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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); % N4 X+ d& C- T# m5 N5 e+ ~
/* display the gray scale */ - `/ p" _5 o8 d: t
ht = getmaxy() / 16;
8 j) \% p3 [: x3 a. L& w( Kxmax = getmaxx(); , I, t6 J; m& o0 O; B: j0 J; s4 v
y = 0; ' m& k- E9 `& k3 a7 Y& U3 m
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
3 m- e$ ~6 h4 ?0 v8 ksetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
3 e- j$ }: o, q: U+ A% {bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); , q$ L" E' g3 i9 ? g* _, R5 @
y += ht;
* \4 ^) _% r' j3 x' U% R} : v" ]' E, o. k7 @8 x1 M
/* clean up */
0 n. N' U8 [6 O ?0 q% e0 Vgetch(); 9 a1 d7 { \) c5 r# F
closegraph(); # E6 z7 X( {: p. M$ X
return 0; 9 Y! e1 [# T* K0 Q
} 2 U* T, i; I! S5 z J2 ~: D

, p4 X$ }6 X" S4 L7 }- L8 Z, s# y ^3 @# S( x6 e6 P8 R
8 K+ Q9 Z8 [) x K
函数名: settextjustify - R7 v" [, j! I# z9 ^' }
功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
# ]2 |* @$ F6 p) V2 |用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); 2 h7 ]0 m" G0 r% v- u
程序例: - T( m" Q* ]9 P3 U3 L
#include <GRAPHICS.H>& ~2 T1 l. B7 k# v4 q8 g# h
#include <STDLIB.H>, |' {5 F. V# q/ g% b4 u
#include <STDIO.H>. L% A; x* u7 ?, |4 l
#include <CONIO.H>
/ P9 a# ^4 |$ h; I v/* function prototype */ * m6 _- A; y. r7 S4 {' a" d: S
void xat(int x, int y); ; t0 q+ c+ `) S: o3 E v' `
/* horizontal text justification settings */
* S* [3 {5 ~9 n2 M3 Q/ Kchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
( h' T" f- l( q. ^+ T"CENTER_TEXT", ( N! I' S5 V* ?: U; U
"RIGHT_TEXT" : o0 R; V# @" X+ l) }
}; 
0 ]9 O/ b2 e, |) D+ H; `/* vertical text justification settings */
( s9 n0 Z" ]) k5 ^char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", ( M$ O3 `' E. a& t
"CENTER_TEXT", 4 M( R. \) z; `; @8 U n
"RIGHT_TEXT" 8 E5 z0 i* F# n4 x" U4 J" Z
}; : T/ k9 O3 b8 d* o Y/ l
int main(void) ' M% E+ r! L# W8 R8 e }
{
9 g) P( J3 t9 N4 `$ R6 P- P# n. A/* request auto detection */
' u; ~$ `) C+ p- b, L$ G4 Wint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
+ i3 t- c, P- n/ q. ^$ Xint midx, midy, hj, vj;
6 }$ v) W: \ _# Xchar msg[80]; ! z( K6 V4 b# p% v- y" K
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
% s9 n2 x6 b& n: Binitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
+ X: @ o G1 J' `) R/* read result of initialization */ ; {( o. n( A+ t+ V0 r% G4 A
errorcode = graphresult(); ' V { u9 L% L: \) w6 o
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ( q1 m& S; \ p8 d: R- {$ P5 l; n$ ]
{
8 m+ T+ R5 F! o: d- l4 ?! Vprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ; E7 H2 x& J7 z% M
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 f) H% |6 {+ A% ]9 M" b- igetch(); 5 a! Q& O& X( q( I. u
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ + g* U. I6 D( }% J
} ( n0 d) Y. B* R9 m: _0 b. i5 y
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
8 ^$ c0 m7 W" [, J7 F9 E+ vmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 2 a9 e8 G C7 K# y% m( g' X
/* loop through text justifications */
9 z; ^- ?6 T2 F: N+ x( }' ofor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) - g7 f z6 H) T# e; Q; A' _1 |
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
: v1 O8 C6 `8 l& [. L! C, v5 u{
) M/ f3 G' \: [1 |/ p) E4 Acleardevice(); 0 }9 ]8 J+ \: ?
/* set the text justification */
2 D4 y! d. F# R4 v4 A' \settextjustify(hj, vj); ' e3 }& c ?7 t6 Q
/* create a message string */ & X2 e+ a2 O2 |: s0 v4 L
sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); " o2 F* D6 E) y' m
/* create cross hairs on the screen */
; N* Y& c* g7 Rxat(midx, midy); 8 l4 V: B0 C# }. h, I
/* output the message */ 3 |0 Z2 T+ O. O7 |% x
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
4 p9 L* H3 e/ ygetch();
2 g2 f9 Y0 p+ o) U# X} 
3 G9 `8 i- B D; Y( J4 [/* clean up */ 2 `- z4 x& x& v8 K
closegraph();
2 Y4 n+ y1 ^; d j: z( g4 V+ Mreturn 0;
7 @; ^7 _, P6 d$ n0 Q3 H8 ]} 9 l/ E7 y. t! u+ O' w+ f
/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ * f( Z D" T, v( I
void xat(int x, int y) $ i5 Z& F2 O1 L; Z; b+ X, Z
{ $ O3 d8 s" ]8 A& d: R
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); / T C1 b$ \) L* F
line(x, y-4, x, y+4); ! b2 [! X2 a* S; D
} 0 ]. R. o" k; B: B" R
# h; B x+ O8 B9 |. ]
9 m4 d+ ?9 ?; }: G& G% J
函数名: settextstyle 
, l. S9 {( q0 N, k" T2 S功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 4 |* ?7 O; Z- h7 u o/ \
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); 5 w8 w: O, D* U1 \8 z+ Z
程序例: 
% W: S) N) T8 Y2 S8 Y#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- {: c4 o2 A8 f8 Z, b#include <STDLIB.H>; J; r4 S$ x& d' g
#include <STDIO.H>5 X2 y% c# A- b( _# G
#include <CONIO.H>: _' e: p- D! B. `% n6 g4 |6 o/ G
/* the names of the text styles supported */ + }0 h- M7 s3 O* k
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", 6 d- d% v6 L& j& a4 c; {7 ]
"TRIPLEX font",
: O3 Z$ T0 \1 V' F4 h"SMALL font", 0 O$ c! M/ O8 q) c; A$ ^2 \
"SANS SERIF font",
4 l# H& m" M6 S% ?# e) W"GOTHIC font" ) X. x+ y$ B2 N1 Z6 `$ D9 a
}; 
/ x' f o! x, h0 ^+ Mint main(void) . u' J# Z! L. ^" V5 w$ b& o
{ % z! X3 I Q# E2 U, V$ U
/* request auto detection */ ) O+ R/ t+ I) A% Y2 d3 i0 D
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 8 _- N! c% p o" J9 z
int style, midx, midy; ! ^( J1 {* J2 H6 h. o& e
int size = 1; ; I3 H) {! O/ b' {$ F) Q
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ' m5 |2 p/ x3 A2 I
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 C' E% l* V& ?9 n$ t \: x% M
/* read result of initialization */
. ]$ b$ e" }3 f* d0 X. u S& Serrorcode = graphresult(); - v I( Z' ~1 ]: t
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
 T$ }* V( s, y: {2 ~: [; M( C{
7 f) }- y; [* @& F* v- C+ Yprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ' Q7 h3 d) B- l2 |. P
printf("Press any key to halt:");
& P l2 c8 a& U2 ]: Mgetch(); 2 i$ w! r: r- M K, U C0 J/ ~
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 8 z3 u+ J' F/ \0 T0 y3 T
} 
4 q4 K$ B5 m3 Z9 lmidx = getmaxx() / 2; T' e! n' f i% t! Q" d& G
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 9 _; `4 u n) t( H4 l
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
) z8 C1 Y; d) B, \1 O/* loop through the available text styles */ $ [" {8 o1 a) [; c
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
" {- p* p) ^2 d# k) k' T- z{
! M( N/ I! `! T n/ P, l5 P2 {$ Fcleardevice();
: M- R" ?" J% C4 d" pif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
1 ~3 p- O4 d6 |) Q1 _" Lsize = 4; 
: G8 d% e' T; j( D% Q( ]/* select the text style */ 4 k" s2 f- Z8 f5 F( @
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
% b7 W0 s" L% L7 H; ^/* output a message */
! P" `: E1 r6 routtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); # m3 X B+ |$ [- l
getch();
% n1 K# ]* T" h: n p. o, h5 M} 5 v7 b+ I* r; u8 ~" ]9 w
/* clean up */
# o# h) i# \# l& vclosegraph(); ' c" F- g/ H4 y# d2 ]
return 0; 0 |, o7 s4 s5 I
} ) e+ }6 O2 g3 f
- M/ z; X6 I5 O$ d# E( V
& M9 h% a3 V3 K$ z7 |7 l F
函数名: settextstyle ( E8 M. ?/ [3 }7 P$ q
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
5 n7 @; X, Z' E) d用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); ' B) u3 O5 R( g- n* F
程序例: # X/ w' C- N3 A- L) `
#include <GRAPHICS.H>6 |. V- q6 J+ H6 x
#include <STDLIB.H>
' p/ h, B9 N6 `* {( x( Q#include <STDIO.H>
5 R7 ? t# ^' i( N#include <CONIO.H>
+ U3 L5 M1 {* v* K/* the names of the text styles supported */ 1 X$ b2 v7 \( e- ~5 B$ J7 n
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", ( R% L' Y2 s! Q8 Q; ?2 C
"TRIPLEX font",
9 l3 o: d$ g+ E8 W"SMALL font",
6 p, R6 p9 U4 G( [# k9 k"SANS SERIF font", 5 b, e! b" i0 u/ K+ S, I
"GOTHIC font" ; B" G6 j, ?* b5 |9 }+ E
}; 
: m4 E# y) x, ^int main(void) + j- e1 s3 Q( s0 S, Z
{
5 N- F' H3 Y* {' _$ S2 v1 f/* request auto detection */
& M/ h- M8 e3 Yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
, p8 G! y% o1 w+ G: d: aint style, midx, midy; + i( {) J$ l1 Q* f1 T' T( a
int size = 1; 
- l9 I) E2 L! m0 o# p% U/* initialize graphics and local variables */
2 d9 G2 P0 s& Minitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 2 g8 a0 r; C; w3 z S, h
/* read result of initialization */ ' ?3 u8 r t% a
errorcode = graphresult();
" T3 k5 c" K, N! X" t$ N0 Oif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 9 R5 f; ?6 r! |: z
{ 3 T- v7 y) _! z. V; x
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; A2 F( b8 Y& Z6 A( \3 `( Nprintf("Press any key to halt:");
% Y. |" l) T% u" v: L& v8 R% S1 C1 Tgetch(); . r- z- u* C$ N, Z6 M0 Q V# t
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
 t) s* ^6 h7 `/ [} 
( T# b, K) i0 R2 R- E/ omidx = getmaxx() / 2;
 R3 M9 {& A/ r0 k& Pmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
0 d8 p, V% A1 r* N8 ]settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ! T2 w' ~; t. _
/* loop through the available text styles */
' ?/ p( \" k* l$ T! Cfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
* v+ }8 Y, e9 n& Z5 Q5 W) g{
% P3 h; Y8 F& \* _1 ycleardevice();
0 p' k$ j9 _! U! X3 y6 H1 x6 mif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 9 n: e1 [% V h9 P$ N
size = 4; & p5 }; T2 U* ^9 Q' D
/* select the text style */
0 B7 H8 K$ C8 r5 ?+ a' [8 hsettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
: j1 h* e L) A8 E2 k3 w: b9 L/* output a message */
/ Z3 n( Q& d6 B- ]( U1 w6 ~9 X) aouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 3 F, {4 q) g. h. R
getch(); + z4 t! b3 Y4 Z9 ~# |- f" ^
} 
. m4 C, p7 [) e. @5 q' ~9 p/* clean up */ ' ~7 i( p2 l" y8 }) `( U5 g; q
closegraph();
) I4 x$ |& J" r$ B$ j4 Sreturn 0;
( f o C/ K! @ k0 M7 z* Y} : ^( C9 N- w# R1 J1 |% w' n

' f" k! K1 k& B7 v9 a5 f: z$ G$ ^! n! k4 l( g3 W4 R
函数名: settime E8 l1 g/ S( Z8 h
功能: 设置系统时间 1 n6 s" D; T. Y8 z; u3 c8 J* P
用法: void settime(struct time *timep);
# {+ l6 r: p8 O程序例: 1 I! `4 X6 O( b
#include <STDIO.H>9 c4 D3 N& D2 `* g ?% H- u: o
#include <DOS.H>
8 W6 O; w _( d7 ^1 E9 X& Kint main(void)
# w1 k0 E" m$ S- s9 Q3 x0 J{
+ ^3 a) }' [* B$ {- astruct time t; 
4 Z3 L, s" D- e5 ~" Igettime(&t);
3 j! L# v& |2 p9 ]) }9 aprintf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
+ `7 o! Y( d2 lprintf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour); - ~* v% ~! L/ ^6 j
printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
2 k. B4 ?& j* n0 E+ o4 Tprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
! D: g' ?( f$ a7 v/ h* H2 m/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
+ M' v* l. {) j; X8 Ot.ti_min++;
5 q7 G: x& K! @settime(&t); , {/ a! G5 C/ u) A
return 0; ( F$ K, A# K3 v+ _0 p
} 
/ P& }0 U" N, T4 P4 ]9 \( J% W9 t# F6 _* ^! c

9 {' ]0 N5 }* l" X# T; F函数名: setusercharsize . k; G! b m* `) S$ h3 J! q2 L
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度 1 L; `6 Z- z' ~: C7 @- Q& _
用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); ; C, w F( y" \( e" P+ G9 h/ k+ L
程序例: 
. m9 a5 y8 R* P' U/ [ F0 s#include <GRAPHICS.H>
1 }4 V) i- o* n- o+ ]& T- J#include <STDLIB.H>
% o% E$ J! y% u; ~) G& k8 [#include <STDIO.H>3 u. s- p* C- `/ n& T% x; q! F; e
#include <CONIO.H>
4 Y) c% o- T; h9 Pint main(void)
# S4 l# s* r3 l% s8 z{ & X& ^) S" g2 |6 ?+ U. B
/* request autodetection */
1 ~' `9 Q+ ~ ~; E) [4 Wint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; Z, f$ Y {- D: n* _% h
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
) E$ I" i- I* T' y; D$ \/ @initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 1 k- b: G8 f: g" u( G: v) x+ F
/* read result of initialization */ 4 d3 p7 w4 E5 [6 G
errorcode = graphresult(); # O8 K+ p* b- M% g
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
' B$ s3 X P6 F; e- L6 A; V6 e{ 1 ~# j' P) v% M9 y( o- Y" U
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 3 d; q1 |# l2 D2 n
printf("Press any key to halt:");
5 f7 q3 G0 t/ R) w( L8 b- tgetch();
9 J" \, d$ X+ Lexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
2 D+ f r( P) ^/ E- |} 
' L0 K* @8 ?( ^" V8 i) m M/* select a text style */ 2 P* E& v$ X) X5 r. I& F
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); - k4 O6 J9 X' U2 Z, p8 h
/* move to the text starting position */
; J. I) s; A% pmoveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 9 U" q) N# S7 g9 A8 e4 D; G% a
/* output some normal text */
' Q6 W2 b- e4 z& \4 Y' C) Houttext("Norm "); 
& S- h. A4 t! t1 [/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
; J1 p4 k& Z+ b. q- Gsetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); " A7 q" o1 \# p. ~) l
outtext("Short "); " B" K$ U/ x# i0 z8 E m1 o% z" r+ n
/* make the text 3 times normal width */
' m- f* ~+ m+ v) fsetusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
" U$ v8 C1 W/ a$ \outtext("Wide"); 4 c5 A# D& M& u/ P
/* clean up */ : f- `' A* j2 J2 k* ?& E
getch(); 8 }9 ~1 M6 m# _! a
closegraph(); ( d6 P$ n. L4 J8 }" a2 y, p7 z
return 0; # L2 N O% U+ W& i( a
} 
! V2 b7 d: f& O1 x0 H4 G2 y; z. s& {0 l+ X9 {8 G2 |7 r) |
函数名: setvbuf 
; N4 H- L# U E j功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 & j/ w9 C2 L+ h' F
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); 2 `1 D, j* d/ b0 q+ A
程序例: 
$ v6 C( d1 [# d m2 J/ g#include <STDIO.H>3 ~: O2 ]' _9 B
int main(void)
4 M7 N' h- `' X' q3 Y6 H; |{
: X9 [& L, ?. x/ LFILE *input, *output; 8 e4 ^6 U) M5 f( {& h' M! i& U
char bufr[512]; 
6 V4 D3 B# C. L, h; b- Kinput = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
# G0 y+ y+ R" y7 `output = fopen("file.out", "w"); ( X% j& c) [; o8 n9 B7 g9 X
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, % k) \- w: t' i) U. Q ?
using our own character buffer */
 R! Y% y/ a- s* j u6 p& t8 ^if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) ' }! _7 u7 P6 @# ?& `0 X* v$ d+ |
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n"); - _1 D8 }6 M! S' i
else
+ I7 \/ L3 _ tprintf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 6 r: _$ d l0 P$ f1 R5 R6 j
/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
) K$ Q8 v% ~$ G) ]will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
) T7 `4 v) {$ ]' ~, x# Zif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) 9 l9 y' A0 c) S# R2 B
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
3 b: c1 V/ L( U% aelse 2 Z) {4 w; F# J! w/ f; l
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); : {3 p* v. V2 J! ]. _
/* perform file I/O here */ # ]% m- E9 Q- I( t, r
/* close files */ & O* t8 W3 M4 ~! B/ }
fclose(input); + Q1 G y, s$ a0 r1 Q+ }* _
fclose(output);
0 ^) Z6 F' o; i- Q6 areturn 0;
* R" }8 ^6 E8 E* L} : k6 D: @, ?! D2 S5 z1 c. M2 |4 v

, @2 e7 `. e4 h: e0 C$ Q
0 M' D$ X- I. f! T7 v7 b; {+ |. D. Y" f% B0 H
函数名: setvect 
' N5 P! \ m1 {1 i功能: 设置中断矢量入口
; v5 J+ p7 ?- u3 T. H! r T用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
 J# O) C+ h& k; h; v( N程序例: 
+ z1 m) C- H7 H1 {! v( h0 S/ b/***NOTE:
' O- t# f6 ?' D/ aThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this ' ]! R! q# W3 [; d' d6 b
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
4 n3 _( }2 F% ^# M. M" M% vfile which will operate correctly. */ 
2 ]0 L( T* t. t7 Q+ r#include <STDIO.H>
1 j P: o. l7 N7 _( w# R#include <DOS.H>
5 Y3 `% @1 y5 y( I1 |6 B3 Z#include <CONIO.H>
7 q0 ?3 \( B2 n' [7 _#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
8 k5 A- g- c( o- [void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
* B2 ]! [2 t3 s* [int count=0; : g H+ {0 [' L" [- j0 H
void interrupt handler(void) 8 s" R, U1 m4 Y$ v0 n! i1 f" f( H
{ . J$ V$ J6 h' `$ u/ |1 F
/* increase the global counter */ 4 B+ p/ @* t# P. ^6 D& M# h2 D' U
count++; 9 q+ e4 [: y% B0 P0 @ t. ~
/* call the old routine */
- u+ S. E0 F4 q+ Zoldhandler();
- q q0 ^5 T1 J, _1 F} : v" U9 K7 h$ p* O5 f g5 E
int main(void)
 G" A p* |, D% x{ % ~- Z, }( F8 k
/* save the old interrupt vector */ 7 O; v' W$ ~* A9 i, }
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 2 O5 _+ c- @+ B
/* install the new interrupt handler */ 3 i# n {+ O( y, Z9 s
setvect(INTR, handler); 
: M1 E) e% T1 g$ Z5 x/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ / |6 C8 C. ^! F% t, T( H8 w+ l
while (count < 20) 1 M/ ^1 n8 X6 i0 }$ e1 s
printf("count is %d\n",count); * X. B' E9 z7 W& ^6 y6 N+ N* ~
/* reset the old interrupt handler */ 4 W( M4 u8 A1 ~. G# [) z
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
& h x- O6 O8 q( V; S% Oreturn 0; 9 m9 n# w0 S" a$ N0 { X
} ; h4 ]; w. h9 I( Y6 k! e* N* }6 c

2 b( ?( l# o7 @/ |! i5 r4 u$ z0 p& D! Q) H$ C" T7 D3 M
函数名: setverify 
% D8 S: I8 B4 H2 g; o& ?6 R5 X. _2 o功能: 设置验证状态 * F2 i' Q* c) |* f, L h" h
用法: void setverify(int value); ; H: x+ Z5 C: I5 n
程序例: ' _" r* C4 G; e' [; `# Z: {( G- m9 l+ y
#include <STDIO.H>
# o$ ^8 k' [( P7 B V4 S% o#include <CONIO.H># {4 W) c0 F! W% K
#include <DOS.H>
& O w+ |9 A5 R5 T- Zint main(void)
; e) V$ u1 c% R# V* r# ~! P{ # m! @. C* j0 `0 h0 f
int verify_flag; ! P! O* ]$ |9 d9 i) j
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); " }5 X3 r1 T, K& v) v6 E' K; d5 Q
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 0 W) }" n2 \6 d0 j6 [9 o
verify_flag = getch() - 0; 
! H$ b; U6 D+ y/ ~9 F& Gsetverify(verify_flag); . { e" J- T) m! X0 q( K) ]
if (getverify())
+ `/ y4 `2 z# h, jprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
+ ?2 z# I0 f. s7 n' D/ n3 C6 `else
, h8 X- ?' b& Z. N+ L8 cprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); * O6 I" {6 f+ q% \
return 0;
7 p( i! o- _9 X4 k3 B7 Y1 l}
0 D9 O, R, q/ i: |! P, ?1 v& b# W; I# N; u4 O3 G8 ]' ]
% ?5 |: ?. v" B# w6 ~; P5 o
函数名: setviewport 0 f4 Y% x6 U8 e
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 - C0 m( F! @) P$ r" j: Y: z
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right, - f- u, l P* o
int bottom, int clipflag);
1 [, y' r: z+ m2 G% N/ l* C; c* p9 ]程序例: 
, X: S- a4 M7 Z2 f$ Y, I#include <GRAPHICS.H>1 {1 G& h4 o+ t0 s0 D a; K
#include <STDLIB.H>
! F, O. E' s; Z4 K#include <STDIO.H>
" \% a6 K% U# g X#include <CONIO.H>
, v$ t6 r0 _. C" u#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
( F" M( p& x7 Y! F. f5 hint main(void)
) v8 @/ E6 x& u{
0 p* E- }. B6 r2 F' _ o6 G/* request auto detection */
4 m8 N+ G+ P" N3 m2 t8 gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
! [1 H0 y: L7 q4 j. a- p1 N/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 ]5 L! r$ W4 W/ X$ p! V! Z0 T
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , R4 y5 Z6 I! f& T
/* read result of initialization */ , B3 |' U. X0 w- W* \0 Y4 o2 w
errorcode = graphresult(); + ^) |& O5 Z2 Y# \
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ' H |8 Y \- o! u. |
{ 5 W' v- z& t/ ^: x$ `
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
& x* @/ I4 U7 Y/ h2 x; H# k2 hprintf("Press any key to halt:"); / N. t1 J. Q8 U5 O# |
getch(); - i7 G+ |5 T# ?; b2 Z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 4 ]9 X% d% o, z4 b/ O
} 
4 d+ b1 i1 S r ^$ i' Qsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
8 @$ ^4 m) q) t A v/* message in default full-screen viewport */ 2 d! Y& ~' Y7 m6 Q0 r; S4 }1 E, E! J
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
; S% R/ m- Q* C+ b/* create a smaller viewport */ ' B( k( U8 x2 s6 t4 }& G
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); ' k9 {* G/ j) u
/* display some text */
) e7 \, l' H" K& e8 Z$ j6 Souttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 
, ^% N0 P( |: O6 v/* clean up */
1 b- \, C `9 d) U" p7 Y4 ?& ~getch(); ; V2 p: c2 j2 X: y/ P3 M
closegraph(); 9 A1 q+ ^6 [) I' V7 p
return 0; ( ^; C8 {9 J9 [1 ]6 X
} ' {5 C0 c4 x c; s
/ _. Z, j8 X% K% k! C+ J

, D' f2 `$ y3 q1 c函数名: setvisualpage 
: K q5 a+ I" Q" Z6 z9 v2 N1 E功能: 设置可见图形页号
! j$ r# y8 S* ~7 ^用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); 8 d( Z* j! Q3 R4 t7 z% f
程序例: 
; N! O* t/ f4 t& C7 V6 K#include <GRAPHICS.H>" E+ V0 c* V% Z3 n' @; |: |7 m: k. t
#include <STDLIB.H>
3 m+ B) `2 T% W1 P#include <STDIO.H>
9 ]/ k% f S; L0 f# j#include <CONIO.H>& i* A( n5 x+ m i L3 |
int main(void) x* H. h, M' _8 J Z
{ 5 v( d& `, @4 e) D
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
% }' m' r1 o3 ~' N# M5 h9 h/* multiple pages. */ # o# I- o0 }3 J2 I! _6 i- q
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; 8 |. ?2 i5 W1 L# x0 F. i4 L
int x, y, ht; 1 k- W5 d! \2 F% |2 u
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ * q! _ i* y" w7 Z8 M
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); " Z( e+ o. \1 ~, W
/* read result of initialization */ 9 N3 x9 C+ s b" f6 h
errorcode = graphresult();
- P1 M$ w2 @" Z1 e" L: Y* Gif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 6 l0 @1 T$ U+ G9 @! j
{ ( O: e# l6 v* r: }* l- N
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); y! `) s) \/ C' x3 r! k" q( l
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ! f' ]$ L0 T6 F9 f3 i! Y4 S
getch();
' _- R: Q6 H) t: m- L3 c; Fexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 2 H' u6 U! X; x, t8 w( @5 P( I5 D
} 8 U0 S5 r* f) J* T, o
x = getmaxx() / 2;
5 U, u+ }* b5 _/ ay = getmaxy() / 2;
' d9 V- Z4 E! u) pht = textheight("W"); 
' ~( t e6 X1 h) R! J# S7 l" U/* select the off screen page for drawing */
* T: [) K7 U, bsetactivepage(1); 
 q2 \; Z5 M. {/ a0 O; c/* draw a line on page #1 */
1 ~+ I" Z, S2 |1 k$ Y$ k' i7 Sline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
) ]9 x7 \( `, H$ y) V( D/* output a message on page #1 */
# ?$ m5 f" M! N/ U' k% l: Lsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 9 c4 Y- l3 s3 v
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:"); " S; k9 d& H2 e7 A% l$ ~" l Q* M
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 9 q; I& \9 ~- d6 w
/* select drawing to page #0 */ $ I4 e o2 r' e
setactivepage(0); 6 u! q B( A# \
/* output a message on page #0 */
+ V0 Z. m- l0 N aouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); 1 x7 c4 j; m- D# |7 I) }& @
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
) c' h! Q% [* C2 d3 W X b) B- Hgetch(); 
# S3 O5 |6 |( d+ h5 c! w1 |/* select page #1 as the visible page */ # b+ V5 ~2 q/ V( y
setvisualpage(1); 3 x* Z5 Y1 p8 H# P* c
/* clean up */ . n6 F# G2 l, j" d; x, |
getch(); $ d- i( u" ?( D7 ~& }9 q
closegraph(); 8 `, [) R& [# n3 S; p+ U
return 0;
( S( ?; C& t( W" ?% e- J* G' a0 j} 
6 S4 A& D& F% S9 I* C; z l( `2 v) y; L1 @6 l

# Y& f& n% b. z( ^8 v函数名: setwritemode & b# Z8 n' [* }1 q: }0 z
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 , L U" B% w) L
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); * H! G' D- c9 d) }6 h; T
程序例: 
/ m8 K, ]$ |8 w; ]#include <GRAPHICS.H>
 s4 ]" W! |; J, s @#include <STDLIB.H>/ D" y2 |& f* V* c' d
#include <STDIO.H>
) X. e5 E! q7 j& R9 z#include <CONIO.H>' }1 E7 Z) t9 \7 D4 y1 @
int main() ' s( {4 k5 T5 a o5 T
{ ' a) P* R- u3 u6 C5 V
/* request auto detection */
! L1 I8 V4 V+ _, _9 h2 ^int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
: m. e7 K/ x; z( l0 D# _$ aint xmax, ymax; ; m( [$ E3 j& f( z* v$ H
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" _' G" R' H4 n4 E& Winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , {* ^, @* O2 X S0 T1 D6 p
/* read result of initialization */
/ O6 _! p2 y, C( k* U" Kerrorcode = graphresult();
6 D7 t" E! K& M) Q5 K% \6 Nif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- h/ Q- S! p8 S& ]9 C$ X{ $ _' n6 o* _9 A) Z# m! r/ ^: u
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 3 V' p0 L! D3 {, K
printf("Press any key to halt:");
* a/ q: X' p) g. Q" Bgetch();
8 G- ]8 E( S9 F( N! W1 Rexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) ], T' s9 h2 M1 Y+ O
} - H9 r( N W2 K2 U* e( O& a9 B
xmax = getmaxx();
: w# l# D o- q- D% K+ wymax = getmaxy(); 
$ ?: ]& o: F- ?/ M& b7 X/* select XOR drawing mode */
0 \0 d' ^' R( _' w S0 Wsetwritemode(XOR_PUT); ( c4 w& y: r$ R6 s: V, h8 q
/* draw a line */
8 I3 o7 d; Z$ f, ]line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); ' G* a, T- O/ z3 |# T# | f0 ]5 P
getch(); 
0 ]* ?/ Q2 Z7 x2 J/* erase the line by drawing over it */
% }) `" [( A, T+ Iline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
) |4 _" ?8 k3 y+ m: o5 E* ~* ?8 ]getch(); 9 q/ |- Z* [1 o+ V9 f# d& N; o; V
/* select overwrite drawing mode */ 7 }5 p% h/ G2 A
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); 
& O8 o3 `+ ]3 P- R* X9 G! q- T G/* draw a line */
( i( U5 \# z8 @3 Y/ x Lline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); ; Z+ O5 C. @; V
/* clean up */
! V& R7 I& l }; G, kgetch();
& n+ @. f+ x) ^0 t* Oclosegraph(); 7 } w: O3 N. [% o6 z' H
return 0;
- j1 r( }& i# W0 j; N" G' {( ~% }: O} , e" E& @- \. l) f$ j' E5 @

* g( E3 c# J7 H: T7 R: B" H1 Z
函数名: signal 1 e, ^- q8 X5 M5 ?% e q
功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
# F1 t3 z) w! s9 n F用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); 9 p0 Z5 ~& D9 e
程序例: ) L9 R* p q! K) T' U. g6 M, O
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, 3 U0 [) A) A6 I1 ~
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment 4 }: q5 o: \0 L9 ^! P% c; L
to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause & q7 l' I- W$ ]$ Y5 P. c$ C
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors - T# S- |' l* ?% M3 d4 _" F
depending on which memory model is used.
" L p; {& N: P" [ j% S*/ ! {( i- `$ P2 x6 z* n
#pragma inline
4 t" l' S8 t& B) \" c" D0 c#include <STDIO.H>
( Q1 J- ]9 n7 G1 X+ }$ h#include <SIGNAL.H>8 U. m' }6 V+ _9 K/ q% r, [ D% M
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
" ?! F/ i% v) C4 n, O2 i: C{ 1 F3 X, n n( k
printf("Caught it!\n"); ) ?. W3 H, B) t- ]5 S
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
* ~' l7 \2 L1 i} . [. {& y2 N- g
int main(void) " J( K) \( }& y" |; L
{ : c& ~% e3 J0 \0 b
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
( h6 X: {0 Z3 y$ Iasm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
4 c: z- F( |: e8 T0 Wasm inc ax /* cause overflow */ 8 d* O" i' k V% r* R. Y9 W
asm into /* activate handler */ 
1 }, ~+ B f, t+ V k4 d d/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
: ?- Z. ~1 k9 Q$ O5 b$ L8 qthere would have been another exception when the next 'into'
# |3 X: G4 x/ Cwas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ ; F5 k0 B& t: r8 V- ~) ]9 L
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */ " {5 G5 ], S2 Y% j7 N; [* T% y
asm into /* doesn't activate */
2 c' x) v; J0 H% `' Qreturn 0; V, [% D! |' _
}
3 D1 m# h9 M2 @2 A' r {* ]* f9 b/ e0 y
) A/ e( {4 S( F5 b4 \- M5 [- ?% v

2 a% l: S' z1 j' d" J. X函数名: sin 
( j* {% z$ e D0 E- v. l" A功能: 正弦函数 # A. }$ v- }- P1 P6 e7 _
用法: double sin(double x);
$ x. N2 J7 o& ^; }程序例: 
- h2 ? D; k7 b8 q; H#include <STDIO.H>
* u) j' h N0 @#include <MATH.H>* ]4 J3 C0 L( x5 S; P1 D, v& g
int main(void)
* a4 F2 a0 @. L6 u{ 3 Y( u! M9 E# ^6 n
double result, x = 0.5; , r3 ^. U; q& t
result = sin(x); 1 {/ C+ x$ X: \$ G2 d+ i
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
' \+ a7 R- P$ h9 E4 ureturn 0;
' E0 Y% G j& K `$ p: b7 V} + X: p* Z. R( }' j- ~

! l% f7 ? z- S( H; H8 i2 m, Y7 L0 [6 ] m( | u3 Z. v
函数名: sinh ; ?# S9 n/ F3 |" I- f- Q& N, B
功能: 双曲正弦函数 # s$ a) f% w" \
用法: double sinh(double x);
4 Y4 Y4 H9 H4 a+ N程序例: 
- R7 q. y$ b6 P ~#include <STDIO.H>8 j8 n" }- o0 |. d2 I/ A8 X
#include <MATH.H>$ c/ E8 g2 q- |! p) U, g" S$ B
int main(void) ! G' N* w7 t8 I* s X. ^
{ " W& _+ L$ H9 t- f. G
double result, x = 0.5; 
' ^$ Q! s9 h' W: p% oresult = sinh(x);
0 p2 b2 j" |# Q/ N2 U$ Z" D \8 pprintf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 9 @& i4 U2 q. }+ @- ]9 D0 M
return 0;
9 a7 e( q& K. c, |7 ?' X$ z}
6 f- [% Z6 t& n) O% j% V/ c
9 g1 P R/ L; Y* M5 I2 p
 x: q% N# k6 G* K
2 F+ E: { y* o Y9 f0 ^! \( X1 P函数名: sleep 
! R/ r9 W- y9 G: p) f功能: 执行挂起一段时间
9 b0 q i0 t6 @6 s/ @2 h8 \& \4 m用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); 1 r9 f: ^! h$ k; X! F @% P+ @. o, w
程序例: 
) s# n+ @+ b7 L+ Y+ K#include <DOS.H>9 b+ o4 p3 D# H; s
#include <STDIO.H>1 l& c) G9 v. A. }8 D
int main(void) 3 Z9 K& M4 q; H8 B# x
{ 3 D# X) P- Q8 {8 S, m* {6 W! @
int i; 
) c8 `" v' k) e! ifor (i=1; i<5; i++)
4 \' e" K: C8 o& W* j{
& w0 s ^2 x* k* F* |9 B& V! `printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i);
2 Q# `3 j" ?) W5 s; O1 J! t) Gsleep(i);
% V% b, t+ N: h0 E} : Y/ [- h2 r" X- r: }( \8 m/ ]& I" b- m
return 0;
! H) M9 ` }4 K}
5 f# Y* y4 m; B, \( v& X4 L; D2 k% E/ b

& r, e* H2 ]- S5 u: U4 ~# `* \5 _# K. @8 n+ W
函数名: sopen 
0 w6 G6 J% H" W9 W8 Q# |/ J5 A功能: 打开一共享文件 0 O2 A @" t$ x* ?5 k* h4 F1 H' L. P
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
: D! Y( v! h* r- W/ g程序例: ( X4 P& ]/ Q8 t" m- }* {7 `
#include <IO.H>8 X; ~: K& w# A' ^% @
#include <FCNTL.H>1 S4 Y; G1 r @. ?0 s* `" C P5 {; E
#include <SYS\STAT.H>! e7 H* q& D# C$ s Z
#include <PROCESS.H>
# { G, j9 O/ H, u- [8 y#include <SHARE.H>; F& O2 I; n C) f# l& k! }" d% _
#include <STDIO.H>( n- O3 U" |; b& h2 l1 ]1 H7 a
int main(void)
, |7 N1 v! i0 e- N/ F3 ^{
, |3 T) n% i @: _/ qint handle;
 ]1 O9 o% T, q Fint status; 
) K+ Q* H4 K* j& ^! Whandle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 6 {* m1 a8 y" k# ?5 U
if (!handle) 9 e6 {* Z* y1 ]' w
{ ! \$ L4 A9 D/ A3 W2 T
printf("sopen failed\n"); & S5 ]& D: s$ D& j9 e8 [- V# L! D% [
exit(1);
" `5 ^% k& _, [/ ]: a& f} 
# w' L, d1 C, ]( fstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
, W/ n' G. f8 c7 O0 M+ N: k6 ?if (status == 0) 2 k' Y2 l$ E9 _! C0 j n$ g
printf("read/write access allowed\n");
5 s. J+ B1 z0 A# v- _else
& h* X* y: `) i' }4 fprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
( A$ w( ^5 o. Oclose(handle); + y9 H& S& O% n2 M1 x% e
return 0; # H; A' i2 C( k. H- e( [0 J
}
- ~; e* H+ |& B" x1 ~# q( X6 t; C
6 Y# v4 u' W* [- Q3 i% U
) e5 $ U I) ?) b$ o" g& X$ q, K
函数名: sound 
 k( z! R9 s0 q3 Y. y, e功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
' L9 ]: U G3 V9 r {6 y& e用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
 k/ p% ~3 n- k0 Q/ A8 P( I程序例: 0 ?6 Q! S7 [" $ L. ^: s1 ^
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. . X4 h7 c' ~: F. y v3 r
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ ( T" V5 b3 `* e7 v
#include <DOS.H>
6 ~8 ]7 ]& d1 j4 H# ?! T; sint main(void) 6 M+ V& u% q, y# P6 C ]# H2 L
{ ) w4 ^, C% A @/ [' a( s* Q7 S: |
sound(7); 7 Q) n7 Q4 }# j
delay(10000); ' J, E. u% E$ M K* G6 m7 r
nosound();
* s. ^/ N5 L _7 ?9 n. qreturn 0;
 i7 h( z/ \$ x: h) I) g" {2 V} 
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0 M. q, j L$ B* G8 q- g) N' ^) n2 G3 L
& z% b/ u2 d" V5 D3 i
函数名: spawnl 
& u6 m3 l1 }# s! m3 S功能: 创建并运行子程序
' D8 [0 s% E* V4 {) F/ x用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 3 f K$ L4 \- H% I) j# w
arg1, ... argn, NULL); " j' z7 X( Y# {! G# w
程序例: ) L% I% N6 t0 N: @
#include <PROCESS.H>0 w, K6 `0 E" T0 D% k! U! M
#include <STDIO.H> }- O7 D- E" S f
#include <CONIO.H> U1 X/ t+ d. [3 r* w; {7 U$ k
int main(void)
! n# K* Q* F6 \# @. r- K8 d, W. C7 G{
6 h6 ^" y" D/ ^1 {) {3 V6 Vint result; ( T# Z7 Z1 Y7 g$ H$ `2 I
clrscr();
, E; S ]9 g1 u# {) Kresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL);
9 L. y- I' `0 V* |if (result == -1)
# v& r' ~- K0 G) Q0 F{ / S9 E# j$ C& ^& y0 z4 o
perror("Error from spawnl");
) _2 a4 v3 k/ u1 m- o% E W& ^exit(1);
2 |5 s1 ?- V' M. K}
" |) p1 N- w5 ^4 m2 B2 k: M$ ireturn 0;
/ x5 [9 I0 u; b}
 g" E# W- E0 [7 F
) ^& D3 `. z, C' o* [
0 u7 r" O; Z" `函数名: spawnle 
, y" | q' ^4 T- H功能: 创建并运行子程序 ! s5 F; g6 m- S5 u/ T
用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
- |0 K3 z) \3 f8 f. Q( T1 Iarg1,..., argn, NULL);
. x& F* Y. M U' o T程序例: 
0 c) C; f. E! `* J) }/* spawnle() example */ 
" q3 y/ ]! [, r) O+ y8 E8 `#include <PROCESS.H>& F- N) R! |2 ]
#include <STDIO.H>( N* L T/ w7 `9 k( j; A
#include <CONIO.H>
4 Q& `% Y7 P3 `5 ]+ Zint main(void)
) g @, P0 K$ E+ ]' j' Q5 j. N{ 7 T% L! E. q: i/ L9 s( e
int result; 
" J( f6 X }$ O$ y% t4 p# H1 S) Cclrscr(); ) x; A' A$ A/ R$ b! }9 `
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
( J8 ^* G& }9 {if (result == -1) 9 Q$ l' @/ {& U9 l. u1 n
{
3 P {2 B* ~5 _, Vperror("Error from spawnle");
# Y/ v3 a9 ]- l2 Z. ?7 xexit(1);
! e, w y r. V3 Z, j2 U/ h}
5 `. R' D. F! s1 |( ]return 0;
+ ]! O0 c, ~$ I$ n1 \}
1 l( l, ?! S9 O8 \& [& Z' @3 D" J3 h. B9 S( d& A
0 z( L$ j) T: g% ^% O. `

! q2 p$ Z8 e1 q; _. Z$ [) k$ G# W3 b+ X函数名: sprintf 
5 Z0 ~- t6 X% z7 ~, ?! f功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 # R/ R% b: u( Z l2 d, L+ @6 j
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]);
 N& l% n- Z* e4 B$ r程序例: 5 j1 ^ K* e3 r H
#include <STDIO.H>
+ y) T8 [% K( H* B9 }! s: s% i#include <MATH.H>) S& B6 W! U; n" R: K5 y( w# u+ J
int main(void) 5 P; Z. O/ m8 I
{ - }, u1 M' ?9 o) r. L, g
char buffer[80]; 
3 V) f4 ^+ R& hsprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
4 Y" L6 A7 D* o, |/ `puts(buffer);
9 c. j% C& o R- \% Mreturn 0; 4 _# K) g6 e$ B2 e
} & U' F* b s9 g8 W

3 d& J, z( Q- L: k, y9 h
" F1 p$ b1 y" o i* T函数名: sqrt 
$ T5 y! D( ~, e5 I ~0 g: J: q功能: 计算平方根 q. t& Z6 L1 U `) w+ F
用法: double sqrt(double x);
- L( w* b6 U1 ?1 Y5 x程序例: 
* P5 q* U) t, H# ?) `#include <MATH.H>$ A, I1 Y- |% D6 q' j) E$ ~# N$ S9 s
#include <STDIO.H>* |9 C- V$ \: B( `
int main(void) 5 S8 m5 f/ `/ ]3 ~! g5 T
{ 2 k( b; }) y5 G
double x = 4.0, result; 
. ]9 u9 A4 q, M! c% gresult = sqrt(x); 5 [1 v! Q3 t5 K# u Z3 a% q; |( Y
printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); - m8 Z" H0 Q1 `- S
return 0; % X! ]$ G- E+ H, X
} 3 K5 g" E% t- E; X
" I+ P! K5 i# B. H' V; G
函数名: srand 
5 o g# e" w) w2 W1 n功能: 初始化随机数发生器 % X' E! y9 W. `9 J7 f" u4 ^$ ~
用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
2 b0 l% X) m: b( j程序例: / ^6 V3 o6 s) \0 E- `2 E
#include <STDLIB.H>
$ C g9 x9 o9 D5 c5 Y# T#include <STDIO.H>, O: u4 h% M* m! [5 y2 N
#include <TIME.H>0 ?1 w( ]9 ^+ P. J
int main(void) " K9 Z) [6 S/ q4 v, C- k: c
{
$ e6 ~1 N% B0 O4 }5 w, nint i; 5 |) X/ ]1 ~( i1 {) e
time_t t; 8 {3 n9 L' D; P+ R
srand((unsigned) time(&t));
+ Z: T; D5 ~) B. V4 _! H+ W; Yprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
" @/ j+ b) T( P# C6 Y' ifor(i=0; i<10; i++) . l/ Z' q3 d$ Y" a4 e; G* Z3 u& P
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); ( A3 g: }: a' O
return 0; ( }. d( S1 |% ~
} 2 f/ B# Q7 X9 z0 k# C* h5 H; S

' G1 O; Y+ g- r' r H' M
" c+ m. @% N; C5 D L6 g9 T; f* C函数名: sscanf 
+ [" |% @1 Q$ x2 f2 v7 d. W功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
7 F) k$ H; r; v! D4 Z% @0 q用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); 9 j. Y: X7 a0 h, F# S" A# F0 V8 m* j
程序例: 3 _ o- x* ?6 |
#include <STDIO.H>
) i B( J9 E. o& O9 J' l& L) n#include <CONIO.H>, V/ d" t8 }) b; E8 F: a4 z, D
int main(void)
1 \: w6 h; a0 m: L{ 2 l& ^: p8 Q: o$ n& q* T
char label[20]; . |) \7 u( P! u4 ?" h
char name[20]; # B. C) q% \. X* \& U
int entries = 0;
0 j7 n5 u& E' Z' yint loop, age;
* c% V: @9 O/ X* T8 E. o. s& q! q1 q; Wdouble salary; 4 L8 `$ _" ~9 L7 e' P
struct Entry_struct
& Z8 o: L; D( [; v6 @8 v" E( _{
3 O( I0 D# H% [, uchar name[20];
6 F" L {+ H7 C" X9 j7 i/ }int age; - k/ x& j* t% x6 u" T
float salary; 6 \* T+ _% b2 t: ?% y& M$ A
} entry[20]; . w3 M- T/ G8 g' i
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
# h" h" F+ z6 a( N8 `printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); 9 w1 m1 t2 t, H7 ]$ l0 P. a) A$ G, N
scanf("%20s", label);
9 p2 F+ Z0 A4 H- v' ufflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
& k8 c0 `! v; i9 O6 S/* Input number of entries as an integer */ 0 C! w1 U9 o4 @$ [% Y" G% ?, O
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); , v N8 E. S- ^/ @9 S( b+ s3 S
scanf("%d", &entries);
) l }8 v R0 c) b( a0 Sfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 3 E; k1 |( Z) I
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
2 ]7 K' W, v4 t- p( Mfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
' _- l+ R; n1 Q* L o) a: l# a { ' t: Z9 H; r3 ]. H' Z2 E" u
printf("Entry %d\n", loop); 7 n9 a% x7 e5 m+ _
printf(" Name : ");
" m/ @& t9 ]# |( x; |scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
# ~% i' r) Z. Y4 q& C7 {fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
7 j( J" e& s8 m* D+ M" Z I/* input an age as an integer */
( I) c0 u: T" b: ?2 u/ G# \printf(" Age : "); ; ^7 i" m2 N5 H% O9 m
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
; _- O" P# P0 V+ r- K; _; j, Rfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ . b ^0 ]: K% Z+ v8 E
/* input a salary as a float */
8 g# F9 I) f( z* A. Mprintf(" Salary : ");
/ t: t4 F: r" ?( G# V n- e( G4 uscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); + \8 ] K# A2 z @5 N/ W
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 0 Y; m- e1 j. I6 |% k4 k
} : }* H1 p* Q; v8 [/ U
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
0 V* G$ L" e" v% Dprintf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
$ e4 W" j; P5 S1 bscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
) q1 H0 i( u( N$ V) I; j: M% E5 h7 u( m9 l: N# s
/* Print out the data that was input */ 9 d) a) b9 @0 ~5 R
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
* S% q1 g3 K7 V! k, }/ x! Nprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
/ W& P0 C- y% ^4 M0 sprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); $ `2 D$ n3 j' K5 F; @$ i' @
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
8 q4 ?* F9 r0 k; f printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", & K+ w4 L8 ~: A* {0 f
loop + 1, 4 i& o. n( m- [. D$ S
entry[loop].name,
4 E2 f% o" Z2 T1 B( yentry[loop].age, ; v. K+ d4 L. R
entry[loop].salary); * X5 l( H6 \2 h* U+ j, L- C
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 8 [1 K5 R6 W: T n, B" Z
return 0;
 f& s/ q# j+ B0 a}
3 v: o) o( T0 K9 P5 V
" i/ I9 l2 W& D' z& U' _9 Q$ G4 k5 c; H$ R
函数名: stat $ z! C+ O/ o0 r$ L4 p
功能: 读取打开文件信息
5 u5 I' ?5 y6 U% M/ M6 w用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
9 g& H8 t. W4 j2 t+ F1 t7 E! X程序例: 3 N6 g8 H- J# u$ Y/ s
#include <SYS\STAT.H>4 w; B* L# F: J
#include <STDIO.H>
4 ^. V# b( m# g5 e$ d5 b#include <TIME.H> J J1 |& B' z; }* [, l- O
#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" & Z3 ?! a! v0 p# O( Q
int main(void) : _0 m; a6 \4 l2 ^, u$ n
{
- s( X# d# [/ ?" {$ _, `' g0 Pstruct stat statbuf; ' v( E, x. h# m: l8 t: f! r
FILE *stream; 
3 h% b @0 I6 n/* open a file for update */ . N5 l$ D4 F9 G
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) 6 U& v% G( Y3 t' g
{
; ]! S" Q9 `* t: u. {: c! Sfprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
. t3 P4 }; N! [) `9 Breturn(1); ) [( D5 d: R; m( e0 x" j1 D O5 ]
} 7 _2 ~( u' _( ]# v3 Y4 Y+ V# \
/* get information about the file */
 R! v' Z9 [! hstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 
$ x7 x. i& o5 P( n Afclose(stream); 7 T. S& b0 ^; u, D* E
/* display the information returned */
* r: z: z* N# s1 c; P; @- Sif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) ! R, e0 w8 |- [( o3 \8 e
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n");
* n5 Z8 a" y3 \; G) X4 [. T( K1 Gif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
. e* Z1 H- J: h; V# X: |6 cprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n");
7 z! M, A( T1 `7 pif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) 2 c5 z+ f6 U6 J* d1 d7 J
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
/ r8 O# O! o! o7 r( Lif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) ( q7 K5 s9 k M# X% o" A
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
3 \$ X' c) p5 d$ V( B! k6 bprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
5 I8 u0 R( C4 O& p' aprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); / H% g/ G! K5 \& Y4 c5 l
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
; Q! m! [0 J" n+ n' l# W1 Lreturn 0; " r( H3 i/ h0 D# x! N& }
}
0 p* C% a. v m' U1 u7 H; z4 E5 r
) M8 i4 `% ]' f' l. I& ]
! t+ ^2 [, m5 g
函数名: _status87 - Y" |7 P8 R3 Q, l' O6 D. _, n
功能: 取浮点状态
( j9 i8 m, a. ^: _用法: unsigned int _status87(void); 8 o6 L s% ]( d7 O- c; Q& t8 E
程序例: 8 r: B+ n2 w3 d, ]
#include <STDIO.H>) y" }, A( W" W
#include <FLOAT.H>, p# @ F8 z4 t/ b
int main(void) * Q/ @& x0 w- \
{ 7 i* p' J9 G! a3 L4 ?6 {6 H
float x;
1 }6 q! U! P0 W: M. a0 Gdouble y = 1.5e-100; / f1 T/ \6 X, Q2 Z1 x' ^
printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 
; \- U. X+ w5 w% f! Z) L' lx = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
& S* b% q: x0 ay = x; 
3 u( {+ V+ V/ k: ~printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
/ k" w- Y/ k/ S# M& vreturn 0;
" X( E0 C1 `! h+ f% u. K0 ^$ l* U% v, t} / f+ K3 u. Y& j: g7 z3 M: a7 L
7 x, q& }* H! c

7 e8 ]7 O( h& p( s6 x* A; C1 L函数名: stime / e6 H2 @! Q6 [
功能: 设置时间
6 ^0 q! W, W& W' `+ [% t% @用法: int stime(long *tp);
* P& W/ h7 U' R. |1 j: Q. m1 _+ S程序例: & j, \. b' h# h$ {% i
#include <STDIO.H>
7 p* s: _; k/ C4 V0 W4 Q! T+ }#include <TIME.H>" ~/ Y; f5 z Q. I& `
#include <DOS.H>
0 Q4 ]: l& e4 J& W; Lint main(void) , G( o0 D6 p; n
{ 7 Y: W5 j( x+ K( Q; |
time_t t;
 W- Q0 ?5 W2 c) q7 s8 kstruct tm *area; % s' A. u( j' p% `& O* v J0 O T
t = time(NULL);
4 q% c9 l& i. ~* r$ Y+ s+ }9 V" a: farea = localtime(&t); 7 B: K2 ~1 ~, M9 p% s( r% `
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
3 n/ Y- w6 }: n- b( Y( f5 I$ v& eprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); F9 }$ y) _3 @1 r
t++; & f' Q9 S* Q3 f( K& `" y3 N4 P$ O ?
area = localtime(&t); / j" P) {8 b" g+ c5 Q
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 4 f1 u7 t- x1 ?& p X
t += 60; 3 o/ d- d4 K5 g2 |$ M/ b+ X$ f1 Y. G
area = localtime(&t);
# Q8 c' v6 Z9 t/ A% }printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 7 \" @" r' W' x' i, x
t += 3600;
6 N$ G1 O0 {0 y; h/ G8 _area = localtime(&t);
9 ?& ?4 e r- j: t2 I" C, h- Q& [! yprintf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); ; K2 S; f" F3 c% n* q$ K
t += 86400L; * t. Y; s& E2 M' R2 r# y
area = localtime(&t);
$ d6 B d, g8 Bprintf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); . E4 e3 I: f- `! F7 i* y8 A$ h; N1 j
t += 2592000L; - C% D& `0 ?% C* Z3 \
area = localtime(&t);
5 p) J: x, q/ e# A$ ^9 t* \) Aprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); {1 u. B2 t9 |; M* z& F
t += 31536000L; ; \1 z% _9 R4 m/ \% S
area = localtime(&t); ! q1 f, z: m8 \! O1 i, a4 b3 v
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); 8 Y) e1 _5 ?) X
return 0;
0 F* L$ L9 _: c; }" L8 b} 1 k p& G. h7 h5 U# A ?

+ b- v: G0 m4 X h9 }& P% t, I0 v( B
& Q. m3 W$ A% U- [' Q
函数名: stpcpy 1 c* ?# r: w" A- P
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
8 M3 N% l' r i5 M& P( {0 `用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); / i- v0 |5 [9 ~& k7 E0 ^
程序例: 
1 f, ^$ A: {5 w- B#include <STDIO.H>. s6 ^; H. e* z. n. \
#include <STRING.H>+ v, c0 p. Z, U5 a2 N
int main(void)
3 L. I! `* V, T1 @ M! x{
* l+ O/ z8 T+ u4 } |char string[10]; 5 g% y+ ^' z% z: B& s! U
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; : }' Y5 ~6 t+ w9 s7 j
stpcpy(string, str1);
5 X3 w" I- ^. K& iprintf("%s\n", string); 8 D" m9 v. f8 y+ g$ {
return 0; " ?# l' n+ z) w4 E! [
}
1 {$ G; @: n+ X8 _. z( Z7 n- G) A4 n2 c4 i
/ N4 ~1 Y. d: \% g- x' d
 o6 Q( D: L! e+ r6 u! N
函数名: strcat 0 [, j; \( }2 g- V4 F" S
功能: 字符串拼接函数
, k6 O+ [+ L) g% G用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); 3 X: S: g) W+ T5 R) R2 Q* }
程序例: 
$ W# l9 F m% a& ]5 _1 Y8 F4 O+ J4 B#include <STRING.H>
/ r! ?; p' e1 v O3 l4 _" s#include <STDIO.H>
' r8 H. [" n$ h* W9 q9 Z" c# P7 F7 F5 Sint main(void)
& C- u& ]8 q. O' c{ . h) T+ }' T3 X9 f u
char destination[25]; / |& w. }- j( e8 d/ t1 N2 P) C6 O4 g
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
( w, P' A- d; ^* e( L: R# o j" Fstrcpy(destination, Borland); : R& a9 R6 r: ^3 C
strcat(destination, blank); ' |" @( p6 @- S: `
strcat(destination, c); 
2 O" r e& L8 q3 q+ p) k bprintf("%s\n", destination); & {, ]: @3 D/ U% V
return 0; / q' ]3 m0 b- r* R/ Y( O
}
; P5 }/ ~ n& \. \$ Y4 [9 Q4 R4 [8 L, l1 Q

) j, P2 o. i0 w+ Q7 H/ G% \9 u) D" ?# ~2 x. m+ e/ |
函数名: strchr ( p* _/ p& u6 D' `+ `, j
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ + H5 X1 B- S+ s
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); , x% Z. |& E9 h+ n) m
程序例: 
8 X2 t0 T( r; G7 B3 f#include <STRING.H>
' K; ?: b- ~7 K4 \, |8 E#include <STDIO.H>
; R- a) h& g0 N% eint main(void) ; H% g7 [, m% R7 E
{ 9 y; b7 K# j7 W, ^( s4 u8 I. N+ k
char string[15];
0 M8 n, s: {6 f1 Q& {$ Rchar *ptr, c = 'r'; 
( x2 R$ K! Q1 G5 t. ~- Bstrcpy(string, "This is a string"); ) V2 y4 H% e) F8 m( k3 x7 V
ptr = strchr(string, c);
' Z$ O8 D5 Q2 z+ Cif (ptr) & O) l" B" t1 l+ A3 D( U
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
' b1 \& O, Q4 t" \6 _. \else
printf("The character was not found\n"); & x8 H0 Y5 @0 K' v6 S9 E* f( ^
return 0; Y9 K! p* r4 ]
} 2 |7 {" i% x& R* x
) k0 Z! |3 V" S6 q1 K+ {

0 F$ {5 [$ n+ \ P) `# p) x# U. h7 W: @
函数名: strcmp ) m& v& I+ p$ B3 {0 V/ ?6 W
功能: 串比较 $ S& |& f: C3 {( [* u' _
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); 0 O# }* x# K. F A$ g- |
程序例: : p8 ^& C* y7 Q8 z5 `
#include <STRING.H>1 J$ M/ S- S! S9 S& Q9 ?! I
#include <STDIO.H>. L) ]8 A& F- y" T: q
int main(void) , i3 {6 G* R3 B2 @/ R4 T
{
) |3 }/ m- C' K" jchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
% b3 F8 \' s/ q3 J& ]6 ]/ |int ptr; ! Z$ R2 ~! @) g' y
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); $ u9 z% ~( W/ B% i
if (ptr > 0) 3 q) J5 W9 z2 s
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
' y% i) L) e$ P; Y0 `0 s* helse " N6 k* J5 @( n
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
9 F- C$ Q) R1 V, Uptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); - \0 q1 ]+ }% F2 T* b1 Y) C7 V
if (ptr > 0) 3 _: r% e2 r( ]# q6 {9 j
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
7 L/ W5 d" ^- Oelse
- B: R' ?- m2 q1 oprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
, u, c8 l/ d/ p5 f3 }return 0; " t1 X# O; a" Y! L+ o3 `
} ; G2 s$ s' H# T5 I% ]

5 d1 b( E% Z5 V5 m
3 `. T0 b. E( M5 @# k
# ?1 ]) \' m& l6 l函数名: strncmpi 6 W' z6 k0 W0 Y2 U. w- `2 B
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
6 q/ D7 O! E3 P5 ~4 C2 ~用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); ; d; l0 B; j4 J- b0 ?4 \6 X2 Q
程序例: ! o) e4 `# g" A3 ~
#include <STRING.H>' U8 M8 c# p& @; x- H- u4 A
#include <STDIO.H>0 m2 x* |5 A `
int main(void) 9 R5 r+ c5 E; R/ z0 u$ T
{
& X& X1 b0 v; z4 g5 dchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
$ e0 y# a+ ~) M3 }* G, S/ x4 Lint ptr; 2 H" P2 S) F* c1 a. F4 P$ `# ?
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
5 I+ K! m- _0 P( \if (ptr > 0)
4 t: ~2 ?. j7 ?' n2 I6 ~9 I% ~2 q, iprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); $ u& Q' |* H* o! _
if (ptr < 0) . N n2 u/ s( g( l4 ~6 ~
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
% i" h- D; m6 @if (ptr == 0) 9 T( z: i# Z+ L* r. t% n
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
7 H+ N4 s7 v8 ^3 x; X& Rreturn 0; 7 |3 y, f6 H8 b# ?
} / {7 i9 n" B2 K6 {1 B, I4 Y7 G9 F

2 Q8 L8 q% s- D3 A% P/ T4 k: H" D5 h9 } j
9 k$ Y3 }( ^7 b7 [
函数名: strcpy 
; b8 u( ?0 m, N+ u. |功能: 串拷贝 9 C' [2 \2 |3 p
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); , Z6 A# ~- y; O
程序例: 
3 |7 E- u1 d5 c: D#include <STDIO.H>& P8 m5 v1 o- H9 l1 F- [
#include <STRING.H>9 W- L& E1 ?: p3 ?" c7 C
int main(void) 3 ~, }% g e/ p9 _1 l4 q
{
0 i/ a/ [( f9 u9 q+ p+ achar string[10];
8 \; P8 ^4 {3 w% ~! C* Jchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
& c- U+ _1 \+ I8 ystrcpy(string, str1);
6 K& m8 Y$ g; K) Iprintf("%s\n", string);
; {0 j0 m- J' ], D- ~return 0; 4 g6 a p# U/ ^+ j! t0 X
}
) k5 Z F& d7 `) r, Q
. v( I: `! m3 G' D& k0 N7 ]+ _! W( F; J, `0 D3 M
1 s8 ^1 k7 f# B
函数名: strcspn 8 y9 E0 z8 Y$ t
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
: |( _# {2 m* z5 X用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); W4 w C+ J7 s" S3 p4 o' V
程序例: 
0 L7 R0 N2 K" V+ d#include <STDIO.H>$ b7 i! ^* D# x' F7 h8 k8 f) J! k1 \' H5 T
#include <STRING.H>5 _6 O3 S$ I* }
#include <ALLOC.H>
; P9 z2 X( J3 y$ P- Sint main(void)
% x" ^* |- r0 v! A) m9 R& w4 b{ 3 v8 g, T. U! e, I& Z& X
char *string1 = "1234567890"; 2 c) a( c+ C% |! D/ X5 V
char *string2 = "747DC8"; ; }$ }6 ]) {% l! s, @
int length; 
2 f6 w' Y' R) L8 s: H2 Jlength = strcspn(string1, string2);
7 h% O9 {. ^# d1 rprintf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
2 C3 m8 K% {( K* c; u: Areturn 0; $ b" [) @% } A! V) d: i. p# ?" u
} - T1 @& |( W7 ]( S
0 N' [3 e, Z+ _% m

/ i! d+ x% ~, y! |9 k
0 ?3 O6 H3 H7 ]% U函数名: strdup . R" \1 G9 d5 e- }. u6 F
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 , P' w" C% z6 _, h7 f# [: I: f3 u
用法: char *strdup(char *str);
% l1 l" ^/ s# @程序例: * g- q. Z$ l+ E/ P( W" H/ l
#include <STDIO.H>
! }6 b* a9 r3 W1 C& H' N+ e#include <STRING.H>
+ l( ]3 A% e/ E, v0 q8 T#include <ALLOC.H>) H) s# ^+ y. T
int main(void)
; Q$ m# z: e$ [{ " v1 J9 {' p9 A
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
8 t6 M9 w2 e/ F* b. S) \; adup_str = strdup(string); [% _* c" A; s
printf("%s\n", dup_str); % J- K9 q3 g6 R8 g/ f$ P
free(dup_str); & a- A8 C+ h3 w" P! U" M
return 0;
 E! U3 ]5 `/ E A* J}
! ?8 ]; w: Z0 |9 c8 e# d& }3 g
* y, X6 k! G1 ^ X- m) O. ^

: B, R- V, q) w' o+ Z8 J' s函数名: stricmp 
4 e, L; y. y: r) M4 \功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
+ i: ~* E3 Z L. R1 {用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); % t9 B4 x! A6 }+ s4 }0 M7 o
程序例: ! N A. T. O( I, T: q# `
#include <STRING.H>1 p9 U( ]2 c/ {& Y* W5 W
#include <STDIO.H>
" K, I& `8 t! ~7 uint main(void)
( @ N2 q f* }3 q* y$ G7 `9 x{
9 c) `( i. l% Q' Ichar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
" A1 n9 M% ?# M5 Q8 m ~int ptr; 
$ Y( ]: l, s J; j- E( T, ~: tptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
$ _6 v# s( x2 m/ b: L+ Y/ f+ Dif (ptr > 0)
8 L; Q" f1 ]3 y, Pprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); + G+ S% v+ T% p# i" j
if (ptr < 0)
$ R; z# N/ @2 Yprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); # V0 f n' E4 j6 G6 g/ ^' b
if (ptr == 0)
1 o! n( K# E7 e( ^2 }! {2 cprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); / q+ a6 G# P6 Z' Y1 t, O6 {
return 0; 3 U; \& p o8 N+ Q% p
}
% Y6 E& T4 y# n& |
# a" b d! H6 R. b E; N
7 I* A0 ^, z, G( l函数名: strerror 
! N/ W7 W! Q# c8 J& A; F功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 9 t) f: S6 l1 b- f1 n/ x# g
用法: char *strerror(int errnum); . c/ z9 ~; t- h9 g4 U& Y
程序例: / j* T5 A2 d, ^2 t) R
#include <STDIO.H>
! O: j0 V0 ^: q ^#include <ERRNO.H>: r# B$ y2 ]* v
int main(void)
! n. l+ W) I+ H& R/ `{ . @2 h7 m; j* g5 Y) q
char *buffer;
. C9 y7 R* g0 C1 wbuffer = strerror(errno); ?( O: J- e9 Q" c3 l' |
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
! e; ~ {" a" z( F3 zreturn 0;
! B: ]% B8 s% i e6 P* x: ?} 3 Q8 A6 L7 \9 [ r) k

4 G3 p2 X: X9 {1 e( J7 f4 o3 y/ D, n4 K7 V9 P8 C

/ v% Z4 T G; L, w函数名: strcmpi 8 J- F( H. s2 Q
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
" H$ t; @# K4 k; u# W2 j用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
1 ~3 \ {. _ I4 j0 ~: d% S程序例: * K0 M! T5 \6 c" ?4 X F1 r
#include <STRING.H>
0 S: h- [" n# n/ j#include <STDIO.H>
: A( i9 q& [5 F; a; aint main(void)
1 i& J) @/ ]7 p$ g{
! l! E# h: k% F; a/ |3 ~char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
- k4 {- s. V& x% [, x6 Pint ptr; H1 a9 R2 P: y) x; l7 H0 x) {( U
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
 v" d g V S7 h* ]7 Xif (ptr > 0)
3 D0 _4 o& e& x2 t: ]" i3 [printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
8 N! o u! I' d/ |) gif (ptr < 0) * {1 [! y2 F2 _( G: O# m9 U* d) ]
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); % `! I2 r4 _, p; E
if (ptr == 0)
, p; R+ ?' ?7 Zprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 9 z. G& x; s" C: ]. ?; w
return 0; : Q! L& `; b' T8 g( ]7 k; n
}
. l5 V$ Q% H# l% l' u5 A/ z0 [6 H A+ V/ k& K2 M

8 e# Y% b1 q3 J
. k0 p0 T/ g- O$ R% N5 X" D3 k+ V函数名: strncmp & f; e0 r/ t/ B) Q# S" W- i- P
功能: 串比较 ' y' }% Z) P7 P7 @
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
. i; U" @* ?9 y' F3 x2 ^程序例: $ i4 v+ y$ R2 g3 K- k7 \6 E
#include <STRING.H>
: z5 s4 \- B" p% J#include <STDIO.H>) {$ ^% }8 r7 H, f) G: S, _3 G
int main(void) 
9 Y" L4 S: j4 b1 f) |{ % Y- f7 _$ L) ~0 U Q* ^, V A2 x) z
char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
5 D8 i8 y" a3 [int ptr; $ }% e; r/ t3 Q" Q+ f
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); / F- g) O6 k8 S% R
if (ptr > 0) / U1 c+ h% o* V: y- a" f
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
7 n0 F+ Q/ b' w- S* D; Velse 4 G0 B2 X( K( m5 n& u/ h ?
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
- T3 j; ?* H% x3 {/ m5 l0 Zptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3); ) n$ o: f; n2 {: @4 H* g
if (ptr > 0) 7 v' f0 d2 E- j. U% x7 c
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
/ e& l0 j% p+ i9 e/ S5 _else
1 e# [" a$ o9 k: fprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); & R. ^- f' z1 m
return(0); ( i- @1 t" [. t$ ]' x
} ' G' `/ K4 r) w( _

8 E6 u- g6 \8 [
* _ Z* m1 f3 O; z5 B7 u函数名: strncmpi 
7 `9 v2 d1 W; k8 z6 |, y9 E% f功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 , X9 z% A4 H" A {$ H/ q
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); : ~) {: o- ~4 i& R
程序例: 
* k" d) }/ w+ ?( `& ?* [( j#include <STRING.H>
2 x! j. E' i* s( o#include <STDIO.H>
' K! n/ A5 [6 K. i+ v9 X# Pint main(void) - F4 I/ I1 G' {& R1 P
{ $ Z" |7 \, f: t2 i/ \! i
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
9 V* h9 }$ S2 _, sint ptr; + ]8 D W X* N7 @
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); , e' E) q `! o' H7 U
if (ptr > 0)
7 w' T% K% a9 |printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
2 V; p6 @6 R- w5 n& O0 jif (ptr < 0)
! t/ Y. j P- \$ @: Qprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); / s9 M3 o1 _/ m0 e0 f' L" W5 E& M
if (ptr == 0) " l' ~: g4 {" s8 S0 Q+ z7 O
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 6 y3 \, s9 o) ]5 k( c
return 0; 5 ?/ I5 Q7 b4 S5 A, p$ T. ^8 m
}
# [/ p4 g! K- }; S2 m3 }4 N- {( l" q/ ~$ C/ T, \

% W# }- c4 N! S& H! u% ~. Q函数名: strncpy 
1 @7 Y1 _* w3 f* d. V功能: 串拷贝
9 U0 D2 p9 z [" e用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
- Q% J$ E, {: w) w0 @" }程序例: 
 T7 c" \* x& w) v1 [#include <STDIO.H>
1 X0 @ K' [4 [: v2 J- B7 z" S. F#include <STRING.H># E6 a* V5 `- j/ ~" H
int main(void)
) Z, q, p( X0 F& z F! L{
9 U( k9 X( c7 G2 A! }char string[10];
1 E8 n7 z5 s/ n, m Y! K6 Dchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 2 D+ y% w% V* V; N
strncpy(string, str1, 3);
' \2 J! s; R6 x" vstring[3] = '\0'; ( Z" {8 R7 ^( i) f8 [2 G
printf("%s\n", string); ' R3 ~7 x9 m- L6 T8 y9 o9 `! w0 [8 a
return 0;
: \4 I; Y( [& R! [& A1 Y} % M8 Q& U8 z8 R& `- } |1 ]0 X7 j

$ R/ l- E9 v! S0 [1 v# O
% B: C- N; M8 d5 z函数名: strnicmp 
/ o! l8 S2 C9 ^4 O1 v3 X功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 w2 ]; c8 [% _ J! F, O& q
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
4 Q7 s' M9 w! J# s) f程序例: 
7 v# n3 A6 M6 r9 l- y/ e+ y#include <STRING.H>
 x2 l D/ ?3 u8 U D6 L1 P#include <STDIO.H>8 X" p$ }# O& F* V. O) U; [
int main(void) 4 i6 n8 {" }$ Z/ @9 v) K
{ . d f3 ^5 z$ A) M
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 6 C! K# |1 }3 Q+ |& H" d4 ^
int ptr; 
% p4 s$ d7 X" g+ |& ?ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); ' v6 p3 _7 N' M
if (ptr > 0) 7 N. X5 G2 M2 @8 d6 ?2 C* N
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 1 L( ]( W) C2 d+ i: @ s! g. Y
if (ptr < 0)
6 {$ D- P; J# l0 ]printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 7 a4 t' x9 V5 K$ Q+ q' c1 Q: C
if (ptr == 0)
2 r7 D& F3 r# c1 s" X, l2 ]9 Pprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
0 ?3 P) y6 d2 \( J. |8 areturn 0; ( H. L' T7 `* {
} % j; y! a0 u( C* S8 j$ g

8 Y1 D* Q; ^4 s
9 k" G4 Y! W& s+ y
4 h$ r0 v, ]8 g0 K! c函数名: strnset 
5 y4 K4 b+ a0 N* I* O功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
6 e6 o) L) w1 s: y; ^# D# X) d0 R8 |用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); , R E! v: U9 V
程序例: 
0 |6 A; s* s; Y#include <STDIO.H>- j0 P# M9 J' X, E
#include <STRING.H>
/ W" W& b# k6 M/ G5 u8 kint main(void) : W9 G9 i' Q( g( m5 Q* F4 C
{ 1 @8 Y! S; O; I! w
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; / |6 }4 E3 ^( W$ P
char letter = 'x'; , Z6 u4 ^5 X' s, H: k+ X1 ^$ {" q
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string); ) a4 G) ~4 H6 H* [9 @. N9 G+ M
strnset(string, letter, 13);
" p8 p j' v& P9 a7 ?) |; Tprintf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
3 H: X. Q" k# r1 U, \* G0 jreturn 0;
1 [. a4 ?( F6 ?4 l. X} }8 `$ L3 G- u

, I; r5 v. Q1 E8 ]
 |4 Y$ _' \3 f: v7 ~7 q& A函数名: strpbrk / p: `8 t+ K9 k+ Q
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 5 k& W7 _9 P/ j
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
1 B( ?3 y+ I& c& ]+ z0 B" u/ Z& h3 [6 s程序例: 6 W X* }- ^# R9 i& s G
#include <STDIO.H>4 Z8 G' ?/ n1 z+ Q
#include <STRING.H> I' E6 E7 f; F6 Q1 b) D- ^
int main(void)
1 I; z& ^- N8 [# X$ ?% h* z{ 1 _3 Y" C7 c T1 T
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 y) O1 j; x- Y" E! ychar *string2 = "onm"; + @( }; `) W5 C5 _- U: r
char *ptr; 
# u0 |( h. [" e! h8 j7 w& F Dptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); " F$ H" L5 n5 W# e9 d& D% I& R
if (ptr)
+ \6 u$ L q4 d- j! Kprintf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); " z4 c* W" H F2 ?) l$ W/ o& X
else / ]5 e4 L8 Q5 p
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); - x1 [& z9 }9 z" ^( D3 |4 h
return 0;
* e- s7 N( g. a# {6 U! X" Y( q}
2 Z* p! b% I& L3 ^5 e; e0 }# L5 A" z3 K5 q1 d- F9 n6 [

& E4 `$ P1 T! g* b( ]0 N4 B; a/ a
函数名: strrchr 
" A: C% f! U$ x8 w @- }9 v功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 . p0 t4 b. _. V; @, f+ o o
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); 4 z! r7 _. |& \! e
程序例: 
$ o# _6 s D4 Y# E, k" J/ H#include <STRING.H>
' \3 P$ V' L) \: o; l' o. w#include <STDIO.H># l& H9 c: T8 a! b
int main(void) 7 L% s% I5 S. q. @8 ]/ k! N& I& n
{ 3 ~% y0 B; o8 e1 e8 }6 ~
char string[15]; % l/ r0 \/ u" v% Q7 {: T$ E3 |/ E
char *ptr, c = 'r'; - }6 l; T7 }- u+ r9 A
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); 4 d+ `9 N! E/ I1 k- L
ptr = strrchr(string, c); 5 K; Z4 f/ a& r
if (ptr)
) \2 @) [8 x: X, {+ X. h J" }7 I) \printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
& ?: J/ P( t4 P N0 telse
1 U. B7 U( G* G+ g; M2 Aprintf("The character was not found\n"); 3 N, Z% d% V+ h% W- P7 @
return 0;
. J2 C1 N/ t: Y* _% D} 4 @ X" b; v5 H- p5 A' f
# ]! Z( n; J7 r% A9 G

6 a( h8 x. r$ i& T! {8 Q% r9 h: ~% S6 }9 g4 r
函数名: strrev 
- u1 [* E: F. s* E* n功能: 串倒转 & e& H0 _* K% I( \# l1 c% U1 U
用法: char *strrev(char *str); 9 Q! [% d; _# x3 `; y: O: {
程序例: 9 M' R2 O5 u3 R$ u
#include <STRING.H>0 a/ K) a1 P, i: z# C+ A
#include <STDIO.H>, |3 m. E4 Q* f' h$ u" T
int main(void) : f9 }1 W7 {5 D) e3 ^
{ ) V2 R: O/ J: [9 A6 g
char *forward = "string"; 
, }6 i, q$ s$ X: p) H- {# Eprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); 0 g" v: e& j$ N- V' G
strrev(forward);
- ^! V3 _* q$ ]3 _2 t, jprintf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
7 d$ [! m( I6 f; N9 Yreturn 0; . P J: L U8 ]; o4 D( m, l
} : e2 V7 G8 [. ~& Q. Y3 W

. u4 ~, q8 h) b/ f0 |函数名: strset 0 u8 s: C; u {( a8 g4 v
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
6 I+ J/ D4 K+ G8 Z7 x! r用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); " B3 j" ]5 L* a
程序例: $ n2 a! ^5 I T( J e* V+ y3 O
#include <STDIO.H>4 ?0 I( Y4 K* b
#include <STRING.H>& v9 v" \% Q) ?
int main(void) 0 i' X7 I) K; d& i" I; @
{ - w7 {1 E% E R2 w7 |1 o1 j
char string[10] = "123456789";
6 u4 V, O9 [# _6 B) \, o/ ~' \" Q8 echar symbol = 'c'; & m6 X- s! Q1 T& a+ i2 T
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
% Q5 h' g& k9 c5 |. B: M4 ]* j+ Nstrset(string, symbol); ! R- o4 v% V* q) Q; D; h$ _
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string); ) |" p8 U8 _) g2 d9 ?. s/ c) O
return 0; ) t8 {/ P( z; q( T7 M1 m" l
}
% m1 j0 L; k* I1 M9 O; B1 P/ N: W P. w

+ `: N T$ I! n$ }, |. T5 P
' h9 p* G1 [% |; w函数名: strspn O5 R$ V8 M, l$ c
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现 ' ~* a5 |2 k( [4 p5 S/ i
用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
4 ^/ {2 N. c( l, ? Y% E' p% I2 n程序例: ( J/ _7 t) L. D
#include <STDIO.H>
 a6 O4 p+ t4 r1 H' n#include <STRING.H>5 Y0 i5 ^$ L9 o2 i/ }
#include <ALLOC.H>: r$ ?* l: P8 N
int main(void)
 o M: i( W/ {% C{
2 t% B: X7 `7 w: h4 F9 rchar *string1 = "1234567890"; ; \$ N. ~; y9 K$ S4 H
char *string2 = "123DC8";
$ L3 O5 c& k) t7 z$ pint length; * h5 {& ~% z& B; }0 W; ]5 N
length = strspn(string1, string2);
! y3 h( b6 z5 m4 S9 B, ~printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
$ }' c/ J/ w4 @: S0 D% ^; Lreturn 0;
. R! y9 N# g1 x# C7 @}
; m& V- I* k" d1 R9 A5 S3 {3 z4 ^! O8 k: U0 B( v

3 l# y, ]# Z8 ]; D函数名: strstr . T, G2 p' X( b; J" ]
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 0 D* M/ l! h; U
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
2 Y3 O% t* \" {4 Q程序例: 
) X- P7 g# t/ C% @. s3 ]+ _* W" I#include <STDIO.H>
2 ]- X s2 w8 d4 [" P+ x0 P#include <STRING.H>
0 w2 _! y- ~4 N! mint main(void) ( c- A2 H/ @& b7 Q: }3 `
{
& s6 Y2 I/ Q# z0 f. H' H0 qchar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; " P8 X7 l) N. R' Y- h. Q' [
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
- v4 |0 \9 [" Y6 K- n Oprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); 8 f8 i0 |7 S9 A# m4 m6 h, E. b; x
return 0;
( ?! w8 X% M. }/ d# W: Y% `+ a- v} ! u5 O9 P, q4 v

' x- T' Z+ n( h8 l! @, L' Q0 K2 d- H1 F( h# T/ d$ F8 @4 N
函数名: strtod 4 M+ T! j+ A0 A" J4 p5 u4 \, Y7 N9 w
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
( b4 P% j& y9 b4 f+ M+ O. J2 a' ^" P用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
: [4 x1 z: J3 K7 c程序例: # L O/ d) D( K% N& H
#include <STDIO.H>
8 G4 O- ? J/ p4 A1 `% e# V#include <STDLIB.H>
" w9 |& }: R C, w: @3 lint main(void)
2 H% d; G7 E, Y{ + Q, L# N$ M! X& L2 _) s! R
char input[80], *endptr; 0 Q8 o) |# X* J( T' U
double value; 
# E) K0 L6 X, Lprintf("Enter a floating point number:"); . ?2 }. m3 P! J" n' E; }+ z2 c* O
gets(input); . e$ S9 s1 g3 ]/ K) x
value = strtod(input, &endptr); ) _4 j* |0 ?; V F0 u) K8 t+ `5 F& u
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); 3 r F6 ^7 o2 k Q
return 0;
 K$ _4 C6 V# S( h5 f- E# v} 5 F) ? |) o q% G! X$ S
* e8 e4 M5 u! ~9 g) q7 h: ^: A
# k: C1 b N9 }- b- f* Y- w8 S: c

4 U& e% ^( N6 }5 V8 V/ W函数名: strtok 
2 g; E' x1 A0 R8 y7 m3 y" a功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 ) g+ d, L6 _- Y- U. _
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); 1 z# V+ F0 W6 ^- C
程序例: ! Z8 @( R0 A! j% m: q1 o1 w U3 J
#include <STRING.H>
) V) r! [) e7 b3 Q#include <STDIO.H>4 v( ]0 @& U- R1 e
int main(void) f! ]5 {! s3 O
{
* d, a9 Q+ I9 `* ?% N" cchar input[16] = "abc,d"; % Z/ G2 t1 w: Z' a
char *p; % T9 b- u! F5 i9 \% X* F( O
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
( z$ I2 ?1 s2 @( e zin front of the token, if found */ . s# h6 V. P- R. I
p = strtok(input, ",");
/ L; [! I+ k R7 H/ zif (p) printf("%s\n", p); 7 J5 p4 S0 Q# c9 Y$ R- [; H5 `6 |
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
% k3 L5 Y) p% b0 z. {3 R1 Aas the first parameter returns a pointer 5 k6 w& m8 V" I M# x2 f
to the character following the token */ % [/ a4 G0 H: S2 O5 L
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
2 d) d9 C, d5 o p q! Wif (p) printf("%s\n", p);
) G+ P% \7 e) i( ]return 0;
$ d( R7 ^. Q: |0 u9 w! h' z} 9 |" W! A$ \' U8 r6 V' o

. e/ b% {4 o6 P5 t" N9 k& b7 v- X

9 x7 b- _# e2 x/ R/ W函数名: strtol 
* d& I% a0 g4 h功能: 将串转换为长整数
8 V5 H8 M# d% r用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); 3 L `2 e4 \) {% e. X
程序例: 
0 B$ P0 M+ \& ~1 y. |. V#include <STDLIB.H>
) R/ o& g2 z" V# U#include <STDIO.H>
5 o9 p0 ?. H8 h" }( n; pint main(void) ) p! K) ~" d0 W0 y7 f. D
{ ; g( C6 x3 E+ O: t* U2 M
char *string = "87654321", *endptr; . r/ T1 D7 a; C
long lnumber; 
; L, R! F1 \; b/* strtol converts string to long integer */
& `( p9 @% U( c) I o# y2 Glnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); , k4 y0 F2 f8 z
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); " G+ q1 s' }2 U7 s* |; v
return 0; 7 k/ y) Q3 K0 m8 i
} ! |1 d$ y3 L/ @. j" z3 i( N

; ^* X1 Y) |+ D, x: r函数名: strupr 
+ `8 j. p& M O" K2 t功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
: Z3 b7 `! V8 Q. S: R( N用法: char *strupr(char *str); / F3 L3 A' A5 u. n& h
程序例: X9 e' p# T% c
#include <STDIO.H>
/ y7 B& g& K' t5 Y0 V+ d#include <STRING.H>
. s( |+ X: E# C A" A8 dint main(void)
! Y0 v n( ~2 q w0 V9 i" y{ 8 O0 q" r! \7 `* t+ n9 ? e/ W3 J
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 7 k4 S- P4 [1 r4 y7 i/ s" p4 x
/* converts string to upper case characters */ $ ^& Y, h' c8 `3 J& P! b
ptr = strupr(string);
" \. V' t" A6 s- T1 Rprintf("%s\n", ptr); 8 F) V/ m, `, n' @6 M' ]
return 0;
5 F4 I: `* z; v2 W4 @} 7 U! T6 w8 |% y/ u5 w5 ?' l
4 P0 Z1 F: }) ^( G" x" \8 P

& Z% x2 Z4 T/ V/ P0 l9 F3 [5 W
1 n% c7 L& y9 D" p" S; \) |) \函数名: swab 
) c1 [$ }/ B$ N* ]1 B- y5 ^. l2 R& ~功能: 交换字节 * q Q+ U1 P2 c6 u6 e
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
( q) t3 B& y4 {# D1 }' V* V程序例: / v" D6 m, d4 H$ E
#include <STDLIB.H>7 ?% f4 X- @/ [* V6 G
#include <STDIO.H>: m% s" d0 M: s! P% m4 o
#include <STRING.H>
) W$ }9 R6 O$ q4 Y. Ichar source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
% q6 k: L" s9 j- w2 V& i# [8 {4 F2 Qchar target[15]; 
; N9 t* ]" t8 Y9 ~int main(void) - }$ [8 m$ p/ f1 \3 Y- I" F+ w# \
{
" O) J6 a- y# ]3 g# B4 k- m9 q. Pswab(source, target, strlen(source));
( G* e( R$ w4 Q- U% n2 Xprintf("This is target: %s\n", target); 7 G. `0 o9 S3 {9 c8 v
return 0;
0 q- } C1 m/ g0 L2 ?} / m$ N' T5 J0 K9 R( M
( e ~5 A% ^5 p1 \$ q/ W+ |
' D' L" W3 r! B' F' T
1 x7 s/ y) O( Q+ p/ S
函数名: system . L% N8 E, W" s& `# V. y
功能: 发出一个DOS命令 : s4 G0 o/ u# J2 n) \
用法: int system(char *command);
7 A3 D6 S# L z, b0 I9 F% w# W程序例: 
0 e" z: _& [6 \: K0 r) X0 Y- B' r0 [#include <STDLIB.H>" h. t2 J! T6 n9 x* o, @+ ~
#include <STDIO.H>4 y+ h' ~& {4 i& |8 d' V9 v0 Y
int main(void) % {) K8 ^+ i7 a5 Y1 [
{ + w0 n) F5 m# b% z. t' h
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
$ b, K- a5 v* ^5 a# F8 |/ t' W* ysystem("dir");
# e" S( G* r3 nreturn 0;
5 C1 f0 M: S2 v# y}