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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 5 ]; r+ Y, X2 g2 b$ @& p! F
/* display the gray scale */
7 y5 ^8 y$ b( A5 ^ht = getmaxy() / 16;
9 H# \9 B- I% X& E) Z0 f/ w, J4 Wxmax = getmaxx();
y = 0; 2 |8 i* C7 C/ h
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { ( Q; i0 B# i1 B
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); / }$ u/ u0 |. ?& t5 C; _' |
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); / S) z ^0 B, N& U9 ?. Y
y += ht;
0 \) f% T" e- I} 
9 U4 K6 [6 Y0 Z7 B, m/* clean up */
. g5 [' i% `# [ jgetch();
* ]/ N3 N/ l7 xclosegraph();
7 A8 k. ]) @; E `7 N1 hreturn 0;
& T4 W6 G9 l- ^} - J" e, c( K2 C! J) {, A

7 X8 \/ I" R/ s2 e+ A3 F& c
! o5 t& Y0 O/ n0 U) W0 M4 s* X9 I
" S" V9 `7 D$ X# o$ \& A, @ F函数名: settextjustify 
" Z# K- i0 `& W/ g( W功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 * _; g6 U; t. D8 W$ o, W5 u
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
$ L/ J! k% p+ H; l1 x程序例: $ X! F. e; h6 v
#include <GRAPHICS.H>: T2 ^& D4 y' t& i7 m
#include <STDLIB.H>: D! [ e( c- i Z
#include <STDIO.H>8 ?5 j: k t/ o
#include <CONIO.H>
$ h1 x: @ ^* d9 h+ J# q1 M% c/* function prototype */
& o( x l- C0 w# E! Uvoid xat(int x, int y); 3 A) K* J6 Z/ Y- R. t0 C
/* horizontal text justification settings */
1 [/ D* m7 b' _& Q: V$ }+ Tchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", 6 T- k/ S" E3 [' T
"CENTER_TEXT", 5 y) R/ T) \ j% r
"RIGHT_TEXT" x5 Z1 ~% ]4 V1 j1 ^: W( {! V/ I% E0 R
}; 0 a7 y5 r) C* _, ?0 `
/* vertical text justification settings */ 7 p% E- j9 X _
char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
" i2 S. I% y8 @, e+ v+ N/ V"CENTER_TEXT",
" ^$ Q r# c: a5 S9 P& ]"RIGHT_TEXT"
, F& u0 B m% S4 u4 s j8 @}; " T+ ? N1 ?- P g$ } l/ ? b
int main(void) : G+ }2 @8 ?) s2 B$ a4 w, N
{
! y4 ~8 R) j1 e/* request auto detection */
% U, Y/ ]0 K2 I6 C( }+ l7 Yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; C' o' q( o5 p# W" e$ c- ?1 E
int midx, midy, hj, vj; 4 r; h+ X' m# y: c5 X
char msg[80]; 
+ l$ O/ b5 F5 k) d' u$ g/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ! O: o3 W: [. |0 f- I
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); * c% d# M" X F. V& u
/* read result of initialization */
# M4 d2 n: j: N! nerrorcode = graphresult(); 6 u8 L5 S8 i, r) w
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
3 X& Q7 d; E2 i% E! R4 N{
3 q1 v* {1 i2 Pprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, |1 H5 [% @: D9 Uprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ) B( u- e/ I: c0 S
getch();
: d5 q, m$ Q# I, Hexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 8 P) O3 t; P7 @8 T7 [
} $ K3 E4 J, f9 ~' _( e
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 6 z1 o) E: P: V8 Z& T8 k0 e) A5 n
midy = getmaxy() / 2; . _4 p# O, Q& x0 T9 I7 f. O. a L3 ~7 Z
/* loop through text justifications */
" z3 L8 n& g( o0 e0 wfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
( C7 w5 M" m4 ^, p- n' U% Dfor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) 7 q0 @5 y) q J; y8 \( l0 {
{
/ z* n3 g( R1 x8 J7 V; tcleardevice(); - v+ n3 i3 D: a s1 b9 {
/* set the text justification */ + J- N( s7 A. H
settextjustify(hj, vj); 
5 Z4 w" @! B* q/* create a message string */
 j% d) X- K6 M* usprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 
. B! \( s5 h) W- c3 K; P; y; R$ a/* create cross hairs on the screen */ $ L+ {) D0 P1 X1 G6 _! b
xat(midx, midy); 9 T. E7 f9 p* t: {5 \* D% C
/* output the message */ : N1 T3 F8 c7 g" O5 }9 q5 d
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
. J' K+ G, S- E- j. y! R: tgetch(); 0 [: x# ~( P6 k/ ^! e
} ; w' m4 H: Z- \7 X$ T! t5 }: H: x
/* clean up */ % k6 Y2 u/ T ~$ [
closegraph(); : x0 ]# _0 }. \ x0 ^
return 0;
6 q) R9 H3 F* J" k# L7 z} ' z5 q& q! B2 ]6 g `- c
/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ 4 m0 d% D$ M7 a) O; t
void xat(int x, int y)
4 i* `& D: \ L- u# f* ]8 e{ $ v* G" J1 B+ e
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); 2 Z" L* o& V* o' }5 k9 v
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
5 m/ B2 a Q" n" |* e} ; Z( w" ^3 G8 ?3 H* o7 L' K

4 x$ y% `- D" V6 D j, |
6 Y# O2 I! X8 b6 |函数名: settextstyle 
- y, V. V& e' |* O4 l W功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 ' x/ ^4 _9 M" V$ f. ~4 `/ ~( ~
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); / |& `6 q" ]5 n$ }8 k
程序例: # Y7 R {. i$ @* ]2 r
#include <GRAPHICS.H>3 O- D) Q" g8 L% I S2 r. n* Z
#include <STDLIB.H>
5 ^, g- Z6 B8 y b#include <STDIO.H>
7 d- P1 U+ U: M& |: k I9 ^/ Q#include <CONIO.H>3 D$ Q6 e/ V S7 r5 A
/* the names of the text styles supported */ 6 v: O9 L5 T3 }" N
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", # c" l8 q, M2 h& ]' [% e6 X- x
"TRIPLEX font", 1 ~# ~* r/ I; j U/ ~8 m
"SMALL font", # s) a! D+ A/ ? K5 f% i0 q
"SANS SERIF font",
* `/ f$ h, U! ["GOTHIC font"
, J9 L9 \: T, Z}; 
3 Q; I0 P# V! {& q: Xint main(void)
# P6 J9 T) g4 l, n: Z{ Z, a' r8 z: K- O! R
/* request auto detection */
9 u$ n- ^! u( ^( Oint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
8 G% S) p, X# ^1 r) zint style, midx, midy;
) ]3 I) F+ N, m: b; g1 x4 d; O' ]int size = 1; 9 q/ x' y0 z2 b* b `% L; M& d
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
+ `6 x7 G8 [) x8 i6 x7 Oinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
& {$ `1 j1 q0 j/* read result of initialization */
/ p+ r0 q; k( ^9 \* h9 v1 ^errorcode = graphresult();
$ g9 Y) b8 Z# k k5 a% L' Vif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # |/ H: Y1 ~- T) U/ ~
{ 4 ]2 D: D' }2 K2 ^+ l
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); C5 f2 n i( Z1 d* R, M
printf("Press any key to halt:");
( `& u5 a0 o3 f5 b5 qgetch(); 5 E* i$ ?3 L! f
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ * X$ Y5 t% H6 \; F% S
} 
6 I# E- z( q3 E z" Smidx = getmaxx() / 2;
7 @+ G/ P& {& i: n, [* [$ @midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
+ Z8 _ f2 P( o, c- Msettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
6 ~ _3 v( f3 D5 |4 B/* loop through the available text styles */ , ?3 Y% g: _# x# Y( `! z
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
4 H* W! J m) g" T: [{ * E+ Q0 j. J* [6 c; ^! {# E" i
cleardevice();
% S2 \$ Q* g" }$ [) E0 p( _, `if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 3 p$ J# L# T$ c- H" Z; i3 |
size = 4; # H/ |1 k$ Q, C3 r0 A1 D
/* select the text style */
7 q1 z$ o& K: v3 S" zsettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
" j2 {" \" K# m4 K9 u$ t/* output a message */ " D1 J& H& P; `3 n; M: f1 K
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
6 _ T. z8 B, C* c% tgetch();
; c/ q6 P, J2 L& U; ?2 Q} 
 b8 E- k1 a. B$ c% l* s0 M0 R4 e/* clean up */ ( b9 w: G! N& X5 m2 [- `8 P2 q
closegraph();
. d- G2 X! h# d( b/ s) N! \* R) Areturn 0; 8 k) |& Q* y- S, n% x( w5 o
}
8 Q4 X6 G+ r' S4 I
 z9 w# j# o! M# f9 X* l. D
$ i- { b k6 e# e4 ?# b* q$ r函数名: settextstyle 
& z& F1 v7 S9 }, x# X b. ~; N7 |功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
- ?2 v( |0 X2 B+ ~* q0 a1 l用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); - H0 o) o0 A! ?8 E1 m
程序例: 
8 C% Z: s4 }! j7 }: N. s/ j* K" n#include <GRAPHICS.H>
+ w# x0 M t# q0 o9 a#include <STDLIB.H>3 o3 R4 a6 M( F: O
#include <STDIO.H>) j& D' {5 d9 |2 _7 A5 A
#include <CONIO.H>
; Q6 q% H- M o9 v/* the names of the text styles supported */
3 }( y9 a6 q# Z5 C. gchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", 4 i; G8 B1 Z. N/ H- o. T
"TRIPLEX font",
2 l/ |9 r7 A8 G$ @% ^6 y"SMALL font", G% l" a' C2 s* M" D) L
"SANS SERIF font", : k b/ u+ f; n
"GOTHIC font"
8 N( U* S3 F) C! l- H! e}; 
$ D7 k7 O" y1 S! A+ o jint main(void)
( B% V" q+ \( s/ ~# m{ - i9 T$ I, p4 E. e5 H' A- _& M) i
/* request auto detection */
! o3 f% j; e7 H- ~int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
 y. t2 L5 P6 Z6 q! |7 T5 |$ Mint style, midx, midy; . ]9 i: F/ i6 K5 i; ^3 u5 c
int size = 1; & e+ e- a' N9 {
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
* l& r1 W9 b: ]initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 7 _7 ^' T" l) F6 [, U
/* read result of initialization */ 2 m C: q; U* i2 g" |
errorcode = graphresult(); ! W: z/ T/ a, B, \2 A h% {
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
1 w$ f6 |( y. a) M1 v0 }{
% Z: Q2 E% v( [+ Kprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 o: ?: @* T5 x
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ( X) b( r& r8 d/ c
getch(); 1 u; m1 u: K/ j8 r3 h- V% W
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
, e4 W- u9 o, i! m} + k' ]% z: `: W1 m0 D7 T
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
7 [: ?( m( n, emidy = getmaxy() / 2; , U) Y: W$ k8 O4 B
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
 |( r. u3 r7 p" i5 X) E K/* loop through the available text styles */
& } U# @- O" m+ J a$ cfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) % e& `" u% \5 b+ s8 Q
{ # i6 p' x4 Y) v: n
cleardevice();
6 L# V3 V/ O; P5 @+ Sif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
: c2 F0 V! E2 L V) m) \' H8 Xsize = 4; $ ^9 `8 U: E# h$ _, y z1 O6 H
/* select the text style */
' U$ M; a: Q' e1 k, Q9 b$ F4 Lsettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); / b: k4 |( |& F6 @
/* output a message */ & I6 i; @+ Z' e9 F' @1 u0 e) x
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); * z) B& Y" V6 p( L; @1 K$ j) X
getch(); ! U8 U! C; t5 I' p7 g6 Q
} - e N. X- V' a' R4 _8 N: |( F3 m
/* clean up */
1 Z3 y( K5 {- M% w% pclosegraph();
6 {; i: A% I0 o6 i: Oreturn 0; 6 J4 W) r2 s/ r# Q, j
} , G6 {* |, R9 `% A% f

5 F2 r" ]8 B: o. i) J; \
+ y4 W; F4 x* R/ E9 g4 Q函数名: settime 
: `. A& R' }2 W9 r- b功能: 设置系统时间 % E5 [! ~$ B7 I+ ?5 ]' V7 N1 G
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); # C& _6 Y% ?7 w7 Z1 ]- i, t
程序例: 
4 b2 w6 G! Z& ^#include <STDIO.H>2 g1 ?8 @) B o& |- m9 S
#include <DOS.H>
( @ L4 I6 e* J; _9 g/ {3 ~$ |int main(void) ( T- `* m6 R. p4 }8 B% J. k% x' ]
{
' m8 k# k- A) E2 W* }8 V. [struct time t; 
7 Z3 @* k$ k7 @. x/ [( E+ qgettime(&t);
. f0 D9 r. c9 R. f' eprintf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); 1 [6 n( J- k# {( Z
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour); L7 o+ M: c- r# C# G: ]
printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); " L# h) V3 o: T l% I
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); / N) K" H& X: ^. O1 P4 z" k. A% A
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
+ X* V8 d( Y' i, E- a" Mt.ti_min++;
5 e. W; [6 Z( l$ tsettime(&t); j% ]% u2 W5 L- A2 U8 q- i
return 0;
; O, ^3 B: b! t4 H+ a+ Q} # h/ c) ^ \1 q+ A" M6 Q" Z

/ |- r$ h2 J! K6 ~5 F; J: l3 x9 [- i
函数名: setusercharsize 
8 T4 ]7 e+ Q# ~% q# Q功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
8 R$ l) a( A) l: B; l用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); & ^; d& R8 F4 s, H) S! p- W
程序例: 
, A9 `, t9 a* l0 V. Z#include <GRAPHICS.H>
2 z: q- v8 \' D" A3 X2 @% p, V#include <STDLIB.H>9 h- F4 D* E4 [: b
#include <STDIO.H>
# y) u9 n' X) K" o4 g0 X#include <CONIO.H>2 r V1 ^; T; l. o: ~: N# U
int main(void)
% X" Q& x, n7 {$ Z6 g3 L2 J{
1 A9 K4 T' h- G4 Z/* request autodetection */
) a) v1 Q- k/ f& ~int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % b. t7 p+ h1 _& g7 Z i/ }
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ; \; D# E$ x* d u- E. \
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 1 I$ r& v D, O& ^$ i% g
/* read result of initialization */
4 v/ Z" i4 o" d. yerrorcode = graphresult(); 1 m- j6 w& S' V
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ) b5 ^5 U. {( ~4 N& [9 l
{ ; X9 z+ h. j. n
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 e1 `) e% j" a% Y! w( Qprintf("Press any key to halt:");
" R' v# Q$ C0 {/ L- R% w: hgetch(); , c# G S1 F& K8 A7 a# R& Z' O
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % f! H% W+ o4 M. E$ i! }$ f1 ]
} 
; H- i* `5 u+ R) q4 R9 h/* select a text style */
* J; U2 G4 h% _5 z+ g, z( U" h8 Ysettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
, l' g) d/ q# H# c( @+ h/* move to the text starting position */ $ q4 _- @( q0 c0 G
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 1 f# E8 ?& u) C3 J
/* output some normal text */ * r- N4 J9 x0 a2 y/ X# i9 d$ U6 u$ Z
outtext("Norm "); 
, [9 ?( n: ^0 t/ n; c/ W% ?. i/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ G9 \% z* k- H, U% J) v
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
5 i. \6 ]* D3 P0 P$ v5 Iouttext("Short "); 
6 i. K! ~- t" w. q; p, u) A/* make the text 3 times normal width */ 3 @& C8 d6 o) F! c# A; j- j
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
! ~7 W( j, `$ e" O8 i1 @( y* Youttext("Wide"); ( Z @& Q S" h: B
/* clean up */
, K, ?" ~ k& h' Tgetch(); / R P6 c& O* {" o6 P# y. N% d
closegraph();
 g6 u- [6 o% a1 {: x* d" Zreturn 0;
 Z" ]7 y* n( s} 
0 J$ `, U6 b+ V* T! ^; }; C1 b6 m, O+ ]
函数名: setvbuf 
2 g$ f% F' j m4 N5 C功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
1 T& U7 V$ q2 C/ M) h2 P9 g3 |/ z6 O用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); $ y# E3 D) p; H& V- v. {: i8 R
程序例: 
# ?" S7 u( i7 n1 s* C4 ^( B#include <STDIO.H>
% }$ i7 H; e" y' z% y; ~+ N! ~int main(void)
: c) Q* d* x5 a{ 3 \+ B s6 k$ Z$ Z2 @2 }
FILE *input, *output;
5 ` ^4 R4 h( ?7 d* achar bufr[512]; 
. r9 d& N* j4 Q5 Z0 n, Finput = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
4 z+ f5 {$ a& l Voutput = fopen("file.out", "w"); 
" B6 A6 X/ K, p/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, / V; S! ]1 L* @
using our own character buffer */ ' W; D% ]7 M) W9 _. m. F
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
6 \! T/ ?2 G) D7 _) G& G+ wprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
- ]- m. C3 ?! |2 z: o/ A! s" ^else
2 |4 j/ g! v x: q Oprintf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
7 @+ N9 u0 x* d, d0 W; x4 D/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that * k6 J$ w% \* N, @/ a% `* ~
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
' Q+ B6 u) ]0 Y% U; e3 p7 B" r, {/ \if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) . T! ~1 q+ o2 d" u! T
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
# P, C1 Z# n; I$ Z: Ielse / V8 u4 r: h9 C1 a# H
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
- g9 f! L& G- N. [/ U) l/* perform file I/O here */ 9 r3 G# r7 {: n \2 \4 J
/* close files */ : f- u% M3 U. k/ l1 T% Y6 L, Q: M
fclose(input); ' l) D( R- O2 o0 a
fclose(output);
; E3 o; `) c. K1 w: }7 j5 O) a5 h: ?return 0;
2 _( a1 p, L5 k! Q/ K}
' u4 Q5 G6 v" C' v+ j5 q8 z$ [3 l5 ^8 b% G" e, {1 t

3 y! s# E" p& ^6 @2 R6 g& x: x( [: x5 ~ r2 i1 C
函数名: setvect # z. w* V: F X
功能: 设置中断矢量入口 ' G7 a" \3 ^! m: E8 D: }. k6 U
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
' y: ^9 @: ^9 Y程序例: 
( v4 c2 N- T$ b5 J" B/***NOTE: " W) ?7 D- W K) s* S A( {
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this
4 w; a% @( p) ^ |# l' k D0 kprogram with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable 5 {/ b' Z* E0 G
file which will operate correctly. */ 
. _" w+ @4 P" @8 k: b#include <STDIO.H>% M' o, [5 p9 y7 Q
#include <DOS.H>
; E5 x( k H0 V2 I2 l#include <CONIO.H>
7 o. G2 g. I4 B) p8 L$ H8 ~#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ + r7 Q& o) H5 ]9 B# {' J* Y, |
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
3 N% E' @8 B5 [& m4 Z9 N' S! N& Hint count=0; 
9 h' Y3 [) w1 Z6 }void interrupt handler(void) ; ~+ s$ ~# h5 f- B3 d/ u. t& C! H4 x
{
4 j; x2 q# Y+ k/* increase the global counter */ + L. c5 i. U$ p$ t/ k7 D3 a
count++; 
7 F* N; o/ V6 s3 s4 M) q/* call the old routine */ / S# g4 T* t5 M( R
oldhandler();
+ I7 l2 e$ S# ?} 
0 y* a0 b5 N, f' ]( x1 sint main(void)
# [: M( Y: u9 j7 e2 W, B7 ^% }{
" Z9 H. K" e4 r) n. V: F* U: `/* save the old interrupt vector */ . ~" S, x( w. D% X+ E
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); % _/ o, X- t# A% l
/* install the new interrupt handler */
' c$ x' v( Y) O) D, h0 M) asetvect(INTR, handler); 2 ~+ T/ T+ d U) p( Q7 F. |
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ - o8 y1 m: j8 u* ~
while (count < 20) 4 \9 X5 }! o% l: M
printf("count is %d\n",count); A' \5 p# \6 {6 C. d) C( n
/* reset the old interrupt handler */ - X4 [4 E- w7 B+ N$ ?. u6 ^
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
# h% ~/ [. }0 |# \4 ereturn 0;
* g* q( s1 g" e) F. U, ]}
6 `% j5 t* t8 i5 q9 M% [. B8 j# p0 b# c; Q3 o
: a( O. [9 t' V& j
函数名: setverify 
4 c6 Q9 i# C# ^/ p5 q7 C7 w功能: 设置验证状态 9 Q+ Q/ x! w6 @% Y2 S/ }1 z
用法: void setverify(int value);
5 Q! `( K x5 Y* C, x程序例: " P$ ~3 h! \- p+ x8 V1 `
#include <STDIO.H>. W z8 s# k6 t/ R; |
#include <CONIO.H>
2 Z0 n( t+ W. K8 z0 ~#include <DOS.H>3 z* z- Z' Z2 L- ~7 D! m
int main(void)
/ q* H$ @8 c' `: A* Q, ^) [{ - O8 Z- C+ u$ @8 ]
int verify_flag; ) @! e; ^# l5 R" W
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); 6 J/ J1 S/ r. X C
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 5 g. U; E1 r) ^/ q0 w, E) K w. P6 u
verify_flag = getch() - 0; 2 t% w# o0 Z, Z% n6 G# x
setverify(verify_flag); " }5 w3 D$ ]" U$ O: T, u
if (getverify())
; b: T- \ W* _printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); 3 R: s* G- c# O5 g/ N7 ^1 N
else
/ k9 A% x6 _; S$ O# s4 F( Sprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
& ]. w& O8 S9 P9 X( z& S; O( Preturn 0; $ U, M+ x8 {5 [# F1 Y3 u$ b' J
} # K. D* ?& X* j2 k0 R q
% T9 n6 q/ D$ a3 J$ s ?; ?7 ]. Y

* l: E8 R) X V( K函数名: setviewport * `% s/ [7 u& ]1 G
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
4 |2 H1 [) o' ?, V& g用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
" k( Q3 d3 _4 u1 T" t) [* O' ]int bottom, int clipflag); ; z& ~7 G2 {5 f9 Y; V& k
程序例: $ @/ N, g+ H" `7 @1 }( y5 Z
#include <GRAPHICS.H>9 ~. E( E s8 E3 ~
#include <STDLIB.H>
' Z+ J& _' K9 i#include <STDIO.H>
) L5 l8 j0 w% y0 }#include <CONIO.H>, k% Y5 z7 P9 }2 ?8 w6 B" z
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
% k! l0 w3 }( k& Y3 O! b+ V) jint main(void) # w) _; m* x8 M2 c* S. p2 o3 l `
{
! [# I @" b4 M' b d: u/* request auto detection */ 2 J" |( [. a9 M" s4 ]
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
$ e$ t( W/ ]/ W; c1 f1 E/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" f$ e4 v4 }3 ?( p+ Yinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); + f& g! T& W5 x1 X$ q- ?- m
/* read result of initialization */
% X# c5 W, o) ]& c& V. |6 U+ Ferrorcode = graphresult();
& B* |0 {3 ^- V3 |3 x3 g9 [if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ . M0 k* {6 k- w$ p* }% J
{ $ y7 j X+ F7 v% I, Z# o
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 3 S, N# ~( M; w5 D% M6 b G) ^
printf("Press any key to halt:"); " z! k" j; |/ {4 G: q0 ~
getch();
# `+ J% B {( C2 P$ zexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
 H/ x0 D6 F. i* W' |} 6 k4 f( |- n; z$ d7 B& A1 b
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
( s5 I' W) p4 a" \; I _/* message in default full-screen viewport */ $ q. u0 Y6 x1 e% n8 |$ J2 O
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); ( G) ?0 e/ c6 I$ R: F# Z u9 C
/* create a smaller viewport */
7 }9 C# \% p, p/ Msetviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); # G) `& E, G- j" e2 ~# y
/* display some text */ 3 w9 X8 y% n' Q( q9 o
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); ; R' t6 ^+ P; n* i' ^ f! c( y
/* clean up */ ( }7 H7 m" H" a: E
getch(); ; k3 h4 j1 M" V3 N2 x, }3 l
closegraph(); 0 m" V' w' D& r
return 0; $ ^& ^3 Z) S/ |8 J6 S3 v
} / d( U9 c. W7 s
# P! J r6 w# w
) X$ M& S1 G/ z& h6 _
函数名: setvisualpage 
% O. c& \+ T4 ]8 k8 A, [功能: 设置可见图形页号 / v5 B. ?) D& V$ c0 u& {, M: b
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); + W% h( B( I( U3 n! Q, {
程序例: 
3 \3 Y# ?3 J% K' ~$ `, v#include <GRAPHICS.H>6 @& e, d- a% u" I, z/ Z3 @
#include <STDLIB.H>& D( n/ x. k# R
#include <STDIO.H>
9 m5 h+ X6 K; z. M#include <CONIO.H>7 u. |$ \2 n# q% k
int main(void) ! }! A Z ?# k; [/ E/ k- R C& s
{ 0 Z3 K m9 Z0 ]# M. x' m9 `4 e( ?
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
* M- s( f' R* |) r/* multiple pages. */
 V$ m/ \7 v! [4 d& Cint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; ! P6 m7 Z1 {& z2 j
int x, y, ht; $ Z: \; z! n# h- O# H) Q
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 c7 Q: P: n V+ }8 o6 O3 b. a
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : V' s0 b! r. W+ C3 t) g+ }6 ~ y
/* read result of initialization */
# g" ~0 N9 {* _/ [errorcode = graphresult(); 5 ^6 {. L8 I `4 W& f
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
2 A7 L. |8 d C, R7 U' X+ }{ 7 e* n c& ]( E/ G
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 X) a, N- E( w4 k! |% \printf("Press any key to halt:");
7 C9 G# c* w/ u) r( u# Mgetch();
0 t9 T- q; V% ~3 o& g( D' N) ]exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ # f5 S. b* O* v" W( k
} 5 ^- d$ l& E* a' n
x = getmaxx() / 2; 0 ^" c: L5 I0 V9 I2 q
y = getmaxy() / 2;
; {( u/ K7 l( g0 c6 yht = textheight("W"); ; x+ E! Y; M; n- p9 J* I- m
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
: ~" A* k' x2 P& `9 ssetactivepage(1); 
8 ^ r8 z5 q* C& U: h, U/* draw a line on page #1 */ " E% E. y4 u- j/ I- H+ ^; p: L
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
# U/ X1 h1 Y) ?* r: A/* output a message on page #1 */
6 g/ V& O4 @9 x- P( R1 zsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
/ G: D0 Q- e8 X4 g) r- douttextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
7 A( u! R& X( |outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
 L- \6 N Z) x9 X/* select drawing to page #0 */ ' f6 g+ Y+ j: ?2 ]' I
setactivepage(0); # C' Z2 H5 G4 N4 ?
/* output a message on page #0 */ 8 ? e' Q0 q( {) P& M0 ^
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
0 ]- F& r9 T/ R0 z( Houttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
4 ~& {# J; _* |6 b6 ggetch(); 
7 {4 e1 d! v0 B: U0 i" v$ Z/* select page #1 as the visible page */ 1 G! W C- @ J4 ~# T! r9 j5 t
setvisualpage(1); 
, C4 o% G* M# u, H# r/* clean up */ ) F# R, y: y6 _, |/ l
getch();
% j+ c9 i g0 i7 zclosegraph();
3 D7 i0 Q4 P% v2 ^( hreturn 0;
% I7 j* ~( ~' r7 h' M} & d4 e! B6 H x& Z

4 J8 v9 _! g! |" A3 }
1 E) {. e- H8 Z ~) l3 T0 b函数名: setwritemode 8 A! D2 ]# N2 ~! k
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 1 ~) E- |% n/ W7 e& p* p/ a
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); * J2 p, h* i, P5 i% w
程序例: 9 i- I$ G$ H: P" ~0 H7 m0 X' r* {! }
#include <GRAPHICS.H>: z" D5 y/ ^' _- k9 |
#include <STDLIB.H>
( ?1 }! M( W2 Z- c#include <STDIO.H>
2 C, C0 I( ^ o+ |#include <CONIO.H>
* X7 C% ^4 w8 `8 U" x4 }+ ^ pint main() " K; R8 L5 Z" ^8 \
{ ' s- ^$ U: D* E5 \5 ~5 B
/* request auto detection */ 9 j- f; K( n5 g
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
9 F8 q2 x" h, O e! ~int xmax, ymax; 
7 I% P, M' ?3 a4 O' q3 b! L+ }7 o4 E5 q/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& e3 v0 R9 U2 z f, F9 vinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
8 b7 j! S! Z' ]/* read result of initialization */ % K' |: L9 A' ?$ H/ c3 G
errorcode = graphresult(); " U9 h) x# S/ B2 Z _
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
! Y" V! Z- I r3 U7 h! P{
5 Q3 q7 t8 a: G1 g& Z& z1 T& Uprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ! m5 \2 q9 W4 {! K: e0 L0 g
printf("Press any key to halt:");
$ r$ O. v( n! \, B7 a6 {3 _getch(); $ V8 j6 |( x9 x7 _
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
+ h) T9 v/ R0 P; ` ^: _} 
# m! V |- t4 t( d( g0 a. [ Z0 yxmax = getmaxx(); , c1 K# c" o2 r& b2 P( e4 V" j& y6 @
ymax = getmaxy(); 
' t' K) V/ s8 D5 H) J+ D3 |7 R! V4 [; V/* select XOR drawing mode */ ; Q8 H# F% u$ p
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); 2 M( ?5 |$ i1 ^4 q$ E
/* draw a line */
# V5 O( p) V3 Bline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); y: V$ x9 A Z
getch(); ) M& f( ~" M' q7 C7 f4 A1 G, r
/* erase the line by drawing over it */ . N1 k3 r* `5 o; Z
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
6 G, _3 y4 r, a# Q) n5 _getch(); 
 Y2 X2 a/ | @8 {' p) o$ ^3 M/* select overwrite drawing mode */
$ e% u; ]9 d1 g# k! [% Jsetwritemode(COPY_PUT); ' f3 p( D) j' `1 O
/* draw a line */
+ _' V: D: R7 Cline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
! n$ \6 l: y6 |: B( d/* clean up */
* q- P: T3 f: `( }2 {getch(); y$ y6 |" f3 b
closegraph(); ) ?% E: i3 @6 j$ F
return 0; ! ]8 i4 c# K6 ~$ u+ Z
}
4 ]( G, l9 k. S; n2 j$ {
4 ^# {& t: F1 A O* z( O7 {
3 M# _; Q" e; n# p, Q; c函数名: signal
$ L H; C$ a- \& F: ?9 W$ ]: w功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 O. t' y* s# h2 X! F
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
5 ?1 }" ^1 p- @: e3 @+ a- m/ W程序例: 
9 R7 ~! O9 z7 N$ U) T' T" X/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, * K" i& q4 I1 B1 b3 C5 N2 |
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
- y, I0 j" i7 f4 ~8 [+ f1 w; D, Oto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
. e, f0 F& q% e# B) I5 D3 cyour computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
1 d5 F8 L! B# S. [9 G& qdepending on which memory model is used. 9 V# y5 m) b; K
*/ $ P% e) c0 X9 b
#pragma inline
3 B: z5 r7 G7 R2 S9 w, u#include <STDIO.H>& A$ ]# B. J3 x! m* `
#include <SIGNAL.H>+ H0 r( I% h7 t
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
" h7 V* s0 E7 [$ |' _6 N{
9 R' ~0 v# {, gprintf("Caught it!\n");
8 X% _4 t+ \, _/ ^9 d3 ^6 _) }) D*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
2 v! M) X$ p9 \0 R} 
# v, L$ N* X% ] C8 Zint main(void)
0 q5 R' U( ]$ K B4 @1 Q }9 K{ ' S' Q# i5 p$ c6 q- n
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); $ R; J5 l% Z$ A* M( P1 z5 y6 R3 W0 {5 _
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
- x$ g- p, M) c& @% ?- o lasm inc ax /* cause overflow */ $ s0 r: p3 [9 [' k0 v
asm into /* activate handler */ ; W8 i+ l) }$ |+ V
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, - B7 E0 y; {, T" F: a7 t
there would have been another exception when the next 'into'
/ V8 r k& [. E, Dwas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ # L8 A4 K: o" K8 v8 ]- {& \
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
2 l' p0 F( C- ?% h& u% ~& yasm into /* doesn't activate */ 7 u1 k/ k, y6 b1 x9 i7 U
return 0;
% U% e6 W: c+ {} $ X) q8 U1 K; ]4 b) S; |) G
2 C& v; p2 K/ b) ~% e* c
4 Y4 Z4 g" Z: P% ^

4 ]3 V0 Q' z2 T0 \! [6 \/ h函数名: sin ! |% o( ~7 n5 r0 L
功能: 正弦函数
$ ?1 v, |/ |$ G/ o2 x* N用法: double sin(double x);
% ^+ d& y9 d- }程序例: 
0 M3 O1 q$ Y3 G# B) x9 y) |2 ^#include <STDIO.H>& `2 w" ?$ y% k o* Y2 d7 M" w
#include <MATH.H>8 T+ t# }% O" ` }7 K
int main(void)
4 Y0 q9 @; o0 e# G0 `" f{
: p4 d: p# }2 |: ^- \double result, x = 0.5; : g0 ?3 v9 {( J6 a8 n4 ?9 m$ y
result = sin(x);
2 q; f) ^2 T t+ r3 z5 Jprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
% @, z- ]" a9 V0 vreturn 0;
! n3 {$ R! [+ q Q! F7 u}
- O/ {4 c) W i- m5 x' p5 {( K7 m" f
- e% g( ` f+ Q0 p; v2 q
% v" M1 h/ C" _0 Q) L+ H函数名: sinh 2 m5 [( F0 d+ g4 ] G& A
功能: 双曲正弦函数
$ ^% t+ T' o4 e2 `8 A, S" m用法: double sinh(double x); $ X2 I8 [3 \/ M$ ~" ]. @# m
程序例: $ Q' _# D" {% | V
#include <STDIO.H>1 p+ y: M% S6 g' y
#include <MATH.H>" ~( ?) d2 q7 Y+ r3 p- o: B) I: U" C
int main(void) 8 C- J% u- _1 g5 f# y/ ?
{
3 {4 M5 [0 U) Q6 E" Kdouble result, x = 0.5; 
7 _0 d2 U0 h1 R) K& wresult = sinh(x); / F( f# I; q# P1 {0 g+ J/ W2 g2 e
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
0 m2 L5 m/ J, I& l }- m0 Oreturn 0; : G( m( _: _7 R7 G3 r9 I9 [
}
8 D" f% q' S7 j8 s
" C& _0 o) f/ ?! o
8 e& u z, ~) T! D+ E5 Q6 b& _1 H! H+ v+ h3 k& E$ @7 X
函数名: sleep 8 ~1 x- H6 n: h, o
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 / ]2 K, X7 {; U) K' K n
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
 C, {+ g/ d+ e程序例: ) i; I1 v' D4 h' S9 R
#include <DOS.H>$ K4 N; t1 @$ o, q! D! }
#include <STDIO.H>8 O5 d" w# E) C! a1 o0 c7 @
int main(void)
1 q2 a& \. _9 z' ]{
4 D4 K1 [! A* I& u$ I% Zint i; 
0 ], Z( s z$ p, W jfor (i=1; i<5; i++)
0 z! G8 T+ @; t+ T; {- l2 k& s{
5 `% O7 m4 T4 U6 c9 ?9 E8 X5 c* Kprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); 6 D! h# A8 i' }4 h
sleep(i); , ~" {) h9 ]; u: ? a: I
} / ] g0 ~) P3 h. X j! ^
return 0;
+ M d# P s }# X4 C( z}
( h* \* E* I3 {+ Q, T. B
" P8 l- s* E9 `! J: ]( C9 u7 M9 n% l+ R) `. \3 ^9 g
9 A( V2 B3 {/ _$ s
函数名: sopen ' j8 M$ g$ I/ \
功能: 打开一共享文件
5 q0 q# u/ k: J; C* o& b; v! l! _用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); . o: Y4 X1 k& \7 R
程序例: / o+ i2 {' b& S
#include <IO.H>
& R, Z8 G2 L, B/ R9 r. h#include <FCNTL.H>
, t) ?6 w5 k: p; E' O#include <SYS\STAT.H>1 W& e! V3 j& b9 Z* r. S" L5 ?
#include <PROCESS.H>
" A; _; O/ Z2 L" R) h. H5 K/ z# U# D#include <SHARE.H>
$ R0 E7 Z2 W# v3 H. T2 N#include <STDIO.H># I1 B4 X* S5 k, q5 t7 r
int main(void) 7 n% A$ S) Z' ]5 f1 r0 Z! @" S
{
. F! x/ y! C1 \9 }* ]& Eint handle; : g) r# J5 ~1 L5 Z
int status; 
 W6 _6 _ D i; $ J2 T, E5 Ihandle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
% q7 T& b- z' c7 E! q" ^if (!handle)
$ C* @/ Y( W7 ~! g w% q{
( m+ A3 j: n' g+ n3 Mprintf("sopen failed\n"); 6 t' ^, L$ Z0 e$ a; r
exit(1); 0 R1 g( $ o. D* G6 ^
} 
6 ] S7 t3 ~0 ^2 M& X! ?" Fstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
. g" A! [! M. q2 j1 }if (status == 0) ' O# }; |: J; F
printf("read/write access allowed\n");
9 h2 D1 i+ W/ ] H Selse ' E w& a' C- P0 u& ]" x
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
! p. C- o% _0 N* E _close(handle); ) B5 m2 M+ m) ~5 @6 [' B/ G4 ?6 _
return 0;
- v. I' n* b+ y+ ~& L% E, d}
( j7 s( X( ]( G( P2 v# s9 [2 f' a& p6 R4 u$ E, k

9 u! {; j* H0 l& s: @3 S* X% a+ J" P5 ?1 A1 B+ j9 N
函数名: sound + u0 v( ]) N3 R; f3 l5 {! a+ b
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 6 Q8 h" t0 I4 s$ V, R
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
+ j7 P1 m% L; y) w7 ^$ x程序例: 
' A' O3 S% Y. i/ N0 n% _/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. ; S j% q' y3 Z0 |) b
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ . _' v& r3 l$ Y7 { n* g( c
#include <DOS.H>
7 E" i) k4 l& b9 [9 [) iint main(void)
( j# K, Q& d- k- I& O* |, N{ " Y0 [; D0 A$ T( }% \
sound(7); 2 i9 x! z$ E/ y4 M1 i
delay(10000);
5 D& T. b5 V8 Anosound();
4 t, Y4 L3 U, Y6 a8 N' G& wreturn 0; 5 e2 Y7 }3 `$ {+ u9 _
} : d5 Q7 e2 w# B, M0 T# \) N
; Z, n6 ?7 C. ~( N, s, V" c7 `
/ k( ?& r3 s( E4 T. b' Y) N
) [* C. |6 I8 X% @
函数名: spawnl " Y0 T6 q# [- b
功能: 创建并运行子程序 6 D" @! V& w# W% ~
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 4 N2 B8 b% J% w: ^ E, E
arg1, ... argn, NULL); $ a" d1 Q e v7 G
程序例: 
5 B' O. _$ L. w9 o3 [#include <PROCESS.H>
! a% J8 `$ {4 U, w M#include <STDIO.H>
 d+ d! A7 h5 Q9 h0 c#include <CONIO.H>
; s# p3 X. N( l$ t, d4 F/ w- aint main(void) - k \0 v& L/ `
{ . Y& B$ i: J# S1 O
int result; 
* C5 C6 B u. r, ]* Hclrscr(); 9 \9 u% W7 M: V2 g5 u n, C% N
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); h4 r* C2 |/ a, P. A6 O
if (result == -1)
2 W- L' N2 o$ c' t4 |. g{ * E: G1 H3 p5 I4 B3 K- [# ^+ E# h3 ^
perror("Error from spawnl"); 3 i8 ~6 W: p4 J
exit(1); & E: r8 E3 u4 H- G
}
% A4 J3 X0 o. xreturn 0;
% c% I: B+ s5 ^: m1 s3 A5 b}
9 m6 }" c( u& V" y p0 V! n& \' H9 c d8 K! i
* y, p' {* y7 |/ W. k" V/ b- x
函数名: spawnle # r" u! x" B& }3 H6 b& [
功能: 创建并运行子程序
) ^! Q% n8 Y3 z用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, $ `& B0 i7 X! ?1 |) s- Q
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
' J( j. H+ V9 s3 [程序例: 6 a) @* s( J% n {
/* spawnle() example */ ' g6 k |9 `, b- d6 h
#include <PROCESS.H>
. }9 k ]/ R' o- M( W+ u" z#include <STDIO.H>
/ A# |7 j. X+ M- [#include <CONIO.H>
6 b; |/ d, f6 ]% vint main(void)
! U) c4 ]% @5 @{
- m8 E7 v" N3 U4 [) jint result; 7 j3 k; u( B- j+ \
clrscr();
3 j* {2 D# p# o2 ]result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); # e; a% n, k" R8 Y5 N5 e! X
if (result == -1) # h, [6 f# D* y* [+ r! U6 g7 T
{
, ?4 u2 L5 X/ Y" C5 X# ^9 Wperror("Error from spawnle");
! g$ h; H# o: `; k" j7 Aexit(1); ) g1 o( q. q9 W$ V
} 9 h+ ?: r' C$ x# F) x1 E
return 0;
8 }' b7 u8 ^1 i- [} 2 @3 @" k# e4 M6 E4 g# f* C8 C

5 E4 F5 v5 N7 {. l9 R
, I5 Z" W, d- X( ]# |$ V: r& l, i6 l+ e9 d/ a, Q1 S, {8 Z
函数名: sprintf 0 y2 W% C; z- {! u
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 ; s) K! R) D: J$ N% |5 f# y2 f
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); & R# L9 |, J1 |( M
程序例: 
, C% z, b9 O* o& J8 i1 z#include <STDIO.H>
% `$ O1 t. \$ {2 M0 B" c4 m3 e#include <MATH.H># @: Z& l# m9 R8 `
int main(void) 7 S! a! y+ ^. j0 b' y
{ ( l$ `4 \, f7 T1 @ J0 }
char buffer[80]; ; g3 V: m" k. g' B3 Z; F
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
: |: n: P$ D" C4 xputs(buffer); & G2 S* N2 a8 E( o7 L
return 0; / ~4 q6 t# \9 T2 a
}
+ Y! ]4 W; w; }: d
( C0 W3 {* }: X/ a* S3 \) g ^: ]; h8 X* a9 g8 `3 @
函数名: sqrt ! f9 y7 I* X. W- T4 o) `& I
功能: 计算平方根 ) o1 s* c* m. B. w" d, s
用法: double sqrt(double x); * G9 j% p1 h; `
程序例: 
0 C) p! _6 ?1 D y3 N. Y( h, @#include <MATH.H>
9 L% [ j$ @ Y* W0 }9 i4 R7 L#include <STDIO.H>" B' f) V% C6 [ \; _3 Y) G- }5 N+ O
int main(void)
# }) _# t4 k9 L" \# t5 X{
2 b3 G0 f4 C! o$ _0 s% F* _' l9 ?double x = 4.0, result; . [8 } u6 P, j4 g3 `' R
result = sqrt(x);
* R/ m+ W! g* W( Y* Vprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
# t0 B3 m" y7 f2 _# ireturn 0; ) `! ]* y0 @" x
}
; {! t+ X1 |- c; u" I1 n7 w1 W
函数名: srand 0 K, O$ M. q6 u* m
功能: 初始化随机数发生器 ! _: r+ ]! P3 q ^0 b
用法: void srand(unsigned seed); # L6 o; A) P* D8 n# w, t9 Q: _
程序例: 3 O& ~7 K+ x' u$ p
#include <STDLIB.H>
/ E5 m% c0 Z( g- k7 S2 n! q#include <STDIO.H>
) J4 I, M3 |! |& Q, }7 h+ p* }% M" b#include <TIME.H>
# W6 a; r5 A& [7 s" e- O* W1 iint main(void) 2 T+ j& G& K7 q W
{ + v4 u/ a+ {4 m4 [( g" ^1 P
int i;
9 G8 M5 Q; _; W1 u5 F/ B% wtime_t t; 1 `5 N8 L" }/ E( u$ X% U
srand((unsigned) time(&t));
9 j% r9 v8 ^* M9 s: C- x# r5 Yprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
5 k4 [/ u3 F: V4 Y& E2 S8 A1 @. \7 q7 Qfor(i=0; i<10; i++) ! Q t9 g5 ?# A2 [# j2 |
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
/ ^) [ Z- t" Y0 P. _/ Areturn 0; 7 A. w, \8 K6 h( c" B
}
7 a' {; a$ Z8 E) `
0 J% x4 k& ^# y5 S$ H. z% e3 }: t1 O- C0 j
函数名: sscanf ' K3 M! h0 U/ W
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入 9 ?/ M4 n0 u+ w p) U
用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); 9 O# A! p& H9 z* O* K
程序例: 
: b9 v1 o7 s' g# j5 c9 W#include <STDIO.H>1 I1 C7 w; i: k! p, V0 M" D, X
#include <CONIO.H>. A5 i8 O" @, f3 y4 a. \
int main(void)
/ W' z1 l n. x8 ?& ]% S' J- ~! E& s{ + O# S3 q1 w0 X6 d5 _5 q
char label[20]; ! x$ ^: t4 g" r2 A( B0 }6 Y# k% H
char name[20]; 3 N& w% U* x. u: w. ], {( _
int entries = 0;
3 w8 _7 s$ o7 c0 _# Rint loop, age;
+ J5 `8 `2 v9 S( _9 n( Pdouble salary; 
% X; k0 Y- z- Ystruct Entry_struct
: H: E9 `# V0 E{ 1 z' {7 P0 |4 k* ~$ x
char name[20]; " E1 Q1 b+ T# p" o
int age;
& `# q" r9 B7 f3 \float salary;
. s. f. [$ T) |+ e9 L} entry[20]; 
2 q/ i" z+ r- `1 N- V y* X" a/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
( @% {( k% I4 P. |. w) e: u5 {3 d" Lprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
0 n/ ?8 L# H# ~4 kscanf("%20s", label); 5 G0 Z0 p- `( F. }2 r
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
' B4 J% u9 i2 z; |/ K& ], c/* Input number of entries as an integer */
4 H9 n! w5 w4 a Lprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); ; u! m. R) @* L6 f9 ], G
scanf("%d", &entries); ) O& G( h% f& g* S- ?) L) D
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 7 i) q; b& M' L7 b7 Y" V6 g' X3 n
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ 3 {' l3 B: B* T# d T6 Z a: j4 H( W! b
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
; u2 y: I5 M2 Z$ h+ Y( |: g { ; k1 `2 y! `; s0 t; \' x
printf("Entry %d\n", loop); % l5 s( k: M- B* a ^& n# U
printf(" Name : ");
$ V& w7 z1 D# _/ A" Y. gscanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
 _% P( @ M: I* F( e" Q- {fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 3 N9 r; x1 T# y( I! z3 q; S6 s
/* input an age as an integer */
& g o8 M2 \0 R uprintf(" Age : "); ! A) S/ N# }2 @) {( ~8 D
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
7 j0 {6 t8 E2 rfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
0 \0 D: [, @; V7 I$ P/* input a salary as a float */ / H$ f6 y# q% D0 u7 X, \4 Q+ w5 @
printf(" Salary : ");
% ?7 N8 X6 v2 p6 ^9 ]6 Mscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); 1 ^( B \) \- ^! Q6 K
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
" j# Z) Q" n! T- [) d$ g) r( }8 V9 w# ]} 
: G0 P+ H& u. u/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ 2 }8 p0 U: d- t/ f8 |% f8 j* n
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
& k4 F! s6 i; r: w7 Vscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
& \4 k. Q# G0 }3 M: l( t" n" t0 [9 y0 Z& P$ d2 {% w- Q
/* Print out the data that was input */ 7 x8 b; m2 U& X1 N9 ^
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); % z$ M. {8 g) G; ~9 T7 N* z. Q
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
1 o/ Y |! b3 Rprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 2 ]4 E: V h* B5 N' D
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) t. o6 J/ J+ M) t; T5 P
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", / l6 }) C& k4 C! G
loop + 1, 5 I( T- z+ j( @; v Q. [
entry[loop].name, : i6 |1 M; C; ^7 T" F% X
entry[loop].age, " D# O: M( c; {0 @+ C( g
entry[loop].salary);
8 _, x: m& J9 M B3 Oprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 3 A8 o& X: G+ s: I
return 0; 1 X& c& X6 f3 T8 K6 O3 C. W7 V
}
- O+ w1 H3 v; G) g9 W A) d; m4 Z% f; r2 U2 D

8 H# m) k; _8 }. d, E7 [函数名: stat 
$ E0 P" I+ p2 L0 q3 ?% s功能: 读取打开文件信息 0 V, X$ A, X8 k& ?$ E! F
用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); " K# o* A' t2 g1 C
程序例: 9 g! k9 ~6 D7 k* J! @6 }# e
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
2 J7 \* v7 I! P0 G- o+ |1 n* T#include <STDIO.H>- d, v% B9 S6 d1 i; \
#include <TIME.H>) u5 l* u( y2 w- ~6 b H% o0 u6 x
#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" ! ^* M V/ j ?# [0 x# l6 F
int main(void) ) q6 p, l' u/ Y
{
3 ^- e7 x6 S# j+ @, n; L8 R4 |9 Pstruct stat statbuf;
9 V; M3 U/ `) R5 e# f+ Y1 c; LFILE *stream; 
: {8 J4 x* _0 s9 n$ s+ [/* open a file for update */
0 ?! X' n3 y/ Z2 O o) \- Kif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) 9 T. o' C: ~% P4 V
{
0 q" n3 `4 t6 M% P0 H9 Z+ H+ Efprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
# B: y" `5 P6 [7 M% Preturn(1);
! k; e5 l+ _) A5 `7 X& V9 i} 
 A& b4 D% d/ K' f; p- A- N& c/* get information about the file */ 7 [6 n; ]/ Q9 j& K) N" R- e7 j5 {
stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 7 g4 k& _% }& {1 F' \
fclose(stream); 
2 s1 }. L& c" \3 c2 L3 T+ @/* display the information returned */ , e) F- P7 `0 r7 L7 _: T8 a8 D# `
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
/ V1 b# R6 |/ S% j- vprintf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); 3 W+ T" s* e5 h# u0 Z7 h0 n4 G
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
" }' M" q- _0 o& Zprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); * k7 F& a8 Z3 M3 L8 W* x. X
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) 3 W; |% J0 R, a2 B6 q3 y, @8 ^& Y Q
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
5 P9 v0 W2 g. k; Q) T$ e+ N6 pif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
! r; t. _( F* e1 Yprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 5 {$ {# ]' C. a6 P7 ]& n, {( m
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); 2 R5 h) x: a; L$ {& I
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); ) T# k* ]1 W/ o5 {
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
# L; E( W. m2 V* ]0 l+ s5 i$ v8 @return 0; , \& S- G( z0 y, k! A- b4 T) r" v9 d
}
6 [7 i! [4 p1 A! O4 E8 _' D. o1 e$ ^! @
- O1 @6 p: F- @8 M' A) m3 ?; @( q: C6 d# R' f+ H. Z

; N; h0 G$ v( V4 Q. I1 ]函数名: _status87 : G% C! X* k8 s( h% b
功能: 取浮点状态
" N* Z" F" R& I# x0 q! m5 x' V1 S* o用法: unsigned int _status87(void);
) g: w4 [. a1 U, x, n8 ?程序例: 2 Z; w- z- C. r6 l( \2 W# ~
#include <STDIO.H>
( V* [1 g3 ~- G' W#include <FLOAT.H>
* w1 c. i, M4 m4 N& n! z% p, t. kint main(void) 6 m, K2 Y* h! U9 x
{
& w# k7 Y8 y: H6 vfloat x;
8 R8 ~( B7 Y% D+ O5 t0 q* ?; |; Hdouble y = 1.5e-100; # n9 Q( C4 ~+ p
printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); / s: L0 ~# ]8 P; Z. H+ a
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
) J- s- @( o* r( F1 e2 [5 W yy = x; 
8 l d# @# ^0 j9 m% e6 Pprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
. [5 G1 j; H# M4 Freturn 0;
9 X7 r7 x7 S4 u5 J$ h0 h} 8 F3 R5 ]5 n. R
( [/ F3 Z' ^- @0 T6 s8 `5 ]
9 M8 g5 F' c B. F1 o2 T
函数名: stime 
/ t3 @/ }+ b4 s6 f功能: 设置时间 0 y8 W3 ^8 K E/ q4 M
用法: int stime(long *tp); / d4 K2 J, D* f$ n. q/ O* g
程序例: * Q, S, n0 f: G/ i1 o
#include <STDIO.H>
- R" o. f! X; k% O#include <TIME.H>
/ V0 ^! u( g+ t( ^$ a5 N; d#include <DOS.H>
. j2 E; b2 c2 ~/ E+ cint main(void)
. U' G7 p0 E& ?{ ) \5 _6 M8 m7 q$ p5 k8 `4 b
time_t t;
) B; p* v1 S5 hstruct tm *area; 9 X6 D G0 v- A2 R5 G1 t
t = time(NULL);
' U* M1 S y* r+ \area = localtime(&t);
6 H& f& C: d3 U( Pprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
8 j: {1 h" \+ c4 c" r3 l; B( zprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 7 o' u7 J9 t' `6 ~( f# @
t++;
) J6 v) H, s9 X0 O: carea = localtime(&t);
6 i& s9 u. t4 Nprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
4 s2 ~% ^' ^ L5 V; vt += 60; 8 a7 t/ b+ b7 ~
area = localtime(&t);
 M) k0 n( t# S2 F$ c. vprintf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); ' D2 W9 Y5 h, p
t += 3600;
 I' d* e1 R3 D C b1 B" garea = localtime(&t);
% h# F2 S9 l) y, \+ c: Dprintf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); $ U7 q, R- h* C
t += 86400L; g* d8 Y+ H J5 q8 l5 q! A3 L U @
area = localtime(&t);
8 a$ S. s' Q3 \! Bprintf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); * o/ z. }! x; X, h" d2 ^1 G
t += 2592000L; : ~6 n# y- W0 V7 d3 W% j! M( f
area = localtime(&t); 9 l; a4 W+ `' L8 L, t& v! ~ l
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
( ~; L/ G: I3 a: e% Gt += 31536000L; x7 ]4 H2 S( g3 I& s* h
area = localtime(&t);
/ L$ s, b: e6 L% u$ s+ u1 P/ zprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
, ^- d6 x, A, g0 q# O# N+ oreturn 0;
0 W0 A9 \+ m5 s$ Z} $ `/ a; k. r% g0 p* b% ^
/ |8 B0 W) l B; Y _1 s2 q9 x
6 u9 C4 F+ _" O5 n, c* V' L! ^9 g; W+ p

函数名: stpcpy 0 H" ~) {$ N f
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
1 }+ s/ n7 f+ Y d# U0 b0 V9 g用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); 8 X Z- I) h( v: o; a
程序例: ! p8 @( `8 h. H: ]7 ^
#include <STDIO.H>! |& M/ F4 a% _; k8 n. v
#include <STRING.H>
 j4 A# A( }' u+ N5 h/ B7 m% lint main(void)
7 ^- p' P$ S3 E) s) m* q{ + \, \) ], } K& Z+ n( X
char string[10];
0 v {! v* }! q2 G% Z1 j# C$ wchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
! w& o) d& O5 y& ?9 o4 [5 {0 @stpcpy(string, str1); ) Q5 x" J# i, v r. `% {2 H! u6 k
printf("%s\n", string); 1 R; [4 ]' S, H9 Z7 ^
return 0;
9 R' s# k8 h9 o6 @0 ]" G} % \4 ]' }9 O v
9 T# B0 d0 s* ~( B; X M9 P! X o$ B8 A

 H4 }! V: Q! ^ o: t
/ W! `: ^- r) }; I' B" Z) ~函数名: strcat + d [$ N, Y& M2 r7 |" O7 C M
功能: 字符串拼接函数
! B6 l& i$ S2 ~8 M: p# |- g用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); . K, r# c" G% P+ g, T3 q
程序例: " x j& z6 ]. E0 ?2 I9 U
#include <STRING.H>
9 v9 {1 k( A/ M1 l1 G#include <STDIO.H>
5 l5 P; I; ~9 y4 g2 Y1 e7 sint main(void) . ]: h- x$ `1 P) }* q) v
{
9 f) h) A/ r! G1 Mchar destination[25];
. B# F8 c9 ^$ B$ B' ^) g w/ U! hchar *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; # E1 S/ {$ U3 d8 k
strcpy(destination, Borland);
8 W1 R% [6 ]3 i% v& A+ D8 O4 W4 Dstrcat(destination, blank); : k" l+ `& R* f# E2 n
strcat(destination, c); 
' Q. {; S6 a- |- ~* `. Q, [printf("%s\n", destination);
( {7 m' ^& T4 p" treturn 0;
. L( V1 v& t0 L- y}
3 ?, a# l6 x& N! \) d- j" [
2 _6 U* k* k9 s) T0 |
+ `6 B2 D% c9 e/ I9 U. H* }9 b0 I) P- X! q- _$ o" v/ q8 k, s
函数名: strchr I( n( T) p! T8 V& l
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
 S8 W4 t, v2 N' p用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); 2 h& S6 B/ V" D4 b7 D F* A
程序例: ! ? B& ^' d4 x* |& m( q
#include <STRING.H>. Y$ d7 F. N+ c1 E- |. u$ ^* I9 D
#include <STDIO.H>$ N% V* F3 D' S1 k% x4 X
int main(void)
! ^' k" W6 A3 S{
, R2 ?4 c: J E! A* bchar string[15]; # S( ]) W" }9 p) F% w8 M1 ^6 F
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
& T' ^9 }2 L, Z3 s: ^strcpy(string, "This is a string");
. |! R( o" i) K8 r$ |ptr = strchr(string, c); - T1 _# c+ \- y0 g @2 M
if (ptr)
" A' f) W6 T- D1 O! s: |printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
! ]( L* t0 o! {) w9 E: W: }else
7 f% J- Q1 Y- E& r' E3 n! v8 Zprintf("The character was not found\n");
7 w# `7 C1 v, p: freturn 0;
. O; I: ~' j. w3 e4 r} 6 Y. A9 M7 U$ V: t0 p! m4 J/ U. |
6 T. p: ]% L( u- G. k7 ?

- ~" a1 y4 f4 ]8 b$ S
9 M, m* y2 k" ]% A' x8 B3 z函数名: strcmp
9 x4 w+ l: X% }9 {2 ?$ Q6 `# n功能: 串比较 ! W! p* Y! x9 K0 v
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); 9 X/ u0 T* ~2 M- m+ K3 I
程序例: 
( v: X0 k& X' n/ Z% g#include <STRING.H>1 y' t, M: R4 K, M4 t
#include <STDIO.H>, t( \6 S; o+ m* J
int main(void)
) C- {! `. L2 V0 C$ }/ E( O. S1 k{
9 w# m0 z8 s3 C `: A$ Ichar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; ( u2 u1 U6 b$ c. U# |
int ptr; 4 h5 ~7 h2 K5 n2 f- C. C' q
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); 4 q* a1 n7 L4 W- }! A: `' ?
if (ptr > 0)
# x5 ~" G1 ~8 ]7 K& tprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); - h5 l1 _2 E9 b& I& r
else
( X$ \% ~4 q; }- D: ?printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 0 t% l( C9 F( c
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); 2 g$ u- T9 P( a3 p( _. Z& q8 ]4 M
if (ptr > 0) ' `; ^: S: e+ e1 @+ c9 n: C0 q
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
. |& W. E# b+ ^8 x' k" g7 belse 1 _* ^$ \! x4 P5 ^: Q% `7 v" L
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); / c0 u2 B/ E0 i8 M7 H7 Z* y
return 0; 0 o' \. Q4 X, T7 b3 s) m1 z
}
- S1 g: o" l, r8 q, V5 e4 w, j
, i' W8 ?; n0 u$ Y: \% R) V" u; P; M* b0 ^/ ?; S9 |# L: j: y
5 B. i {* `( J2 H& }* U
函数名: strncmpi 
3 }5 D. t2 |, W1 ?功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
% I$ f" k. ?; _, Q用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
5 U/ N9 D) x7 r- O程序例: / q5 Z; v1 f% v% w% P
#include <STRING.H>
4 {' |4 z0 u+ }% j7 G9 S" e! T" k7 t#include <STDIO.H>
5 i' K" L8 C# a/ Aint main(void) $ O/ b& ]; G- n! x, s( Q1 ]
{ / Q1 P7 v; S; p1 U7 E
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
1 Y( r! n) v5 Q4 i( F- W( y( Iint ptr; |8 Z. ?5 m8 d0 b* J4 N% N" o1 }& |
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); % V% l, s% }! m% A J* t
if (ptr > 0) $ E! c( T; i/ c) b8 a
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); * I7 J7 l1 J' U0 d8 I% v
if (ptr < 0)
! t2 t$ F- e* D# {printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
2 ], [% b2 c4 a7 k0 }' uif (ptr == 0)
$ G3 e2 T% \1 G5 z; z; c, W9 oprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
( J Y% q) d# ?) `- x) Rreturn 0; 0 y# ]4 ?/ E4 p: D+ Z. B
}
+ V: t9 x8 R. x/ g$ f- V3 f6 ]: W c, ]

" Z# I) T6 D0 J4 m; z; P6 I$ ~/ b6 j9 _( _- }
函数名: strcpy % y, |& J' m: }2 U* l
功能: 串拷贝 ' A) V! {0 l" `# [
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); . V7 Q5 |2 E! p# t# y0 E4 ~
程序例: 
! v" j3 U- D9 v# ~#include <STDIO.H>$ D3 t) w( A2 } f1 h; c) Z7 j: j9 [
#include <STRING.H>
) |* i6 S, [/ ]( a: xint main(void) S2 V) O& ~' P& p K. y" y+ a
{
5 U/ M- B! d* A! O2 P T+ q6 \% Pchar string[10];
- T3 i$ ^/ x8 g' a& g! [; r" o; Z1 cchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; ) V0 L' ` J9 t/ B. v) Z! G. S$ S5 |
strcpy(string, str1); , E4 q- o8 p& v$ m. p* V
printf("%s\n", string);
/ E: i/ F8 i, c: v& _# \! qreturn 0;
+ l& u9 O1 h6 K9 x5 Z- h8 }# b} $ b. `! v- H" n8 ^
7 z+ N+ u' g1 m$ X
 x- m8 ?/ S+ i v H$ q/ M9 A
 P, r8 S+ Z6 a4 W
函数名: strcspn 
% J# t7 w! t' ^功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
& E* r9 `7 K/ `6 k. T k用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
; T& { B& x8 g! z, F7 {0 U程序例: 
/ ~0 o& p1 X j0 Z8 k#include <STDIO.H>
 S( p, x0 ]7 N( p. ?6 i#include <STRING.H>
2 z; {! m8 w2 Q- Z4 A: L#include <ALLOC.H>0 N) `7 a9 c/ g6 e1 P d
int main(void) 7 _. @7 Y8 Q: I8 c) |( R# ]$ {
{
- I/ x [2 J) h9 {" n( Lchar *string1 = "1234567890"; ! d8 P$ {- S! T% g, r, _
char *string2 = "747DC8";
0 }' d: x; t1 H0 P: m4 ]7 {2 |int length; * X+ A1 u4 l" g$ s/ d
length = strcspn(string1, string2);
, g# y3 u% U7 A- N k( B3 }* ~printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); + _ W, h' T& l% a; @ ~9 g
return 0; 7 T) O0 X+ V$ I7 K( q4 U L* h. D
}
2 @- T3 ?, a9 u( E) d0 I- c/ b# r# f- p+ E: n

' u" V1 A, Q1 T& \2 k9 _/ ?8 W6 U X% b; o3 x
函数名: strdup - e8 Q2 C C# P
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 : C3 p# c" X" G
用法: char *strdup(char *str);
5 N3 g6 e. F' T4 L1 I程序例: 
0 c3 E: \8 N# V2 u) g: k#include <STDIO.H>- q0 d+ M, A t" _# P
#include <STRING.H>
) W! u1 |6 }2 ~* f#include <ALLOC.H>
0 H. N2 U X. e7 R2 X: jint main(void)
! C8 z1 L& ^0 U M{ 4 _, v6 r, ]4 I% t" ~2 E' N" z+ `
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 1 e/ ~/ s, F! j1 K( o! s
dup_str = strdup(string); + c% g- R$ m; w* k) q. Z1 J5 t
printf("%s\n", dup_str);
$ o! K: b$ i& m. G& J3 D( S nfree(dup_str); * u4 v/ J; V* U Z
return 0; % \* m8 [ I6 O" `, ?
} . X* O! E3 `" B2 X
; A2 a9 p% |9 r/ z5 }
& d* b/ k/ \7 a7 a

: J8 x( W& O7 F. g% Y函数名: stricmp 
5 D% m- T5 z |6 j( N功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 3 N: M" ?0 q0 s8 P+ j8 Q- ~
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
7 a$ |+ P2 p2 f$ y. H& ^1 F程序例: ! W+ ~) }: V( O: z
#include <STRING.H> E4 B$ k" U7 U: @* \' n
#include <STDIO.H>6 ]8 Q7 |3 h) B; | W9 C0 \
int main(void) % y, A1 n( Q2 f7 \ ?
{ 4 X3 S0 U3 B, N3 L2 K) g
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 2 b1 Q! t8 R8 F& a
int ptr; 
1 E9 X/ u- e. U' Eptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); , ~0 a! K2 a$ P- j6 ~8 x2 `7 F) z& r
if (ptr > 0) 1 E, a1 j: L" ]/ J- r, r! B
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
/ G; C5 R! _" o, I7 D( Y a7 ?if (ptr < 0)
: K3 G1 D) l- ~8 s/ }7 V9 W; W# oprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ; j. s; t. _& \7 I9 P/ e. p
if (ptr == 0) 5 e3 n8 I, B: i+ ^+ C- f' b
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
# E3 \# i: D V4 _1 h Ereturn 0;
! n6 n/ {- ?1 ^& ~8 }}
: N V6 r2 `3 ]; ~% g$ V$ F G. z) _6 f8 }, {2 J
2 t3 J+ e, d1 V
函数名: strerror 9 K) Z+ S4 D" E, X: C, i& R' `
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
1 y. a* R) O2 P* B* a! [' F' P用法: char *strerror(int errnum); 8 A9 Q7 R! M( f& X
程序例: 
+ _- y, i# P, X+ M#include <STDIO.H>
. Q: b, C ?$ H6 p#include <ERRNO.H>+ ?$ Z+ k0 W; X
int main(void) + `: g4 o+ N( ?2 y
{
: [$ B2 r8 H+ o) wchar *buffer; 2 _( J3 Z6 e; s; ^
buffer = strerror(errno); N* c. f2 I% I6 U1 n+ E
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
8 {' b; ^( h. Q( v# _return 0; 7 C; Y7 ~. |7 ~! \8 Q- ^
} ; U: l/ A0 D* v$ a# y+ `6 X% V1 D/ O

% ]2 I2 ]- m* U/ I
" [+ I- ?, n& m
函数名: strcmpi 
+ V0 q6 v& h4 Y0 c功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
4 x! |; ]$ |) B/ j用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
. v C' A+ N& H$ U程序例: 
& t4 z1 r3 X5 a6 [: N#include <STRING.H>3 E3 `; M8 \/ e- G& X3 p2 `
#include <STDIO.H>
4 h1 O& h7 r8 |# x0 _3 G4 wint main(void)
+ O( V6 k/ a$ V1 l8 j{
+ o* q& Y; ]" L& Hchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; , i5 O/ ?6 }7 W* A: W
int ptr; 
+ k2 T5 [) P- D( Dptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
 V& P& O; ]6 }- Z( e- y0 @if (ptr > 0)
( ]/ Z; |1 N0 O3 n( ?5 Q5 G" O9 [printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ( v( F: l9 J: e e; g. `
if (ptr < 0)
1 @& ^" A5 l6 }2 G8 E8 \printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); % `9 I; O9 J) ]8 ]) N
if (ptr == 0) # h# a, @: a7 x. P9 ^/ s, A7 d; j
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
, j/ x* k) U8 q2 J/ M {: \return 0;
0 n/ v1 Y5 n7 @' Q' p; V, S) L. H/ [}
 f2 ^% r, F% o3 R- X& r6 \5 i" {6 z% y+ a6 D* u

7 o6 N$ \2 L" D! P, ?) m
: ^7 m/ z8 U+ g, I函数名: strncmp ; c2 _* D7 g7 Y
功能: 串比较
1 ?2 t4 f ]- F# F- t- a9 h用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
! y2 _4 s+ j5 W9 Q0 |程序例: 
7 K4 m Z8 g. n/ k#include <STRING.H>
 V( a" d6 |4 F" y' {. i K#include <STDIO.H>
+ v2 k* d m- g' s( ?# t( n7 E% mint main(void) 
- H6 x+ h7 W# V$ y: o* d{
- q$ d- A# A4 ychar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
2 h9 D/ K0 M. G$ \int ptr; 
8 J/ j. d% B8 t; `ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
* H* t- @2 J: C" I2 f' D( ~8 g0 }if (ptr > 0)
9 ~7 u" e- E& k) c! C5 a0 cprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ' G+ ], m- o$ `1 }! d/ @% q
else . b5 [( \) J2 F) u
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
" J* e0 |! U7 \ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
" z* I2 o" x$ g7 jif (ptr > 0)
 V' Z+ ~* f/ \. E- Y6 Oprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); 7 I8 l0 P# t# R3 C% f% P
else , W; \" |4 {5 h. x$ F2 J
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 2 o- k" D4 p* w6 J1 t
return(0);
% r* z( R; |( e0 G1 m}
3 w. C! A, B: K) O% G
) d1 {8 _4 H; _0 G4 c: l- F- m
/ r8 L8 ~ [% T6 v% g* ~/ r. }( j函数名: strncmpi 
/ r; J$ l& z# y1 o功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
0 k6 w+ g: `0 \* m- j& u% }用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 4 ^' w4 w$ R$ U5 L5 l+ k
程序例: ( o7 q4 \5 x8 j- w" g' \
#include <STRING.H>% T% H! `; n: {
#include <STDIO.H>' ~! D1 ?* B/ F* J3 r2 Q' \* E/ W
int main(void) * a! B4 U1 I% c; Y
{
- l. o' @! p, l: q$ @) Q, Pchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; ) E& v+ A+ B! {0 l T+ T! n9 k
int ptr; * ]! n# ?2 H2 A
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
3 d& Z q$ W$ `$ j6 Wif (ptr > 0)
; ]) \! U: p) {4 p3 j3 cprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 4 c) i9 A) O) o, q, W0 C# b. I
if (ptr < 0)
2 ?1 Q2 g |+ N7 I/ oprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
. L' E) L2 O: w) y7 @' ]if (ptr == 0)
8 _* Y8 F* t: i) qprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
! D, G9 d/ Y# K4 K$ ]return 0; 
2 N# l7 L5 {6 ?0 y# m}
) ?/ |0 Y k+ W3 y9 }8 t0 k" A0 i9 p Q$ d6 O0 Z1 b/ ?: \' i& Y

8 ?1 G* M: ?' b) U2 Y$ q/ O9 C! R5 F函数名: strncpy 
7 U. W* a+ y! L: x* ` ]功能: 串拷贝 * r: i3 R0 J9 ~+ e8 m8 F6 Y) g
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
2 r& w" d* ^6 n程序例: 
+ ?3 n; h% L5 x' H5 u#include <STDIO.H>
: d$ N; h2 E7 y: ]#include <STRING.H>
' m( Q" i* R2 Nint main(void) 2 J9 P( o" [6 I( I
{
; P8 a5 N: m1 x4 f, p7 |8 u9 R8 }4 Bchar string[10];
3 e& [% U# j; u' L% Z3 T& _char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
6 A2 {2 c3 h1 S7 R+ A0 r$ Jstrncpy(string, str1, 3); ( u$ i7 ]4 O' r* k% U" c' n' B
string[3] = '\0';
( ]2 y6 P9 z& O1 h: e, Nprintf("%s\n", string);
; m Y8 K( A( c. P! y' E! `' [return 0; / c6 P7 G4 ]1 R; {8 B* C) e0 P8 G$ d% ~$ k
} 6 ~* n, R5 a6 h

4 h8 e7 K( A, E# t& X
0 T; i5 W. c/ z1 y函数名: strnicmp 
9 A# X; g; I& H. Q3 p功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
. Z6 N8 K( r& Y+ G6 K9 s用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); % R$ t- \" @) v+ ^; p
程序例: 
7 S% w7 ]# J- m; M" I2 G#include <STRING.H>1 j3 U6 c% p6 w/ x8 G0 T$ [
#include <STDIO.H>, N! J! D+ M, \; Y
int main(void)
2 O5 \% \- k3 L2 J- ^{ : S5 m3 x$ A7 y
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 3 J& P" {- U% ~ V2 E. ^! R
int ptr; ! @, q9 P d; F! N% T
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 0 E3 \( t' y' x% Y) k
if (ptr > 0) H" v( b" Z: i n* Q9 |
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
& B3 M( h e# r$ ?- ~- ?7 V: Z# xif (ptr < 0) ( K/ o" _) T% S$ g5 G- n
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
' F2 Z; ? o2 _# uif (ptr == 0) + \ R/ V4 d/ G) @# M
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
$ x8 k8 C( U/ A& o" P( oreturn 0; 4 B. d, o; I! H$ g. E
}
) f8 ^6 t- T2 K8 Q1 v7 x; y: \1 O% u# b5 Y0 Z# @
2 p# u8 J8 [5 D' a

( _0 g9 y5 Q0 _/ |9 W: v函数名: strnset 
( t' |0 k( k# t* ?" {- w% l9 F功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
& [* A4 Q4 ^5 k" I5 F. Z用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
1 l# a' ^& k3 `% k- k程序例: ) e, g# N+ s% T J
#include <STDIO.H>
# p2 ^. Z3 J2 Y) w#include <STRING.H>1 y, ]" D# M' W! E
int main(void) 9 j6 Q# \; d5 |; Z1 `0 t
{ : c9 U$ x. _5 `/ K" r) x
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; & a* M" s) o" ~4 R8 B' V$ Y
char letter = 'x'; 
) ~' I/ \6 X+ Q. p1 M/ p# J& Kprintf("string before strnset: %s\n", string); ( C5 o# N& p' m4 {( [
strnset(string, letter, 13); ! L0 i) G) Y; v( g) m' O! E
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
, x" ]4 ]6 o1 M2 preturn 0;
' q" f+ ^/ ?5 H, Z% l: T' \% y}
 Q. i/ w3 [' m* ~2 b" f; `6 o9 @7 _4 r) O' ^6 n5 i0 z, X0 e
/ p; ?- ?+ m* F0 A3 a
函数名: strpbrk 3 L8 D9 N( _9 I0 w( G& E" _
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 7 T1 ^" X, H8 K6 `! E
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
! J' q! B6 M2 U程序例: . K `1 s8 J" y: }8 I
#include <STDIO.H>
 O" {% \/ ~+ F0 O; ?& Z#include <STRING.H>
- i) J5 a/ U( e0 b; A4 B# ]int main(void) : b! h: O: R* \0 ^
{ ! _% A8 @; h. E2 N4 {4 {1 F
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; |; ~; d) c2 R- Y" Y' E0 K) B
char *string2 = "onm";
7 a" U5 N# g+ gchar *ptr; 
2 {! g" k; c+ p% H, q5 J2 tptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); ( K6 J( w7 a8 V
if (ptr) 6 `/ x1 O8 C. M. T7 W- J
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
' J' Z7 b/ x o, {2 a' x' pelse
2 W5 ~# o2 \% [. L) @' h6 u% {; `. r) @printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 8 K- a: o+ j% h
return 0;
' K1 P' Z: W& c3 _} " o% R9 u# U8 O% v
2 w4 T3 ^( j7 T& r# ^

* k1 M$ @6 Q! Z2 J; v# ?0 [" T( D$ ]5 @0 G, L
函数名: strrchr 
. X' a) ^4 n- A3 M功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 # K8 J) U T+ Q" U0 _+ R P
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
6 p8 u2 G0 I7 W1 J; g t9 O程序例: 
1 L1 ?8 G2 d, T/ ]- _" o( `! }#include <STRING.H>: b! J0 l& V5 w" G& i- u1 K
#include <STDIO.H>
6 W; k& S" Q6 z* B; G s& {int main(void) . x% p9 [$ E: \, r5 U! b* E4 b2 i9 l
{ / I+ {0 G3 U, Z5 w
char string[15];
- H+ v, K0 q" [' a2 Wchar *ptr, c = 'r'; 
& `+ \1 D H8 C: [2 estrcpy(string, "This is a string"); z' c# |& Q& {& D% N) e+ ?
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
6 \% l! Z: x6 Y/ }# Oif (ptr) # h: d1 ?' c8 B1 I
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
, V' X5 i' d2 ~! }else
% Z) j% B" L+ ~4 a& @printf("The character was not found\n");
5 ]! K. A2 T- E Z- ]7 rreturn 0;
# t) _) W( R# U1 [& L P} 
9 b! c: ^2 W j |; N. E% T" e$ W4 C2 y9 g5 W

3 D5 w% u) K& Q% ?+ n9 V
% f. z. }& @1 Z K+ y: S函数名: strrev 
# x+ J2 \+ @' M, O. i+ ]# _) Y功能: 串倒转
2 `0 ]$ Q; E1 z7 k9 k# v用法: char *strrev(char *str); : l. p9 {/ K( {- q2 ]( H; G
程序例: 
- T w+ X6 U) [2 | O& c* o$ u#include <STRING.H>8 p* |0 i- X% S+ a* G6 b/ d
#include <STDIO.H>
) M2 K+ `; `& B9 Q# n: \int main(void)
7 w8 M, S9 I! o$ D% E' v{ c3 q B( c* }# a) M4 c+ H
char *forward = "string"; ( b/ v$ Z# c: U3 j* a8 F. q9 L
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); / T( ]9 ~& @: a
strrev(forward); 8 z( n- V2 D0 [2 I$ H$ w- w, b
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); , f+ q6 C1 U4 ?( s+ w, g
return 0;
3 q. i- B1 U* h' H7 c. A0 I5 `} . t5 a' g) `5 F( _2 S" s1 M
9 F, q$ r+ g$ b
函数名: strset 
/ ^! ~- G; A3 z- C) ~( \( e) Q功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
* z7 k) L4 C' T( E, x用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
7 E) Q7 }! q! Z, e2 R程序例: : L5 a" Y( g, r+ I
#include <STDIO.H>0 }4 j0 w: N" w; |* }& P
#include <STRING.H>( @# Y0 C! E+ w" B7 k- R1 J: k
int main(void)
) L" x$ y- t; ~4 H: d{
& P2 C1 L6 P, L7 Schar string[10] = "123456789";
! n6 s# i$ |3 }9 [0 pchar symbol = 'c'; 
) b! S; X9 i! s' y" O# d% ^* gprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
: n* k& |+ b$ m8 G& t7 }strset(string, symbol); - r7 f0 x- }6 x+ T* h% r
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string); 5 U. ?, t. S# J8 ?
return 0; 4 V! X' S9 Q, t+ G+ D2 B
}
3 ?% W" j" q9 }" V- v# y$ `1 O6 g- Z0 [0 ]
8 p Y) I4 i( t p* U& G% |. F0 K

. b1 m) C3 D6 y/ d3 F函数名: strspn % T+ u1 {8 R( Z9 O
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
' p G8 D P; t% b6 V6 E, H用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); 6 C4 v% K! W( V- U2 c8 t
程序例: 3 Z j" `$ J" o1 K, @5 S
#include <STDIO.H>4 ?; ?% ]9 I( L1 z1 k% B
#include <STRING.H>+ m" b5 w2 L0 Y6 n1 I
#include <ALLOC.H>
' |- l& F) N8 x3 Uint main(void)
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char *string1 = "1234567890"; 7 u' H* ^7 [# ^8 a3 [
char *string2 = "123DC8";
0 ], e1 S# E, `6 }) Cint length; & _: @- o( c" V! f5 d. q/ B# Z
length = strspn(string1, string2); : w3 A+ |' {7 o @0 X$ i
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); 7 ^0 H+ ~* V- u3 }& T
return 0;
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函数名: strstr 
; {8 g7 @1 l- V% L功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
" s$ T5 I3 N- }* n+ P# R用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); $ E( o4 E. }) _; s' k
程序例: 
9 d7 m( A. @8 A; P5 B3 l, v#include <STDIO.H>0 z& a' x5 N/ u# {0 n+ f
#include <STRING.H>! l/ }' k& J& P: Z
int main(void)
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char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 9 X$ R4 j, | |
ptr = strstr(str1, str2); % l% U7 c' E4 V% K$ F: a
printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); # T/ E( O9 t) w0 {6 X
return 0; 2 X" S9 z# g( M( a
} 
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- J. @1 _ w4 k D$ t7 t! q* n函数名: strtod % |: T! D V6 C( F
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 $ z- G1 W# a4 ?/ Z$ i8 ~7 r& M
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
9 _( e8 Z- H1 s5 b% w( h5 l9 J5 n; x程序例: 
$ ?& B& A( ^# a* e: E#include <STDIO.H>
9 l$ @5 h$ ]7 W; l# i N* b4 _#include <STDLIB.H>) r% T l, ? q% U0 {
int main(void)
" O$ x M1 T6 G{
! K) ]% _0 B) dchar input[80], *endptr; * L- K2 d' C/ p7 X
double value; 
; c0 I/ b+ `- i% d% S- l1 C- t. }printf("Enter a floating point number:"); , B4 e& ]9 v7 W6 z
gets(input); . f' Q0 _/ Q4 X" k; P7 O8 ]
value = strtod(input, &endptr); $ o0 f. {6 X K* r; u4 j2 |' S
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
5 t8 B; g& P3 n( Lreturn 0; 8 y B9 @4 C# m7 r- a0 o
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7 M: \$ N; _9 v& ^+ F F函数名: strtok 
9 C6 f2 A0 l" P$ D2 a; [! Z- \功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
8 u6 C+ q: ~( W用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); 8 m. B2 s9 W7 j# j8 k5 S) d
程序例: 
. O& T- U5 Q9 ^#include <STRING.H># Q5 Q; U- A% r
#include <STDIO.H>' x3 m0 c. J2 }5 d
int main(void)
! ]3 Q' l# s( H; v+ n. [{
4 ^" x- c. u7 p5 Gchar input[16] = "abc,d";
' y1 M0 C+ ~" b6 l$ b; Jchar *p; 
4 {: D: b4 _) d S9 S2 c6 h1 e/* strtok places a NULL terminator
4 u( B0 B6 `) N' din front of the token, if found */
$ Y8 q% N" P: [ | Mp = strtok(input, ",");
( U1 Y; `1 i% r8 ]9 O7 Z8 oif (p) printf("%s\n", p); : ^0 {" a- Q( }. Y# F0 c
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
' s/ Z! N5 {1 r$ F5 yas the first parameter returns a pointer 2 Q0 Y- \$ ]+ A
to the character following the token */
& ?( c, n/ t& e$ u' G4 y) |p = strtok(NULL, ","); & ]9 ~: ^, C6 {6 w) ?
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
5 f. j+ @6 b! O. ^3 }, o" U) z; y+ ^return 0; 5 w# _% R/ ~6 X, \8 B4 S
} ) ^# @4 c# |# j, z# R5 x5 z: a
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6 I6 }/ V! O2 N' H, |1 Q函数名: strtol 
5 g# Z0 L7 A$ B$ N& e% E2 r5 ~功能: 将串转换为长整数
" D( d/ Z8 [1 b9 R* Z用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); + e& F K" A9 y3 |+ s
程序例: 
* k9 n5 O& v& J* t8 U: S#include <STDLIB.H>$ p, n- \$ g; n$ V
#include <STDIO.H>
* C5 h i2 j, z2 o3 _int main(void)
# d8 G8 a0 c& }/ L7 U{ 7 Y+ _ B1 a) Q6 T9 X6 f# @0 c
char *string = "87654321", *endptr; 6 P7 ]+ ^* B% a
long lnumber; 1 i, v T, j# Y' E3 y1 Z, n/ g
/* strtol converts string to long integer */ , n9 w* p4 P" t7 P6 A5 z; S
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); & r9 Q7 r% Q0 U; R3 j, h% Z! Y
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 8 a7 H( v$ P# |, _
return 0;
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1 G; l' G6 v$ E' F
函数名: strupr , H) m: m6 S1 J8 c
功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 " ~# [5 c/ \% g( F/ i5 Q
用法: char *strupr(char *str); , y, W4 j- ?# l& O
程序例: 
+ [3 @: a3 [8 \0 Q5 r9 D4 i9 R#include <STDIO.H>8 ~7 c: Z( A; i) `
#include <STRING.H>
) n4 Z+ x6 b Q- R, C9 y8 U& [int main(void) : y2 [: t6 H& R% O/ r5 K4 D1 ]" ^
{ 8 q H, ?6 Q' s0 C
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
' k, k3 W+ g- e g; ?/* converts string to upper case characters */
3 }# |" `7 ?2 F4 j+ i2 tptr = strupr(string); 7 b7 J1 S) q7 Z+ V0 b& e
printf("%s\n", ptr);
6 o! D: a( ^ O1 o# H2 areturn 0; 9 e* e& ~" Q5 ]! `% }; i, w
} ( v- S& f/ \) Q6 H: M/ B
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" \+ I2 j7 X; x' C; G+ g函数名: swab : y6 n Z3 w# W$ e
功能: 交换字节 {& r* E" S* _, `( \/ M" o
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); 8 ?# {: X$ S3 m$ _* _
程序例: 
/ |. c% A& p$ F' z#include <STDLIB.H>, t% }" { r1 Q' q4 j" X/ Y" P
#include <STDIO.H>; e L8 E/ o, {
#include <STRING.H># F7 M" Z4 f V1 i4 m9 I/ E7 z0 s2 g
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; ' a/ |* N/ Z8 E# _5 N2 V! k0 h
char target[15]; 
9 g. M$ D" B5 H+ Z, {int main(void)
( v: [' i1 ]- x6 d1 y( D7 G{ 5 e2 e/ f6 {; z+ q2 }" G
swab(source, target, strlen(source)); 2 F" |9 B$ Q/ u, b( P
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
- @0 H6 \: T/ Dreturn 0; ) o& Q' ^9 p2 V' w
}
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函数名: system : o! N5 w% o: L
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
# A( t, P# r8 ?3 b用法: int system(char *command);
4 N6 T7 I* j/ Y4 G; c# H程序例: 
! d0 l( s2 f$ C* A. K0 U3 g#include <STDLIB.H>) r/ Y6 z9 B6 V# e6 [$ R# s
#include <STDIO.H>$ ?+ y$ z6 w+ N4 G3 [
int main(void)
5 P, K5 G3 B) Y9 p4 M" w& ~" z{ + @6 `: M7 r8 O7 k: U
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
' r" Q. [9 T3 W+ j# \system("dir"); # D; [. {2 ^: c' Q1 Z* o
return 0;
2 ^8 ~! a' B) x1 S}