 h# g
printf("sopen failed\n"); , R3 m7 ]% E5 }& C3 _
exit(1); 6 c9 ?# L7 z, I" g1 R% h( E k3 I
} 
& A ]2 }$ o$ P! T4 q; a( Rstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
, q+ Q0 A5 U P* Lif (status == 0)
! ?- k3 T! _0 S* }$ pprintf("read/write access allowed\n");
+ N, d v+ e2 telse
, w( G# y! D" M* R8 B; _/ a& iprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
 N l$ }( @% eclose(handle); . `* N9 ~# l( V7 a, ~& k8 [
return 0;
- ?9 ?3 n5 s! K9 E6 W* I} 3 h% q, D* l$ U4 I; h

$ [* }3 x. W# c; S! \- f4 ]9 E1 e) f G' ~4 i0 h) H d# m F

7 [! l0 w+ y- p7 G% g函数名: sound 
# b( S' G% a! Q/ U7 F功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 % \' c( x) O2 G9 F0 W/ R
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency); & F- l0 l1 Y& O9 S
程序例: 2 a( e- B) f, [
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
' v4 _7 h4 e. E/ E" dYour PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
9 }% g9 Z1 y- I! _1 p5 Y: Y7 \#include <DOS.H>
9 @8 f' `8 X1 X ^int main(void)
 N! J% @% b+ @- I1 s, C{ 3 X# s: F: F. N/ w5 @% A/ r! E
sound(7); & {7 ]4 x- m5 j; k2 h
delay(10000);
7 D" O* d% T$ Q- W2 j; _( B Dnosound(); . j, z Q& \6 f' W+ N( E
return 0; 8 c9 \! P% d/ _& O, |2 n
} 
( U% n1 E9 A4 @( s, d' G1 Y4 N$ z6 t2 G- \
3 n' Z* O& H( m% D; S' e

3 E" n2 V* e' {+ V+ d函数名: spawnl 3 ~. e, f0 ^! s2 S( R
功能: 创建并运行子程序
6 ?7 w/ \! m1 ?6 O; a5 J! {用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
; G c! X% t* S! H6 p8 ?arg1, ... argn, NULL);
6 G5 S8 C+ Y' b( a程序例: 
+ g5 J, a) g) `' R. L' H/ z#include <PROCESS.H>
, i" F) q" `5 s t, v1 K. ^ J#include <STDIO.H>
1 d( s8 L8 W: C2 c#include <CONIO.H>
4 C+ I# ~( G5 |' H" @& a! |9 H5 ~int main(void) - p5 }( v# o, I9 \: V
{
& _6 V( I6 k* Eint result; 
3 j) o* I8 x: }( B( Jclrscr();
9 J: U+ E6 \% ?, i4 f% l5 Vresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL);
/ U. q5 s- G9 K+ Yif (result == -1)
% p8 E) `) ~' P3 r, t9 a; K{
/ M( J, N* A7 C4 o3 C( J% j& g$ p: bperror("Error from spawnl");
; \; k) @ A6 W: ^) c, Zexit(1); ! `! Q7 Q: c$ Y3 d
} $ [0 ?8 m& }1 G0 l V9 Q
return 0;
8 e* v1 n8 _' a} 0 Y/ N1 w. \& T1 G: ^
7 X j: Y7 [% i q( C

7 Q& t+ n# ^7 c! k4 `函数名: spawnle ! Q0 T/ E, W# m/ Y9 g7 A" q
功能: 创建并运行子程序 : M6 V4 |! P2 \4 R* y5 _
用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
. [( q. c) u9 ]: Narg1,..., argn, NULL); ; t. F+ g5 g' i# p* K* }. O
程序例: 
+ t& t5 N% i4 O$ a3 h i; I/* spawnle() example */ , D7 t5 ?3 E" ~- v' f# r
#include <PROCESS.H>1 c/ Z0 ?' F+ V! F
#include <STDIO.H>- ^' z$ j& x" x
#include <CONIO.H>
9 {5 [& x6 z" Y/ M* P7 A9 iint main(void)
8 V: a% B( e7 s* a: g: @. i{ 1 \' ~) W0 b" P6 z. W7 D6 H
int result; 
* y, A g8 T3 {- {4 h+ tclrscr(); + V8 i' M% G1 t7 O/ C! @
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); 0 Q# F$ Z( S, ~- N6 ?" N% t
if (result == -1)
6 h( ~0 E' n# T% |; r: m1 t% j{
9 `0 l4 p( {% S0 Iperror("Error from spawnle"); ; P4 I" A+ d) i3 ~ b
exit(1);
7 _6 j. ~& E1 Q& l) H5 n: u0 p- t} 9 C5 i# d% R( f4 H1 E
return 0; . I {: O" M: c: G8 c) ` x% v
} 7 c7 m+ H o& ]# l' b0 Y/ M

! B6 D0 ]+ N: v T* H; t- L2 E0 d% `# I

8 i+ k3 V$ q7 l. X7 H: Q: _函数名: sprintf 7 h0 {# p) e h( {
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 0 ?& v2 ^& ?8 i% y( g8 h" c
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); + \; { X2 U1 I' N6 w
程序例: 2 I& `$ ]* U0 I8 l) q
#include <STDIO.H>7 K( `, S2 J, E! a" k9 d0 d
#include <MATH.H> ~5 J: U8 c: l* v: t
int main(void)
( M! D/ K: V( q& R* O `{ 6 w" E6 T1 m1 Z
char buffer[80]; P+ _+ Z% E( k# N, D/ H5 p: I
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
) m3 E8 ?% W# q0 i1 R9 H" _puts(buffer); , K- J; S2 K% i* }' p
return 0;
! V0 X; k5 s9 m/ N K}
 Q% k3 E! U# D
0 m: O& P- R4 |, G" o; Z' L9 D+ m, }6 l5 k
函数名: sqrt 
& V/ G9 d, y5 w( E. Z功能: 计算平方根 ' `4 R- Y5 J% F- L0 p& d, f
用法: double sqrt(double x); : {# c( a7 Z& Q( M- r6 {+ C- P& H
程序例: ; C. |! ^' o4 E( l1 V. t
#include <MATH.H>2 S& z$ C- t% h! x
#include <STDIO.H>
% C3 u3 K! j7 w/ |) M3 r6 n [int main(void) * o5 ]/ v4 w) H1 p8 h
{
! L n7 U- K( Adouble x = 4.0, result; 0 N6 {3 F( \+ X# N5 T7 _0 h/ a0 W
result = sqrt(x);
/ E- W! Q) w1 {7 M. z" i2 Fprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 2 w. F' J- N+ d( R) G
return 0; $ H& Q6 d5 g& I. W; R
} 4 {) g1 z W' k9 n: Q4 a; E

9 d" ~3 C5 @9 b函数名: srand 1 J, Z8 h, l1 ^ l, h' R
功能: 初始化随机数发生器
* n' ]' @0 c- m: g+ ?9 D! A用法: void srand(unsigned seed); , |! w. g) m3 l/ o# X8 G& H @
程序例: ( z: q+ R2 a8 A; c
#include <STDLIB.H>( T- K4 I) v# m
#include <STDIO.H>& r% R! m: n: N6 G* `
#include <TIME.H>$ g5 Y3 |7 C2 p
int main(void) 4 Y+ N& Q* o' C- L, _$ X
{
 g& T2 m0 O& {$ a+ O" ^" Dint i;
9 m* z( x9 ~5 n# Etime_t t; 
3 [" I) a w8 \$ Wsrand((unsigned) time(&t));
8 z4 r% x9 @: f! gprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
6 r- a# s3 p& @' P& C. J6 _for(i=0; i<10; i++) 9 u: T( z, q: v" k/ J w" v
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); ( {3 h& {" o X& t* w5 }
return 0;
# G- ~! \% n0 |' H3 S: b} , y8 W4 u) k' o& G
& }* q" v# @$ y+ E# R
" t+ j. Q8 [# y+ a
函数名: sscanf ' J& {) o$ K+ C
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
6 J& @% D8 S4 k* b用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); 7 y% x4 g& x6 ]1 R
程序例: 
5 a. H/ K8 B8 C#include <STDIO.H>" q* p5 q+ _6 N3 g; n
#include <CONIO.H>( X- ?" [, P+ l8 Z% D0 A0 i b
int main(void)
# D* x( Q7 X; B/ y+ G! L{
" ]' _0 v7 ?2 E9 \) h2 H; [* kchar label[20]; ( n6 X% y7 S: @7 s2 d* M# B
char name[20]; . ^+ P' D( l9 [( V" [
int entries = 0;
) Q' _! r$ n% ]6 l( T2 Qint loop, age; ; T! g& a. Q; X, i" P
double salary; 0 v) q/ ^. u7 D4 o( h8 ~
struct Entry_struct ( o F( h% M, z2 X) b" z4 `. k" x, g
{
4 x5 Y# q8 m9 \! pchar name[20]; * \9 g' Y" {% K2 m& S' g3 I. T
int age; ( v6 _9 z2 T& r) V5 j( b2 G/ v; t
float salary;
, ]0 r7 c* @" n' V* j: A( D} entry[20]; ! b' q- M# f1 ^ Y7 K, Q: ~
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
( D% Q e/ e$ _ x/ C( \7 aprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); + l; R1 y G0 P7 [$ I% p- e+ M
scanf("%20s", label); 4 u* P i# I$ U# G1 l! L9 u2 _/ K
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ; A5 V. e% Z0 @3 \8 |6 y
/* Input number of entries as an integer */
" |% i6 m4 h9 y0 wprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
7 y# b5 ]/ d: I) E1 o7 tscanf("%d", &entries); 9 ^, w6 Z) O- Z- }: J6 \3 y
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
* Z' R: o# k d5 N9 e$ l/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ 8 z' n/ ^/ s+ F, `( i
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) ) D" t, t; o3 j- B' X! g
{
0 v" ?- y( Y3 t* }% m* Pprintf("Entry %d\n", loop);
" O" u9 X, E4 ~8 F) uprintf(" Name : ");
& b. w: L4 ?/ T1 Fscanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
% X7 }: Y4 B3 h X+ v3 @+ W4 a5 Pfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
" j1 L$ g7 [8 w' F/* input an age as an integer */ 8 P( X6 P$ \9 O: e1 T( j+ V& p* c
printf(" Age : "); _/ A* f( y5 u0 H
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); ' ` N' M& o9 o2 u3 w4 X( J
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
/ c% i: V9 o7 u# c5 b/* input a salary as a float */ 8 |9 `+ _! V. }+ E2 P" T
printf(" Salary : "); 8 L i% B- ^) Q# ^$ @2 l, B$ z
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); & C& V7 z/ g% q" F/ U7 \
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ; {4 s# Q1 C9 m8 L$ n! {
} - l/ |7 x W$ ]
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ # }8 j0 X% E6 ^! f4 M+ `
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
, K, ]1 D1 A6 [; I$ u; k0 A2 i8 @" Lscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
! |9 m. P6 t3 I# {0 Y9 A: W8 _4 d/ V7 d' j4 y3 F% g
/* Print out the data that was input */ # s! `- \+ _8 K1 l
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
/ S; A; B4 O2 I, Rprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
, y) {5 J. O6 Aprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 9 B' H+ ~9 e/ T9 c: q
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) 0 G) A+ _& Z7 ]6 c0 f, K& c
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
% K$ q) |6 r0 J& R) a8 iloop + 1,
" _4 T0 v- W4 t, s- Bentry[loop].name,
& K2 f( S1 }8 B) F! p* Bentry[loop].age,
, M3 ^* z& j3 B* W7 a* Zentry[loop].salary); 7 h. R- j9 K4 `3 u
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
# S; k; b; y u' O0 Z' t$ |return 0; , D" a; t! e0 W$ j' E: G8 K: u! H
} ( f" U3 O6 h1 N; R( W; S+ Z
, ~" o O: L0 A% W2 L
6 J6 C. {5 j' d% `% @# K8 E& X M
函数名: stat 
, k& r, ~! \; E6 R功能: 读取打开文件信息
; a8 ~3 P8 r# ]用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
5 ?2 G, z9 J3 G A7 Y" J7 T' t程序例: 
, V' q" T( E# F4 A/ F#include <SYS\STAT.H>3 E5 C% E' u: _+ c# o5 O) @: g& Q) U
#include <STDIO.H>
& w% e) t% G- D8 t; u! {#include <TIME.H>
 p$ K; ], l0 y+ |+ P2 I#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" ! `) \" s @) M: }8 a
int main(void) 7 Y; a& [" c0 c+ _
{ 0 G1 l/ Z: b7 s0 d4 E% o/ c1 J# Y! G
struct stat statbuf;
6 h* {' d7 A" U0 H* v! FFILE *stream; 
5 [2 T: k6 C$ G. I, ~1 Y/* open a file for update */
6 h& a: O D* }# u7 `/ l# Kif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) . W) r3 m7 A5 b: E) I6 \6 M
{
( ?1 ]: s2 l! K q$ b, Qfprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
& D/ h) V5 I1 @return(1); 0 K2 x8 t- m. g/ W0 a
} 
6 T0 X6 p. m/ B# o/* get information about the file */ , Y' j3 N9 k6 x. Q
stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 3 r' _* ~& S1 F: N% ^5 d
fclose(stream); $ w k8 m4 E# O2 B: i a' s7 |' Q
/* display the information returned */ 1 ~1 K v% ^+ Y
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) 1 y1 H# N9 R; B! S
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); 4 B0 o7 B3 u& \7 h, d' a ~5 C
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG) ' P' O' J3 V6 I9 V) |; `
printf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); 3 T1 i7 c7 o& T
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) 0 j* R: l# c: n5 X' }$ J" |$ X* C" u' c
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
1 T$ j; Q2 f9 L9 {4 s5 \if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
$ u& u, H7 } |% [3 i4 Bprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 3 b( T1 k6 c' T U# p4 t' K
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
6 h& e" o7 c4 H0 [* j) B8 Sprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
4 H: }# |5 F' Iprintf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
- v. C6 s4 G( S( Nreturn 0;
6 B" e/ R3 p N1 }0 d} + ^+ O+ |4 C7 q Y! X
" v4 M+ x3 A1 T; p
* a5 b8 n, Q: [9 o

7 `/ [/ q7 S- c/ l$ ]$ a$ d函数名: _status87 
/ X6 D8 ^9 ?! p* Z8 ?- x% N& n功能: 取浮点状态
# q; [2 T% K& r }( G用法: unsigned int _status87(void); - k _7 ?# O3 E
程序例: 
; D) [, G( X( ]* q2 |9 \#include <STDIO.H>: ]9 I) K( r7 }' X
#include <FLOAT.H>% w* B! V5 R' E5 y/ F
int main(void)
8 X, _8 y4 X; t3 t4 B8 B{ 1 o2 b+ |' J3 [ _2 }* h
float x; ( C; I `$ K ~& }0 f7 j: U
double y = 1.5e-100; 
+ F P" u C. ^$ Vprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); - I# S) `- t: ^, a# i' ^
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
# ]8 l6 t2 U9 r( V; a) U1 E9 [y = x; - m r% B# O2 ?
printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); 6 h! s5 f& q4 N& R
return 0;
4 g* ~: }' Z" M} - V- S% Q9 R3 }3 N5 n6 Y( ^

: D W+ g' O7 G7 T! i7 S# y& y: w. \, s' S8 P- j
函数名: stime % y, }% D' z2 B+ g' g$ a
功能: 设置时间
% A6 |3 q& {/ T7 V6 Z用法: int stime(long *tp);
; @8 }/ @# V3 ~7 f* w- B( S程序例: - O5 A' D' p: d; z. O% |
#include <STDIO.H>
, R3 b6 @- {' ?" R; w' y; R( N7 J: x#include <TIME.H>( i% D5 s \- _( i
#include <DOS.H>& ~+ b' k* k0 T1 I
int main(void) ( |8 m' U8 U2 c2 E
{
. v) r, J3 d5 C+ R4 utime_t t;
" j. L9 n. W( h/ wstruct tm *area; 4 v6 ^0 j- J2 Y$ [' M
t = time(NULL);
% C2 D! e$ z+ _: L$ D5 uarea = localtime(&t);
9 i8 a$ b; T7 @9 A: zprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
6 r# }+ `. N; S( Uprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
9 l, N+ @' ^' h4 p4 r* ^4 _t++; / y5 f/ B+ s! w# G
area = localtime(&t); 1 c# }* j7 {* E; R# x+ p' A5 ]
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); $ |' S4 A- @5 W5 x
t += 60; 9 M1 A# F7 l! S9 ?! t; E" t
area = localtime(&t);
/ w1 Y9 C" Z" z: {2 Q8 u aprintf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
7 N* g* F# I' Nt += 3600;
1 {5 Y* Y P- z7 P! u; j2 Warea = localtime(&t);
" N$ M3 g( Z9 T) f4 bprintf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
% j; I9 ?9 J, b5 q0 mt += 86400L; 6 f# o" A) L( p3 g L
area = localtime(&t); 5 U' E; i- n3 q6 X+ i% _
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 4 Q* E. i* b9 @* k5 B
t += 2592000L;
/ U E9 n' ]; [) o6 B: {8 y+ xarea = localtime(&t); ) b1 _ E3 Z$ O' ~6 c! Z7 W9 f: Q
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
8 P6 v% q3 g1 zt += 31536000L;
8 d2 t+ M% a5 A2 yarea = localtime(&t); ; |4 z5 o B/ l) x
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); ( ?+ o/ q: [6 @, g- m7 E. S
return 0;
) g) J! u4 |6 \; a# V} 
3 E+ M5 d% K& H) z
- l) B5 H( q% X( b9 ?: E
4 w2 b4 c3 }6 [4 B8 p! _% q* {* k
- R# ~% L$ n5 I1 o2 r9 t8 N. o3 q函数名: stpcpy 
7 h% r, L# g k, |& l功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 6 ~7 J9 d! G, Q3 M. l! q! m& p
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
; l5 P# R0 }2 A程序例: 
/ {& o/ o0 D- r#include <STDIO.H>
9 S9 o6 |' q. U8 J# e% v& T#include <STRING.H>
* d1 i# ~4 }1 O1 h& |& U0 @int main(void) , F% V- _& g( d# a k, {
{
* e$ ?5 c+ {6 qchar string[10]; ( V% C# i7 L" C! M! [' J1 }
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
9 s. u% F3 q. x8 O! z/ E. T) @stpcpy(string, str1);
, w" O* d) o, {1 g3 F) b3 C) Qprintf("%s\n", string); T) X/ q" |' I- K7 G
return 0; ; ?- S. }7 ]. ~+ a$ @. ?
}
" M: T( K( Z' x: S, Q8 N! G" P2 N T' ~, V8 L$ w; P% F% X

8 ^- k4 j% r0 ~& b8 o, L" G3 S% \
 B+ i" M: w+ [函数名: strcat 
2 U& R+ p, d" ?% z功能: 字符串拼接函数 ) Q0 O* F0 z+ Z3 i. |# U7 e# V
用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
; F5 w" V( a6 n# r) Y* L# q程序例: 4 A2 h) O" Y: u
#include <STRING.H>& n$ ^7 i2 G" n, I9 e. }/ D
#include <STDIO.H>
, F ?1 x! w* @% e; {* oint main(void) ! c; Q: k( ` z9 H" Q" Z: g
{
$ j3 P! L5 w6 [7 G- Y& Uchar destination[25];
4 ^) u+ {/ h( ychar *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
# ~, i: F) r6 A1 Fstrcpy(destination, Borland); ) q* b7 O9 {" f$ D" s( o( U2 B3 ^
strcat(destination, blank);
0 n4 r0 T ?! m, v0 cstrcat(destination, c); & l+ c; A/ E5 k; X3 \1 B1 H
printf("%s\n", destination); H/ e2 H+ h* O/ m% m7 h
return 0;
 G8 j- C" Z+ J7 ?2 I, ?( f} * ]& q u7 b# r0 t9 n. i2 ~% f

& v; Q+ S# S7 @5 i, a: ]" T
& V+ l" g" D3 X! U! J
3 r8 d2 E, {3 C1 v, V" c函数名: strchr * |6 @/ ]" _1 a- i9 m1 u+ q
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
4 g4 h! i0 E R用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); & n6 {' g6 ^9 _2 r2 \3 Q: {4 r% J
程序例: 9 j9 N; s: P/ ?4 ^' L
#include <STRING.H>
1 T: y$ W! q3 q) t0 N#include <STDIO.H>: u5 V: P; \5 T% e, C9 j
int main(void)
& O3 j* A9 I* e{ 4 B& _: |0 c; |
char string[15]; / H+ k) R+ d4 e3 \2 Y
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
: g! Y4 Z: ^8 e1 u( r2 @strcpy(string, "This is a string");
7 u& `( M( H( t$ d: z$ z7 Z4 j. Mptr = strchr(string, c);
) @# e6 F3 a6 K4 xif (ptr) 1 l4 W# u6 M( u: E7 Q: J: W2 d
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
2 ?' B/ ]" v% i9 {- k4 Celse $ k$ Y4 \2 i+ x2 f# P( y
printf("The character was not found\n");
( e. h; t/ g. p- F+ _; w4 Rreturn 0;
" [- a. o: N! Y( Z j} K0 |! S7 O: C

- z$ y" G$ P: k7 ^" D) M+ R1 a4 {0 ?( \+ m
0 P8 G2 Q( N" h# b
函数名: strcmp
; M1 |2 k, X. |7 C' a2 M5 s0 \功能: 串比较
+ B9 Q; N7 I! O$ O2 | _用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
 \+ t9 O$ s$ E) w程序例: 2 [1 t" b+ x( |7 W) ]' S! Q+ _
#include <STRING.H>
, z6 v/ L/ o% K+ }#include <STDIO.H>2 h D9 I/ P' k1 I+ d
int main(void)
5 J, _8 X( E8 X' W( I' d{
' S3 d1 J% @/ }3 V5 Qchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
0 y' y3 X; g s) _9 A- }" Nint ptr; 
) Q0 M( K0 ^% J5 ]0 Gptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); U1 w/ d+ z8 O) K* N/ \
if (ptr > 0)
9 V, j7 C3 Q3 [, gprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
% O9 Y, J+ C% b5 v; [else
5 x0 Y! ^/ t" O3 J/ w$ U$ Dprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
6 l9 Z7 a1 b' E1 ?5 gptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); 9 G1 ~ v+ F) P; b
if (ptr > 0) ( a+ k: ^1 r! @' j: x$ a0 D8 V; f
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
 s* Y! _/ V5 C; Z$ O! h0 ?else $ A; _: ~- y' K* A3 Z0 p# v! X2 R
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
6 [3 ]) G' l$ {# c; G/ ^return 0;
 T# c9 o, e0 b- P* Y* a}
, A- L+ q) J( E p: U5 A, b* j( I( o" C5 A' t2 j
# P( Q" M; l0 z" w; @
, S; I, F; n2 \1 U5 n
函数名: strncmpi 
6 e$ v( R1 p. U! ]: B" L功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
& v# J. V+ `( _' _用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 8 r) T' E J9 R# q
程序例: 
4 Z8 F& u0 {) Z# F#include <STRING.H>8 p5 l4 v( o6 T
#include <STDIO.H>
 w' C( y) C& _( U" `int main(void) 8 S) K1 @! U+ r5 Y& R' J+ g5 V$ s
{ : B2 O. a M: c m+ y. z4 z/ ?
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
! O* w2 v4 s, h& p; vint ptr; 
0 N* @+ `; _$ \ ^, Hptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
. ~. L, h7 ~* h+ ~if (ptr > 0)
5 K6 f# m# B$ u% \4 Y& {printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
7 X, j8 b5 P- Q& cif (ptr < 0)
& e5 C/ _! M$ nprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
9 B" E( L' k' W: G4 tif (ptr == 0)
0 E) Z* n# J9 [& Y* ^4 R! o7 A0 e7 nprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
1 c# l: Q( H# [( @0 n7 {return 0; # W, ?8 K+ P7 l# U/ m9 n4 `
}
6 p4 Q+ }; A8 C! k! X p0 v+ o/ H. V- ?1 Z! M- v6 B
% [! b3 C9 ~1 L9 _! a9 P |
, h6 G9 g2 s- I( Q, O* s" ?! M
函数名: strcpy $ g+ F9 y3 D% c$ A9 I
功能: 串拷贝 " d: o# [5 D4 q
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
0 C1 C: Q+ f! f. `程序例: ! P ~9 n) l' F* \
#include <STDIO.H>
9 D/ C2 t, K5 ~; }0 G2 p#include <STRING.H>
( f. K, ~" B+ @# t" Iint main(void) 5 O1 K! z D* q- g/ e* |
{ ( J. Y5 H; {% R2 K3 H, s8 T3 A
char string[10]; % f! V0 @$ y, {; R8 B/ g
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; / i+ \; u. N& }0 W* n. V
strcpy(string, str1);
4 N R9 Y D& \0 a4 j& Tprintf("%s\n", string); 5 Z) x" |' P2 b8 w/ U; E s0 R
return 0; 6 c) E) z9 J( p( T
} ( l, y6 {2 {5 h2 b0 o4 g ]
+ C: P( w% |$ V
2 l# f/ V i, o/ V; \7 K
& a& P' P. }4 h, O4 _, n4 N( P8 [
函数名: strcspn 
- Z$ y) x: C" S功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 0 _& v8 G# U6 p. Z+ P+ N9 o$ h! q
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); 0 s9 Z4 y# i! r0 ~
程序例: ) j4 T- h3 }0 Q, o k, v
#include <STDIO.H>* C: d3 p5 a; C
#include <STRING.H>2 U# |+ _- z0 A
#include <ALLOC.H>. x8 `7 l8 I) G* W1 b8 }8 p
int main(void)
; H# T8 A* Z& W |6 I4 Q6 b{ - V: q4 n0 w* i( G3 h: M+ r8 A
char *string1 = "1234567890"; " p6 i* A2 W2 M% ^$ g& ]) T1 W
char *string2 = "747DC8";
7 D' A# t) z) _7 A5 s% n( E7 m) F$ Eint length; 7 {( C! I, ]" ]
length = strcspn(string1, string2); 5 U: N7 R9 w9 R4 k0 g, X7 i4 s
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
: l# l9 `- u& u8 lreturn 0;
1 s5 h! A% T7 m1 C7 j5 ^8 N} 5 ^/ L8 h" B n& W, g* ^

; g* J1 N3 a q" Y+ Z! d
' p' H. f6 U% X- G# |! f& m& ^: J8 J# s* ?
函数名: strdup 
' B9 r" v1 E2 G6 ?7 g4 M: L/ m功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
- d8 q x1 }; @3 A用法: char *strdup(char *str);
. n8 K- E% ^2 Y# M/ ~$ B程序例: $ i- f/ p! J7 g: \2 P
#include <STDIO.H>
" ~( u" @8 O) j) s# I5 ^, d#include <STRING.H>
7 } M g8 N) w. ?#include <ALLOC.H>
4 l: f( S9 m& D9 j$ jint main(void) 2 P& c. p0 j- e9 c% T0 S
{ $ n' x5 |/ Y9 o# S- G4 H
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
/ ~6 D F7 b9 C2 `4 idup_str = strdup(string); 2 e+ k7 S q9 ?! ]6 c
printf("%s\n", dup_str); 1 x# \( ]$ M2 O) S a8 A) I& _
free(dup_str); 
 _ g$ I& f( c" e+ s qreturn 0;
2 x& h# T- |3 G9 s1 V} - ]9 O y5 U( I7 l2 B
. R' S3 U: [) E3 G
; n. ]1 F- A3 P

. @% n! k* X2 ?2 T% E函数名: stricmp : V4 D$ a" H/ y
功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
' m) T: _$ o6 z4 b9 b4 ^5 A& Q用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
1 l% _4 J! a3 b- N9 `! M$ B$ v4 ^6 |程序例: 0 r8 x9 |, u8 T ?. v" u# F& Q
#include <STRING.H>
, `6 d( q+ e: t#include <STDIO.H>% i ~/ v5 \- } r3 L
int main(void)
% t5 T+ T6 m Q9 ~/ F{ ) N! N; u( ]& G1 B/ H }: n% b
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; " n( I6 W+ ]% |& u o X
int ptr; 
+ A4 b5 z- i6 jptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); % _$ b- a; ]8 k e' u# L
if (ptr > 0)
# |0 }$ C- b I S; cprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
- e- F. a9 e, V# i' z# f+ u6 F( n. Xif (ptr < 0) ; j' m$ c6 X" C, {6 p# [
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
. r0 c4 m$ z6 b/ U* j" tif (ptr == 0) / T \0 J" _. H" E3 e
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); : ^1 C/ w J+ q/ w
return 0;
7 h. b' G; ^5 T}
3 N j& r* P, f6 m
2 X$ D5 l- L/ y4 l0 X3 `4 p) g. u* R3 ^1 K* L. {/ k: m
函数名: strerror 
9 P: a+ U0 s- a7 R' i- c功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 $ J( S9 c- L, t0 ~
用法: char *strerror(int errnum); ( |- f5 L& I0 u% Q
程序例: 9 g; l( p4 r& s
#include <STDIO.H>
7 |: V$ l) C. u#include <ERRNO.H>1 d6 P' E3 e2 m& M: S
int main(void) ( o7 Q1 w, G2 A; R+ d; M
{
" w. ~* o( @, s2 kchar *buffer;
1 Y3 |! r% |5 h! [buffer = strerror(errno);
% ~; ~) S7 q- e1 U& p9 c- D' Yprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer); 6 Z( l! |; q- y( F: T% _8 T
return 0; 6 ^% D) T; w n# o, d
} : t* p; ~2 w% }9 @, k( C7 w
/ @. [0 I2 V/ L4 A+ D# e- _$ K

. Q) S2 H6 d( k' ^% o$ ?3 ?. Q6 T) I$ S: ^
函数名: strcmpi 8 X* r* R! K0 P1 y
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
 M7 U% F) V s" t3 p* b, |' w用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
: V5 E/ ]3 y% K' M4 N; Y; _程序例: % v$ k; e4 P+ L* V- ?
#include <STRING.H>
9 e f8 c' S3 H- H#include <STDIO.H>$ V& y5 |) T9 j u1 Z; O% n
int main(void) ! ?! t1 g6 \1 C: v& U8 e; S
{ . H T) |- \% U: ^9 k
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
6 ?( j; K7 M9 T$ T5 iint ptr; 
/ o, F: P5 [( L$ [. E- t3 Aptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ( [, J4 r9 m$ n1 J4 i# a
if (ptr > 0)
5 Z, @, K$ D* \1 lprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); * v2 Q( U2 Q- H. v8 C8 y( J
if (ptr < 0) + f; ]1 ~( n7 G/ m+ Z) Y
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
2 |" z& R1 Z/ ^" aif (ptr == 0) @1 C9 {) @! N! l8 H& n- D
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
! C# v; Y9 }5 ?3 _2 Dreturn 0;
2 M! W' P1 S$ S. t}
 @% M: ^4 |9 [0 ^( m& {
+ a- j$ n: f R5 h: V: C5 o2 b$ g6 u' a4 Y
4 g2 V! @4 B% ]6 {
函数名: strncmp 
; h/ \2 A, m6 @. ?" }' k# j% Z功能: 串比较 5 [ V1 P9 V) O, f
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
; H; o2 b' I9 E8 V5 ~' J程序例: ! v: B+ y- N: m0 ^' V2 H
#include <STRING.H>
0 _! V6 L: g; l/ n5 m% n9 T# _#include <STDIO.H>
& e4 `2 Q: m6 O: K9 k. R4 |' sint main(void) 
0 V" e! n$ K" H& I$ d) m$ @{
, c: E( r, |- ?/ `char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
5 f: j) {, F9 B; mint ptr; $ a6 X) M$ i1 u
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); B F9 a+ w& E2 l- M
if (ptr > 0)
8 s5 w O7 M1 `! }% T Uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ! A9 Y7 X+ E' B" |
else / o, G) Y! h$ w+ R6 X7 D; o
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 9 {$ ?0 [7 Q* Z# x! R% d+ J
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3); / Q% z9 v- n, K, W; d' D
if (ptr > 0) 4 O0 m( d, e2 L0 n$ @' s
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
0 \2 `* c$ x3 a( F4 R" xelse
5 q3 i* p1 I' }( r% F/ @0 eprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); ' ~- Y. B5 @" o! T
return(0); & Y0 q; x' I7 a5 d; r( g
} / a' j4 M U2 \1 q9 |. d

* M7 Z/ l$ _/ \. i1 W
5 `2 H: [3 N8 b5 o; ~1 _9 T9 Y! H函数名: strncmpi 
. y0 \: O8 m" T `( Q1 Z: k$ d功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 6 q/ ]- M# h+ Z8 a; n, h" d; O( Z; J2 E! T
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); ; g5 w; Z1 H* ?7 O
程序例: 
6 n' F7 h0 q/ D8 F1 m#include <STRING.H>+ m/ a, {0 l. u7 b$ {% w4 H, w# P, S
#include <STDIO.H>
% W+ G9 l X/ u. W: K. oint main(void) , A1 ]+ k2 a0 y! x# o
{
( r7 y7 Z& x- \: R u8 ?9 i$ Echar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
, x0 L. K. A( l) lint ptr; 
$ B8 R0 d% O4 x' Q* @+ u8 jptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
& I l7 h& i* X# Z) Q0 ^if (ptr > 0) . n" ?( [1 c' p
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); - E1 }- X9 Z6 }* n5 Y
if (ptr < 0)
* @7 ?# O( c7 rprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 5 O' U H+ K m- a, |7 e5 a
if (ptr == 0) . H8 j5 ]. S$ M/ S2 ? D, P
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 0 x# O/ Z" h9 I' F. M
return 0; , \6 a3 m" V# \7 a# |, k) v
}
. i+ E S* L! e
! Z. S* m2 P3 f( B Y. {, i2 E6 K- i7 A, u/ K
函数名: strncpy 
/ j6 I+ S8 V5 Y* I功能: 串拷贝 6 G+ s3 W: B! i- W; u1 r4 R
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
7 S8 ?% M& A+ _程序例: 9 s1 j* J+ X" E. m0 C, P
#include <STDIO.H>
( S' G* u/ }0 p- C#include <STRING.H>: ]% @0 d- Q2 t, \2 D# Y
int main(void) 1 f8 P2 [' ]5 ]( w, {
{
7 Z. W( g5 l a$ ~/ e# R" E4 Wchar string[10];
4 w& x" {' ^5 v; G- _! e Rchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
" Y( y- k4 q. \$ w2 z9 ^strncpy(string, str1, 3);
3 {" P( {0 ?5 A `! f/ m; J0 i. [6 Mstring[3] = '\0'; 2 B; e; [) f4 m |3 S4 J0 v+ r2 ^
printf("%s\n", string);
: d9 o; h/ Q, i- i' Ereturn 0; / X1 L [: M. I/ k
} ! x% _# {! Y$ S, Y% [

, X) ?. g, c; Q. I2 C2 u# G: \, _4 H: L. }( |. ~( }) q4 Q) l, F
函数名: strnicmp ' W/ C& b& F- [; N% y5 A
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 + n0 z5 Z1 P l% ]! Q
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 6 T7 b- _6 d5 E+ w& ^
程序例: 5 z" a/ L) U# Q: q1 V* r
#include <STRING.H>' O$ \% s6 d+ G& N9 H+ T. ]
#include <STDIO.H>
" G! I! g, h; yint main(void) 1 O- w! W8 Y4 l
{
2 w5 z* c+ W* k+ Tchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
6 X: j3 V8 e' x. @- fint ptr; 
, V3 x/ k( g9 d6 Sptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
1 Q1 b6 C3 _/ p% rif (ptr > 0)
+ A* Q1 g; W- K* T' V) `printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
 K" o# w3 g' O3 sif (ptr < 0) 3 ~1 r9 Q- ^1 \9 X
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 2 N5 m2 M7 U7 L' E$ I
if (ptr == 0) ( i9 j h; S$ c3 G, {
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); ) {; [" {8 _' X* G
return 0;
* o2 X' O2 T2 c* a& |- \+ ?% h5 U} 2 R" q6 g0 _7 C# g4 a

( _! ]/ w: A1 ?4 ~
) j! i4 s9 u$ u* W$ J+ A: R2 _) v% K0 ]7 ^: z) \6 A4 S2 K
函数名: strnset ; q) S, S, |7 ~8 \1 s* K7 f
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
0 ]+ t, L- ]) o Q" Z8 N, N用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
% d# g L- p! k! t3 H程序例: 
, K# G1 b" D! p, F% M/ W#include <STDIO.H>
/ ^; j8 A& j3 Z! l" E X1 \#include <STRING.H>, Y* B, h2 ]6 x& x
int main(void) ! o& i- g5 A' w2 g) U8 T$ D3 z
{
7 R s) s7 [8 {0 t' Y% P2 `char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; # a; Y5 C" D0 x8 R: ?
char letter = 'x'; 
! f: W* g8 }9 g9 }; dprintf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
8 P- U+ w% n0 ]/ i- q; Ystrnset(string, letter, 13); ! b) p9 _0 F4 R3 o5 }
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); / O3 w* Q e' q0 g" W4 ~( E
return 0;
' m+ _3 d1 l3 _* ?8 h; Z0 u" ]}
* f6 H- ?1 [4 r
( N+ f n' ]) q- V# q8 y! ]: s3 a- M* X$ d. f) _3 w3 ]1 {
函数名: strpbrk 
0 Q! ^% U+ D( @% k- ^功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
# K" ?2 l1 d4 ]$ n# g9 w用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); $ O' E, ^% x* R/ a# M
程序例: 
( u6 r8 \& L" r6 F#include <STDIO.H>: U5 t9 }/ I3 U$ L2 E: P
#include <STRING.H>% @% s3 k- n5 g, z7 T
int main(void)
 u* p4 _ z% d5 V K{ ; j! N" ^) q z% V w" b; \
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
1 a! I5 j9 m2 N& Bchar *string2 = "onm"; + P9 g/ R( ?2 W! a; r: q5 f
char *ptr; / a" w# n! U V& u2 k" o# N
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
$ M4 p( R- D" d" w( k2 |if (ptr) $ v( K, Y- Q+ ?" |
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
) L( U+ R/ A- R# h. l" O) Kelse * ` r: H9 N4 V) [$ o/ R0 Y2 b
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); % z. a( c0 ^9 I1 c
return 0; 4 O! j# G) }/ C+ q: V
} ; T+ a$ B: }0 ?

" R# q& F1 E' n- f1 B+ V7 [/ N, A; \8 X
# [* i* |" q+ Z2 `8 `
函数名: strrchr / j. u1 q F$ d2 y0 C5 s# k" o
功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
% i! Y, G) q7 C. l- } U用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); 2 Z5 d i+ n: C; b) s$ p! U
程序例: : l: f3 h- ~, p* ?9 k
#include <STRING.H>
 G# v0 u6 C) I; q' ]+ ?8 {* d#include <STDIO.H>
5 A, X0 @5 ?$ h8 ]# cint main(void)
# I9 b9 j. h# Y2 y, U+ H7 f- K{
& ?5 _9 q; N7 X' ?0 B4 v4 ]# ?9 ?char string[15]; 9 |. f M# ]) ?/ j' ]! k% X
char *ptr, c = 'r'; % M I- h5 U! e0 ?$ e$ j
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); 4 O- x$ y/ f F
ptr = strrchr(string, c); + f% a- V. d% l1 b
if (ptr) ; l( G6 R: {0 {" l- Y
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); . ~/ _4 e: j: | Z8 _
else 2 E, X; B2 ?8 o8 L# g3 y$ \
printf("The character was not found\n"); ! o( N2 y2 _) V& y! x y
return 0;
; B) \: C& H# f} 
: ?: j q0 d, Q( s0 I! A) W0 y) H, @

$ K! j2 A8 T* s' M2 V8 I" m) ^/ n: S" J
函数名: strrev " T. y7 j) E$ r
功能: 串倒转
( r; F' {! h" C0 I, ^用法: char *strrev(char *str);
' m# ~# Y) N' A, k: s8 ^程序例: . A8 H7 ]3 X( r3 V* ]8 C% C: {
#include <STRING.H>
' ^. @- z g5 O2 [7 X; b#include <STDIO.H># Y( N- h! v4 P6 P: Y
int main(void) 8 P% D1 S; v8 h; {& s0 P
{
4 F. [2 }3 c& y c# V, y& fchar *forward = "string"; # G5 H4 P" B R. F, x4 N
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); & u; R1 G: a) p+ @3 J
strrev(forward); 1 W& Q2 o G1 W5 V. I* \
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); # }: C" x% [ N$ Q5 ?* u- e4 {4 v
return 0;
3 _6 i2 A% U/ {} 
( r/ j5 A; b# q' W% E. B$ D
8 [& h( w0 p5 K+ d2 g% }函数名: strset 
$ q5 L9 c5 l2 O% X1 c7 O功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
$ C/ w8 N% F* w. o a用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); ) o( q. d. c5 m- G
程序例: 0 n4 E: ^7 o, y h" I
#include <STDIO.H>
7 j* T- t6 i. a#include <STRING.H>
2 B3 j7 a: a/ ?6 { Eint main(void) & h; A0 P f+ G. t, D- h
{ : M6 \& f+ C: \# j
char string[10] = "123456789"; * r9 `0 m! L% e' W
char symbol = 'c'; : W3 d' }6 M; |8 k% w4 R
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); / Q* g9 Q$ @8 b7 {0 V) j
strset(string, symbol); # m) |* A5 \0 D1 Y
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
& c- Q% e1 [- @8 W+ Ireturn 0; ' e# C) K" f R; G
} 0 p# J# ~% i. T; T4 @

" J# \# c7 W1 h K
9 z5 m, t! x" J1 s( ^* I. b3 S; V# v
函数名: strspn - b8 {# \) l$ m- ~
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
+ B3 }, g1 Y9 n7 J* j" v用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
# B9 f& U5 D3 [; Q/ B程序例: 8 R: F/ b) Z. S2 K
#include <STDIO.H>+ O& C% B2 c! v5 l4 K% k; N
#include <STRING.H>) s4 D l, l& U3 d- }
#include <ALLOC.H>
$ P: W. D* }- V9 c( A tint main(void) * ?; }; \3 z. U) Q1 M2 l
{ - z& j, [" ?& q
char *string1 = "1234567890";
2 r _. y2 o% `2 ~# W& `% Q4 w$ tchar *string2 = "123DC8"; & B5 L5 f+ [, W$ w+ C. W
int length; 
! \, O0 `. q3 U9 A' zlength = strspn(string1, string2);
7 w9 Y$ }+ u" C0 ~% k) sprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); 4 J# i0 P5 V3 W0 U
return 0;
4 n4 [1 _) B% t& v9 K2 O& T}
+ R# I. x0 }: X. Q; r3 u9 i( n* j5 }1 P+ _
/ Z4 @. Y1 `: U3 @5 e5 r0 d
函数名: strstr - Y8 n& ~! j; E+ k+ I5 E& k- D4 J
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 ' L9 M" V9 V/ z
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
. L& V' L) {8 p" w程序例: 
" ~: E, L, o6 V) [+ c& f) O#include <STDIO.H>
. P6 \8 N2 v. c4 Y& @#include <STRING.H>
' A: Z$ H3 ^% d# U/ L+ jint main(void)
. Y! i; [" f, M1 d$ z' D{
3 q) S& X- F) Echar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
+ r9 P( Y. e& y# D9 v/ ~ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
% N: v9 A: L. k- Y) p( N+ jprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); : k8 @: P: F: V+ a9 Q* Q& c S' y
return 0; 4 i l2 G/ t+ V k2 X( M
} 
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函数名: strtod 
& y& v" g7 V7 j: ]功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
2 r1 S5 _ r9 _- b7 `4 s+ P7 K: S用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
# L% x/ e) B* J- v5 l6 Y9 V1 l1 w程序例: ; R' V' C* @# P% |! X3 J
#include <STDIO.H>) g- v$ g& e% p" W
#include <STDLIB.H>
9 K# Q" R. {) B* _6 nint main(void)
! S# W6 j% ?' h4 t{
$ D# W6 l/ _) b* _: fchar input[80], *endptr; * ]& s! f* B) U' x7 H
double value; + g7 Y) W5 X% l- k: B! F
printf("Enter a floating point number:"); 5 h8 C5 M6 m" c9 ^0 u$ B% z
gets(input);
, @6 V; E2 ?- a. w/ Uvalue = strtod(input, &endptr);
/ O7 D) T4 s, Z# W1 r' `# b1 Uprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); 7 r1 @ q( r+ V7 U7 {2 Q' X
return 0;
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+ [4 h7 ^$ d! T: {) a8 J) |
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8 `! J3 `; M! a Q+ p- X# d函数名: strtok & Q I6 ^+ q, `
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 + K1 q+ x. \1 M, i% `( v
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
) l, R8 r& ]1 o- ]8 y程序例: ' b/ p* i2 r- h9 Y% u4 k
#include <STRING.H>
# v' Z6 z4 h* u" H#include <STDIO.H>% {: k+ A( ^9 c
int main(void) % y, E" \) y: W" y0 I
{ / a- H- m" @6 i8 O* Y
char input[16] = "abc,d"; 4 s' n8 ^5 j: M. J1 e. c! Q, j
char *p; 2 }( ` h. A3 A- [( q
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
6 z9 C2 Q3 q* t8 q0 t) Kin front of the token, if found */
5 J9 V( R( Z* T6 h9 i+ ?p = strtok(input, ","); * ^0 a6 L' t! F. c
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); 
) B9 }/ O+ t b+ N" Q3 O5 h* l- u4 ~/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
1 K- |, K- X c: Q: w: \as the first parameter returns a pointer 9 f8 A' j6 s- u
to the character following the token */
. x5 A6 E8 p; E1 ~% C# @3 O& op = strtok(NULL, ","); - ^6 g/ ?- E Z1 }3 D) ]$ a
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); . n) d" V: y3 g8 ^2 L2 m" x: |
return 0; 4 y2 u7 U. ]7 X/ L4 k% p3 Z
} + D& o! V' G1 O- Y

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7 a/ z7 m& F2 F. N函数名: strtol 5 M. D4 L0 S6 @' F
功能: 将串转换为长整数
2 x" o# y6 G, l. a: Z9 A# N2 s用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
5 k! Q4 N! m0 \/ Z7 [+ D程序例: # T1 }6 P) x9 O5 V* |* ^) e# M
#include <STDLIB.H>
, {, i4 I9 K; Z#include <STDIO.H>
, d) K6 e! `2 C) yint main(void)
) v% [! I4 }% p2 v; C{
0 r, M" ~- x' a6 i! O$ R4 achar *string = "87654321", *endptr;
( i3 |5 J* @0 J5 ?1 C# \long lnumber; 
: g) t/ o2 Y/ n! n, T$ N2 F/* strtol converts string to long integer */ % N% Q0 z0 T# L5 m* k
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); ( n+ m' M' j- R/ [# g, z* R, A a
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); * @9 g4 d4 u( I+ {
return 0;
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0 V- F$ g1 ~* n6 `* f
函数名: strupr 
9 ]1 r0 V% V6 A4 ~9 H; k功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
: ~% J1 e& u: t/ o6 t用法: char *strupr(char *str); 8 U- Q: T4 h9 C" {' l- U
程序例: ! Y2 s( [4 \/ {! k8 G+ b+ m
#include <STDIO.H>" U. _4 }- d) F: k) U
#include <STRING.H>+ T. q2 S$ B) n9 B5 m# d
int main(void) 6 m7 S# I( |/ D! I, d7 i
{
: [/ o3 ~9 j0 dchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 0 i+ B0 |% C" c' P4 ? {. s) J. z
/* converts string to upper case characters */
* X% c) ?$ G$ L( Sptr = strupr(string);
# C( u+ }9 [8 Y; tprintf("%s\n", ptr);
% J9 |- E1 ?) Breturn 0; 9 G6 E2 a3 A0 O5 _
}
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/ L1 w0 O+ x, o" O5 `9 S, m7 _; L0 f$ z1 \
函数名: swab : m' d e6 z. ~0 s$ a" O0 k$ ~
功能: 交换字节 3 h" D7 W9 _2 q0 ?3 [
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); $ H' g4 U8 R; \* x3 w; m" t: h4 Y8 j
程序例: - X4 r5 F9 i. A1 m8 M/ k& f: D$ m! N
#include <STDLIB.H>1 T0 o/ N; X8 G* H* W9 U
#include <STDIO.H>( ^% ^3 v h: ?! ], e. z; X' g
#include <STRING.H>
- G& |! l' C$ u5 Y, `6 ?char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
( R5 B! e8 q9 O5 i" S; \% L9 ?char target[15]; 
$ \ j3 s. f6 r1 J' ~, Oint main(void) , f, j% h# R* Q9 O1 z
{
# w6 b5 m5 g) W/ y: aswab(source, target, strlen(source)); 8 Z* [2 |" @; E/ X% A$ l8 Y! m
printf("This is target: %s\n", target); ! r: Q9 Z0 v' ?, Y, k
return 0; T+ W* X0 ]$ { e: z
}
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3 m/ Z3 E) [; z1 Z0 I" V! w+ n函数名: system 3 [6 c, e% T! q) ~8 y5 D
功能: 发出一个DOS命令 3 n9 {$ |3 z/ F+ e
用法: int system(char *command); 4 G" r- p9 v) a2 S7 w- a7 R- @
程序例: # x6 I( c Z& }. a& P
#include <STDLIB.H> O6 f" l% S F( a* H# _# Y
#include <STDIO.H>
: e2 |5 u4 @) `6 L* Zint main(void)
! u+ W% Z: G1 K: t/ S% ^{
; O+ C6 I6 J% b) X0 vprintf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
) w* h. a1 u9 O$ @, B' m8 j2 _system("dir"); & B: K, ^; D1 d* z* `2 n; [8 X
return 0; & F. M9 U! y9 F" `+ p2 M: z
}