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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
 J- Q) g/ T# Y$ [/* display the gray scale */
' Q0 A9 S( S( f/ q6 d. E+ iht = getmaxy() / 16;
. l! m4 E9 h/ qxmax = getmaxx(); 7 l0 l1 m0 x9 z7 f0 n: R3 g2 B
y = 0; / s1 i0 w( P! B0 H/ w# C1 I
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { " x8 A7 r* y8 Q5 S/ M6 ]. l9 m. {
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); ! B% u7 ^) \% N6 X6 r
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); ' P0 O5 Z2 _8 x6 m# C7 o
y += ht; ' Q+ H( W: P+ u# |# B% H+ b- `
} 3 f: k& q: k! X5 u2 \( Z; }3 c
/* clean up */
; Z J( d& p7 i) K8 h6 K# hgetch();
. M/ | n$ p* \0 H% Vclosegraph(); 6 J* Y" Y5 V' K9 j5 C% q9 R) V
return 0;
% Y1 H& Z) H1 U: X1 T# V}
: e( O5 ^$ |2 h0 ~% l) q4 t2 ]8 _ ]0 H; w; B v6 h
0 E! Z, y* T5 G

- R2 v6 L- r9 u" Y L. s& o; n0 s函数名: settextjustify : O1 G" d" d: ?8 C7 T
功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
; s/ s) {; e. t, Z用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
- s- q/ s) E5 x程序例: - |! ^1 m! ?% ^% g
#include <GRAPHICS.H>0 Y% H0 s2 M+ `
#include <STDLIB.H>: l* _0 j& v, M: z3 Y1 V
#include <STDIO.H>0 m% ^- q/ L, A* w. J, T% h5 l
#include <CONIO.H>, O8 g6 @) W! N2 X m" Y; r
/* function prototype */ 9 `) N/ e9 a" [! w( |9 W6 m
void xat(int x, int y); 
( H3 J% u) H$ h0 w2 H5 h6 C8 u) c/* horizontal text justification settings */
5 q; i* j% E4 hchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", ; a, f; h, \" i( g3 z& M; j
"CENTER_TEXT", 7 w4 w& _+ C" E
"RIGHT_TEXT" " }# W% Q \* _1 {
}; 
, o% V: E) V' f O" u1 U/* vertical text justification settings */
+ {: ]6 ~# w$ ~1 C' i: ]char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", + A) x# P1 P7 d4 h. y7 [
"CENTER_TEXT",
2 z) G5 I% ~' ?"RIGHT_TEXT" # a8 I- D S! P9 ^& b; ?
}; 
( G5 S( p& I- V! a9 Aint main(void) 5 L7 s) O& t1 _ \3 O& y- \" Q
{
" {- v/ w$ ~4 T# y1 t9 Y! |/* request auto detection */ $ g$ C6 s- W4 H) y
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
( ^6 L/ }) X5 X$ P# W/ sint midx, midy, hj, vj;
5 E9 L& _$ e$ V0 J4 U& J" Uchar msg[80]; ) Z+ g5 w% |6 Z0 X3 [
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, k" J9 t, x) Y: f" a7 G) w4 xinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! S& _% C# _1 M: H' P t% {/* read result of initialization */
. `" k; z0 h% ]6 L% Serrorcode = graphresult();
! V! v7 \! o2 F0 ? ^9 C+ p. ~if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- E8 A! I' c; K! l7 R% Q2 y{ 8 ?% M+ m+ ^8 S, I1 O
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 z% b; V) X2 l) d* V5 V: @printf("Press any key to halt:");
1 M8 A# ^- Q$ C: l6 _getch(); ( L9 `4 u( }3 p4 \+ T! o
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 9 f9 \1 O" u7 L1 |3 @6 R
} 
 m7 g$ S! j2 n& g/ bmidx = getmaxx() / 2; , U+ U9 K4 s& ]8 w) H0 ^
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
" T) K& I8 A) w+ ~/* loop through text justifications */
$ l9 l6 O' $ _. o( m% ^2 {" Yfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
3 c% S" ~, t6 x) ~8 Pfor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
3 s/ x4 J; L- E{
; M3 w: E/ a! W* ucleardevice();
; U5 z; v- e# ^/ h& |/* set the text justification */ + J9 [' H5 B! O0 J$ S- N) h
settextjustify(hj, vj); 0 M9 p$ e4 }& y
/* create a message string */
1 $ P7 ^0 {& N0 Rsprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); # `+ u- N9 G1 j3 P3 [/ E3 v+ D
/* create cross hairs on the screen */ 0 g) _: Z) P# D4 k* v/ n% E8 M, E# f
xat(midx, midy); 4 U% b8 m# \/ A% \$ G4 e& T
/* output the message */ : \7 Q! @1 J9 A/ o$ t$ t
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg); 5 z" K. D ?% F! ? I e1 u
getch();
7 b4 B2 f$ O- b- G3 E& } R} ; n. u1 w9 c( K
/* clean up */ % r1 f6 ?3 B; f$ W5 h4 D
closegraph();
) F3 d' x# ]9 Creturn 0; 1 i9 W3 ]) h. Z' `! {
} 5 e* G: @8 h c7 l: P
/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
' G. a+ Z1 n A( B! @void xat(int x, int y)
# F# _; X% V, J i$ K1 A5 M3 m6 L6 s{ " t5 r. k. J: [" i6 o8 ^2 D+ t
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); ! W4 d- y4 H' K( B- L( ~1 m9 S
line(x, y-4, x, y+4); - Q% |) f9 A7 m* A% `; P _5 `
} 
6 k" Q1 C, a U% D( p, T9 T
- @) K) Y, Y' N6 B% O) D
) q$ q. m+ Y' V: n函数名: settextstyle 
 J4 W) }- T% D0 m( h. G功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 . Z- w4 `1 r; a4 U1 I! h+ ^9 k
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
4 Q0 J4 K) Z& V程序例: 
, H( ~* r3 m/ l2 }#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' }% f7 h, L, e$ D$ `( u# p#include <STDLIB.H>- o; x. M) a, g/ y5 i, S4 ~
#include <STDIO.H>& X, w' D1 u7 ?0 C! y' n8 M
#include <CONIO.H>, ^' i/ S v5 l+ w/ z0 z* Q9 P
/* the names of the text styles supported */
1 `# b. ^' @+ ^5 Z" kchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", : a! |* j# n* `! D6 o3 E
"TRIPLEX font",
1 y, r0 p- [, c* }9 Z; W* w+ Q"SMALL font",
" e8 q& i& d' S+ e0 m"SANS SERIF font", 2 P( m9 C) `, H' [ E9 U# ^
"GOTHIC font" ( o) N9 }/ X: ^0 s0 }" n% n
}; 0 L+ R* L: y6 a: E. o0 m5 n
int main(void) " j! M. P0 F" O5 n2 V- W
{
! o, @5 O$ ^& J1 w- Q/* request auto detection */
) I2 I7 h( U2 `& d; F, Y- tint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ n+ s7 E5 [ T$ e& \& x
int style, midx, midy; % F! ] |2 j6 O+ d# c
int size = 1; ! ], t: \' F* {# p! z8 _
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 T7 P- W1 X# y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
0 H4 T; d1 E j/* read result of initialization */
: v( B: x, ~2 _. `2 Y8 [0 f5 ^errorcode = graphresult();
$ ~7 Q5 m/ |" X7 D+ Bif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
5 l; Q7 J) q; j{
9 o/ p3 h3 c1 S" h! ` H7 xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); # E. q' G# k# k; g) Z) ^/ |
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 3 J% h A, Z& o7 C
getch();
1 A# M0 E& [3 z" {& x* D; ?exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . m" i5 u% `" d1 K9 i: G) l9 z
} 
% ]& L2 F! ? F6 W z$ f! G kmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
& G1 m; I) s7 X, b6 p; ]. Kmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/ T S1 o+ d! F) g. H7 c! ]settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
# Q4 q1 L0 J8 j/* loop through the available text styles */
* [, @, Q" I4 } jfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
; O" [9 w& k$ ?3 K# E) t{ ! q8 P: e2 Q' H O- U7 r
cleardevice(); / h4 b U. ^0 O4 ]; ~
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
- a( V8 q) _! }size = 4; 4 l; F+ y' a( d9 W
/* select the text style */ $ }' ?8 k2 N3 e- f) ?
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
0 e+ \3 }, ^+ v0 c; J H/* output a message */
$ I! w+ a. T+ D/ nouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
* T9 Y6 o' w3 u8 [: Z0 w Pgetch(); 4 P8 z: ]% h% K( h( _7 ~
} , Z1 n/ a5 v- p' U& s* Z7 `) ^" `/ d) o
/* clean up */ 1 w) |# R6 ^5 R% s2 }6 r8 P
closegraph();
& d6 y8 e4 r; E' nreturn 0; % A) V' r A- I6 E
} $ r3 \5 }4 D# }4 B1 h

$ j" D, v; U$ |. u& s4 I$ X: @3 u
8 F7 z p9 `# x& s' R$ T函数名: settextstyle $ s6 q/ _5 [! W( \4 V2 \# V
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
! a2 w% Q0 f# F+ H6 b. n4 Z' e用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
- ?& I! d( Y$ a% m A程序例: 
, K& k( y" ]7 O5 g#include <GRAPHICS.H>
. u. v0 I9 ~( i) Q2 h7 f. H#include <STDLIB.H>, W1 n4 B; a- _
#include <STDIO.H>" z6 {/ z9 c. j& X. p
#include <CONIO.H>- P$ g: E5 o7 Z0 O7 |
/* the names of the text styles supported */ O$ _; t/ x+ b0 L
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
* i" M/ P8 u& e+ }) d"TRIPLEX font",
% ^3 g+ t+ B: E- y$ @. i, Y"SMALL font", & B+ z& g1 f- J8 V' z* }
"SANS SERIF font",
' L! l* k1 y* r1 {"GOTHIC font"
1 r$ z: ^/ v# e1 Q8 i7 J}; 
. P# e6 j- a$ u5 f& Eint main(void) # R6 {! X* b! Y% Z6 \
{
+ i" E5 D( G$ h0 ~4 E7 T4 y0 s! M/* request auto detection */ 4 z( `, v% H9 X2 L i
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; : q( q" k7 Q5 C: c0 u1 }# c$ S5 T$ v' k
int style, midx, midy;
/ t- }" C$ M: V) K& y0 Kint size = 1; 
( Q% L# d& J$ _. `2 ?5 ]/ d/* initialize graphics and local variables */ + w- L& E6 D, A, b
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , ~( x& ^2 Y& ]: ^6 v1 Z
/* read result of initialization */
1 |6 A: t- m( p' L. b+ w' s8 Xerrorcode = graphresult(); - _; q& G6 _. o9 K8 @; X
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
/ C) M. `% f7 z4 y; v' o/ X{ 7 O/ v2 j/ ~. @1 C! h
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ h) e, i9 o! z2 G; ~% f
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ! n5 `0 R8 O$ ]
getch(); . M/ M" k* X k, M: s- s
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
+ R! t* K% D1 [( h8 j {' N} 7 n6 r. s; e! h8 X' ?
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
9 ^4 D1 N' J3 k6 x Jmidy = getmaxy() / 2; ; w9 D) s! f2 M$ l
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
, H# T. e' V/ g6 N5 m7 i; I/* loop through the available text styles */ ) ~) L' U. @; v, l
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
1 Z1 C/ [& E) F3 @! A{ $ T' y. r( @1 H) U( O1 C' X
cleardevice(); , b; ^+ W7 r$ M0 \5 k) T/ h
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
2 v; x- h* B, e" w) _size = 4; M c3 Y0 q6 K! ?4 N+ W
/* select the text style */
& o/ B( \) S! ^; s& |; _settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
6 C3 _$ L$ h+ h% k# H4 y/* output a message */ % F0 F7 ^4 M9 O' j9 {4 h7 T$ g
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
. t8 h, m e y+ cgetch(); . y* E/ D9 m4 I2 A4 f5 D
} 4 L7 ? o! c s; `& D- G% ?( @, M
/* clean up */
' H" T0 c$ a+ j5 W Xclosegraph(); ; m, N' I% W4 }* k0 X& p
return 0; 1 U* O7 W1 d! m. t. g
} 
2 X: _- r8 {8 ]5 D' g( t7 C; |! F5 k3 u7 A u1 B( u

( Y% _! u2 ^& @函数名: settime 
% r4 C S( R" S% E功能: 设置系统时间 9 K8 X( T i; g6 y
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); ; g I" o3 Z% @6 C% Z
程序例: 
/ x+ f. w5 q8 ]7 v#include <STDIO.H>+ @' g% l* E1 D9 A) D% D$ v# b+ i, h
#include <DOS.H>4 l: e$ a9 g' ~+ L7 u
int main(void)
* r* S A* }2 R) h0 Z5 |3 ~{
& ?; b0 s. u# b- z& {struct time t; & D$ J3 E% V0 M6 R2 Z& [
gettime(&t); 7 q m) H2 ]. f+ P" |
printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); : l# I M* ?0 o
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour); ! S" Q+ x/ ` j9 S4 b! |4 T
printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
1 [5 c6 V- i: |% U) F4 E! Rprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
5 l/ N' C# P6 j# p! n/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */ $ b( e& }- i; G5 F, F
t.ti_min++; 7 [2 H' r: M" S9 G3 d) J/ K
settime(&t); # T- X7 R4 I0 k% E; L
return 0;
% E* n% h# g& g' `5 y7 E* T/ i8 M} 
. l; g: Y& Z; ^" S( c+ m0 f2 C: j, j5 m& M+ _ q+ K" Q$ b9 z2 L
6 d9 C2 v' \# I1 a9 |
函数名: setusercharsize 5 `- H7 c9 @2 M0 H' }" {) @4 m
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
" Z4 }6 T1 y3 M0 h( x用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); # ~+ i ~8 T: R: P" b4 D
程序例: 
5 v: `) P" m6 x#include <GRAPHICS.H>1 y7 x. c1 c( T' T" e* y _
#include <STDLIB.H>9 x0 u- K/ l. w8 t6 G0 H( R$ y5 J
#include <STDIO.H>
; e2 J% x% M& {$ r+ \- i: J. F5 |#include <CONIO.H>) v/ e8 k3 `$ ?$ z3 ]8 G
int main(void) 2 L, x/ }5 _5 \+ L" W
{ 7 y- ?7 M3 [5 g; a) D* C
/* request autodetection */
( @- _; R+ G& b. Sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ( w4 z3 n$ Q( t7 u" R; l
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 7 M* u9 m+ ~4 F0 P1 ~
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
# L( |+ r r/ u; Q. t( a/* read result of initialization */ 1 J% b) x6 a8 b& c6 n; z5 x
errorcode = graphresult();
% Z+ n' u$ Q9 e- b- Q" {if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
8 D: R( R5 j* Y0 v{
. ]& N+ W/ M. a* G$ \9 k' ?printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
- K' |$ [& y( H! S9 ]! M( nprintf("Press any key to halt:");
" x* t E7 J8 t8 H' h; A2 ?4 Ngetch(); 1 Y8 E$ a% e. g; N- \( C1 R
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ - p' {! m+ O4 u: h% a
} 0 I% M' a5 _- H* _# a% Z4 ]
/* select a text style */ + z2 A$ Z# `0 }) m- L
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
. o3 c+ D) _7 w4 U: W: W2 u/* move to the text starting position */ $ D. E. E: i: d- y3 i3 r* h0 R
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 
3 g; P" Y1 d: S* h; B- G: k" ]) o/* output some normal text */ , |; A2 q0 A$ q8 a
outtext("Norm "); * B7 G+ |5 e1 W
/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
% `% N3 ^( k1 k: i, msetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); F9 I/ ^4 A; e# J
outtext("Short "); 1 P! r6 n' l+ Z5 L/ g
/* make the text 3 times normal width */ 6 {9 I" o: W# P. T* f
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
& V9 o" L$ J# h- u& E6 Bouttext("Wide"); 
* `( }& q4 m, g6 Q1 B$ Y/* clean up */ , C* a6 _9 N% T4 P$ i
getch();
$ t0 _5 d* L( b* J! x, @closegraph();
) h2 }: R4 C {: H3 o mreturn 0;
: k9 \+ C+ ]2 o} 8 G/ |/ e. L, Z) b M& G) |
2 R% u$ n) w2 W
函数名: setvbuf 
; d5 ^& v* c$ @$ a功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
9 G2 u3 S- _5 x用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
( v3 Y6 j! D) n; {. X1 N程序例: 
. F4 R' l! g \#include <STDIO.H>* V X; g5 V' p6 L+ [# c2 F
int main(void) ' G: \$ s$ G5 p4 }
{
$ y6 h% K [$ Q: MFILE *input, *output;
# ]# C; x& H3 }8 Jchar bufr[512]; 
* X2 g- \; ]+ S$ minput = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); ( j: x6 m0 H4 H: ?' u
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); % Q; u3 t$ f: z! O% [4 O! d
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
, P- t* R3 c' T( v1 Wusing our own character buffer */ + v' ~* e3 X; t* j( v0 M) Z/ e
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) # J: W2 P) `2 T2 j
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n"); # v& p% u/ Y1 r! k1 ^% X, O
else
, l5 n! \6 U- `$ e! k! x: [9 R1 _printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); / R9 n% l$ k0 ?5 y! V( c- x& d
/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
( @7 f# C" V" l6 gwill be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
: M; z6 i' z1 \( p+ D8 u% Q g- e, cif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) 7 d7 }/ t( {, l8 _& u
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); , f/ o1 X* m8 O
else 6 G8 _+ {3 K* n8 e/ w
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 5 J/ V2 n. n/ `, l8 }; o
/* perform file I/O here */ 
% I; Q* g1 g: X1 P/* close files */
, H* r" @* v: c3 o" Cfclose(input);
' O8 r8 G% j( @fclose(output);
* u# X' ^) h$ w+ h/ V9 Jreturn 0; . t. A4 ^2 F, X: j5 I
}
4 u. }- l7 Y# r8 D# e& h2 d. N6 C0 p- H9 ~# \% k: V7 X

! A. M9 ~& t' v: J) ]6 ~$ i1 F/ ~- ^ ^
函数名: setvect 
9 m( l( q. Q% N9 x. I3 h0 ]功能: 设置中断矢量入口 $ h/ j. d6 X/ n, u( `
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); 5 H! j! B, i6 k- ?. Z
程序例: 0 @1 f; p9 e7 I2 W f+ G+ h+ o
/***NOTE:
1 p b: ?$ d4 dThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this
! q* r B$ `6 pprogram with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable 4 m+ K; F3 q0 ?. d6 T, v: L9 g* d; C$ U
file which will operate correctly. */ , c$ {0 o: n' {+ R w8 ^4 y
#include <STDIO.H>
! p8 N% H1 }8 m1 `- N#include <DOS.H>2 K1 t3 E# M$ c3 k! G
#include <CONIO.H>
$ J4 [8 H8 _) d7 I2 S4 i#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ & |& f4 Z p' U# S- U& ~8 b
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
5 [: ^; I$ v: l Kint count=0; 1 m' b0 M- j9 z; B- _1 O
void interrupt handler(void) 2 O& _& G: t) O( b6 P2 Q# K
{ 7 v& l4 q4 q' a
/* increase the global counter */
3 Q# ~. x6 n+ Ccount++; 1 F5 x* u7 C: o; j
/* call the old routine */
# W9 x/ {. f! l# e v5 n1 Holdhandler();
: n' c X" X, x$ U2 y$ F2 `} 
6 H* }5 E( r, E; \; n% G6 sint main(void)
, ^$ W/ ?9 o5 z" B& K9 O( s3 X{ % ^; {8 k' t2 s6 n* |, z2 _
/* save the old interrupt vector */
" n8 M' ~3 Y9 C. Loldhandler = getvect(INTR); 
+ |& v+ S! z* w" v+ G% I/* install the new interrupt handler */
! @& Z* a8 a x4 k: z0 N' fsetvect(INTR, handler); , f/ Q; ~8 ]% U% l* A) G
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ 6 [ d! g, @7 V7 p7 g! A! H& z
while (count < 20) 3 v) T, ] B9 h& u$ y2 ^* n- O
printf("count is %d\n",count); " Q+ v% L1 R2 O H+ {0 H
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
5 S: h, l! b! csetvect(INTR, oldhandler); ' h; E l+ u& @. y* s9 M
return 0;
+ `0 z( w$ X1 c% A' J}
/ a! J) z; d, y9 h
4 \$ x/ A B6 V9 `7 H* {3 c& ]5 `, S# @( ~2 e6 f8 p0 `! b1 q8 k3 |
函数名: setverify 
* h4 M5 j! p! h. K& F功能: 设置验证状态 ) Z! ]% Z$ y0 `6 V9 t" k( m5 s
用法: void setverify(int value);
- a1 E4 ]- l7 d. C程序例: 
) Z6 _- R( G. X* l#include <STDIO.H>5 `' b/ P6 x/ F7 R9 o/ @( a8 z V E! Y2 I
#include <CONIO.H>
& N; H! p4 o3 v* k( y; X#include <DOS.H>3 H+ y# ~3 a8 O
int main(void) . V/ O4 d+ n. N% v1 w
{
! p" A' u# S0 v6 y/ h) Rint verify_flag; ~( d% l% u# j& t- L8 H! w( ~! `
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); 8 O# l, @7 f( [4 A c
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
; s, b/ D ?+ H" _+ p/ F8 `verify_flag = getch() - 0; 
9 ?1 g/ a% u+ \setverify(verify_flag); 
# [4 C0 R" F3 l2 ~6 k: m! Nif (getverify()) 4 W6 z( E1 L& w3 w7 E
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
 Z6 @3 D5 r* N7 d+ A5 o9 Y8 Uelse
2 i3 j {2 W3 tprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); ) W* S: M) @1 k4 B* ^ y; V8 X% a
return 0; " B4 x7 n( @$ S) J/ t
}
/ s' z& _$ J5 N* i! d+ U7 f
) ?3 `# A$ b$ L
4 }1 F% S* S& B4 x2 o$ o# H函数名: setviewport 
; J) h5 A* p& r8 ^- E. J功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
4 E* z% v( C: N' |+ t. T- J用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
" V6 J* ~7 M2 ]- s) s1 y0 ~4 bint bottom, int clipflag);
" g8 J/ T/ }' `3 V6 Y/ E" g程序例: 
+ g5 Q3 C* s) ?! ]- _#include <GRAPHICS.H>
. d; p G, L6 p3 R/ V/ s#include <STDLIB.H>
8 Y) U) w% {) D9 z/ a: h#include <STDIO.H>
 X3 q$ g2 N: x+ @2 q" y+ \#include <CONIO.H>
- C% e9 y9 } j, i G; b#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
' ~! O, a3 _4 Iint main(void)
* c! b( \) M+ F* S{ ; U* Z4 s& b9 O' G6 x
/* request auto detection */
" a+ v% n) f, vint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 5 z# {' k0 u/ w6 ]- C! t
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
) y% [5 _* {9 c; Uinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
5 [/ U+ `0 X' l: y% U4 _/* read result of initialization */ , z* H) K9 P7 ?& j# |' i
errorcode = graphresult();
2 }# Z, I. k% T, u2 Q7 b# Uif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
5 w& y4 F$ ?7 W+ L v{ * U. `' p. B; q/ o! K" B+ W6 S3 k" S7 i
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
/ d9 n( E, d' `* K z* j% I Iprintf("Press any key to halt:");
& Q3 |: g4 w2 S0 ?! P9 {getch();
2 p2 U2 r0 x, Z9 q! rexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 3 ? R9 F5 ] \# z6 ?
} 
2 U; J6 m$ X2 E8 ~& H2 O+ l3 s- ?5 b# Jsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
$ u6 T! `, R: F/* message in default full-screen viewport */
6 D3 P* G7 l) I- M- Qouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
4 C& z$ Z/ `0 }% u" g/* create a smaller viewport */
1 O* A3 y6 s9 u q9 L zsetviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); % \" m+ `5 ~6 b
/* display some text */ 7 @& w5 e. q e6 C
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 0 C Q; }5 ~, K) s
/* clean up */
3 @' A' ~7 q5 J3 o7 I9 ~) v( ~getch(); & f0 [3 N, j% S+ t; o
closegraph(); 2 m# o8 u; o& s! H
return 0;
/ i5 f( l7 [9 I$ g3 Z3 L}
' c& l$ S( |8 S% R2 a3 p
: [/ b1 |+ k/ H# V9 H. E' I) v9 x5 ~( Z- d
函数名: setvisualpage 5 O3 N3 C& e# P+ Z( |$ Z; w
功能: 设置可见图形页号 % p0 M" b) @& A9 ?7 F
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); , |, R7 _ K" _
程序例: + K/ U0 w$ V0 J* s* I+ @- s' W7 a
#include <GRAPHICS.H>) q% o1 c7 l- i, E
#include <STDLIB.H>
5 T' u; Y! `0 T- ^# p3 C5 \- v#include <STDIO.H> B u; ~2 r* q- x: k7 e+ n
#include <CONIO.H># r, o* C0 W$ R% `
int main(void)
' e5 k) v E2 F6 B; [) L4 i{
0 p- E& v" a' A1 T. L9 V* t9 W* Z) Y. p/* select a driver and mode that supports */
, k0 a( n! m+ n/* multiple pages. */ 8 M/ s6 d# l% P
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; , A {7 u7 E$ q, X
int x, y, ht; ! c9 h8 G& k. l0 e
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 r/ }2 |* R- I6 u% u7 g6 y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
5 n' h. y# X# R: D/* read result of initialization */ * B, X) M5 q. N! ~& ?6 m
errorcode = graphresult(); & z8 m4 o) ]% D8 z) |' _
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ % W' d/ g8 N8 z; r I$ f2 u$ @0 p
{
 E/ k8 f! _( {. D2 e: }printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 P4 ~% a ^# `9 M L/ r
printf("Press any key to halt:");
' a& s3 s* U9 k! igetch();
! B- d- B8 E8 ]' |$ u4 Mexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ m- c8 P7 J! p3 O7 }
} 
) V$ H* @, j) u Q+ K$ f; Cx = getmaxx() / 2; - L- i1 j( c& U6 [3 B
y = getmaxy() / 2; $ i0 d, J+ y2 `" ?2 O) L5 N
ht = textheight("W"); % O2 F4 R5 t( f3 Z* s) J/ i2 S" \
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
3 s5 p8 W' Y/ [$ }setactivepage(1); - k0 G3 t" p y) n( q* J5 k) M8 u
/* draw a line on page #1 */ 5 K3 w1 l8 y1 Y6 a0 Q7 f
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); ) r7 p8 H) C% }6 U1 w
/* output a message on page #1 */ ( o7 _% Q, t ~; b" r0 ^; [, Q
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); " g& S& H* @# u \- _5 Z
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:"); ) h. Y! [: u- P
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); # w4 G/ J( H8 r$ v( a/ k
/* select drawing to page #0 */ 2 n; q' T. k/ R0 h) y2 Y
setactivepage(0); 
: p5 i2 M5 B1 }+ T/ _* G: W/* output a message on page #0 */ 0 F8 q* V" o& h
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); & K7 g- D" l; ^: `- `& R9 ^
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
, f7 u- [" f3 _getch(); - [" j* e! A* b& c8 g
/* select page #1 as the visible page */ 1 ?: E y/ ?# I5 t, x
setvisualpage(1); 
 p- U0 L3 Y( E/ u s/* clean up */
% R. I" w$ u9 N! U& j, N0 Agetch();
/ f' p! e9 M( [8 Hclosegraph(); ! N3 q6 s ^7 u6 E& p
return 0; # _, G! u/ N- m, x
} 
8 |& G6 u3 L# p0 {1 V) i0 t0 q8 l' V
9 c$ J6 L& T: d9 g
5 d$ B! n8 O7 L- g" j& z) l2 f函数名: setwritemode - M2 Y9 G3 W, B, Y8 G* _+ C! N
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 $ h1 \% S9 R2 e9 I, d3 B% R' @' {1 _
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); 8 i$ C1 q4 u& m
程序例: 
0 s8 O! \; L' \ F }& ]#include <GRAPHICS.H>% E3 {# {7 t) _' q* }: `
#include <STDLIB.H>
* S( U! o$ o* L+ f#include <STDIO.H>0 K1 O- w# G$ a3 e
#include <CONIO.H>
7 t3 w/ s6 l+ j1 N, ^int main()
% e! k9 j$ N0 D& I0 x% _2 K# U: h{
/ P6 O( t' [6 R. _/* request auto detection */
" I# Q+ e. k S. t$ S; Qint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
- j) m# |+ @% P8 \% V, `& ]$ ^int xmax, ymax; 
! r/ _. Q9 Z9 v! \5 k( n/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 u, N9 t% P3 a' x8 e( W, a
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ' V2 Q& D9 f% E( H
/* read result of initialization */ 1 m0 K- t j) v. [
errorcode = graphresult(); / {9 M2 @, I' I; d5 `9 X
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
: w' Q- r! K- M* h{
" }/ ]# g! m2 G7 Q9 x+ y# O8 d* kprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ a! {: ^, }) H$ O! F3 \. g: s
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 h: u3 i5 o! j' M% y
getch(); 4 D; F% U7 O/ U! {: k& M( k& S
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 7 F u8 t# x5 B" u! o
} 
9 K6 D, h1 s- F; G5 Dxmax = getmaxx(); & B- k+ _$ g1 s- \7 c
ymax = getmaxy(); 6 g3 w6 U I& `; Q* B8 B% Z
/* select XOR drawing mode */
, Q) p# S" Z) ^ X( g, `' Qsetwritemode(XOR_PUT); ) X# j+ e1 X4 ^8 Y* X
/* draw a line */ 8 a. M# s+ [' I/ q
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); ' G; [2 m8 e/ l
getch(); 
$ Z# O3 ?: I, p: Y! p( E+ {/* erase the line by drawing over it */
2 B& ?5 y/ r& l# w7 p4 [ Wline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); - t9 f, a* l N) L- ^
getch(); % s q3 U; |- s: a
/* select overwrite drawing mode */ ; B2 Y3 S$ q3 {$ N* \
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); , i2 r3 M& A% ?; @4 `& ~8 T
/* draw a line */ 0 x2 E+ X0 Z. V" A8 J+ f
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); / Q/ n6 I/ E! G \$ {2 k4 I
/* clean up */
2 K$ G/ A; w! b7 n' Cgetch();
5 [% d' I; l9 J& n, `1 Vclosegraph();
2 s. k5 f" L: Y" Kreturn 0; / g) i/ }+ R6 p. p: N+ P' ~- W
} ( s' ]" J# a {2 Z6 k
. k! Q, k8 Q* R) {, W: U
4 s' H! b" U, d {1 k
函数名: signal
- P# B, ?6 A U' i4 L0 E功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 ! C6 z5 }0 l' E x* u9 R
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
% N1 T; [: g3 j程序例: ) w0 P5 X% F6 E/ t
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
: F6 {' u, D( s4 Q& E9 ocatches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment 4 Y2 S$ {( R# B& R( e6 R& s; m, w& q4 q
to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause 3 r# ]! D3 {7 ]. T
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
. L( ~' x! g, |! ?! Kdepending on which memory model is used.
, V: w, Q+ s) }; M*/ 
0 k4 x" l A; {#pragma inline & p' ? R2 M; g8 v! e. O
#include <STDIO.H>0 \9 U+ H! H& L2 n) U* e
#include <SIGNAL.H>
1 c1 L- c" P) {! ]: ?% r6 Hvoid Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist) 5 g) E7 n9 }) I6 j/ j4 G
{
: r; h0 w) w) H8 `* Y1 \; b+ Mprintf("Caught it!\n"); % j: X9 A! Z6 }4 \
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ 4 A7 \6 Q' d$ A7 b7 l: q9 r+ }
} & t9 C0 O3 B* k* V. t5 R+ d9 w
int main(void)
1 B; `: ~; {$ R. R{
 I) e, y" B8 v) ?' P/ Vsignal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
, l; G* x) f+ z! Z, `4 b; e1 o% Y) \asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ _5 T" F/ D4 k
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
1 m! @7 D7 |" Z$ F* S: fasm into /* activate handler */ 
& q: P; ^% w- l, G+ U/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, 7 l6 |2 |9 q$ A9 b3 S7 q
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' / I/ U2 W) T, D
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ 2 F1 G$ o0 t0 k4 |: x5 K
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
 X, U4 l3 q( ^" A$ M1 x. I& P& Nasm into /* doesn't activate */ s) Y/ f, e; E
return 0;
: U& F3 X; B/ d3 {. R' h} 3 L1 @( s3 k* R0 S8 Y% t& h- ?
 C" q& B1 y; F
) w1 ~ [+ M7 E/ D! h: [+ F

9 Z M5 T: ]" p& z- y函数名: sin * A' m2 F# I5 |% j% I' { p6 ?
功能: 正弦函数
2 [- ?# g F% g用法: double sin(double x);
3 J3 R& P7 N1 B6 r- v程序例: ) t3 ^; i5 y) `( \
#include <STDIO.H># ^$ [/ Y) X7 Q$ G; K- u
#include <MATH.H>
+ o9 r4 u m9 U$ J+ xint main(void)
* A% x* [9 x0 O' u, q6 ?8 x5 i{ 3 v$ f1 o) b, M6 v; ~* |
double result, x = 0.5; 
7 s9 u1 ~2 C7 ]' J% l7 @0 hresult = sin(x);
: K5 h+ }* R) Q6 ~1 h/ Xprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); - j" V& S7 d# r" O" o1 e6 z
return 0;
1 V/ d2 T( h; A! B4 @1 c( m} ! C/ B3 {5 H5 N7 a7 m* _
 Y# z3 C& I# a5 Q+ J4 r6 F
& A. B& w3 v- B( w- F" s3 P
函数名: sinh 7 z* o) e; z+ Z
功能: 双曲正弦函数
0 e* X0 D. {" A) n* _7 E I8 W用法: double sinh(double x);
- }. V% b7 z, Z% X: ~程序例: 
* W+ K- e% e. b2 }* E; {/ d( v+ ^#include <STDIO.H>
! A3 r4 M! g% b/ A6 e* k, r#include <MATH.H>
4 g# c. Z( B* {3 m( t* s0 y1 V# iint main(void) - z$ {! Y4 q8 y' t; E f0 \
{
. L5 T! i2 F: X; Z# X L! X2 _double result, x = 0.5; ; q9 b0 R. X0 O, f, G: J
result = sinh(x);
3 h, ?0 \, a% \$ I0 l2 E( Pprintf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 3 c b0 W4 R! }* Z$ b* \# q
return 0; ' t0 v2 J+ T! k
}
- ~- S2 A! c( h4 T; ]- K2 r# z( |# ^5 B5 V/ L( x

1 m+ e4 D! E1 z- M# E' e6 L" w1 o& ]5 |7 ]: a) x
函数名: sleep 3 @1 [3 b. {* m2 ]
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 4 Z6 H( C8 e9 }8 L# W
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
! D9 B0 ?) ]7 _8 _程序例: 
! I4 B; l1 V- T" W( U6 o#include <DOS.H>
6 d2 a1 C' s% ?8 o#include <STDIO.H>
 H* q8 W$ B+ F( S, w0 v0 z$ rint main(void) ; k3 X$ ~ a$ w( _. I7 j
{
7 r1 a% M1 o2 R" h- Cint i; : k* R H7 z8 X
for (i=1; i<5; i++) 6 |( L) a r' F- s: b& ]! N2 \2 b
{
1 x Z- p1 [; _9 n2 Vprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i);
% @- a: K0 t4 m3 J1 C1 p1 `% nsleep(i); + [) j; c2 y" M
} 3 w5 `& e' X# L7 C% \. X
return 0; + E3 u3 ?6 _% T
}
; d- @4 i0 i& C# ~! I4 D, z4 m# D* z
3 _0 `$ d6 r! S! ]; f [$ ~

) F% D8 ?8 g5 f; M0 g" @; J0 h; J- ]函数名: sopen 
* y+ ~8 d2 y5 D& Z0 s* e# t0 g7 Y功能: 打开一共享文件
1 e, I& ]; j. C1 o+ e! |用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); # ~/ ], ?! M; G
程序例: 
* i6 R; l$ |3 d( ]; Q* L#include <IO.H>7 S& c: z9 ?! ?# V) K- \6 G; p
#include <FCNTL.H>
6 y3 ~. q) b0 y#include <SYS\STAT.H>/ A. K: a" Q$ | Q
#include <PROCESS.H>
4 [& C M& N% l/ v$ U( @3 X0 u$ f#include <SHARE.H>
; T! L5 q; ?/ z- {0 h. N6 O#include <STDIO.H>) ?5 v/ o# n5 i) ^, F s
int main(void) 9 R7 b" \" s8 n3 h6 a; @
{ 3 H; V/ y i4 c4 U) r+ U( g
int handle;
$ {6 c8 r7 T- ~1 _) f2 p3 nint status; 
7 P- ] _3 c$ X$ d/ q' |1 ~handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
 I: H' z/ i0 B: ?8 Y. u* Gif (!handle)
! w2 u$ o5 H" @4 m7 t4 `/ x1 L{
9 l; ?; y" N/ A- C+ fprintf("sopen failed\n"); ( J1 E% s: k" o
exit(1); 6 O# P0 o* o5 q$ ]9 x: ~6 d, X0 j) {
} ; a7 I2 M: i8 x: \) i
status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
* D K* n9 Q; c) mif (status == 0)
2 i" q6 S" B5 G1 Z0 M: g6 cprintf("read/write access allowed\n"); ( c. z4 i( w) \! K7 o |# e1 Z3 l$ z
else ; ^4 {9 T$ N. a. ^8 Q2 ]
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); : ^0 x' `* O4 }
close(handle); ; j& R2 E n# |, W+ E4 r& S& \
return 0; : H! a6 N$ q) `* Q
} 6 n4 \' ?0 B# J- D1 }& |

! C9 k P. g: s! c- y5 I8 [- p9 n
7 y/ U/ l# O' {; K* B F- w! R: a4 U$ r9 j3 | _" i
函数名: sound 
9 s1 l) b& {2 S% i1 \功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
# j, k2 T7 g. J2 D+ B! T# \用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
1 ^& l& u' Y8 ` [& I程序例: 
4 @: f" U" V/ N2 k/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
6 k/ U0 h9 H! hYour PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
4 ?# y- s' ^, s4 `6 q' z#include <DOS.H>
6 R/ ?: b, _7 oint main(void)
9 M5 L/ o: c. L{ 0 }* ` L: k4 M$ J
sound(7); 9 J. H; z9 [7 {; R% z1 s) a" _
delay(10000); 9 X: t/ l3 f4 T# f! s' d& [; Z
nosound(); 2 \: z2 ~, c. R0 m! W2 c0 n
return 0;
% Q9 Y: p" L! M' K, t3 k) c} , {) k3 V2 W! H0 G
5 s* o0 j2 y$ C( y) Z4 l: v

3 o& y- p9 y- a0 A
, q- t* x4 x/ x8 E% b! z函数名: spawnl 
( U' I$ d# ?7 B5 K V功能: 创建并运行子程序
/ b0 l! y. T. X$ d7 N, ]6 N用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, : |- u3 [* Z+ V1 U' `9 L
arg1, ... argn, NULL);
, J. g: H$ G5 n/ f% R程序例: - b7 H8 H: h0 ^8 w
#include <PROCESS.H>+ E0 U8 p* K: G9 z6 s
#include <STDIO.H>
9 v- O" ^, ?2 L* u( I; V$ W: Z#include <CONIO.H>
3 V* w9 l B( s' eint main(void)
. @9 P9 g! K% Z' O- X+ b{
4 C1 y3 k* c/ q5 U5 z# n) k3 zint result; 5 U4 r' Q' m/ A" z8 [
clrscr(); 9 d; T( f! @5 s* R
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); . V5 Z/ R3 G; R" ]" G% C7 |2 {; Y
if (result == -1) ' Q" I$ E" ~8 f2 F% W6 ], Q3 K
{
" B E2 m( E: t! _7 ]8 Operror("Error from spawnl"); ; J/ {5 w+ P+ B
exit(1); 6 M9 l+ C1 _0 J' @. d
}
# q2 n+ o6 D% Z9 O" K% a0 q5 e2 \return 0; 4 l$ }0 I$ G0 M) N
} : F/ \3 ^, K7 r& U$ a
, o- d) D. n2 Q# f

& b% A9 A2 J" o1 F9 G8 a, i$ q# @函数名: spawnle 3 Y# Y( J$ T* c2 w! p* E
功能: 创建并运行子程序
- c0 X' [$ t# r用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, ' v2 t0 g j2 \# r5 E
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
9 ? O6 ?) }" L程序例: 
0 Y- I6 H% R$ d6 e8 ?- k4 A/* spawnle() example */ ; F1 l4 s$ R4 e& {. \4 K
#include <PROCESS.H>: ^8 M( }8 w) l" ]: }
#include <STDIO.H>4 z) C6 P( L" _$ [$ A; c
#include <CONIO.H>
0 S9 Q! J% i; a( q8 dint main(void) ! z% c" D2 a. w$ u+ Z
{ " N- K3 y/ N" C( i0 Q
int result; 
- x. V! Q5 g* Hclrscr();
! @- J: x$ ]- aresult = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
! o( t! Z+ A! a8 Q Gif (result == -1) 8 B, m1 v1 N! L3 C% j# v7 K. [
{
- ? u: g3 \1 P% y9 Sperror("Error from spawnle"); # [0 U% Y. F6 N7 X
exit(1);
6 k( D" K2 [8 @- T; c1 S) a* |}
4 N, j4 F: t4 Y* t3 F! U' ?4 |return 0; - I- h5 E# C+ U& [1 I0 ?: B# c
} ! h4 Z0 f# J6 z! v$ n, }! e

 p+ G; K9 ]) P: l
3 @2 }0 y: w7 ^; t6 l# U
8 t4 p+ J/ ~! {6 ?函数名: sprintf % T6 b, Z C q6 S1 h) M E N: F2 q
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中
1 ~# J. H5 v. l2 n用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); 7 |, R, x- D5 w+ C8 n" {0 Y
程序例: 
8 }% x) i q% |: k7 r1 v#include <STDIO.H>
$ U o5 _0 T7 F) I5 Z#include <MATH.H>1 i& d' s% b' M8 Q4 _( v F
int main(void)
 D) z4 _+ @0 G) }{ 4 w( W7 q( B2 ~* b# F# [. L
char buffer[80]; 8 Q0 f/ {8 p( I
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI); * g6 a$ A, V% G6 k3 S0 [4 Q
puts(buffer); % a* a3 |' h6 D8 T8 r
return 0;
! e0 A( p" J$ T}
" F# S! Q5 a+ r1 z& T( H! g' `$ o* @1 T8 t
. G" X" V, q! c
函数名: sqrt 
: i) \- F' |; _- {) a$ N功能: 计算平方根
; N3 y7 S K- G& o, C用法: double sqrt(double x); ) H L. Z0 Y8 F2 ?
程序例: " l0 a3 d1 {- e
#include <MATH.H>
# b" }" C7 p9 F9 \' }+ @& c, a" N#include <STDIO.H>* f6 ?8 j( u( G/ m/ r
int main(void) 3 m8 L( S& o- b5 M* o
{
7 F8 s% K; J( W- u- Sdouble x = 4.0, result; 4 L9 M' {+ r( N& V
result = sqrt(x);
0 d& Q$ H7 X$ B0 Fprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 4 s$ I( O/ r- y; I% Z" V( M
return 0; 2 H$ a) h5 P5 D. M, {- K9 ?! i0 ~1 C
} \, Y: t# |' k

+ t' M7 n' q; U8 S函数名: srand 
1 c1 b9 h- D! L: L# J功能: 初始化随机数发生器 3 `2 L: l, |3 Z3 F m; u
用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
$ T8 Z+ V3 F4 p, q( J程序例: 
3 U6 j6 V0 R/ {3 Y$ l! S#include <STDLIB.H>
! E: h: w U. I) I#include <STDIO.H>, `- s. V' s% S
#include <TIME.H>' Y8 e2 P0 u' e8 ?' p
int main(void)
8 v' T0 K( G6 o% f. d{ ) n, y2 q# v% Y9 l) C4 `6 T; |
int i;
7 ?* i7 m6 ]7 d$ Qtime_t t; 
* ?$ l% m6 A. r: b; z, v' [- V) jsrand((unsigned) time(&t)); ; ` v- _5 _; {# z0 O, @4 w
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
* ]' I0 Z7 J7 | n5 t! Kfor(i=0; i<10; i++) 4 v3 F) |! O+ n
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); ( J6 D( G7 X; L
return 0;
; @4 N+ A& y4 o1 ~} B9 I2 x$ ]! i1 g2 o& z4 x& }
; H& Z( e; A* k& L) L

0 f# i) ?6 X6 M0 e% u* t$ x函数名: sscanf 2 B8 x, Z9 O1 x4 _$ P
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入 6 j+ N# n( k. f* i
用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); ) e4 I# r, b, \! G7 ^4 `2 f6 `5 h1 @( M
程序例: 
 n4 R2 w* c1 u0 C! T8 F#include <STDIO.H>
! s# S3 C1 L+ X+ L4 M; Z: K#include <CONIO.H>( M W- [$ T0 R u: b C! w
int main(void) $ O9 T, |8 A- @5 M4 K
{
- z. ^6 H/ J. Q! @7 d# T4 ]char label[20];
; j5 Q( p8 ^* i7 G% r1 |" Ochar name[20]; ) ]+ p; b# c6 J \0 N
int entries = 0;
0 B& b D9 y1 Pint loop, age; 6 B( I) s0 I0 L$ O; o' y
double salary; 
 l! |9 l7 L7 _) mstruct Entry_struct
! ?8 o4 h) Y% b { X4 Y{ " b8 f) b7 I% R& |$ k3 E/ J
char name[20];
( r% V! u2 ^4 n% J. ~# N6 hint age;
% {/ d) Y, w, j7 z2 Xfloat salary;
# e+ ^- q4 ?( n7 k} entry[20]; 9 ^. I, i. A9 K, h) f2 B
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ ! e. o, G9 W% t$ `, x7 g+ l2 e, q1 ?0 b
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
8 k4 \$ o, \1 @8 I3 o5 c; z4 ~scanf("%20s", label); ! O8 |4 j }( I& V5 k& k
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
! g3 `: V: P5 L8 }1 \/* Input number of entries as an integer */ " v c* w7 Z3 C4 r5 m
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); 7 F; t- g4 D3 M
scanf("%d", &entries);
8 Q* v, F7 U3 z4 [* Efflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ; P( P9 }' C$ I4 u5 |0 L
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
. e6 I$ B, a$ w/ S% z8 U5 ~) Tfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) ^2 w2 X' ^3 X8 p) Y
{ 5 W7 X( b# |8 `& [
printf("Entry %d\n", loop); 6 k& s& Y# [: ?6 n" C2 u
printf(" Name : "); / L* m' [ C3 I v; m9 U: X
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name); ( @- k# F5 f( p9 n! w
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
& W$ k& w4 h2 Y, J' Y/* input an age as an integer */ % k7 J. M2 Z$ N$ h# b5 F$ [( D
printf(" Age : "); e$ g7 {0 d% U- S' v; g
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
: k) q! r% ]5 {% ] Wfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ( p* m" \& P+ _; @3 q
/* input a salary as a float */
& K& o# b4 q$ a3 I" m. J, kprintf(" Salary : "); 8 e" C, o; R+ d- r. N ~0 K
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); # x7 `/ d, }. ]/ N) @7 V; y
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ % Q' G$ u) M# w
} 6 l" I' e0 \+ {( y. U6 h
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ ! o, v, y# M5 K: a6 j
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
8 O/ @- P3 g& D4 o, V; ^$ Xscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
* z8 F8 b) t1 z5 W9 R$ d- d9 o$ C" ~& X$ U0 W h
/* Print out the data that was input */
# m+ P6 B! R+ K) J- Mprintf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); : n6 [( ~: x: b' I' v* y0 O
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
2 k* ~% V/ v1 }0 ], oprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); s0 S& s0 d9 ?2 |. [4 t
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) 9 P# t/ K& c, O1 W
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
) w6 Q0 J4 _6 O4 k9 Q" O# V, D9 P$ _loop + 1, J- I' b- a& d4 K, c( _
entry[loop].name, ! a A, }5 A# |5 |3 \8 I8 ` o
entry[loop].age,
( `& Y( s* G+ H* W& N' ~entry[loop].salary);
. G! [; J8 U3 f: vprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); ) x. u3 v! F( l
return 0; $ |% C% S! R$ Q
} ! @* {+ E3 }1 l: n4 T, f8 R% y
% C7 t/ `7 g, i

4 f; r2 Z+ T& ^) z' P3 S% R. o函数名: stat 8 Q1 s; f* t+ d; @
功能: 读取打开文件信息 9 `) s) g) F! H( p9 ~- ~
用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
6 i: w! J! r% f9 u% Q+ i程序例: " S$ J4 y0 R8 y! K k3 A
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
 p5 W0 z, ]9 u8 L3 R6 E% \5 s% t#include <STDIO.H>
/ D5 b( |2 Z6 A* S7 `#include <TIME.H>
* Q4 M5 `( D, U5 c5 I5 z) g#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 
! B) C. ], ]! Eint main(void)
) Z: O3 k1 Y9 a. s5 |. c{
5 p, c7 t% t. U. u+ F1 d: o1 bstruct stat statbuf;
8 n; {) ~2 V* j# D4 ?3 JFILE *stream; 
, G" h; F+ u* w1 r: `6 ?+ K0 f/* open a file for update */ 4 q- w' r4 U# g9 ~% p* j
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) * }' g$ C4 u8 x( ]) @. d* \2 {
{ " V5 b2 i9 L+ V7 n+ F8 f
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
0 V- x1 K' f5 @5 B+ p/ Breturn(1);
& I- }( b _3 m4 K} 
/ J- R6 v8 |0 `) b% ^. c$ o/* get information about the file */
' ~& S, @8 R' P @9 K8 Nstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); ' L8 p- a- B) u! }' `
fclose(stream); 
9 Y2 b M, G9 u+ _9 a/* display the information returned */
7 G6 `: O; M3 O# y5 s4 h8 L/ Wif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
8 }1 g# n0 Q: f1 Uprintf("Handle refers to a device.\n");
" U: m. @4 ~- X4 mif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
+ l1 d0 k' |" B; `* J! lprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); , R% U% u" R7 P9 m7 q9 K
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
. S% p4 _* g& F1 z) D) z0 Kprintf("User has read permission on file.\n");
! P7 s% r. o0 \; L" V9 z6 ]' Aif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
# c. t. ~* V: f8 D/ \9 yprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
* Z( h5 s# B( G9 M" sprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
 ` q% ]( x# n3 S( ?# F- Tprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); 5 m8 n/ g- u+ q& G: {( d3 L% m5 | U
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
5 o8 M& ^) \+ a+ `# creturn 0;
2 j; P' k) D9 v9 t& |}
+ p# |! z9 j5 p
; N( @/ Q4 t+ b5 w4 V3 n: }9 C9 o5 ]0 Q0 o
# ]3 J; v+ `2 T+ M9 c. h V
函数名: _status87 |- ~* }4 Z- J y/ g1 g
功能: 取浮点状态 2 z( `7 k ~( o6 Z0 t( }
用法: unsigned int _status87(void);
4 {0 X0 v6 A1 s! F# B5 p( F程序例: 6 N: N; n/ I6 J; L% L7 h6 i
#include <STDIO.H>! V+ g2 b; V. r9 I6 q3 t
#include <FLOAT.H>
9 c/ h: [/ F( d1 a) Nint main(void) & g2 @# Q6 l: W4 Y3 D3 y0 j
{
8 X, f( b3 _" ~! p2 y9 f8 mfloat x;
$ q( f, w: A" l) J; Z1 bdouble y = 1.5e-100; 0 I. a3 ~! D$ C/ m$ e5 R
printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); % k% ]4 _ w0 h \& Z T `
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */ * X9 t5 D# Q0 ?. ]9 J1 p! v
y = x; 
# _8 B* G$ A+ s+ v8 n( h1 ?printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
# C8 |3 J0 K V! \. {return 0; 1 j$ W- ` \4 J3 E- H( D# o
}
* l7 B P6 _& |" D2 d3 ^
9 W8 d; m7 E8 {& \4 f
( d& @5 K% X" N, Q7 A. ]函数名: stime & H- U# }) }! l& o: L) I
功能: 设置时间 , E+ b; x8 L, ?: y2 P
用法: int stime(long *tp); 8 {6 g9 H6 t7 c4 G& D+ x' a
程序例: 5 w& ~: |2 Z/ y# j$ I
#include <STDIO.H>
2 }6 o! B9 E$ B6 A* U#include <TIME.H>
! n6 C0 C1 r% z4 X8 e#include <DOS.H>
6 \$ y5 ~' F1 s; A* I: p- P8 i. J- Q6 hint main(void) $ |' P! L. C2 M% v3 [8 _( D
{ + N( g" v, R7 Z w& F
time_t t; , F3 s3 T4 J- c! u8 `$ u+ d. o
struct tm *area; ! @1 {( z1 Z; W! q8 H$ N
t = time(NULL); ( H4 I) T/ J- h# D6 K! e
area = localtime(&t); 2 F' T, h5 g: I, N% c& w3 S \$ b W$ ]
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); * ]6 ^& P3 r, x* B) ~7 G3 o* ~2 j
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
2 |6 C: k! e i6 a3 c% yt++;
) `& [ i' b+ N) r* Y# larea = localtime(&t);
) O& e" A( L- q+ [4 ^: tprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); . d4 z" Y3 n; W4 A v7 p" {
t += 60;
) k' b# s% d" m# ~8 K) J Zarea = localtime(&t);
4 W6 X4 S" O& c) K4 ]/ _printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 8 I6 V* T+ ^6 c+ F+ w8 _9 l
t += 3600; ) g+ f. ]* @# y M
area = localtime(&t); 2 p) ] J% C: H) T4 V
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 0 G$ q+ f8 ]7 ]3 T% o0 I- g7 M
t += 86400L; 7 J' m0 u9 P' x9 j& N1 u
area = localtime(&t); 2 i0 V3 W% B- P o2 W5 Q
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
! R2 D5 F7 H6 k, m/ V; N) Mt += 2592000L; . Z$ `# u5 h7 d$ a0 W" |% G9 ?
area = localtime(&t);
' g: X6 g0 w7 R8 fprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); ( I$ z2 r7 o9 Y5 E
t += 31536000L;
9 {" F4 J' t+ ~- G/ f4 uarea = localtime(&t);
& L4 U2 Q- \2 j! p6 F Eprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
- \- b/ S3 h5 L5 ^ r2 X2 Areturn 0; 0 k9 |, ^: F' B
} i& c- N s; J

$ X6 U& s4 I' W2 n8 J3 x7 h# U$ Z( W5 u2 K5 z2 b& }& O

5 v( l* o& j2 @( N. S6 A函数名: stpcpy 
1 _3 }' T" z- G# b8 ]功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
0 v' f: R( L! t# T, X- M8 ?9 @+ `用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
$ |+ _, A1 P! q& B; y3 ?) w/ F8 h9 n程序例: 
) j9 [& v* z% @' f2 O# P* ]+ |8 \1 k#include <STDIO.H>, c' i) \+ O/ ]* w+ }
#include <STRING.H>* q& W0 T( u7 y" T# d
int main(void)
9 v9 p" p* v* D) D% n0 g% x: c{
- S/ r3 ]& h- k: ~5 ]char string[10];
6 R/ c z( A) G2 d6 Z# H! t* Rchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; & m F& E) v7 Y0 y3 W8 m! D7 ?
stpcpy(string, str1); . j2 O. c0 d$ c) u2 J/ T
printf("%s\n", string);
' E' ^$ t. Y/ B. [! _return 0; 6 ]# {# }$ Y+ s' p
}
 h' g& w# @% [0 k- Q$ c/ x$ X5 f* K8 G0 {0 ~: A7 H/ ~

( m) Z8 o: G8 m0 n' y0 W0 ]3 G2 h/ Q/ C+ m3 m3 P
函数名: strcat 7 f; i/ n* k. F; d# }
功能: 字符串拼接函数 3 h2 r. |6 r* l0 M- ~# T
用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); 7 p6 p" I" I( ?) a) }
程序例: 
! m4 E; [& X# j9 J% ^+ j3 l#include <STRING.H>0 Y7 [2 G) j! ]1 a$ \* C3 Y9 }: ]
#include <STDIO.H>
 o; ~' C% V8 i& ~9 I6 d- zint main(void)
) Y4 m6 S' v+ W; q( w* a1 j{
4 N- V( N) e& wchar destination[25]; ; p5 b$ @8 D. B; q
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; # J. ^3 u2 ^7 E- K
strcpy(destination, Borland); 6 |% v4 Z1 c: [
strcat(destination, blank);
8 h/ n% J d1 a* U; K( { Zstrcat(destination, c); 5 B' g- s/ ` O& U
printf("%s\n", destination);
. }3 ]- Z; ] g+ lreturn 0;
8 i4 s4 T5 V8 ]9 q3 S}
/ w( }' J6 ~( U1 M# M
8 b+ Y# F: t, A! L) i B, o+ G H2 h# Y# [; M
- p; T# S H8 L
函数名: strchr & P$ p! e1 }; o" q7 F0 `/ T9 S
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
4 g: g! D# X% f7 F; |2 o用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); + L* u1 x# E/ j1 u: R8 \
程序例: 
; A* O$ x. Y) }1 a' I, H#include <STRING.H>
4 i/ W$ O& b" s3 D#include <STDIO.H>
, a; S& o. z" B' z8 Bint main(void) $ ?; L2 Q/ y3 D/ Q& n
{ 7 D; J* w1 q4 G
char string[15];
9 n/ Q9 k( L: }- ?. jchar *ptr, c = 'r'; 
* A- }' J9 e. i0 T8 fstrcpy(string, "This is a string");
/ Y6 U6 J9 R% R6 iptr = strchr(string, c);
$ X! J4 J' n; ?- o0 B0 U( N4 tif (ptr)
; q2 n' b8 U! Xprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
% \0 }3 a2 O) C: @- ielse % D0 i# R& d. E' w% X% k
printf("The character was not found\n"); * ~3 W4 N+ A8 Q9 J- h5 ^
return 0;
/ Q( n, R0 K/ S} 3 h+ s6 e$ c% ?4 ~( F+ x, E/ e
" ^3 b4 a+ r; y3 h9 w4 l

$ C9 g' h9 i" y9 b7 L/ F$ J1 q8 |2 n' M
函数名: strcmp
/ c2 Z/ _; A2 H! o' L3 y$ h3 h功能: 串比较
3 J- k/ t$ R6 D( o* K- }5 m- ?用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
5 v3 h- Y& y5 ]' f0 T3 Y程序例: 4 F& _2 |0 o! g' f
#include <STRING.H>! K) F1 H$ K4 t% O5 x; n8 A% Z
#include <STDIO.H>
- J+ T( q. H6 Pint main(void) + I. R, |8 n; N" q9 w( V4 j
{ / k6 u$ q5 [! w( n8 s$ F6 y Q/ o
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; 7 a7 ~7 ^/ [- `. c! u5 N* g
int ptr; & H) `& P3 V- |, f3 B
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); $ B' w6 t$ F5 z! l1 p
if (ptr > 0)
. `! _" T# ^/ s5 l. w9 H+ bprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ( t4 ]+ \( \: N f$ P% O5 ~
else
4 h( o3 M. ~; M0 cprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); $ {8 x9 X u& g: m3 w* l9 x
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
) r- F! N5 N/ C5 l. K& q: o# Y, `# _if (ptr > 0)
' Y/ A# R5 C2 Pprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
# u# ^5 M5 J! u4 D* v% Telse
" u3 j' t# `! }3 I' f- {4 Iprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); - E3 b. k9 k5 { \5 t$ W
return 0; ; d$ h1 a: D& }5 T6 x- p9 v4 x& X
}
; a! a, q, y: y1 g
* Z' \" y! E5 A! v) H d, }+ x: U- j7 o4 a7 z( @- g
! I$ k! i# ^8 D, m% h/ z: \2 ~/ W9 r {
函数名: strncmpi 
3 D: e; j* Z+ H功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
' y y2 ~& i5 r- B" H3 Q用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
6 p% e4 P( ^4 D1 w! L程序例: ( ^/ A+ v' Y* B7 E; ` N
#include <STRING.H>
2 T, u. B0 z+ h! O; q1 x9 F {#include <STDIO.H>
7 Q! O; k' w1 zint main(void) ( k5 u5 Y+ B* ?' w( p/ O
{
8 j; x* }2 f: E8 ~3 Achar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
1 T, `! a" G& u6 K" n- R: uint ptr; 
& J) l3 z9 _/ K- q gptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); + |2 y9 |/ i8 ^7 }! V A
if (ptr > 0)
# b, e) y c& @$ Z9 Q+ iprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ; j Q) q$ T4 t! B7 R; h
if (ptr < 0)
5 n& F. A4 W2 o- j; d5 |4 Eprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); q) P7 ~4 Y. O
if (ptr == 0) + w/ [$ k/ F! ]: ?( f G& ^* @9 n6 i& I y
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); . _, e2 U! r+ _9 m/ [
return 0;
8 V$ H6 ^2 v& _/ U$ {& c}
( ~/ v4 z' ~) C7 J" l& y4 T, o9 R+ {
# E: `' D0 |' ^
3 R3 ^, A( j7 ~ _2 b
函数名: strcpy 2 j9 }' w3 s z0 i* q3 S
功能: 串拷贝 & A1 K9 n1 y8 I# y
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
* O+ @* `' x& c程序例: ) \3 @' X2 q' M* H% u
#include <STDIO.H>
. W+ E* ~, u. O) g9 u* Y#include <STRING.H>3 j! N: w |0 d1 E1 A& H
int main(void)
; |1 w- M+ [" c- c6 X! e+ L( E{
* u8 D, C. j4 M- F/ B/ }3 Qchar string[10]; ; W) h5 S% h# |& M" A
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 4 l7 F9 V: a0 r% Q& A& `
strcpy(string, str1);
3 F5 }& y* b- ~8 [( E6 U6 Hprintf("%s\n", string);
' ]* ?. S3 T7 X1 @return 0;
1 x3 W1 N5 A' I0 H6 O5 v} # q, _ @2 \ n: P$ O

: t8 Q R2 k' Y
1 o& d# I0 C8 t# r4 O( n* o9 p" N2 t k; ]* G J
函数名: strcspn 
- E+ G* M1 W2 B0 d. N3 V功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 0 I' ?" B% v: ?
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
# @0 |6 Z# [5 h4 I$ ?5 [9 R7 L程序例: 
8 j9 ?' |3 q& G$ y* @# G4 }#include <STDIO.H>
2 n* I8 A! O1 o* p* E#include <STRING.H>
- }$ C. [ f4 w5 x! F* v$ X/ G#include <ALLOC.H>, _) y) H8 n7 K$ @; _; ]
int main(void) 1 N6 n" b8 d+ f; e6 i- J2 g
{ $ J. F1 M2 B+ q$ q+ b
char *string1 = "1234567890"; 6 @* |& @! l# V* O; T* M
char *string2 = "747DC8";
$ E8 y# N1 M1 O3 Q, Z, Oint length; ( \5 F+ d) `2 y( O& {0 R% Z
length = strcspn(string1, string2);
6 }0 q' i# o" e1 f2 ~8 g" aprintf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
1 V5 n: Z; ~7 y0 a# G) |+ a ~3 R# qreturn 0; " |0 L0 h4 x. `5 g0 F' b4 S
}
! a+ d4 \0 g) ?( _( w) L6 U0 y" t) I- j% _4 \
8 H" z6 Q/ N/ A' x: M. y( ]! `
& S# d5 Q0 O) j
函数名: strdup 9 w8 N" V2 q. V9 ?/ u
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
" J% w1 b! W# J+ l: ~& x# M用法: char *strdup(char *str);
/ h$ q7 n2 g$ I* t' ?, v; r: a程序例: 
" c. c/ H# U" `#include <STDIO.H>
7 Z# X% I- X4 R; x9 `$ J#include <STRING.H>
& e! d% M/ z8 i* i#include <ALLOC.H>3 q; ?, r1 n. z; i( v( K
int main(void) ?5 l; E- e% r1 C
{
: a1 H5 F" x: S1 [2 m3 [9 Wchar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
; y y* N$ b3 qdup_str = strdup(string); 5 u, E' @1 M3 t
printf("%s\n", dup_str); 3 W+ q# S/ }8 S) G
free(dup_str); , e9 L P& L8 j/ G5 V) c1 W7 C
return 0;
/ z, u5 V& F2 o4 Y}
# [. w( B4 S7 C( C: p. w
! M0 Z6 }6 ?& @& t& J' H# B# Q& ~! e( x+ v

2 i/ i! Z$ V \6 n0 z8 l函数名: stricmp ; _7 {! ~; Z, m: Q
功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
0 }4 D* n5 l4 [0 }( A! }" K) D9 O用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); - q1 q" Y9 ~- T' l% U( q' c- G0 \8 @$ O7 D. G
程序例: 
. a3 c. z/ v1 C u8 R0 _( E' G, }#include <STRING.H>! p5 `8 z0 L5 m9 N9 X( M+ o( \- u
#include <STDIO.H>" P8 ^" Y1 X) L0 U6 h7 R
int main(void) 4 I; F* v* A. w, _: f2 }; d
{
) }+ X" \! `% `4 jchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
& s4 z) ]" ?1 Cint ptr; % p$ F( X4 x. x! H' p3 ?- G- r
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); ) X) U; R1 c9 p" @! B7 f+ u
if (ptr > 0) : f4 N+ M: J. g% U
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
9 E, Y% }$ D7 z5 h2 G: J! Mif (ptr < 0) % p! I9 p1 j) @1 e. z, e) _/ a& D0 d
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); . D3 A6 w, }# i' A; R G* _
if (ptr == 0) / N, U2 _# n2 O% O! i" a. l
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 2 X( j/ q# K& n
return 0;
4 U. I8 m! n$ E2 L; e4 X} 0 m7 N2 @9 u3 g( v
! {0 B3 W5 K1 b& b
4 @$ j t' ^% e! U, M$ A
函数名: strerror 
% Z% K# r( K+ W( t. y功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 " s g6 C& g1 l2 |
用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
/ A- ^" q) W% n+ a' o程序例: 
/ K- @$ z* `) s9 T#include <STDIO.H>
$ u# W1 Q n9 k) n#include <ERRNO.H>
 t: r9 r7 _& P' \: l' Z* fint main(void) 3 \ X2 e1 y0 w. R4 D
{ - q! N! k6 s0 W. |5 Z- x9 ^7 `1 t
char *buffer; + C, a, u' t: W! W+ B- h
buffer = strerror(errno);
 x9 X5 b2 D9 [; \) Wprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer); 4 X1 R; _" Z" W* D6 m$ h
return 0;
- Y$ }: o$ w3 t) j0 g}
: P9 q/ r C& c2 e" T; G# f* v2 h( d" ]

7 @% e' D! x3 G5 f- g/ z
; o$ S5 E2 p/ ~) C; m. ~2 Q+ o函数名: strcmpi 
# d4 n% k) T, E/ O; y功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 / u4 p- ~/ ~* A
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
1 |9 R8 N; {9 }8 f7 y程序例: 
, O q1 B1 ~& n3 y V- w7 i- y#include <STRING.H>
' P `3 g1 L- u Q#include <STDIO.H>* @( f2 M: n# w8 z, a
int main(void) 4 K" M, X0 J9 w
{ / g6 T9 m) u7 j6 h
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 7 R- O1 G% `* v0 S
int ptr; ' H6 D- ~' [7 l/ B1 {0 B
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); O: j7 n5 k: e" I( J$ I; o
if (ptr > 0) 0 {) q& l K+ d5 l5 W
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); # q( r- Z$ M1 j( S) `% }
if (ptr < 0) / v2 Z# x+ M5 x" M; H2 y. H- }
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
& ?8 p- m, k5 A: [& e& w- xif (ptr == 0)
9 ~9 B% {, C2 V: M4 n ?7 D; aprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
$ K1 z( z) r& {; \6 a2 M5 Freturn 0; + _/ G. U5 E- `2 n
} 2 _1 c( F; V+ j: ]

) m- s! u+ J! h& u+ x0 I
" I: }( Z: X& J
2 ?3 C- N, ?: Y4 j9 f2 c% i) P" n( u函数名: strncmp * |5 |8 y5 i) e3 V4 w% l0 o
功能: 串比较
# J! f, D7 m8 O+ F7 h5 a6 P用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); / d: @1 }& e7 A+ I
程序例: 8 \: c p y- Z' `! Y' i
#include <STRING.H>
/ e7 w: [0 M+ q2 B2 m! Z3 ~#include <STDIO.H>
+ c. R$ C; ^) K2 _8 \) `8 Bint main(void) 
6 Z5 l, \' i* }4 t{
7 }1 i9 H( F0 N$ t" [7 j2 d5 L. N5 {char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; $ y2 \. }. O: B5 f1 ~
int ptr; % `: y2 w2 H H$ m! @' S
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); 2 M& N0 i. M8 O
if (ptr > 0) a$ ]! {6 a/ O6 t( r' O4 g* C6 N
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 6 ^# J0 X1 L" a1 J+ C* H
else & }6 b7 c6 C& G6 b2 Z$ M
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 2 @& Y' w7 k) e- e. Q
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
4 }0 ?3 K3 ~5 j+ X$ u, zif (ptr > 0) 1 s' W3 `# W. U! D
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
 ~1 i) p% E0 O1 |& z4 K! Helse - T& m& D, R" W! v0 ~& |4 ^. I
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 3 W6 _( a1 c6 `& ?! N) d
return(0); % p. P; J Y0 g4 T* F
} 5 O$ I0 k9 p, Q4 z; [
) Q2 ~2 g5 u7 R
+ D1 H+ E; d# }
函数名: strncmpi 
* i, K0 z2 |( s T9 u% Z功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
; L3 J2 {" h& D: E用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
6 ^8 ], O C q( L8 W X: w程序例: ; s% E, P+ S- T, V$ _: ?+ H+ _$ k
#include <STRING.H>+ @. }+ h% f; o" n
#include <STDIO.H>0 c* c7 n& @, {0 G# I: U
int main(void)
+ t* o& q# ~/ D{
, ^& {" D: b8 |% Dchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; " N/ _ g$ w$ B3 S' Q, p
int ptr; 
3 A7 k u8 p4 w8 ~ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); . F! n/ H# r& K* H
if (ptr > 0)
6 P9 Z/ q& v$ k, \printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
3 N" a) D0 K% f% y5 mif (ptr < 0)
- s; L$ J; b0 e- {% Z+ _printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
& }0 n& ]1 }, s: u% E& \if (ptr == 0)
5 k' w0 S V9 A% g0 X1 ~- |1 Z# Gprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); . L* Y6 {/ \9 x1 U: V
return 0; 
' _! ^! a& n6 E1 x9 W% ?} 3 x+ q7 z E5 K3 V0 a& c
9 P4 n9 h' |; E

: A6 u! u/ `9 q' p; m函数名: strncpy ' H7 N6 ^5 _# |
功能: 串拷贝 % t3 o: W7 @, h, Y: g
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
# j O0 c8 i, m Q/ F程序例: + V8 j7 q( \6 x- _+ u
#include <STDIO.H>
6 u8 s8 i3 B/ ]4 M' ]! ?( x#include <STRING.H>1 D" Y; W! R. \- ~# C
int main(void) $ B2 o+ Y5 D' Q5 I& U& X7 x$ I3 d
{ & S" n& v6 L0 L. F) ]
char string[10]; * f! O9 u- A0 L Z7 g# I
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 1 b. x( _+ e, w8 B: M
strncpy(string, str1, 3);
/ K: `) P [/ z- t; D: R0 {string[3] = '\0'; 7 O! y! f& P2 y: d! I
printf("%s\n", string); , W6 y3 y" c$ @& {. t
return 0;
- I" K3 Z# L* u+ ^( q2 y}
( {! r9 s6 q* A
) H: k" Y1 T. H/ l+ E% L
, F1 u( o, A! P8 q% i" `) U, Z* l函数名: strnicmp 4 E9 x5 C1 _5 ]
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 2 ] i" P+ E7 B3 W0 D1 ~6 L/ ?
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); P$ i1 T2 ^' }+ Q" v
程序例: 
 N$ @( D0 H8 ]0 [0 h4 }0 ]$ ~#include <STRING.H>
& L$ M. s) {" p4 B0 O#include <STDIO.H>% l* |7 S8 u3 W3 ^0 F" I
int main(void)
; ^9 `6 _ `) Y5 Y, q2 b* r' w{
 m+ @7 Y7 }9 J" A Bchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; : g1 d: D9 M5 Z$ ?" @
int ptr; % p' v9 A* }' ?" Q1 {8 ^/ [; t3 d( `
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); ( F2 C! [( }& W9 c# M: n* O
if (ptr > 0)
- a8 q2 l0 ]9 v2 N2 qprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 1 H+ k) M* J, O7 f3 c% n
if (ptr < 0) ) h) V) n; P- V* H: G3 ?
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ' w6 J m0 Q& `5 D4 J5 U3 Q/ O: t
if (ptr == 0) 2 p {2 n! ]8 Q! |- b O
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); ( O! C( D* G4 x/ s Q
return 0;
; t' s8 E% k, i* C! R' {! p}
( F9 N, Y% p8 {. x0 G& w; W# I3 k
& L; F' s+ z* E. T. l, G4 }, h) {( \* Y7 | j
0 O. Q8 v* c2 r% z
函数名: strnset 
- p( T5 v' o& _) B功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 + o( m. T$ \2 }% z* u9 {4 A! S
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
) y( k% D5 I: U: B程序例: 
9 C7 U+ c$ @5 T8 h#include <STDIO.H>4 E X( E4 L: V2 j3 [
#include <STRING.H> S. A$ ]2 M0 k9 y: e
int main(void) 2 P3 Q" y& a6 k+ u
{ 0 c2 v8 K6 ?4 z1 ?7 h
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 u9 ^! m% S* P1 i9 Pchar letter = 'x'; 8 t8 W2 G9 n# K6 }: r$ j2 d3 V
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
) K: d- s' t, r9 sstrnset(string, letter, 13); ) v8 e3 U; _$ o8 s9 f1 q
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); ( V5 @# h, k& p Y2 L
return 0;
; g2 S y+ E c* x0 _& U6 C} 7 f: X8 x# [9 P$ n, F3 h9 s2 z

6 L" Z% a+ t. G6 D1 P0 k6 M2 U$ G# U" Q8 a0 _
函数名: strpbrk 
. Z( q, \2 `+ a& h. B$ S功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
% Z# l( C" W" H6 v: q2 s: N用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); 2 T w4 k0 _5 I
程序例: 
; Y2 c F. X ]: A* |; Z- l#include <STDIO.H>
# T! w! }- y6 |3 N) h2 }#include <STRING.H>
( [2 B3 O- t: ~int main(void) , J* O' Q C, Z+ k
{ . x2 b; h6 [4 C* @& [
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
' b: ^0 a# F3 l! ^" Tchar *string2 = "onm";
3 S, ~0 V9 ~0 \' c; F! |8 K0 Schar *ptr; , g( L" ?4 k7 r
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); - E4 u% @! Q5 f. j' P
if (ptr) 3 H) U8 J) v% L( p5 Y! t& s
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
& d: @4 ]( W) }+ t$ Gelse * J) l. E9 v$ ?/ _* o
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
2 s7 V: e+ W5 p0 e7 n3 Rreturn 0; 6 K! |3 x( o0 ?
}
- z3 _0 O% v- A6 J: t9 _/ H
6 f; u# Z8 n8 y" Q" u5 B- i! w0 n9 }& L
: |9 R7 Z/ M$ M2 c2 c+ M
函数名: strrchr 
, X; h7 w: E" A0 ]( _1 m功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
: N' G. A( s# A) w用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
2 r) H: I, ~' g; u: m程序例: 
! i& M+ u$ ]3 b6 l#include <STRING.H>/ Z( a, J2 `! @ ^
#include <STDIO.H>
7 i. f+ Y0 q0 n3 J2 L: N2 q" o9 Bint main(void) 3 U3 B. h$ x, Y% w
{
* O! R8 L! N m2 M; Z8 lchar string[15]; / q$ z) Q6 @# j; P; u! f5 D
char *ptr, c = 'r'; & v4 `' q8 w) x0 b, k E& p* L. \
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
2 m9 q8 u. s0 U8 k! Mptr = strrchr(string, c);
. J1 s6 K: h/ v# ^if (ptr)
. y+ i& {. ?; ] Q V5 dprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
- ]! P, D5 x2 C% ?# J% W1 nelse 2 |* i6 J; p6 Q( `5 I
printf("The character was not found\n"); - @' f3 D. |* Y- [- i0 m. N9 b
return 0;
: w. F/ W/ g* r" A: c} 8 c- D+ d1 d/ D0 x6 v
1 B k D+ m1 R3 |( C7 ]( c( v
" O$ N* @3 t% W6 L
) g/ k& o& u9 p. n/ k0 M, i2 s) p1 z
函数名: strrev 9 j) v+ ]9 F/ J' V* B8 B: k5 q' P5 @! t$ L
功能: 串倒转
8 B/ L' O* ?8 f. ~# c用法: char *strrev(char *str);
& A) D a; J& t* d6 E7 D7 @7 B- @) S程序例: 
7 O3 `3 G3 F0 `& O#include <STRING.H>! I# j+ F$ g' |! h. W
#include <STDIO.H>& T6 z; _5 \ H% _
int main(void)
1 K6 N* Q- z9 i8 w/ ]{ 8 e2 t) c" t: N5 \3 u3 [7 Y3 J
char *forward = "string"; , i' W Q* } i! v. ?8 |) S! V
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); " H; |" f6 H; z0 y6 |% v+ J
strrev(forward);
0 y9 D# i# ? I0 h$ X4 M& W% u9 B( Kprintf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); ! M" v& Z- U+ L) p% H |- n
return 0;
/ ?' S9 H* H$ h3 I2 k} 6 R- o: f' y. P( W( _8 F
1 m0 u5 g- A+ N# e, ?3 l$ V
函数名: strset % l) O: \: h; v3 ]9 {. q2 q( }- x
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
) ~+ n9 f C6 \用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); 2 A+ x$ E1 I6 t4 F
程序例: 
6 c5 ?$ U, \. b# N' e e#include <STDIO.H>: _5 o' J3 @1 W* T: g8 I6 N- s
#include <STRING.H>+ c) g+ B" p! P! ^ w4 f6 A( M
int main(void)
4 S+ i1 d' [2 \. M{ 8 N* Z' [7 w- V
char string[10] = "123456789"; 1 I9 m6 ?8 R# o3 O
char symbol = 'c'; * M+ A! Y+ ~5 B, l0 z( T
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); 4 x/ I, z2 b$ _/ b1 ]4 E( e6 D F
strset(string, symbol); ( o; @ |9 i* K! V- J+ y+ [
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
* t+ G5 N n. q6 _return 0; ! s) T; o7 Y$ I) d& ]" q
} ( w8 _6 y4 C' d I4 i' U# B
8 s% F1 O$ B$ k) H, y

- y+ O+ p S8 `+ X* c; [0 ~4 K! i6 J# U* B
函数名: strspn 
0 L. d. x; m) G7 N% c' z& {) i7 r功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
6 i- |; D: J/ U* n用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
5 }! r7 j* {8 y, R: N6 @程序例: 0 V2 C$ s6 s3 _9 a1 s$ W
#include <STDIO.H>
" i9 Y1 p2 K. u! _% a3 u#include <STRING.H>4 E- \9 c5 e$ G3 g
#include <ALLOC.H>
; b# b2 U: j* F" t/ w5 M, C4 [% dint main(void) ; E0 C0 j' O! R6 |, l; c, g( y1 ?
{ * ?0 Z3 {/ d$ @, b( o
char *string1 = "1234567890";
, [; |7 ]2 E! E5 _) h+ M bchar *string2 = "123DC8"; . P# v# a; A: f
int length; : f8 r/ t1 v! t; e7 h
length = strspn(string1, string2); 8 k% {9 C: F1 r7 p( K9 J- F( Z
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
5 g$ f5 r! y1 H/ S: r* l. l7 freturn 0;
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函数名: strstr 
1 h( t' w0 Y H$ v9 x8 q/ |功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 6 n" d4 r2 y5 k6 m( Z
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
# E$ t* O2 D; C0 Y6 e' h1 H程序例: 9 G- a* }: _- ^, b7 f# H4 O
#include <STDIO.H>
. Y! m0 y4 _% @: M#include <STRING.H>
9 F- I/ q; [: j+ j: a# Y$ H4 oint main(void)
% N7 X$ g% N0 p7 L) j! C4 s{ 4 k6 z; Q: W3 F" y
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; " _, H! L: B1 y, g2 W/ ]) D
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
7 h2 m- F% d1 @' Jprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); # u! `$ k* q& h, t: \( G
return 0; - n2 g& s, u0 W
} 
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; b/ B+ R9 F" d" B- G+ R6 }- _函数名: strtod 
# W" d, T1 }+ X, b功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
0 `2 Q* F$ B4 @2 C& ]0 W+ J+ \用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
) l" ]1 z# [" x- z程序例: 
- E. R9 m( `. L) f. h4 @2 I+ k. H3 J# H#include <STDIO.H>- P! D5 v) |0 u5 }
#include <STDLIB.H>: K0 q5 Y/ ?" {' I) J& \6 |/ V {
int main(void) + O0 s8 g. j! j& I7 J
{
% g3 ~' Y0 |& N9 pchar input[80], *endptr;
& G; Q( M) R1 ^. B- j$ C% S9 Hdouble value; 
: P# J$ V q" iprintf("Enter a floating point number:");
% g) m6 @! }8 w3 @gets(input);
, ~* i6 C9 }: Z% ?" N4 }2 hvalue = strtod(input, &endptr); : X& k) j( P2 l4 O" l3 Y' i0 `
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
: S/ d7 v% T, l; [( f: Hreturn 0;
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( G: `, ^, A% ~" ]! @函数名: strtok 
4 n+ B8 o/ |3 r; g功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
! f( H0 H z5 Q" Y, J! G用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); . G7 t+ O* @' c8 m$ K; H# t
程序例: 
" a `: v5 u, c7 F+ f( g4 w4 X#include <STRING.H>+ E* n: a5 a: }. k2 z1 E" _
#include <STDIO.H>
( Y: \: \# [; B. G% l. c: w5 z( Tint main(void)
' w! X% |0 R9 M0 N{
8 }' |+ V# c9 F8 Cchar input[16] = "abc,d"; 5 u5 P! V& `& p* ?4 |( t, g: [ C
char *p; H) d& }' r7 |/ |0 N
/* strtok places a NULL terminator x0 f% R/ O: _% {9 J8 h
in front of the token, if found */ 4 c: l- @ K2 R+ T% \$ Q( J" \8 R
p = strtok(input, ","); 9 A5 l* C U' h: z/ g; M) E& U
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); 
% B4 v. S9 K' \4 N% X/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
; p0 [; t* H$ D5 x' y7 j6 las the first parameter returns a pointer 4 c1 V: @% P1 o2 E7 z: a
to the character following the token */ 9 _: b. [, g( R' I2 L7 M
p = strtok(NULL, ","); ; R7 \! b v' D; r
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
8 y5 Z2 k8 @3 dreturn 0;
- k" y. {; M! \! F9 {" f* J}
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0 M: O7 L+ l8 b) a# e; m: N7 \函数名: strtol 8 Y0 H: Q* d# F4 z
功能: 将串转换为长整数
6 G5 F0 {2 H: y9 @7 G- I* F, k用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
* G z' M- J7 Y e* F: C* }程序例: 
) _5 B+ J; {7 ]9 K#include <STDLIB.H>$ j2 R6 A) k7 O3 B4 z% ~
#include <STDIO.H>; q8 Q1 I- J; O' {& Q
int main(void) ; L9 |" w' K1 q0 G, B
{ ( k" ~; X- j3 _( i' L( X R
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
6 i: R: w) K; |long lnumber; , X y4 C( Z9 e2 H/ V& k9 x
/* strtol converts string to long integer */ ' d% H+ ?! t- A: p
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); & E9 _' M) Q! w8 s4 t; X9 {
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); / O4 P0 V9 w `! r
return 0; 6 V- J: B8 u- o5 G" o: ^9 G
} - d9 K: B2 ^; x4 R3 T" i
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函数名: strupr 
1 d2 r. d* `9 v" {6 f功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
9 T" g; ?* g- H6 c" l3 Z: Q2 {用法: char *strupr(char *str);
' E% X# F _& o$ `! g( T程序例: 
; ?4 g3 A. b' ^4 C! C; X# h#include <STDIO.H>8 e1 k$ b6 n4 {6 w1 r
#include <STRING.H>
( I2 V5 l2 R1 H8 B+ |int main(void)
/ E+ G0 D% x& `( N$ h{
& \. e- r3 f3 q. V5 C( b) dchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
 _. p5 c0 w8 D/* converts string to upper case characters */ . N: h0 I( Y# m5 D. x l6 v% n
ptr = strupr(string); ! \' Q1 W! Q4 O" z+ |' Y" K
printf("%s\n", ptr); 6 M: I% }- v( a+ s' P: a( ~& l0 H
return 0; 0 b/ W6 h2 G6 o3 ]2 ^- x0 N0 T
} ' ]9 _5 E) G% U0 `4 N+ ?
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. o h6 N0 o* b% Y函数名: swab 
, K3 t" s* b# I' b3 S; B' g功能: 交换字节
; m }. s# @* X& }: R# {8 M. N2 C+ l用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
2 ]7 b* s9 V2 X' [2 s. e% |程序例: / f1 S; Q5 L9 n4 ^9 N
#include <STDLIB.H>
/ b \8 j# }# B0 ] G0 Q, |#include <STDIO.H>$ ^' e# q3 `3 P# V* s2 c3 X
#include <STRING.H>
+ f$ Z0 H$ A5 }: bchar source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
7 L7 ~0 L! w6 r4 ?- {char target[15]; * u P* Y' G, C+ G. p. F& w
int main(void)
6 m% d7 f# @3 y& O/ Y! J{
8 O1 c5 u. n8 \6 lswab(source, target, strlen(source));
$ J8 v. ?0 q4 M0 J8 [" ^printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
+ @/ s; p Q7 L* v9 z+ i6 N' ^return 0;
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$ _9 D& D7 `2 [- z9 P7 U

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函数名: system ( y# z5 m; ^8 N+ w
功能: 发出一个DOS命令 0 r0 E4 s$ Z9 ?# w* {( d9 h
用法: int system(char *command);
" }& Z+ A4 g6 C. k! n8 k! T程序例: 
8 T# p; M) [2 p! ]; e, f#include <STDLIB.H>
3 e( C" s* t+ V2 |; B0 g# |#include <STDIO.H>* t5 f) R# Y# {
int main(void)
' Y8 L1 U+ E6 g; T9 D{ ; I( R7 s9 E/ w6 v7 Q& {
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n"); & R ^3 E6 t& l( v2 s4 z
system("dir"); ! j6 V. \+ a5 o \5 L, Q
return 0; 0 q, O: j% }6 w J% ]
}