查看: 3067|回复: 0

函数大全(s开头)

字体大小: 正常放大

韩冰

823 主题	3 听众	4048 积分

我的地盘我做主

该用户从未签到

电梯直达

1^#

发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

|招呼Ta 关注Ta

<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 8 U1 h& u7 g! `9 c7 V
/* display the gray scale */
2 [% ~2 r0 |* H8 Kht = getmaxy() / 16;
# v4 _; X" q4 ^5 J. Axmax = getmaxx();
% W1 i- {0 S/ I6 X3 ry = 0;
8 x, K( [( [' Tfor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
( T) J& |* f/ q) m5 i: T, b2 Zsetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); , @8 n, e& \5 k: q
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); # x% z ^+ x6 ]
y += ht; 1 [$ t1 k0 s* x$ G# `$ n8 ~
} 
6 H: k- @, j- m! n& ^2 _/* clean up */ 3 L# R, [% V9 N4 E9 s
getch(); : l( @. P" s3 X# R! x; u
closegraph();
1 d% H) a! y8 X, [( V( C+ Wreturn 0;
$ f0 U9 q8 W8 l0 }0 F5 m}
' }( ]; z# n6 Z! x( V* W( T$ T# ]
$ O' k1 E, _& ~1 ]$ s
: l- R; q8 b+ L6 N9 {4 X' u9 ~; e! Z- k
函数名: settextjustify ( } _% A/ S7 o1 U8 P
功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
; o2 k: A8 p, b6 ~# [. @' j. I( ~0 k用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); & i# `9 W# l t1 F
程序例: 
6 a2 i$ A) l. O- M#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- \! L9 Y6 i. L3 V- M#include <STDLIB.H>( s9 V7 A% [ l3 [7 ~2 ^
#include <STDIO.H>
- i1 N3 c8 G8 F6 P: u- J/ C- w4 v8 V#include <CONIO.H>
* M5 _% W! |" B/ [2 K2 h/* function prototype */ . M4 w, W0 V7 U7 n
void xat(int x, int y); 2 A. t$ q8 s0 o( Q2 _$ E+ Q1 Y' W
/* horizontal text justification settings */
; H8 }4 B. D! u u6 @char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", 2 U) S: g9 C# p- G5 z( t' G
"CENTER_TEXT",
 s6 s: z z1 c7 u7 Q/ O"RIGHT_TEXT" 2 ]7 ?0 ^ j% d8 Q! P4 _( J4 k) Q
}; ( I% h; @$ g, c- K. ~6 N
/* vertical text justification settings */
2 _" a6 J# R7 R" F$ R% J: pchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", # w$ o- J7 I1 l U( ^# Y
"CENTER_TEXT",
# O/ p# D- {; L( t7 M"RIGHT_TEXT" " z7 x' q8 x6 w
}; 
- y/ n7 X, |( n3 E, o- `8 b( eint main(void)
" i$ R1 A5 V' Q0 Q# K' _{ 5 \# ?+ N5 T2 G( W% _
/* request auto detection */
+ k; R; W/ {, o0 u) V+ Oint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ! [1 v7 y7 g- M( {3 o5 X
int midx, midy, hj, vj; + O! }7 D7 `% C7 R( x% H
char msg[80]; " j1 M& U6 o: j1 J* m7 a8 |3 l, X
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
 M: E+ O" ^7 g# b% m3 }initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
& F0 f- }7 e8 L/* read result of initialization */
' v& y( E; g- a# Y) Gerrorcode = graphresult();
( \! t; c( @1 q* oif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ / f' K% Z& p; O% u
{
/ m2 ~+ C+ `! O) C) i! ^/ u$ D9 Qprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. ?5 N' }' B+ E3 S7 q( Cprintf("Press any key to halt:");
5 \8 g7 l9 i( ] ugetch();
6 G7 g& _5 c9 b1 [& s$ |" y' wexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % \3 ]( n$ y% W6 k5 u0 W6 M n
} ( t* h1 f4 ]* `7 O9 H/ Z# a
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 4 s% d7 Q8 n; W) n
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
: R) s# d2 p. @# b: \3 J- q9 _/* loop through text justifications */ . R" A6 P y' \% e3 U
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) 3 B x" [8 I6 t. f# f& {- F
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) . n- V9 ^: X- v) x
{ : O/ E4 B9 U* m! s( O6 B
cleardevice();
6 v% V; [- \/ s/* set the text justification */
7 Q, @# `1 a$ N! }, _, v% Fsettextjustify(hj, vj); 
) w5 [3 x0 K' Q1 l/* create a message string */
( o7 ^/ Q4 }5 g; J" E7 J( u: lsprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); - i- w. d! w* W K9 a* u) k8 T
/* create cross hairs on the screen */
9 O" Y9 D1 \3 `. $ |xat(midx, midy); ' {' ?$ n: M, Q6 F" _
/* output the message */ 4 F: s+ O. W, c
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg); 3 m" [+ l6 {* H5 O6 [6 \
getch(); 8 y! i% Q/ |" G+ e, t2 S
} 1 O) c; r) \( Y
/* clean up */
; G5 D3 S8 P* X, ~# Aclosegraph(); / S8 ~" I4 p8 T6 L/ V1 K, X" e4 k
return 0; # H b% I W- h' C. _% N, M
} 
5 {) \4 ]4 J" r( x/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
% k: A- c! P9 {, t- ]3 Dvoid xat(int x, int y)
% b7 X" M/ G3 E4 x/ m4 O% $ U{
# G3 j$ l. |6 I: [line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
9 m% e/ T2 T0 I6 Sline(x, y-4, x, y+4);
6 u0 [+ f& Y, z& a} 1 R0 X2 m/ |( t" ]: E
, X; [$ G% x( g8 H% J1 ?
) E! [# [5 D: z4 ~, Q: m
函数名: settextstyle . C7 M( G/ u% F7 R5 Q
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 9 q \+ a$ I+ c! K; S
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); 4 T3 a6 Q5 J+ Q& _
程序例: $ _+ U6 J! J+ B8 }% n: [8 @
#include <GRAPHICS.H>; g0 s# R: ]0 A- \, r6 N/ \
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 m2 v3 B# Y8 O#include <STDIO.H>
. h* ^* `7 c8 S6 U$ i' x#include <CONIO.H>
* {* A+ t; m8 o% y3 @- Y. u/* the names of the text styles supported */ 4 e$ n. `0 n A$ K: }7 o8 S
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", , ]1 [7 O( ~ z; K3 s6 K: a2 ~
"TRIPLEX font", 8 P: Z; I9 T0 P1 B ^
"SMALL font",
1 f1 I' t0 ^" i2 _; l"SANS SERIF font",
! Y. D5 U+ D; O; |"GOTHIC font"
2 h5 v8 `+ H4 a0 t; d! I7 U% [}; % F3 Z8 [# _ @6 ^
int main(void)
) e. a( v- f4 O$ H/ D7 L- x$ |{ ! M; \9 P- P; V8 {$ H9 Q+ H$ q7 f
/* request auto detection */
4 }0 P" G+ W! P0 n% j6 F, Mint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 4 D' `( i* D! X. U
int style, midx, midy;
4 E# K8 C z. K- hint size = 1; 
 e1 k* D1 x- S y/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ F6 @ o: P8 ~+ k4 o% r7 @8 n% ginitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
# S" e; c$ [) X/* read result of initialization */ , \( c) e, f. Z2 x8 ~& l
errorcode = graphresult(); 4 ]3 z. W. c) p: [7 j
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
" X3 P; h& b* ?* ^3 p) Y# E{
- ^% w2 b# ? yprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
$ i+ ?6 } C! nprintf("Press any key to halt:");
1 k" ? d g8 Z4 S/ pgetch(); E* B8 S; c( X8 k6 C* }8 O) e/ U
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ( P! z! @# m: O! S1 r0 {" J& \
} 
, U7 A1 p+ J7 ?+ d0 m% cmidx = getmaxx() / 2; 5 _+ S/ D, P: d9 @1 ?6 |* R% g; E
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 3 [/ M5 ]9 b! }1 m/ @
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/ V4 m- l$ M2 c7 V/* loop through the available text styles */ 9 [) N u. v. f7 x: m0 D
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
4 _) N; [3 C$ c/ E! O2 _{ $ f+ h" z; m- i1 ]# U
cleardevice(); # d, u1 B+ ^2 M
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) ( |- t" }/ h. D. ]$ H
size = 4; 
 \6 N; f& d% N5 v- n3 p, V/* select the text style */
 U: ^# k l# F( |settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); ' k. w, H9 c& w, D0 F5 d, _
/* output a message */ 8 Z9 C6 W" o2 q4 K; P! V
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
* b6 e. D+ R& t( i- p2 `getch();
) H" y7 ~! w# I+ ~} 
1 } G. J o3 O1 I* ?/* clean up */ 9 i; u4 p, ^, f4 D
closegraph(); & k g) c$ U8 |; c/ G
return 0; ; f* ?8 r$ Z" F1 U+ L5 c. _
}
$ N. C# K/ r& p. ]9 Z6 F
% ~( J( u8 `4 \ a! U
7 [) H5 Q9 U/ ^. J+ i函数名: settextstyle # N4 q. v! q' m- f4 E7 |
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
! H' V3 J& J3 B% n3 v用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); , x' b( p9 l% q5 J! i
程序例: * \" c7 t M3 m' Q9 z
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
5 ` Z2 r, p( n9 Q#include <STDLIB.H>
3 c8 o. Z) I+ d' O0 x' M& Y#include <STDIO.H>7 M0 g2 g# J/ j; J, |% N0 z E
#include <CONIO.H>
3 l' A% A6 M% f' D( t/* the names of the text styles supported */
/ f9 l$ g$ V n! K% l1 p9 _ m- Jchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", ! I) t+ N, k" w7 h9 c: [
"TRIPLEX font", . v) T3 H8 k' ~7 C& q& T2 k. c
"SMALL font", 0 B2 \5 J. X$ t f; t
"SANS SERIF font", 8 i3 E D% L& E2 ?' U# Z% \0 Z
"GOTHIC font"
* X4 ]+ P& q2 ?}; 
. O: ?* Y' R8 m: q7 kint main(void)
* ^9 J' S& p' \{ , ^* L1 o" X& q; D' {0 r
/* request auto detection */
7 u* S$ ?, Q4 B' v$ R' n9 Vint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 6 @6 C+ i0 O2 W- e% G& P
int style, midx, midy; 3 ^" _. E0 X# z: }) {( O
int size = 1; 
" ~2 [% b8 {& c2 j, f/* initialize graphics and local variables */ + D1 ]6 v" V( Y, e
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 W& R6 w5 ?- Y r
/* read result of initialization */ : O+ r5 s$ t* k" |7 V
errorcode = graphresult();
0 ^* X" O- [: \# Bif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
/ ]8 |& z4 x" q- R' H% L/ x{
, |2 J1 l n# w% ?. D% W6 t, [printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
2 a' k9 b& t9 s/ o; m% Q+ S' Jprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 9 m8 d8 W) b* _& q
getch(); 9 a {: k$ G7 w5 v `5 b) Q$ q
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! I0 B+ ]( g4 R/ I4 Y' H' q$ n3 S} 
% Y3 _3 z" L& p0 W& V* mmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
3 Y$ S2 q, d9 `# R. Qmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
; a1 D' O2 c4 V+ Z% Ksettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
, |% `3 e: J5 Z+ M% D& Q9 {/* loop through the available text styles */
0 R/ @' W. [' G- t" U1 j2 vfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
. \, n! A5 k/ h+ ~+ j/ v. o3 v1 v{ ) u4 t( h$ \- C6 C0 {; o
cleardevice(); ; i7 f$ R3 H9 E S+ u
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
 ?# o( R7 e7 m$ X: isize = 4; 
: o; d Q( k1 J/* select the text style */ ' U4 s8 R: a5 l1 U" T0 A
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); L8 $ z, `# l9 t" L. A3 N
/* output a message */
& _3 x- g- G5 h4 j% aouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 3 v6 l" R2 I- e' k% e
getch();
3 ^' X. _! t' v$ d. g( L/ Z( \% p} ) M0 h1 @6 E# Q- k
/* clean up */ 6 D. V! M0 c/ |8 P
closegraph(); % b/ [4 p" q' D/ f- m0 {
return 0;
8 B M) _& v) f" N# u- p/ l} 
& ~: G8 C& q- w% q0 S
0 S( i( \2 m" l# R! p0 F5 i
0 |0 $ V0 V/ c, [函数名: settime 
8 b$ {- y5 q+ _" E* j功能: 设置系统时间
$ D$ p+ Q5 j* R8 O* q# P. _用法: void settime(struct time *timep); & c1 r% E+ B( ?& J9 e
程序例: 
9 W& R# k7 B$ `3 n+ Y6 S2 B' K$ Q#include <STDIO.H>
$ h. n7 o0 ?( H N6 U#include <DOS.H>6 D% Q) }2 t2 G3 K( I6 b
int main(void)
& Y2 r _ d/ ~5 `8 G: y' t/ y{
 @8 w4 q4 R3 r. y4 ~, \struct time t; ! i& y4 m& {4 c% n. [
gettime(&t);
8 p# x, O) P' A2 N {printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
. i J( Y6 F1 e7 c$ Y Hprintf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
# @2 o# ?! ?6 t# k$ s, d# pprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); ) m' c( Q! c3 P, G+ |, }6 S# W
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
% C5 N5 E1 E; l8 Z/ H! i9 S/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
 t( h4 q3 v( Y3 P1 k2 @' S0 @t.ti_min++; ' O, b$ G0 i& P* s0 m+ a* u
settime(&t); , S# \( P+ F/ }7 c3 H4 I$ x
return 0; 6 q* z: p4 S/ W1 \! o5 Z7 H' ]) V
} 
6 U! u; I3 e# a4 J$ l; @4 T4 T1 q; |8 n$ g4 T7 P% [' e

9 D+ w0 M# O* J7 l' Q函数名: setusercharsize 
1 u! m7 w$ ]( r e3 l功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
4 `6 J# W4 x% a% C: m. k用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); 0 o( I. d3 O7 o+ ?; y
程序例: 
9 Q8 s# y; T: ?% a#include <GRAPHICS.H>
$ J/ u1 ]8 S' f#include <STDLIB.H>; {) N+ U! `2 B3 l6 \# D
#include <STDIO.H>
4 ^9 E7 l; x$ c: T# X5 x: p- ~#include <CONIO.H>" u5 g. ^! ]& @' k: t
int main(void) ; C, D; Q& K& @4 X' r. R' `
{ 7 o# P$ X u# \! _: U) X$ D
/* request autodetection */
" S4 ^2 I, h/ F/ Sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
6 m1 }* `' \* K; ?) j3 n/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 7 |9 I3 p4 T! s4 t# U$ q; @0 n
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
2 h" P; w) u: h* g4 v! r4 M1 T/* read result of initialization */
7 B3 s) @- A! }5 g% J* Y% Jerrorcode = graphresult();
% ~" A k; n- A5 \( v- wif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 9 W% B$ J9 g4 T9 S* A P8 |; |
{ E- k) @8 L: E! K0 t: u3 t
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % w4 l+ I4 C" w7 a
printf("Press any key to halt:"); - V" e& }! I% j
getch();
( P2 \- i, {# s. g8 p y w" Lexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
0 s: S+ G. h6 t N% r} 
8 _! k* a: i5 n4 z7 f8 f4 K0 ~3 t; o/* select a text style */
! R' k! G; u$ gsettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); ) {) [7 @. l( i6 Z4 o J
/* move to the text starting position */ ; H+ m4 t# {' L/ [
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 2 E* T- `9 J6 E9 ]
/* output some normal text */ 8 i& J/ M" F9 @( q0 M" E# m$ }# D
outtext("Norm "); 
/ s+ h- z1 M7 l% {( m% ]/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
5 `) K" F/ B* z: y# b7 b) Qsetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
0 m4 w! s/ l0 W |& V0 [; uouttext("Short "); 
' v: d0 G0 m4 p8 ^, V6 Z5 U( Z2 }/* make the text 3 times normal width */
( O8 L' r& L# b$ ~3 J) H8 Bsetusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
+ p+ Z- I' j$ |" Bouttext("Wide"); * q6 Z+ r$ n0 k
/* clean up */
$ }$ Z. [# V% q' lgetch();
( Z, L' K" c% e, I! Zclosegraph(); 9 H# N4 ?+ V9 x1 ]/ K
return 0;
# B1 b' Q% p% G- _# B} 
8 x1 p6 A: }3 ~
2 B7 q) T4 O/ \) _ r函数名: setvbuf / C5 O: ^- Z' n' r. J, \
功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
" n; j. T/ F$ H- m0 v* T4 x7 k3 x用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
 h" |' @0 T* K, E* d- ^+ H7 ^- ~程序例: # e |9 G" I5 w% Z, V, ?! u
#include <STDIO.H>2 f! M) V- A8 Z* e9 J9 M
int main(void) % x2 P, Z% e6 u8 ^
{ * |6 B! C% |7 i- e# I7 R
FILE *input, *output; ' h* F0 L4 m6 W
char bufr[512]; 
7 v& K) E6 g& q4 w& y' ^input = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); ( ]; X* r8 ~' c( } s
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); * m$ }+ L9 ?8 G9 K6 z
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
4 b$ S1 Z# ~, K( F6 M8 Q$ I! |8 cusing our own character buffer */ ) w* u" Q3 C |
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
1 j. E ^. t- a aprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
2 G7 \+ F6 [0 ^" ~/ @$ \+ Oelse 8 o7 ~9 x; q% G3 ~9 \
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
7 P- d' k4 j$ ^& J/ z7 |/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that / o* `5 o! P# e
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ 7 S2 t! U5 M7 h8 w* b
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
( c+ I& ~" T7 b7 Bprintf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
9 D; \: g1 B1 a2 delse 0 P$ ]4 B s2 h6 B( ? K& w$ s
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
% l: I% _- f# T/ P: k/* perform file I/O here */ - ?4 O% ^& b8 a' R# Y; m9 g
/* close files */ % |. x; o$ I9 x8 z( M, x
fclose(input); " a. ^% O+ S" W, ~/ {
fclose(output); $ n; o! n# K" L8 N+ x& g
return 0;
$ @7 Q$ G2 } ?! R}
( ?( V" b+ Y- }7 B7 R& c5 W2 V2 q2 n2 n
- \: K4 G3 _2 @( D! X
( R( _8 V! A: W2 J9 ^6 j$ B* G
函数名: setvect 0 [6 E& y3 J( N& e
功能: 设置中断矢量入口 ! [7 Q2 V/ l H
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); + _0 d+ s: v( i8 f
程序例: 
! L0 E" |1 S9 n/***NOTE: $ m1 r3 p% A) P! h0 N
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this
1 Z& K% E" j; Y2 y9 G |program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
 Y* ]9 p! i; v, ?* f3 V4 vfile which will operate correctly. */ 
# E4 E: m A L+ {( t#include <STDIO.H>3 ~/ A4 ~' {8 f+ R5 M; z W3 L
#include <DOS.H>
& p& ?& Y6 u+ O#include <CONIO.H>9 V6 C. a- V1 y: Q& x S: O4 \
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
8 q8 ]' h/ P$ g! n2 d hvoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); ) Z ^" ~; e" a/ v$ c; t) N" E
int count=0; 
( C8 @# S6 ~: I# Qvoid interrupt handler(void)
) A* h& H* r# N{ 4 @) a: p" E* d. E2 }
/* increase the global counter */
2 r: H: `; d% b. c3 tcount++; ! ^5 O, g t8 _" i# V4 S Z! t
/* call the old routine */ % a1 n" x7 C4 ?, _: H; J$ o- o
oldhandler();
. ?7 \3 c+ h* |1 v7 p$ l} 0 M6 M3 U5 E- j' e$ @2 W
int main(void)
: T6 G& ~( k/ `$ Z+ \{ 3 l0 Z. |# q! V
/* save the old interrupt vector */ % [7 s% x! ]- t$ Y; l4 J
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); & q+ b0 ^7 @' S- h
/* install the new interrupt handler */
0 _. b3 Y' ^/ @2 Ssetvect(INTR, handler); 
2 e0 e' I5 ?; C* _* m( s' |/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ / A7 t( g8 S! k5 }* R
while (count < 20)
4 @2 H- j! L- S& j: h0 `printf("count is %d\n",count); 9 R% m/ d3 W2 H' X$ \" ?1 B" y) j
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
) D; c) M) t9 S1 n L6 |setvect(INTR, oldhandler); ) {0 o" K9 f, O/ J* Q. m* d; U9 `) `* V
return 0; ( B2 e7 t4 N/ o' u0 Z
}
5 \. O6 {' g! G1 n5 c# J6 [9 }5 g
 m3 d+ V' ~( f" i0 w$ `4 b; n. B0 e2 \3 E& U& o4 Z. Y, N9 B
函数名: setverify 9 @ U! b9 a5 T1 @5 y1 }7 [$ M
功能: 设置验证状态
$ v1 |( f6 F% b# y用法: void setverify(int value); . m5 _0 Z0 C9 a1 Z
程序例: 9 w6 {7 [5 h4 h0 q0 D: t
#include <STDIO.H>9 @9 u- ~7 n% Y1 p2 X5 X' F
#include <CONIO.H>! a8 `4 [4 x5 n! l) z/ R6 M: A
#include <DOS.H>( s4 x# C. A1 K4 j- T/ H
int main(void)
$ O* V% V8 r6 _5 m{
. A: Q) p* n b* u0 F& y% H0 Dint verify_flag; * h/ t! B, g1 N: k4 @
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
% f: Q/ G7 K; ^: u* Yprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 6 T- ? G: v) Q V2 C# S' F8 R& O
verify_flag = getch() - 0; 
. S7 T0 F# x$ Usetverify(verify_flag); 
2 J( L+ x1 D! n" ?: s( R3 b6 rif (getverify()) % E, W' L M; M0 z, k) }
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); & d9 z' S. h" J/ H& w# E
else 6 Y" j; I" v; Q8 d% a0 {6 [
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 7 E% u4 {* S8 I
return 0; 9 k2 l) d- i0 X3 u# w! e
} 0 t: j* C0 v) |) T. V

' x5 {+ z0 v# N. f ?
8 T+ D$ M. F; I3 \3 { U函数名: setviewport " i8 u+ P w0 e, p0 K
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 5 K) h" ?% q1 _: s8 N
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
0 X# B6 z! i6 w) R1 @int bottom, int clipflag);
7 g% N' P" t5 h7 J2 d: m/ G; [程序例: 
3 w$ x, J% O. M#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( R! B& |1 c0 F' Q; X( s: b* N#include <STDLIB.H>( W7 d* Z3 u2 k2 j
#include <STDIO.H>
6 Q- Y: I* f4 J#include <CONIO.H>% b: e `9 M! ~+ m
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
, k" I! H' v; V, W$ z( x& Oint main(void) 8 D& n. Q: m1 k% w
{
7 O5 ~* M) ~8 w6 A) U$ {/* request auto detection */ 5 n4 h7 m3 b& o4 U5 p
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
. x b, Y! N5 j' e# w, ^; w/ r/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ @6 i' F8 _) _1 F. ^7 tinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! Y. y1 d# g2 _$ A/* read result of initialization */
. w: z" ^' ~1 Y- m" g2 ^0 zerrorcode = graphresult(); 3 V+ X3 }5 b, u$ y( Y4 {
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 2 t8 Z* J$ W# `
{
& N) W- U' C- N( P" wprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
: F: U- n! `! m$ Kprintf("Press any key to halt:"); , v/ B6 A3 O w5 Z! h$ \1 O
getch(); 9 E ^5 r% m2 ?4 k! A6 h9 P0 q9 e
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . ~: M2 J _8 ]2 `& f" E' _
} 
# _9 f1 p3 Q i" p3 ~! Psetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 7 S) D/ X# E9 Z8 M: r; y. ^+ i7 O7 y
/* message in default full-screen viewport */
% U) ?% J) o, g w1 f, `outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
+ y* E; ^' {, m m6 ^' E8 R/* create a smaller viewport */ 4 w& Q4 j$ V- B v: H
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); $ Z1 _9 g# j4 Q, b# k7 H
/* display some text */ 8 j' K" ~, e/ \$ p3 B
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); - F% V8 ?/ N, |" w$ Z' U1 [7 y
/* clean up */ " K7 `( x% ^% ?" }* l# |
getch();
5 H* m/ V& e" ^! v+ S& uclosegraph(); 1 m: B. \! q/ V$ u9 Q
return 0;
) Q4 {. u0 Z/ U( z( E, j} - m3 C1 F/ s: o
" [3 }8 o3 F; ~- m: N5 E
0 x B! w+ q8 M8 U; J
函数名: setvisualpage 
9 i) y- F- }1 s6 V, i! T功能: 设置可见图形页号
9 S$ `4 T# r0 E3 q& E! ]! k用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
- ^5 i# Z1 n& b) U4 w程序例: + t" m U b2 @* A' g4 x/ z# c
#include <GRAPHICS.H>0 T$ \, b0 C4 d
#include <STDLIB.H>* N/ _" L" Q" o0 Z
#include <STDIO.H>4 \. F. I) d- d! M8 t) `6 C! [+ i
#include <CONIO.H>
5 ^* | p3 z4 c+ t# x8 ^int main(void)
+ F* k' M1 {: d. z, d{ . ~$ b/ T* b- q5 n* z
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
0 H+ p1 x. s7 B/* multiple pages. */
, v# k3 F. w1 K7 m- M7 r; Cint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; 5 I7 z* T c# l- j. W% c
int x, y, ht; - z& a, u+ B0 ]! j: i
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ m4 `# B1 r7 R5 W: e/ j* q6 _/ dinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
, v) ~) ~' _5 L& r; e/* read result of initialization */
( T' L0 L7 F* i" H: t6 o! merrorcode = graphresult();
! D' j, M* ~! s: ?8 @: eif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
9 A" _/ [; m# |{ 6 m- s( `$ M/ j. V, z2 E4 Y( A
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % g* k5 T( p" D% r
printf("Press any key to halt:"); + v( X6 I$ G# q3 D" Q
getch(); + q8 Z+ s* v* b# j
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
( n" W4 T$ g! s& v; z% k: c' Z} 
4 d2 t+ _* U# Y+ ix = getmaxx() / 2;
0 q7 p& H* h, l$ Iy = getmaxy() / 2;
# k4 v& j7 f3 N5 g# pht = textheight("W"); 
7 X m" ]; R; M; p% [* O/* select the off screen page for drawing */ ' A. x, |% I8 w2 r2 J% P; k
setactivepage(1); + A7 p) j* n8 c' {0 x
/* draw a line on page #1 */
9 F# \# n+ \/ a4 ~line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
$ A$ ?% p* D8 _7 W8 j/* output a message on page #1 */
" Y) S+ b# c7 U3 P( h- |settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
: Z3 Y R, j: couttextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
& ^; w% X: N/ {outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
' H" v: F+ [) c9 e$ S* }; @/* select drawing to page #0 */
 j) p( Z5 |4 P9 E! F$ W0 nsetactivepage(0); " |% f4 |/ y0 D8 F9 O( F
/* output a message on page #0 */
" T" C$ w3 Y+ X2 louttextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); $ C) I1 U1 e' ]; Z
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
; _5 ]& P% @2 W$ ]5 o7 rgetch(); 
 \. Y2 \% H* C/* select page #1 as the visible page */ A9 R6 j& R$ ?8 n! g: S: I
setvisualpage(1); ; z. v7 R m. q- T8 g
/* clean up */
# g+ R- z% s' H9 _getch(); ! V/ R& H( Q c, `! |: I: L
closegraph();
/ U5 X) l% M# _return 0;
: t2 q( A P/ e$ B# i, g3 t/ o} 8 L) z0 Z5 h/ m a$ l3 q
1 m, F/ E1 a% j9 B
& X( n- C; H4 |; Z: u/ t; s1 A
函数名: setwritemode 
 q9 x- T2 `) R! E2 P# Q功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式
' l- H+ @! ^, U4 F3 M4 s) }, |9 |# i用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
+ n, p! N+ D/ a1 A程序例: 8 _" ?- g4 @, D$ z( [! Y
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
. r4 ~9 w( ]9 g3 r: _#include <STDLIB.H>2 M7 A% }$ G+ y: n' ~
#include <STDIO.H>
9 U/ n* m0 S4 H4 S$ `#include <CONIO.H>
% r! `& T: K! n) y" iint main() ; h& e( L& ^# M- _% Z7 N" Z
{
 `. m) q; D) Q3 w2 Y/* request auto detection */
) k. I- D3 R9 c: Wint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; - w F" y# T3 P2 u3 `- g$ G
int xmax, ymax; ( P5 k2 |0 t1 e% v U0 V1 e
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
7 t6 J$ g! }- D5 m; k+ Sinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : ~% |0 Q- ~. b2 n* \
/* read result of initialization */ 0 p5 M8 o+ Z( \' C2 z$ V
errorcode = graphresult();
$ ?8 q" G; C6 ?9 T1 ?' _+ Uif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ' E3 G" _' j, O \
{
0 b* a/ K. H# v4 s/ Uprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 7 s5 D# t4 R9 Q7 i7 P. k
printf("Press any key to halt:"); & @ h% }9 \7 U1 i t" l( C
getch(); 0 V- B. r" g$ B" ]. R5 `- T2 @& A1 v
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ # Q9 U- W0 ]9 }$ D/ o
} 
" v8 @! M7 J4 Z0 t5 E r, j, dxmax = getmaxx(); 2 K, v% [2 H8 |
ymax = getmaxy(); 
% }! ?- V: f5 F2 I' ]/* select XOR drawing mode */
1 R0 r% Z8 D1 K8 nsetwritemode(XOR_PUT); + ?: E. s* l M( y
/* draw a line */ 1 C2 r2 I: t. b, K: S6 F
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); * R' x* e, p( `8 S9 G" i
getch(); 
5 N& c3 n0 J. b1 k( o, Q/* erase the line by drawing over it */ % c% Y: v9 ?( `
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
! h F$ u, ?% U# h3 |. hgetch(); 
4 r. r' H, D v9 J: e/* select overwrite drawing mode */
" r% J( ~% h8 w5 @) q: vsetwritemode(COPY_PUT); % f' L6 F2 t9 t+ c
/* draw a line */
' a( K7 U! N; tline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); , {1 c4 M( Z) P6 Q% W" H7 ]
/* clean up */ ! l5 r& _* C& N0 M) Y" J
getch(); 7 m/ ?, z. e, K. Z
closegraph();
% h/ y1 r$ x9 q+ mreturn 0; 5 J# q' b# T7 H; Q
}
$ Y: m, c, G, c0 h) _
3 B# \" b$ p G' d' y9 x" W( q) O$ M6 A* J
函数名: signal
+ ~# T6 a7 @$ l功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 8 L1 Q& z: J* I8 X1 k. W2 [" j7 F# ^
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); 5 M8 b( i0 ]2 @
程序例: 
" E( k" b/ @1 I% `/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
6 Y7 m, {3 g3 A4 \6 gcatches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
, Z' U5 V( ~' w8 O: u" xto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause + F( k" j. K6 v5 s5 G3 w3 p0 l" B
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors % w4 r; C3 C" H! t
depending on which memory model is used.
' H0 x* }+ E8 I0 a*/ $ Y3 k* k7 ]% B" j' m$ j0 q
#pragma inline ' D9 X# U/ B0 q* K
#include <STDIO.H>
/ I; L; d" X w; L7 a, }/ V; T/ _#include <SIGNAL.H>. f3 v7 p1 D6 b
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
9 J! ~5 i/ V1 O; F$ {* G{ ) i8 n" t3 E) U* ]9 b: p
printf("Caught it!\n");
" K) u% d( ^- s*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ 0 E8 t! k8 N2 e8 z& {! ?
} 
9 N0 x, d+ e4 U6 A$ s1 b: Yint main(void) . @: [2 N% ~1 K+ E3 S5 J% |
{
. `$ {, a- `8 y L1 S$ C; y+ o9 rsignal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
/ i3 C2 I3 x4 S4 [6 N4 Pasm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ t- h+ U# R) b8 K1 L+ Z" |1 |
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
; ]/ l: e# Y7 w6 z- wasm into /* activate handler */ 3 T+ y4 E* i' q# M
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, 1 x, Y% }+ p, |0 l$ \
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' ! v( ~4 l6 ]2 t6 B
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ 5 N6 l5 M$ N' U3 c' Z% l V, _ A9 Y+ s
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
 |' \! w% A$ |! P8 o. ^& Fasm into /* doesn't activate */
' h1 z( S& h/ i, qreturn 0;
} : O' Y0 ^9 L7 Q
# G8 z. q( ]* V$ T

1 w( o" o$ t ^' B4 T* M, k( ~
3 P$ ]5 }& W% x8 F( F& z' n函数名: sin 4 r7 r2 A- W! [% c8 f& t3 r
功能: 正弦函数 * J; D, I; f0 J7 J
用法: double sin(double x);
) C. D. P- T* K程序例: 
: S* M6 w$ M3 v* w8 Z#include <STDIO.H>8 w- O9 l: |- a5 ?8 ?* s6 A
#include <MATH.H>1 `/ E% ~4 I6 t( K( u- h- R/ H
int main(void) , Z7 B7 H9 a& K; a. X( ~
{
( J: u6 V. O- tdouble result, x = 0.5; 
$ z5 V; ]+ Q2 f7 l Cresult = sin(x);
9 V! F2 ^/ Y2 Yprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 3 t: H( t2 A2 o+ i1 e A3 o
return 0; 0 q( k5 j# G' }+ u
}
; |8 l6 F4 \3 |* q& t. d5 d
7 c W. r. M; Q+ n+ i* f, b' M3 [9 V
函数名: sinh 
7 A. z+ f2 ?! B功能: 双曲正弦函数 . g6 H) f8 g8 I$ C) _5 E8 F
用法: double sinh(double x); * S! C( Z& s' R3 a& H
程序例: 
- X9 l' o( k9 K7 m0 e& u#include <STDIO.H>
/ D8 ~ L* C1 q: M" R8 I#include <MATH.H>
' Y! b; f' D$ e0 K! Eint main(void) $ J& ^- b: V- T K7 B
{
- M/ z# H" v! Fdouble result, x = 0.5; 0 l2 k/ I( ^: R/ ^0 y2 u# i
result = sinh(x);
% }! ?6 s( l0 [' z* W- Yprintf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 8 B U5 l7 U8 B/ z
return 0; ! L( c( V. B# I4 W8 W+ P9 U5 C
} 0 m8 m" d7 e# D$ J/ k& [# N
! ?# l% p$ `3 l' o

3 K/ U [2 x4 M7 R& Q) N9 H B3 C8 e6 `- I$ i o5 E. Y
函数名: sleep 9 T+ E3 S4 L f( s o
功能: 执行挂起一段时间
% k% T, y. \8 T3 s用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); ! Z/ L3 f% b) f. @4 R; o; o
程序例: ) y" f- S y6 {1 z
#include <DOS.H>. z( L0 Z" B% a2 p+ q7 k5 h
#include <STDIO.H>
4 V' i$ c- `1 Y7 I* {int main(void)
. k U" u9 u1 ~3 R7 g8 {{ * W) n2 Q. P2 M: K/ r8 _" w4 X8 X
int i; # v/ N8 [6 e' E1 X9 k. z0 n
for (i=1; i<5; i++)
2 f1 |) r8 q( K, z/ q7 F5 V{
. Y: x1 N3 B; r8 ~4 \4 j6 f1 D" lprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); ) `( z0 u* r- W4 v9 j; v
sleep(i); ( u# p. H# @% W
} ' _. B7 `/ D! _" A7 h! v
return 0; . A+ X1 `$ f" Q w7 A
}
" ]1 C4 b% E* J& j) t" I, X/ P( B& K8 a! V6 P* _# T6 E9 Y, F+ y
) V" P* W5 w2 \ [1 ]* l

0 C1 P, g/ W$ k/ D# [1 V函数名: sopen S5 Y0 C' I. N! J0 O2 y& |
功能: 打开一共享文件 / O2 _9 D( p8 b( ~. [3 ]" h6 n0 l3 M) B( ]
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); + H6 s) P) s% g% D9 c. y
程序例: 
8 K7 H1 ^4 U6 [' v7 L- h#include <IO.H>
. s7 T- M- y3 I$ N#include <FCNTL.H>( \7 f0 t2 T8 {% e
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
" M% G7 m- e7 }5 y#include <PROCESS.H>
% m, E, W/ I7 Y Z9 C- N7 I. s#include <SHARE.H>
$ U+ [( f0 e# w4 f, Y# Z#include <STDIO.H>4 S8 |6 }6 e3 K' W3 N+ w5 T& i
int main(void) " L; J5 b) U" V% l' l5 p/ Z
{ : q. ^* }; K; @4 ?) q! C7 P
int handle; ! z4 i% Z5 F6 _, A2 S8 S
int status; 
2 f- @( ?9 W# O' Q$ m, vhandle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); ! @8 q: T+ Q! c
if (!handle) . |8 W5 A% n) o( [" _4 u( y
{ ( m) A' ^ ^$ a7 I j) h; Z
printf("sopen failed\n"); 9 x w) K+ F" C* e0 S+ i: Z6 M
exit(1); $ k% x2 d: b- _. x; f% A3 o
} 
4 t" }* L1 g3 Y2 w# ]0 Z, @2 Y8 s+ Xstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6); 7 {" [' V8 z l' p0 k
if (status == 0) $ S P- I8 D4 }# W2 c1 e6 w
printf("read/write access allowed\n");
( i6 m. E* q4 _+ W/ g; eelse + J+ K0 s! d: C# I% e- `3 j
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
6 ]- f2 P0 v- Q' v0 M3 Rclose(handle);
" |- |3 n/ y3 l1 ]. Z R+ R8 [# wreturn 0; 8 n/ b! T& Y. R$ X
} $ {0 P6 k; t2 A1 F$ d9 Q t8 o {
/ n+ c, p0 ^" R8 U: m8 K
& L, q) h: P7 O# g3 e8 Z) K) y

: q5 Q# T2 z! @8 k; x函数名: sound ( h [6 @) x3 ~6 d
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
& {5 x0 t9 _# D1 f3 j" Z7 A用法: void sound(unsigned frequency); ) j* J" q. H7 |& [$ }% O, T
程序例: % Z- }7 t$ {2 j
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. $ u) {: @8 C# Y! d; f( W
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ . p5 O5 ?. k/ `* t4 {7 V' u; j
#include <DOS.H>
( l5 P; k+ k1 k. S7 Zint main(void) 3 C. t- m( ?7 o- D2 t' z- T" q
{ 6 S4 R W, Y" T1 S. P7 l% L
sound(7); ; t C& h1 t+ G
delay(10000);
, x7 V \5 L. ]# a; x3 z( P9 ynosound(); ( {2 W$ ]# \& ~- R
return 0; 2 n2 n: X$ }8 v9 J' a
} 
2 E9 o2 _0 u! v- Z* y. m
4 b: [& j& A* C/ [' h2 B+ M0 {/ E% k* Z& Z8 k+ _
! w+ }/ @# L* u# b- \9 ~+ O( x
函数名: spawnl 6 M# L& U" @" H* X' Z
功能: 创建并运行子程序 ' G9 O$ S. }9 b5 }% @
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 0 l% R/ [1 Q* C; K
arg1, ... argn, NULL);
9 c/ W% h q; b程序例: 
- A' [2 i. d& g#include <PROCESS.H>/ E5 @: |: j& S3 B1 L# n3 K5 g C8 [
#include <STDIO.H>( ?# u/ ?. f& b+ g$ y S
#include <CONIO.H>; X3 i7 B( L8 t# {
int main(void) % B+ Z6 L$ \' q' e* S5 }: w
{
' Y1 l: n2 J- d/ M2 Dint result; 
* u v; T3 }+ {" c! p" kclrscr(); : B8 E! @- ~6 ]
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); . c6 y j( r0 W/ N% V
if (result == -1) ; `" d5 F3 ~% m# K. K( v3 F
{
; v; _& n; e8 J! r0 a. z) ~perror("Error from spawnl"); ' i( Z& e) m! r' t' A. Q) T8 a7 e
exit(1);
5 e! Z2 l) M+ ]" @$ Z! i} % d( s* X( V, H' l
return 0;
* U) n9 u& v7 T7 q! s} $ W7 ~. n Q2 Z D' W" V( P
' E4 u4 C# z: e. o, c
2 R# W: H& S* l6 d: d
函数名: spawnle ' x3 b0 Y! L( O- ?
功能: 创建并运行子程序
1 Q- W8 q. P7 r0 O- ]! v) s用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, ; C4 O9 s. [$ U
arg1,..., argn, NULL); . P! |7 z$ o4 X* S4 D
程序例: 7 ?0 O7 ` N9 n8 J2 g5 v9 l
/* spawnle() example */ 
. c# u% b$ ~) r) X! J# \#include <PROCESS.H>& Q) w1 G" a2 T2 q$ w; M6 Z
#include <STDIO.H>
4 z2 n1 Y$ M. g: L5 j& P#include <CONIO.H>. `2 B6 m) b4 p
int main(void) ! \8 r, Z7 W2 _: ?4 N8 ~
{
# S$ e: N2 K. M0 w/ [- Rint result; , |' z: I) b+ s, H
clrscr();
( T" f0 Q$ h: ?; Kresult = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); : |1 P: r' J( @0 R" ~' e
if (result == -1)
9 O+ T1 X+ C7 g: j: T! F5 O- R{ " X5 n P4 L# z: L5 g
perror("Error from spawnle");
$ Z8 O5 N! K0 Y7 r9 Vexit(1); $ M0 h1 h+ `0 b1 d6 A. {: j
}
$ e, p4 z, ?4 Q7 f3 Zreturn 0;
 p9 o# R! h/ Y4 } g$ `# W} 3 A7 ?: ~; m, O4 ^& }! v7 a: o

. @: Z$ C4 {) n4 ?3 p! R0 W, r b& ~ M/ q" T
+ E* c5 C; M% |5 C; N) e
函数名: sprintf R6 V) Z6 W9 s2 K" I0 |8 B
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 , x& d% k' \) w+ i0 f1 @& i! {& N
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]);
7 u+ G `, x3 I" ?2 b8 t程序例: ; H& f# C6 R) L2 X1 A
#include <STDIO.H>
% M" q8 B, v& b0 u#include <MATH.H>
6 O# R! G# ~& m% X* Dint main(void) % K0 s5 @8 _5 d( w8 i5 K
{ 4 ~! I' _; n E
char buffer[80]; 
0 I1 }, \9 }6 a, L9 Gsprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
! L2 A, t: _* o' T8 Zputs(buffer); 5 ^! S/ w7 S( }: g! y
return 0;
) z5 M" |1 k8 Z$ _( R7 x}
. M' b* a; j8 n4 Z+ G0 h. G7 Z9 ^: R3 P! E A
$ _) i3 b$ O4 d2 B" ?7 ^6 ^: _
函数名: sqrt 
0 T9 Y0 T2 I$ I+ u% v# q功能: 计算平方根
( n& {% {9 E( F用法: double sqrt(double x); ( p6 w! P' o9 ]7 B" S
程序例: . t h3 D9 [+ o3 e: D% u+ n
#include <MATH.H>
2 @: j5 w6 R- I( _: M( S4 s#include <STDIO.H>
& { y" Z' \7 q0 y fint main(void)
 @+ D. k. t. z; L; J [ T0 W{
0 [0 O! e# P$ p/ i' Mdouble x = 4.0, result; 
3 D, i) f$ Z9 o; |" _4 U. `* wresult = sqrt(x);
, V3 T3 i/ V- u8 r' W* \+ t( X: r. ]printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 4 }& }7 T1 X9 c! V6 x6 ~
return 0;
# f) q, [5 c$ q# }' z} 4 X+ ~9 n9 o* C0 I' H; A
" H0 n) @( d+ S2 R" ^
函数名: srand 
& A ]5 q2 m8 G9 j* B功能: 初始化随机数发生器 $ X- p" T2 O$ m) z2 ` Q3 @ j: h, U
用法: void srand(unsigned seed); / W/ }4 ?" `/ k
程序例: ' R7 b( M& t2 k) o- M- C
#include <STDLIB.H>
8 c) ?4 n' Q9 x( M% @9 v* T#include <STDIO.H>
' a6 B) F& Y- A. e0 f#include <TIME.H> L9 v" T2 d; O8 g, p9 I
int main(void)
+ K m- f2 u/ Q8 j{ * G) B( d8 P1 Y0 w& U8 E7 Q6 O
int i;
- u4 H1 Q8 L2 e2 H9 T% Ttime_t t; 
3 C+ \2 M( r' }9 k) s( b. Ssrand((unsigned) time(&t));
* s8 S& S" ?0 S! D; Xprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); 7 o+ b W$ W5 E0 c" X: g* `
for(i=0; i<10; i++) ! A, ~! L+ G% }2 x3 M9 F9 Z
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); ' N& v# B' }4 c0 m" f( e" i
return 0; / }& T1 X4 x ]9 L- \/ y
} ) O4 Z2 u+ o7 s$ w& X5 I C
$ v" {" R5 X% @ S$ K" r

7 W8 B% {, v% o# V; C# N/ O函数名: sscanf - D9 }! t1 [3 {8 s. R$ w. N) z
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入 8 G* P% e7 N! P: P0 D0 [& w
用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); / `& m- E' [. Y m
程序例: 9 w2 {! ?" q( s9 [/ ^) c
#include <STDIO.H>
- i6 T5 b' N' y- N/ c G#include <CONIO.H>! \$ v: o$ b+ I% U4 E2 X
int main(void) 9 A- t0 ?. {7 z
{ 6 Q2 |6 i6 {' v! d1 i
char label[20]; % B: I8 s9 v& |/ ~5 O
char name[20]; 6 |8 V$ }* s1 Q4 d6 S$ O' p2 m
int entries = 0;
: f2 O3 U3 X' y7 Z; M# |8 _& Qint loop, age; # o4 w8 u) H8 R1 U) V
double salary; 
; r4 L; P0 p9 Z8 X6 n7 [struct Entry_struct
, u0 ?- z: I: k8 k{ 6 k" T! y$ u- N' k6 e6 w3 q
char name[20]; # K. K- b9 y# a6 `/ g: O5 p& M
int age;
. K& C8 Q1 U* q8 b, Cfloat salary;
+ B+ D8 S V( l- D; Z. _9 } I} entry[20]; ! a8 U; ` o+ j, f# b3 i
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ . m6 z. K: j8 h/ _2 ?
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); 7 |* U+ X9 a8 {4 g. ]
scanf("%20s", label); ; n9 h' R: |; u2 d8 ^
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
 U3 O$ o& q4 p+ A3 |) G X/* Input number of entries as an integer */
2 k) p6 K/ Q. C/ d( rprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); 5 H! y" s, e0 Y/ z; s2 Y
scanf("%d", &entries);
 W2 {+ g1 ~: Pfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
3 ^" X7 O" n9 B; H; C/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ + E f, T+ Y4 Y. d8 Q7 `& O
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) % t4 {. @+ j0 F; f2 Z @) I) N
{ 0 t; G, `& |1 \5 |- Z
printf("Entry %d\n", loop); 2 h) z- M: H4 l/ d5 D* ?
printf(" Name : ");
3 A. n6 @9 p2 M) n0 }) @scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
0 [3 t: F B3 h. ` I _" _4 hfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ $ V( K4 J+ s0 X* K; ]
/* input an age as an integer */
6 b' Q6 F# k- b+ o# R" {, kprintf(" Age : ");
& ?1 K9 N a1 ~scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); & Y. m! ^. g, o* @
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ / m& \% G- j, I% E
/* input a salary as a float */ 1 \: O! ^/ q7 H O( r$ P0 V
printf(" Salary : ");
. \* S/ U6 V; M0 ~3 J2 \scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
8 I. m+ E' V' z) E3 ?fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
- n( P" _: |% s& S1 N P1 G} 
4 @3 M( M1 C; E/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
% `% P: e1 Z8 Fprintf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); ( [( S) I4 j* A+ _0 C' i( M3 A
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); 8 y8 }" { L# w% h6 e0 T

8 Y( z/ t y- P. w/* Print out the data that was input */ + V( d a r) D! |
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); 5 Q! e U7 k6 h* A/ p
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); ) {; J( i1 p( M2 C" P
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 1 P! Z, m! S- f& N
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) " C3 h. b0 C# q+ M, J0 r
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", % a% U8 D0 y. R6 `( V5 g' N$ x
loop + 1, 0 o7 O N3 c* g" ]& _) e+ G; S4 |
entry[loop].name, - O9 \3 _$ C, [; k G& [5 x6 i
entry[loop].age,
% Q2 y% y5 Q7 n. Zentry[loop].salary); + [5 I4 A$ }, q( i7 w9 {( I# O5 A
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
5 `8 R- T1 S& \return 0;
4 B" x8 w: M* g( ~} 3 q g+ Q; g8 x/ N1 c6 m/ S' C

' R5 H1 Y" L' Y# U
- R' f' C1 u. ^函数名: stat ; K0 ]& V, H' _* {
功能: 读取打开文件信息
- f; o+ L9 y A7 c$ h用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
/ w: I7 ^) j: J程序例: / K k+ U; T4 ]8 _
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
- K: ~5 r; ~( D; n#include <STDIO.H>4 G, w. ]1 }! L; a
#include <TIME.H>
5 j" U! T5 J0 l* ?0 i5 N* M ?/ w#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" : ~, [* N$ @9 l+ u% B) Y
int main(void) & l* \) d3 q5 p2 d4 t. h
{
" b. T$ k% E F6 d+ lstruct stat statbuf; & _% B" y) B* _! k$ X; G
FILE *stream; 
2 L& d, [; d9 D8 G6 R/* open a file for update */
1 q; _6 p$ E; [2 e2 x. pif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL)
# D# Y7 D p. X0 g2 W; u! v7 I{ 4 x* S( F% T d* P" u
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
9 V* q q1 |: Y8 f, [ ?return(1);
: H5 ^# q9 ]+ z0 U& ]3 M} + c0 D4 A4 M5 ^4 @6 K
/* get information about the file */ , F ]' e/ \/ Z- u2 @
stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 
. ]- H$ [' N4 V, Y/ B! [fclose(stream); 1 f$ I( B9 \" H: K
/* display the information returned */
; g3 p! U9 h% u" U: o9 Wif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
% b! G% e9 r( r8 _7 _printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); : v2 w: t; a+ ^9 j
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
2 C# `9 c' x( |/ e% Y# Uprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); + A5 D- s/ q- H6 n. F
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
# S8 @6 {4 G! ]7 R. H9 [9 N) W4 \, E0 wprintf("User has read permission on file.\n");
8 v G) A3 c" c" Aif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
7 y M, z6 v) T0 t2 j# M& L; O' Gprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
/ \; K& O+ S' D2 dprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
9 G& t! [5 s8 t3 Yprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
3 N) X: d/ R% ?) h2 G# u; H7 Tprintf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime)); * R. `3 k+ j( Q. q3 {
return 0; 5 Y0 G' G O4 y3 g
} 1 c. @0 f9 i+ [0 @$ C. O
5 g% q' Y5 ~) c1 f9 E& ]- l

8 _! s8 b$ z5 q' O5 @: K
2 i2 E( H/ Y3 }+ ?" [' S函数名: _status87 ; w! q- Q7 O- a
功能: 取浮点状态 / {8 j; k3 y/ { a$ p: `; {1 H- u6 k
用法: unsigned int _status87(void); 4 `, u n, G' F2 z6 N
程序例: / i7 J+ r' Q5 W9 M- H4 A
#include <STDIO.H>
- `" R1 \2 y" }- L: X8 @& J#include <FLOAT.H>
( I/ t S' N/ q B2 N" E9 b- wint main(void) * {8 @1 z. `5 w1 k: w
{ & F6 s0 m0 r7 F5 x
float x; . V+ v2 W. c' |! X' h9 f# e
double y = 1.5e-100; 
" F. e' I# r: K& q+ X$ V# x# j+ F+ `printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 1 [ b2 e, i/ y5 J# [, r: X- A
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
( ^+ v* }" f$ `# \y = x; 
5 p- J( o( `' j8 v7 T8 Vprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
* N! e% ^2 J6 p+ V3 Z$ Wreturn 0; # _: l5 _0 ~2 u' b
} 5 x$ r& O, p& i) j" a9 n: g

; t+ y# O e1 e) ?5 D( P
- u9 ^3 I: J$ [9 ^$ J# Z% U函数名: stime n) @9 ?8 x9 H- I- j. Y6 _: E
功能: 设置时间 3 B$ V- H: ^# r
用法: int stime(long *tp);
$ K2 p3 K# X: h) _程序例: 5 Y: @. b" {3 Z5 V3 M- x4 F
#include <STDIO.H>
0 s/ m0 K, s: t#include <TIME.H>
 S5 e* I2 B8 l D7 |+ i#include <DOS.H>& I: Y9 b$ O7 J3 C
int main(void) 7 r. [) w# I% a. @2 |4 V- m' ~6 U
{
8 n9 u5 c ?% |time_t t;
. y0 y2 j$ _+ b0 C; dstruct tm *area; % ] N- k& i; A4 r k# J
t = time(NULL); ! Z) K8 ~- r: L
area = localtime(&t); , i% J+ }" u+ j% V( h) c2 J
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); " y6 i( D; A( D6 r& N- i" ~6 m2 l
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
+ U! m5 |3 w( q9 T+ Lt++; 8 z( t* p7 V0 A! w/ m" W9 H
area = localtime(&t);
: ^ X$ x3 I2 F3 T1 xprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); . n7 c" P7 a3 Z! |
t += 60;
+ s* h0 u5 I: L$ E$ Farea = localtime(&t); ( {9 {+ V% H5 U, ~$ m
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
( b1 S* F0 z8 J- d6 i, Mt += 3600;
- m7 t; e# k7 Parea = localtime(&t);
& l7 I- W4 {- W& Z/ ~printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 9 c& a% b e, ?7 f6 y1 ^
t += 86400L; 7 d$ @0 w1 i0 j
area = localtime(&t); + U! g* j% V. Y$ u, W2 J, U- L R
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 6 _2 d1 z% t. ?0 @; t! e
t += 2592000L; ; w) G4 h; M: r0 ~- B* r
area = localtime(&t);
2 G( ]# z ]0 Q% O7 B) dprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); # l! j+ y9 l# h
t += 31536000L;
1 A$ P6 \# l" p0 _area = localtime(&t); * Q3 x" p; R0 {# v6 w3 o
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
 {& v# C6 s! T0 j0 T5 Ireturn 0;
+ |( Y. J$ v' h} 
9 A7 i+ U) l y4 D) J: x5 U o' S' e4 V r8 h) f) X3 A
7 b# Q- [3 ?' A# I7 h; Z8 n) c, D

; e; J; N# k# Q/ v. |函数名: stpcpy 
! F+ O; M+ q q9 T0 q+ n功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 1 m2 K# x- I/ \- P" V
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); 8 J R: _/ ]0 l4 X4 l
程序例: 
" f' m6 e3 J- h#include <STDIO.H>; c0 ]. X8 n2 ]3 W8 T- ]
#include <STRING.H>
3 c' f5 y7 N4 p( t* ]9 Aint main(void)
3 E1 L1 X% W# V. H% {5 c2 r# K{
" a4 M6 n2 P- a6 A) X2 L/ y0 vchar string[10]; 7 l: B; Q4 R( m/ `
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
/ t, T7 ~2 v+ ~1 t3 Bstpcpy(string, str1); 2 P6 z1 y. W! W
printf("%s\n", string); 0 `: c" F2 G8 o
return 0; 6 _+ h2 ~( J5 Q0 p% l( b1 U# N
} % c8 r6 ^, \0 s- }: x

 s5 N$ ?, M+ v9 C! [& B
: V6 W" L0 e+ R6 k
! T& o9 f: B7 e" x7 M! n函数名: strcat 
1 w/ K- m7 k/ y( d( M* D功能: 字符串拼接函数
) o$ f, P3 i; V用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); & h. c1 T% V1 w7 {2 [5 c
程序例: " ^) m. A0 C8 h8 M K. d8 e
#include <STRING.H>
( G8 d/ y# N+ s#include <STDIO.H>( @0 i0 y% p; T4 y
int main(void) / t4 F8 N" @ [
{
5 j& ^& o/ K6 B2 hchar destination[25]; : R! a7 t1 T- y$ M0 K
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
 j8 i l: T; n" T+ Ustrcpy(destination, Borland);
" z0 p/ a; J3 t3 N! Z3 Xstrcat(destination, blank);
7 E' h6 Y ~- k3 k, k# ^/ w* _strcat(destination, c); 
2 \4 W d0 A3 g1 Z, E) @printf("%s\n", destination); ( X9 i" D& w" ?7 X
return 0;
+ T3 j0 G1 N; j6 k T! V}
; \( y2 t$ V- H4 V
# M% M4 M0 s1 W3 b0 c
& j0 ^' [1 l3 ?1 D" l6 T' v( u
6 s8 m+ M1 K6 `2 K& ~$ t4 F2 L函数名: strchr 
 s: y; u, t" d3 C5 \功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
6 `+ u$ t/ x2 k5 J% A用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); 4 X& H* P0 h3 d
程序例: 
. O7 W% X3 T/ [1 p/ o#include <STRING.H>
; f% t) \: S" E6 ?2 o#include <STDIO.H>
$ w% s5 Z9 V s4 ]int main(void)
% m# J N: G9 a% K{ 3 F- _3 m7 m t% N4 u
char string[15]; * J* {7 c4 \4 |" c8 w( X4 t
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
+ s3 G* s8 n. O- @( Tstrcpy(string, "This is a string"); ; m+ T6 S2 r' T U( ~
ptr = strchr(string, c);
* ]: x4 I0 C* H5 eif (ptr)
5 C* q6 k$ ]/ h5 {0 o/ Rprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); 4 C2 L$ g& l. [
else ( p3 h- O5 B6 S
printf("The character was not found\n"); ' M% B9 T( ^; V9 [
return 0; " Q, g) z* H4 f
}
% W/ ]4 C# l* U, {
& I2 L& I1 G2 R; n3 ?' V0 I
2 f& K! N" x) K8 M: z; a% |6 M- b2 i$ P) E9 @# S3 a5 k
函数名: strcmp
5 w" u# g* a6 k4 N; w功能: 串比较 & S5 C* L: [7 H7 _* ?0 r
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
& l$ @; B s* t程序例: ' e9 R4 F9 B& S# K
#include <STRING.H>! m U0 n5 c$ y8 o! d
#include <STDIO.H>
% N4 w$ |3 \9 ` d' Aint main(void)
! G8 ^" `' N$ Z{
" X1 K6 ]+ [/ O- O7 Nchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
+ ?2 `4 u2 g# ?6 \$ C! ]int ptr; 
- z. U1 e, m) {ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); ) X. R/ _ h1 a1 {! r
if (ptr > 0)
) U+ Y* V m8 Q+ Yprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ; J, v* s) l5 n, J
else
+ S8 l! N1 h5 u, Uprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
# w' _7 [. S+ u/ `- s+ qptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
) J* x8 ?- l+ W+ a' V9 cif (ptr > 0)
% @- }/ j) m% U% Y" z4 x* g* C# _& k1 ?printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
' P2 B# z+ W( uelse 3 K, [) Y+ C, e; L- J* L/ O! x4 t
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
6 `' K4 L$ {! ^0 ~* c% X' yreturn 0; # e2 z8 t: @7 ^( c$ h: n% @; H6 I! d
}
' [/ T! ]2 b( C9 d# e3 S
2 p; A) J: `% Q0 p! T8 n0 f; G7 R2 o# J

4 _: Z0 V/ `! P$ ] B3 M函数名: strncmpi % i: B S2 }' I) A
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 % _! I9 \6 S- I/ g2 F
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); ) [, n! r8 E" G) c( J- |
程序例: 1 _5 Z/ @: I. v7 x j6 D4 D1 T, z
#include <STRING.H>. [' K+ I, F [ s+ g$ ]' V$ t1 B
#include <STDIO.H>' }. \# ~+ D7 r$ T. a1 e
int main(void)
% I) v0 b" `; X2 I& @* y! y{ $ i8 r* i* w$ e( A2 E% }
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
" ?( V* x: N- g: f5 o! D; C5 _int ptr; 
0 C2 k4 G% Z/ m1 C" s9 ^ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ; c7 O6 l6 L% e$ W. B8 C! ^ S6 T# i
if (ptr > 0) ( P, V5 C+ r" u( S% X7 O
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
1 ]5 ?8 a- X5 n- Oif (ptr < 0)
7 P9 T* |% Y& q1 Uprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
6 @, `+ T4 a% m& _$ Mif (ptr == 0)
0 [3 Q0 c. [5 {9 R# a! z: b! s+ iprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
+ U* I: B1 L6 K6 K2 G, Mreturn 0; $ ~% f; y3 [- ^: O3 L+ _
} $ @" [1 U/ Q) h4 o: f; x
, F6 _- I# ?, J' k8 p
1 G/ w4 R1 a6 `8 q% f! x! Y$ N

: U4 z6 }) Y! `$ s0 z6 t; y/ A/ h2 q( C函数名: strcpy 
& k% p- J! S3 Z功能: 串拷贝
" J$ E+ ~1 i% r% _4 V- ]用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); $ Q. ~7 y6 L3 t5 o
程序例: * m* j& ]% @4 \9 ^" A
#include <STDIO.H>: ~" U. q+ |0 t* U
#include <STRING.H>
& y; |; j" e* Q t7 Xint main(void) 8 ]! Z. g8 {( _: k, K, f5 G
{ * [, [3 T. b% \# ?
char string[10];
# [ e) K; t. n) dchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 2 O7 E# Z6 p' ]: C! G
strcpy(string, str1); , z1 h4 V* F" F+ x1 o2 H2 b) K+ ]
printf("%s\n", string); # u" ?0 v- W( ^" D$ h( C0 M2 }
return 0;
: m8 a) a$ k& }8 a) o3 b}
6 _, X4 Q m/ z, y; p7 N* @' D" m0 z+ Q! j
; ~1 \9 k" ?' A# ]

; T) S$ o H( T函数名: strcspn 5 [4 Q+ d4 F. g- _$ w
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 ( c" l) N, m; y$ B& J3 T8 @
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); 6 H! z: X( [3 w1 h1 E; Z
程序例: 
- I8 G0 @7 c7 ]! K#include <STDIO.H>) v: G( E1 v8 g. u' V0 e
#include <STRING.H>2 j. D7 F* n8 ^8 J( c0 G
#include <ALLOC.H>
9 s; ^' f1 L f% Z; @+ A4 j. `5 tint main(void)
$ j+ H) a6 A5 [& w6 [) r w5 K! S9 R{
7 F6 X) f4 |# ychar *string1 = "1234567890"; ! Z8 h( P9 R7 t* T( V$ `
char *string2 = "747DC8";
+ G# a' y+ P" p' Zint length; 
- |. T- @* I1 x2 tlength = strcspn(string1, string2); + S/ J" k. O& }2 p. _ F2 D
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
, v9 U4 d6 {* q6 |( ^* X5 w2 m# {return 0; & G. s) r0 N5 b# k
}
0 X3 k4 T& q3 l7 l( c' U1 A( I5 y+ n$ X1 ?: U) h6 X
; k. y9 b. k- T9 y3 l5 j. w

 N4 x' r- O2 C, x# v" ?, ~函数名: strdup 
, l, [5 }$ l2 S* ?# F& R功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
: @) {( G# y; I I& Q2 i& `用法: char *strdup(char *str);
5 u0 m0 R3 n$ C! m( U4 s I5 B程序例: a5 D8 [7 k! W6 x# u0 d
#include <STDIO.H>) A G& Q3 [2 i! n3 _8 R# W: k3 m
#include <STRING.H>
) |! Y" P @* W. v4 S# }! t#include <ALLOC.H>1 m5 I+ J- Y$ J* g
int main(void)
$ N! \+ A) w; E% `& I{
( p& A: v4 _7 G, L1 i. k0 ]char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; - }2 ?2 U4 t% ` T" w
dup_str = strdup(string);
" d8 V; x! g2 o# I- K. hprintf("%s\n", dup_str); ; _6 r6 V% O3 m( ]0 V* R9 x
free(dup_str); 
. b1 r& B! l( r" J% w) q9 Dreturn 0;
+ _% v, ~, Q2 H! h& i! ~( k" i# m0 k}
# ~) i- j |! C1 B( @, E P' w. p

' P; u& V6 f! g1 x
1 b' p n% M5 |; @$ F/ C# K函数名: stricmp 
! n# b$ Z1 \/ p. [9 z3 u功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 $ u6 V$ `; E; a m* i7 [; d5 Y4 F9 o
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
* n, ~, o8 ]8 T O$ c程序例: / [+ L6 V7 x, c+ r" p# B
#include <STRING.H>
( c4 [' |4 E( E& a#include <STDIO.H>
/ u' H* v' @( V, kint main(void) 5 S1 _- h; M( B8 p" B
{
8 y" ]$ v* p1 i5 k2 Nchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 9 h) T6 i1 K- \
int ptr; + e2 f7 O; \' s3 E% T
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
5 G Z6 G, c4 B; r: \if (ptr > 0)
. w7 X+ P$ a1 ?3 S0 oprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 3 R2 D, l: V$ Z4 P. n+ J* X9 J
if (ptr < 0)
7 l' m O8 P0 P( G& Nprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
 G/ K( m( ?" J7 n, n* b4 a5 Oif (ptr == 0) ) o+ {4 N) L W x- u( C& u
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
+ B' L# v8 m" y9 n* j$ r2 mreturn 0;
% f H' F6 D- e} 2 \. Z* X0 z& K1 y5 E
' W7 Q& ?3 k. V& ~ d) K, ?

" p: Y+ p+ N3 c3 e) E; P9 W- J函数名: strerror 
9 d+ t4 s8 M: q& Y/ r$ D功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
1 E. w0 h6 \ G. |2 n- w% S$ J% d3 k用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
. [/ P- ~3 K8 W/ Q程序例: ; |0 w' ^* F- w% C
#include <STDIO.H>
- q8 a+ G8 k' {$ x) F#include <ERRNO.H>
0 M4 x: J- E, K0 Pint main(void)
7 C- e6 i% @ g3 F" m{
8 d) l) g8 W' N: M; B9 A$ K! Mchar *buffer; M# t( ^2 s7 W' Q) N7 J; t* v0 r
buffer = strerror(errno); ! g& u* a9 h/ e) Q) q
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer); 4 H. V+ E6 E1 o/ H5 W: U M, R% g
return 0;
 \+ n0 w$ H4 A. Z1 A+ i; w} & K3 W- [" h; M" |% R
5 ?* k7 R N) w
" S7 n+ z0 R5 x+ c4 L

0 _0 _( ], t8 u函数名: strcmpi 
* X& i7 _. Y. ]4 X; b' q5 C: F4 h功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
: L! \* t# C6 K用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
# ?8 d0 z4 S2 [* d% ~程序例: 
9 Z5 K& ` H. x( N4 R. h#include <STRING.H>
4 y1 g+ f b8 [ `, i% ]5 K#include <STDIO.H>
- a" E' c1 E- yint main(void)
5 \, h1 R6 w7 f) y# L3 \( e+ b{ 6 |0 D; m5 e* k
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 2 x. L7 v# t. {# ?3 k
int ptr; & h5 b& w. i% L" @+ Z) L' q# F
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
+ G5 r$ J5 P/ D1 kif (ptr > 0)
# F- x/ ^- u% e* Qprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
' a# d5 [* s9 t/ ^, I5 U# jif (ptr < 0) ) P' a; p! ?! Q+ G2 D5 v
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
 ^# P) ^0 t# X8 u1 G4 N- |& Eif (ptr == 0) 9 J8 C8 z! a! [8 O3 S
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
4 y/ {) R7 B3 U" v7 ireturn 0; ! |- S; D. Y0 B& t
}
! M& {. k2 N Z7 o- }) |' b
( G# |! X$ _3 W( r7 K+ y# i% I) ]8 Z$ x p6 U

 g9 E& N' g5 e0 C7 V: k函数名: strncmp 
1 R5 K2 q" _" k2 O* G6 X' J功能: 串比较
* ] P; I" V! d. u% [# X8 I用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); - ^$ Q& V6 L. t3 X- _0 u
程序例: 2 {, A) B/ [/ z6 A4 I
#include <STRING.H>
 C ]- N7 b) X#include <STDIO.H>1 V) Y" ~# w: L4 F
int main(void) 
! j/ f) e% v: @- w$ f$ e5 d4 M8 \{
- y; X/ X9 Y" E2 l: rchar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; ' @0 a) O- x- G
int ptr; 7 y0 ?' q4 ?2 \* i- J% Q$ u
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
/ f! S8 A0 r$ e1 J+ bif (ptr > 0)
% V s2 b" [+ Q' T. n3 c) Sprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
4 p# ~9 ?/ }) `) m/ H2 Relse ) U3 }( b1 S. s5 D7 T
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
; ?" u3 }7 X( T" {& ~ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
9 l2 ?: t8 x1 k, ` K9 [if (ptr > 0)
3 {* N/ R7 N, U) D3 ?# Hprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
- m- V5 m! ^8 \, @else
9 S) V$ s$ }0 A' i$ I( c: j& Aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
0 ^6 }/ S( G2 ?- n, q3 oreturn(0); ' q6 J+ g8 }$ W4 @$ @. B9 _ \( I
} : C4 G/ i2 o' t; [9 ?* A% R

- R4 w \/ t5 T {0 m+ K2 ], z6 p5 [. y
函数名: strncmpi 6 a6 w# {+ F5 G
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 " L% e! c9 x Q0 g ^# l0 w
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 8 P4 T6 s- U5 t: L4 O. E7 R
程序例: ' p4 x7 ]8 i' Y6 H0 C( L
#include <STRING.H>6 K( T# j' i# @9 ~
#include <STDIO.H>" f8 E, Y) G- Y/ x8 \& J
int main(void) " l' M6 k& Z+ e8 D" M
{
! C# F' o% _7 b' m0 [; J, t. Lchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; $ j* [0 V) q9 A$ e6 t( d
int ptr; - }* _! l5 g: y) I. C% ]# @) \2 z
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
9 f. T) N- ]7 K5 J% ?( ^6 K7 Jif (ptr > 0) + k9 c1 d S* E! G8 O% J* i! [- {
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
! g9 X2 g" A2 Wif (ptr < 0) ' G5 @# v2 t( d2 V9 m( O9 r! f
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ! U, b6 y3 F! i' F
if (ptr == 0)
: L9 G) L) k% o* A0 Wprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); * G# O- b7 L- A" G0 r
return 0; 
* a8 I8 a2 c! y. z$ z" j}
9 P( L) f. [3 D5 G2 ?
( a2 y8 _1 t& ~4 @0 D3 w1 o
函数名: strncpy / D( d3 ~# Z3 L! K
功能: 串拷贝
# p4 G+ c* I. x用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); 0 ]' B. D6 b- R! n9 y' r% g5 Y/ X
程序例: 
# u9 v, P) K \; W0 h, o#include <STDIO.H>6 c' X- y2 E9 F1 \. g' w
#include <STRING.H>
) g4 h" f" t3 B. i+ nint main(void)
1 O3 A- i7 y5 n1 e/ D1 Y& z; X+ l{
0 ?9 v: B8 k; j# U @char string[10]; [) J% U. }9 e7 g5 x9 x* q
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
& T' y& B7 o }strncpy(string, str1, 3); 1 c% Z+ X, c/ m5 P3 Y+ h4 {
string[3] = '\0'; , |6 |8 y5 V* W- t L. q: ]( x& p
printf("%s\n", string); 8 V- u p/ o* K
return 0; # [" o' z j0 o5 E% F1 A
}
& v% u7 s& T. ~9 h5 b
" U; H" t9 q" _1 G( u/ Q# C1 F% `3 I! C8 L! a! v p
函数名: strnicmp 
3 e$ k7 A8 w* h# Z" S/ g8 C n. |功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 + z7 t; a( D" }" E0 H
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
 H' W* |2 I' c# |6 x' W程序例: 
" C, D0 a+ K! |: r8 G#include <STRING.H># U" O: t$ B) z
#include <STDIO.H>
& n& a" l) A. M h6 Zint main(void) * _3 d: B: W4 A0 n" m# [, L' p
{
! }5 h: O* B9 d/ v V5 K/ @% b+ mchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
2 ^* k: Q, K2 y( w7 Z) L) Pint ptr; 
- E2 _, j! f* Uptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); - l% L; W2 B) r4 i: _
if (ptr > 0) ( w7 r* E; D" o8 \/ z
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
 [( F" K; b7 t. A0 Bif (ptr < 0) 3 c) L; U$ f+ v, f
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 9 I( @' `0 S5 U/ O) c
if (ptr == 0)
( x6 x- m' ~4 h3 w- K J0 ?printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
9 N; n- b0 M! i( b8 z, Y' i& [return 0; J _/ I/ }8 p0 l4 n m' ^3 ]1 u
}
0 \" [ S- e( z' I* E: N8 G! m( x7 n/ Z6 W2 t+ N
, H" T! d3 D, B$ }4 Q- b# e# N
+ u9 z S4 `. N/ C
函数名: strnset 
& M) w) A o7 _ F- B4 y功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
. Q% O/ L% N$ x$ k% X7 j1 }用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
1 _) w% }- a9 n1 x0 Y3 J程序例: 
( W% }' y' A( e5 G#include <STDIO.H>5 I! O6 c* J( q* \
#include <STRING.H>
) s J( t3 w: t3 d5 u/ a9 L/ Dint main(void) ) p- [7 p: {, `: M% U" `
{
4 \( l8 c/ n0 c5 }char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
* T( O N& X8 T& W) zchar letter = 'x'; - p. ]- y8 x+ v! C# ]
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
- m2 |/ I6 D: ^8 t0 P$ q2 }- _5 astrnset(string, letter, 13); / b/ R5 Z& a9 j
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); , C9 R2 S4 N0 Y @; f: O2 [
return 0;
( V+ q6 M3 c$ t0 z2 w3 A} ) P5 c- W% |) [5 B

9 x$ f5 V) f: M) a
+ U3 F; F( ^/ c. a, W函数名: strpbrk 
5 x8 H2 C$ {* `$ _% G功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
+ j4 r: r0 n4 h用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
; A* i$ {: q3 M: }% S0 d" S程序例: 3 M5 n8 Q& T8 g6 R
#include <STDIO.H>
3 m1 J5 C$ Z4 H. G3 O- B$ _; b# J#include <STRING.H>
) I1 y7 q& Y5 l$ ~& Yint main(void)
2 H3 t/ X3 W9 n! B1 t7 `{
9 u% q* w( g' g) q: Schar *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
2 n$ E3 N$ m$ Zchar *string2 = "onm";
5 \$ r& {. ^7 L( o2 Z2 Pchar *ptr; 1 h, u+ a8 b; ?# M/ Q; W
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
$ q9 g" l& O: @4 b6 Xif (ptr) h% M- C# L% @9 a8 B! I) c
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
1 s) u% M; k$ l, h) c( a3 Zelse
4 b5 `9 u8 R, q0 s1 Sprintf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
 M. g# D# b. e" {+ V( `; Dreturn 0; : ?3 c' o8 ?, g6 T
} 3 [& |/ i6 [3 t

" V: K& |, Z" f3 b4 ` Z
& A: ? D4 u; ~$ @1 b$ w; K0 U' K) T! X y% h: n+ K4 ~( s/ m
函数名: strrchr 
* X0 b: k- G2 q7 @* y7 y: l功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 3 D% j2 G6 {) c
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); ( o7 W% l5 C3 @/ U
程序例: : g, X7 A9 J: O- x$ s8 P
#include <STRING.H>
% t' h; ]8 [: g) h; p( @& w% f#include <STDIO.H>
! ?0 l+ z8 ^7 [int main(void) s G2 J1 \5 @; M
{ * E2 b1 Q" P" `3 T$ a6 O* j- h0 O
char string[15];
6 L6 V* D- w& w8 P' Zchar *ptr, c = 'r'; 7 Z& O: d" g- z
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
# }2 |" D8 W) L. c) k. e4 vptr = strrchr(string, c); R) \# g4 Z! J# L, k, e2 M
if (ptr) + p. J* P. X1 n9 P: O$ c l. W
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
8 r2 }; ^. @* u, D! V7 U1 P3 w( n3 Selse " `3 t: e8 B: v, L
printf("The character was not found\n");
( P8 @ ]' ^+ g: w: G3 G# v4 Vreturn 0; - `; Q' y8 [6 n
} ) B9 C8 U! Y* j8 @, C7 x

# l( x7 i( W4 }
3 a( e; d* x% w- A( t6 w9 S% Z. W! Q7 [2 O# y1 V
函数名: strrev 
6 s9 E3 g; {+ S: V3 }* u0 {. w功能: 串倒转
1 k" o1 x% U: _# B! B用法: char *strrev(char *str);
6 `% T1 N' z& m3 g程序例: 
; `/ }9 P4 Y8 [2 L3 W#include <STRING.H>) O" _5 V/ x; v3 @, c9 Y- o% Q7 Q3 t
#include <STDIO.H>
& Q" P, w9 x9 J0 {int main(void) % _2 _$ X$ n; F; f% @, O8 o2 H
{
" n) P, d* F/ @) B4 w; Q- O" g7 cchar *forward = "string"; % V1 I! A1 b h3 k1 R) n0 T8 Y3 h! h* A
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
$ w% M' m% ~8 I: m$ N, n# Pstrrev(forward); ! p( |5 {2 |3 D* {$ M$ m
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
; `9 k9 s9 ]$ h# greturn 0; 9 s" d* t* N7 h# [, l( k
} 8 N- G9 y. @. M$ o

6 c9 `" E6 h! u; ~( `. Y* u- {函数名: strset $ k& @/ i3 l$ m" d W( e. _
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
0 z; v5 I, ^% ~用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
3 w9 C. r; s c1 M$ l d程序例: 
" J P: J x& l! N; `# l#include <STDIO.H>
& g7 G' N# F" J: o#include <STRING.H>8 c* G$ W* f: [5 Z9 M8 k
int main(void) . z, w( I4 H. S% E- D" E, J, C
{ - L% H G2 s- j' O& y! z
char string[10] = "123456789"; 8 I1 ?# {3 Z. v% s
char symbol = 'c'; 9 ]( c4 O" ?( B* K% z7 F8 H9 [
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
0 }# N0 h6 a% D2 }& X" Kstrset(string, symbol);
' W a k0 `' `/ ^" M3 { g+ C+ Mprintf("After strset(): %s\n", string); 0 D8 N$ Z0 E0 j
return 0;
- c. Q+ ]5 s; A$ D# S+ r}
6 F# a8 ]2 s9 |+ W- J
- u: _7 x2 R) T, {& q1 \, m+ M/ ~' S4 a8 E5 v9 u8 ]- W0 }8 {
9 L) y+ J3 ^+ B
函数名: strspn 
7 w# N4 G2 Y( Y K. M功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
* T& ?" j- J5 R% J5 ~( D用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); * J3 r4 e6 v2 w6 y+ u
程序例: 7 ]! l1 v5 [' m0 ^8 ]
#include <STDIO.H>( T# @2 f' [8 j( H9 e
#include <STRING.H>
) E: H# y5 \3 G8 [4 ?#include <ALLOC.H>
+ G! m0 G* T2 {: d# A6 sint main(void)
3 y7 f9 ], P, P. v( k' A{ 2 [4 v1 s# o' G: q, u4 K
char *string1 = "1234567890"; " O6 D$ |. Z% w+ J5 n
char *string2 = "123DC8"; 7 y! L q6 |- ?$ F* P' j
int length; : n e6 ~, W8 P" G( U4 {
length = strspn(string1, string2);
4 Q5 v7 J$ B0 o5 W8 e4 `: mprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
) f, l9 c( L, A3 s# g% yreturn 0;
0 w2 G4 j$ ^3 p8 l9 O0 p} 4 i% e5 S | f- f1 z

/ u) M, f; K* b. Y% H+ z4 i
: \' |' n* ]/ c5 b函数名: strstr 5 ~& E# ^- p3 h$ R4 U
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 1 } F _' {- T" _" y$ J$ l T
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); 2 }% X% R4 D1 m- y1 @" a$ G ]
程序例: ! K* i' r1 E; M2 Y* y8 }1 z
#include <STDIO.H>2 u7 r" m, K) Q
#include <STRING.H>& d' D9 ^9 X/ z. K
int main(void) + |0 |8 |2 o! d( }+ {
{ 7 R! j2 l) M4 a* b
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
2 m- Y- {" x( A: M2 A2 dptr = strstr(str1, str2); % F: @; G j! y1 k, v I0 @
printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); 9 J% x1 b" \) Y# h% l6 @0 t
return 0; ' `+ J9 C* I, H6 ~9 e
} . T( C' J2 ?# A/ P
9 m S" T, O0 W7 F, _2 S. w: g- T

: H& l% }6 s1 P, W7 j函数名: strtod 5 J" V# ^# J7 i* g1 ~7 @/ A
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
, M, u9 S! D! ^, j% H3 a- e用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
+ A1 A0 J! j z4 Z- `程序例: 
0 F) }+ J9 a1 C8 c7 g0 R6 T7 X#include <STDIO.H>
/ [' q3 N" ?+ v/ K" K, B#include <STDLIB.H>
9 ]; ^$ q# [: I0 X& G, t" ]2 k2 aint main(void)
& r" C0 N! w9 d% P+ J! l0 ^- m{
9 g+ v* \: _" L4 U/ }0 j8 ychar input[80], *endptr; ; @# ^ A3 f( r, |4 Z+ G% d" @- ?
double value; 9 a; v. p3 ?) i7 b6 d. e' h( M
printf("Enter a floating point number:"); 8 H4 Y* c& I- M( W. e
gets(input); . o' v. L, s+ I
value = strtod(input, &endptr); , U% w/ {! P0 z* w8 c
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); . X0 G4 T* b% z2 J
return 0; + H$ D4 ?% t C0 }) ~7 j
}
) d9 C, @- A; H: q5 l) N
; \+ D0 r: A& o. t" n D4 ?: A1 |
! `0 y& \) S, A# t/ A0 |+ i! E! e' W) T- A, U) h+ A
函数名: strtok 
6 f$ z6 ]; d8 j' ^) Y9 f9 C功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 - f9 P+ g; I' B! ^5 w
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
7 E2 F" e/ l7 d" l1 @6 x程序例: ; t4 _- } P/ ?- q, P/ M
#include <STRING.H>
8 C W% ? x. D. t) K3 k3 Q( B#include <STDIO.H>+ G& Y8 q" q4 Z0 K! T0 P9 c
int main(void)
( a, x, u. e# q' S. o. C, b! I9 r! \{
$ v0 k) z5 U" `char input[16] = "abc,d";
" h2 X* ^+ n; a+ a7 C. D; Cchar *p; 
) E; H2 v: V$ @# x; T# D/* strtok places a NULL terminator
# v% Q: O' K1 _+ t( Q Z% S8 | iin front of the token, if found */
9 W: Y5 M* [! b! }p = strtok(input, ","); # B( h8 s5 b$ Q
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); 0 r, [2 }) J" |8 n6 P1 I/ ?
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL ; \% ?% a6 L. i* u, |' V5 g
as the first parameter returns a pointer s5 f7 x' w x$ D5 `
to the character following the token */ * @2 i* Y7 _( r, M9 d
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
! `2 @& {( I4 T4 c$ l. {if (p) printf("%s\n", p); 9 z% f. X5 D5 u3 F# H
return 0;
! d' s/ D+ i( Z; s}
* X0 U7 O( ]2 p2 o+ \3 h; J h( j! i4 k3 c. O8 C6 \

- V- N% c" q% r1 }
% P7 x, w8 N; ^! {函数名: strtol " e' L" v5 N. m$ g7 S/ F
功能: 将串转换为长整数
# G1 z& J6 f$ F2 w6 p用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); # l; f/ S$ Q% z. ?
程序例: 
# r- b* @: U, A2 Z#include <STDLIB.H>5 `& h! \* j% P S2 E3 n+ |: I( g- Q
#include <STDIO.H>2 E( h3 H5 l0 W& q& y6 N* p8 e& f
int main(void)
. y" }1 q, B, A. d. x{ " ]; d9 S, h# @: [# \
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
& O9 l; H9 P" \) j l5 o( Ulong lnumber; 
% p& b$ D. y: h" P8 [: f l/* strtol converts string to long integer */
; N" F9 f% E" I: Flnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); . J6 z' d* c7 N; I
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
3 ]! k# G' t0 N$ j, Preturn 0; 6 o* [2 k8 m* h
} 1 u6 ~. @. J1 E& B
) D& E' Z- R* `( U5 c, f
函数名: strupr 
' {% E/ B+ x! N, K' B功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
( t* q2 b( j- R1 g; p* A8 P用法: char *strupr(char *str); / C- q$ d7 l. d5 B- q( m- b
程序例: # U; K4 c5 M" c x2 e
#include <STDIO.H>! ~ ]! L% Z% ~. E5 h
#include <STRING.H>0 a" G; ?8 t6 ~+ J
int main(void)
 @& x+ y: l( ?; ?{
9 Y( u: W' `$ z6 }! V9 Mchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 5 ~: ^) ]$ i+ h/ w& A
/* converts string to upper case characters */ : A9 h1 [! T" M
ptr = strupr(string);
0 K* R/ v9 J' g% @4 A" B9 Zprintf("%s\n", ptr); - K% Q8 { ^# C" s5 A, H' M
return 0; 6 G/ f- O/ B( B( Q0 S
}
" {2 `2 R3 [4 ^3 ?9 U l7 i
% S& A9 H) q" L3 v
' @. B7 P8 y) e' @/ \
/ O# g, U7 t1 m! R. o函数名: swab 
% R# H9 r& d. c4 C* @; F功能: 交换字节
6 M* q6 f0 c6 Y7 K1 I! x用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); 4 z5 r S1 O) `
程序例: , s5 K j; g4 ]) B% g/ x
#include <STDLIB.H>" d! ]; v, i: p6 w( {" n
#include <STDIO.H>& b4 ?7 S, R | E
#include <STRING.H>. t4 U$ o6 m9 e# C* X' c4 S
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; # \' G& X* h" o ]/ w W! P
char target[15]; " z1 j% I* j8 L
int main(void)
. J8 _! o- n3 S{ ) ?- z( M8 }& [( m0 P7 U6 C# A
swab(source, target, strlen(source)); + N! h/ H" z& g( l& U
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
8 o+ H9 h# X2 b& Z( \& mreturn 0;
 Y# |5 [: T2 l7 a}
3 }4 b9 t$ F' S0 C
9 J! {9 P/ n! O4 l$ _0 ?: E
3 ?9 H/ F& w4 o: ?, B
1 Z5 Y' l+ i9 N函数名: system 
! C& p$ k) \& n! p& u \功能: 发出一个DOS命令 " ?, s5 @& W: s' p/ q
用法: int system(char *command);
 r; X" L1 E$ {6 c程序例: 
" z+ ?, ?- L9 x% j5 Z) ?( s#include <STDLIB.H>) D& u" E# |) m$ i; \
#include <STDIO.H>
& _2 L+ h" k0 I& n: n$ }5 kint main(void) " E! v6 q! a3 V" x- V1 U' O: M9 v
{ / {& ]$ B2 E7 [2 C( ^' F2 r
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
% F" |6 D( p+ ~4 Jsystem("dir");
9 r e; L8 x3 D% qreturn 0; 7 ?0 H5 S: h9 d# g+ C& q$ E
}