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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
5 ^9 c7 V! W) j. ^$ f/* display the gray scale */ / a. e o6 s5 T
ht = getmaxy() / 16;
. y% ?! f# [7 B: Oxmax = getmaxx();
; d! Y+ Y; @. p, I! hy = 0;
* W* m# m) h, `7 z: ]) Mfor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { 9 ^0 ~5 m, X% w q
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
, l( Y8 h! c" b& S; l; l9 @bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht);
1 `5 n# s4 B$ x- fy += ht;
7 J9 e2 e0 L. U( r} ! T- x" {2 C* i) v
/* clean up */ ) C& x5 H4 n3 A! u5 R, n
getch(); 1 a8 T: r1 X2 W, E
closegraph(); ! I1 ?7 G0 B# [: E$ V, t& Q# d
return 0;
: S+ i5 M0 |! j5 I7 L8 y} - h7 V1 v; O2 a
( p/ s! F" }8 O/ Z" C8 d3 ~
: }- F) M T/ Y- y* w8 j; @+ J
( q( j! j4 \5 K: _3 z p
函数名: settextjustify 
$ V+ ~' \' Y8 e8 L: `* T9 ]功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 3 y; D5 w1 {7 T0 }4 N, X
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); 0 {% J& V1 b+ z$ s2 `. l7 a
程序例: ( E, }: j4 z( k6 Q4 \/ T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>7 w7 B, P3 V0 R5 Q3 ~
#include <STDLIB.H>
4 I) Y) _, N* G1 B/ L; r* J#include <STDIO.H> _3 c1 B% ]4 s* Q
#include <CONIO.H>* w6 `! v# E" Y# f
/* function prototype */
) I+ M1 v J- v+ j# W5 v6 _void xat(int x, int y); X f( Z. S9 C4 }! i4 T- m
/* horizontal text justification settings */
 |# S3 k' g5 `/ t7 M2 Pchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
: K9 E& P- @2 S7 t"CENTER_TEXT", 4 M6 J- J+ b4 e& {3 Q
"RIGHT_TEXT"
* r* J1 ]3 Q+ w! L; z}; 
& ]! N# N4 p5 F, y- n) f0 K5 p/* vertical text justification settings */ : f( s$ |8 }7 v0 Z2 H
char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
 K, |5 ~9 k9 L"CENTER_TEXT",
, d. M2 V5 Q) c* A. ]4 P"RIGHT_TEXT" 0 ~1 @, j8 g/ {
}; ' }4 O' A# b% ^$ U, a3 f/ `
int main(void) & p* j2 r" @( P7 i% a) h
{
: y E4 k; y; {. N& X, m$ g$ \/* request auto detection */
" e7 g9 ~. w: @% X9 @0 Sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
) u8 L% s7 E0 ~: P; Jint midx, midy, hj, vj; & k9 W( z/ u% ~! I d: @9 I
char msg[80]; ! ~* K& |" h1 U7 ]$ B. ?& ]
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" j7 @% u; T- L G$ xinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
# x3 F0 F) e2 O1 p/* read result of initialization */
( f: ~$ D+ D- k- werrorcode = graphresult();
- M1 h0 l2 q. d6 l3 w9 c/ eif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
8 _" r7 I: K, N/ l{
; W. ?: w2 X3 q8 ?, A, Sprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); - b. H' d# ]/ D
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 6 X- x K# m9 z+ z
getch(); + g( ]* L+ m5 J+ v a, d$ p. b
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
7 _7 T5 ]! q- j5 O2 n} 
. ~3 q+ t- c# F+ |midx = getmaxx() / 2;
; z P* T) f9 i- V7 ~% ^' rmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
4 c8 U6 @3 x$ I+ T& O( S- e/* loop through text justifications */
7 @/ q# Y- z4 h3 j1 z+ S( xfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
- Y& z8 b! n- F& Afor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
) }) ^7 N% n, ~) n8 T4 [/ i* x3 R{ - E& h1 k& x. }# Z
cleardevice(); - r5 I& t3 O. X/ v+ Z% Y
/* set the text justification */
! f4 Q6 I5 B& t5 o3 f) I8 xsettextjustify(hj, vj); . t: v9 L& X E3 ?9 s- I
/* create a message string */ # i- ~6 W) r8 u" j
sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); & ^) i4 s5 p V3 F: J
/* create cross hairs on the screen */
( `8 e( F: P; x- v% u5 Z5 {xat(midx, midy); 
* d$ w' N% A2 X2 w; Z) K/* output the message */ , ^. V9 U$ \8 x6 p4 Z' D* }2 R
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg); . A$ W) i4 p7 E+ c$ Y! m
getch(); $ G) q& k! Z# f* A4 O0 P4 S
} " g# }& w7 W; U( L
/* clean up */ % e' K- I6 \: r; t, `0 u9 B
closegraph();
- _0 ?4 l; V; n% c/ T7 nreturn 0; 8 T4 t- }8 O8 B
} 
$ u' |' x- T5 Q$ B/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ 4 e8 U: T+ O- T" O$ w: |
void xat(int x, int y)
0 [5 \/ j# X i3 ]% ?9 D{
& r+ ^! j+ \; l, b0 \1 F- gline(x-4, y, x+4, y); $ J2 ~ w) j6 S, e& F
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
" |( J6 D6 |. p$ N/ W: ~0 B; E} 
+ ]6 N) N- V3 K; P* a3 |+ p! _9 ]$ O# k! z

! C; f9 Y: n) t" S函数名: settextstyle 
! E: E* N2 p5 {" q功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 + t& b) s: d9 y8 s# P9 Z
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); 8 }9 P* [; T/ z0 F( \1 Y
程序例: 
: H: \" |$ o9 U1 O#include <GRAPHICS.H>* Y+ R( q7 b; {, z! k& d
#include <STDLIB.H>
( j$ E% Z' P* f" `8 K0 D& K#include <STDIO.H>
3 |& p3 y, T9 j u& g! [#include <CONIO.H>+ X9 F! j( H# w
/* the names of the text styles supported */
1 `: S4 u5 n, Cchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", K* f" z5 i/ \1 i
"TRIPLEX font",
; a |$ R' ]9 u/ M$ u% A"SMALL font", 9 J& t1 ], Z( {; U8 Y
"SANS SERIF font",
- M1 R4 l- s/ D" A: O"GOTHIC font"
0 o1 A: n: a4 r( A" n; ~+ s5 i}; ; L4 H1 V8 y' _% D1 @$ K
int main(void)
1 Q2 n5 C+ F' m) D& P. M{ - a; b& x; Q9 ] w5 j1 {
/* request auto detection */ ( `' H; z3 c, M) L8 V3 I2 `
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ; Y6 p W4 M. F" x2 l
int style, midx, midy;
' ?& ^$ R( k/ p( w5 Eint size = 1; 1 }2 U8 M) d% `
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
- N; G3 p3 P* C4 F, W; d& V; H8 Vinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
+ m" X" {, _% G/* read result of initialization */
3 {1 k4 Q' c: p1 g/ T' d& N: {7 q9 Berrorcode = graphresult(); ; V2 q3 Z: n! l& X& i9 X
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
/ x6 D- F3 b- n( }) U{
" O3 ?* Y3 f. |' Q; Oprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
( A$ \" {4 e) q0 uprintf("Press any key to halt:");
' k1 G8 P: }; M+ p# d4 wgetch(); 7 ~2 J8 `; x4 c' S! L" D
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ |7 ^# e6 n. A2 V# a} 
3 p: [! I8 e2 i4 {7 omidx = getmaxx() / 2; ; [8 Q$ R7 d4 E1 G1 C8 \
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 6 q* Z( Z/ e* X% w1 R
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
9 Q7 h0 |5 g/ k+ q+ s# g/* loop through the available text styles */
# M6 C) l4 J; F. H0 lfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 9 O) {2 H7 g- j: \4 {& \
{ : U# T3 p7 c$ _% T+ Y$ r7 V
cleardevice();
( t# @" A2 g- l! _# q, M1 F/ S; Kif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 7 b# ^/ u" t% h7 G
size = 4; 
 z3 v) w: G6 a1 j+ p- B' \$ {/* select the text style */ $ ~4 n2 s( s o( E
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 2 Y4 F \: _, Z
/* output a message */
! ?& Z1 W& t; F" X& ]& M$ c; Douttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); % }* l- e+ g5 r2 I- }
getch(); 3 a- f5 {- o: |1 P
} 
: b, d8 O. ^# C4 e2 M% E4 m/* clean up */
% v8 Y! [3 ?- C5 F bclosegraph();
" P, z2 P, g: b) F% T; Vreturn 0; 4 e3 M- H0 U- X
} % r/ C! c6 @3 R s: K& m5 N
. Y+ O0 d4 w9 O. v# T- \
; l% {0 F( s$ ? Q# p
函数名: settextstyle 
% _/ o# D, F8 B+ D& j% L ^- ?5 S功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
5 u3 P$ k9 i1 W8 H2 V) D& r用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
6 Q$ {7 n' Y+ @2 v" S, z1 R; T程序例: & I" s9 F8 e0 s5 g# H6 ?
#include <GRAPHICS.H>9 E( ^; {# m. W7 E0 _
#include <STDLIB.H>6 @" K( r; d9 b3 ?$ r
#include <STDIO.H>
7 W( t8 H7 J) r* I% y q#include <CONIO.H>
; J. L* Y( u0 Y; n% h3 T/* the names of the text styles supported */
4 m0 A6 x6 }8 G* ^: Q) U6 S0 Gchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", , s7 B. \) U4 H$ i' Z
"TRIPLEX font", ) g; B- x, {& B) \: H* q \" ]
"SMALL font",
- f' F) f$ B, {: l; o+ n( ]2 v"SANS SERIF font",
* n2 ~& H0 e& K4 d8 \. @7 \1 [) ^" o"GOTHIC font" 6 T+ R" ]. h2 P! u3 F8 b! z
}; : i3 N5 h, @2 c8 t6 r
int main(void)
, t, B t# z& r. l9 G7 l9 W{ 0 B4 {* ?. i. o
/* request auto detection */ 0 D* H% b- j" y
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 9 W% Y" v; ^5 U* ]4 t$ I
int style, midx, midy;
 k1 Z, g/ H& h9 bint size = 1; 
, w; ^; u* I% Z+ j/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / ?( y ? I! j( u: H) M/ X0 ]4 T
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
" ]3 h8 J- c! |$ \; f5 i! ?/* read result of initialization */ 6 q. F0 I. n8 l% I6 y9 ?
errorcode = graphresult(); 5 U% {6 P& F* ^1 d
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
" v( n" P6 x" w5 \0 l{
; H( Q: r0 z9 Uprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 1 F t$ D# b) U! }( w
printf("Press any key to halt:");
. d; F4 C7 z7 h& s7 Ygetch();
1 ^( }1 e% S- i5 C0 j2 |exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
 G; ]# M; ^8 X; o} 
, q4 J# @+ `2 w8 D! hmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
+ I" ]1 }- n* v- Qmidy = getmaxy() / 2; " @$ b( O# E2 y1 i
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); - A/ ~- g9 I' k/ s; {
/* loop through the available text styles */
, i. f$ Q8 L9 m" zfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 7 T4 B5 s! W m8 M0 P% K
{
& {, y' P, }; u" A5 bcleardevice(); . v+ E5 o$ Y6 ?
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
0 t( Y7 d8 E8 Rsize = 4; * B* \. D/ M4 S4 i: b+ Y
/* select the text style */
: Q% C- k2 f; }settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 5 u0 G% k* Z; }( S3 B1 [
/* output a message */
% U% G! @5 X' z3 C" douttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 9 W P; j/ `( m( k
getch();
/ I) \9 {) F I! I4 T: s$ B} 
+ x- L. m6 G8 I% u/* clean up */ 0 Z% W) Z1 m9 n% \, B3 ^1 N7 ]) B
closegraph(); % j' e+ v% L; @1 e3 a8 j
return 0; ) c7 Q2 W) Y+ R4 o) u0 B; S
} ) Z6 p& F. L h% j
" v2 X( }. q. {8 Q9 K0 P$ q2 s4 |

8 i0 v4 o: a0 C* J! g函数名: settime 
8 C& Y- o" Z5 a% Q) U) F( M' x; [功能: 设置系统时间 , a) ]. A: ?$ T+ g7 s6 n3 p& T
用法: void settime(struct time *timep);
3 k% @) `5 O0 N: F4 |* _程序例: % ^& B0 _. F, G6 i8 S" ]' S
#include <STDIO.H>8 V+ `6 z' B; G" L3 H' O) D9 l. q
#include <DOS.H>
- q9 x$ Q/ r0 r2 l, |9 v8 L6 jint main(void) ) m+ I+ Y% T) l
{
$ J R2 Y; I, O: lstruct time t; 
+ [# S. N6 q$ C' ]- n2 Sgettime(&t); 9 B! t ]8 K; c( G+ Z
printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
% r3 ^; }; }1 }3 g' T9 c( C8 gprintf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
) q3 r+ R; ] V- k% Aprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
- g* O, k3 v% ]7 Iprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
4 U# F7 r0 o+ u$ r' X" r c# O/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */ 6 g+ R1 b+ E T" J. \5 p+ b
t.ti_min++; 7 [3 o l3 U/ s+ h" N5 s4 C
settime(&t); 
! K: v+ o8 k/ U0 [. Mreturn 0;
: A$ s( `. y* h) b6 g6 @} % J! w3 G4 |% t, t1 p0 ^* B
6 l6 _$ d2 w; y

9 _8 o6 z: {/ F6 L7 u4 H' v函数名: setusercharsize 6 j) m; A- v: p* S+ i$ C% O4 }
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
" K Z. y/ c/ T' A# B用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); 3 F w8 L1 x* G( ]# b2 L
程序例: ( j$ x! [2 k0 @" \- t
#include <GRAPHICS.H>" b4 t, y+ s& \( F
#include <STDLIB.H>2 V6 p( l" ?: y& s% ?% w
#include <STDIO.H>7 A* ]6 [) [; v& K7 j! q
#include <CONIO.H>
" }) k1 ^5 h( f0 g( Yint main(void) + ?0 f4 c' u/ @7 @
{ ( s& C* [5 E. o% e% j" R; t. b
/* request autodetection */
4 T) t+ j% P' Vint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 0 M5 e0 l1 A1 p+ L
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ " F6 N; N+ V. P! v( {+ m
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 7 X0 Y4 M5 H* g5 F! q9 A
/* read result of initialization */
, t# f" w& V: K- Ferrorcode = graphresult(); * M# q% i, T0 b" v
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
# R9 [3 O! g H D{
* o9 v. \9 }2 a& D \& b$ c' Wprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 v. |6 ~ R& \$ X; N, iprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ) A* e! ~+ r; Z3 O
getch();
) P2 G! l* N; |exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
1 f; V2 Z: d& X% P} 2 V" q* G" a7 T& q2 h! X/ R1 P v
/* select a text style */
# a7 y& D+ Q' S. E$ E/ }) W0 Usettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
. B; f5 ^& o/ H6 C0 i7 u' o( V/* move to the text starting position */ 1 c/ Z8 r2 z/ Q/ y
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); ( k) \/ z; \ M. f
/* output some normal text */ 5 ]9 `% K. v3 u5 Y$ b: j) W
outtext("Norm "); 
7 I1 L" W, t( H+ _ M2 Y' H/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ 9 z+ L0 e% I I! {
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); # ~& I# Y% l" K* h- Q
outtext("Short "); 
6 }" N4 @, v' H+ h. ?! ?1 |4 \( d/* make the text 3 times normal width */
/ j& I, ]5 u0 D; [2 z. hsetusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); / j0 f& \ ~' p4 R
outtext("Wide"); 
0 K% x ~/ ~, P' G3 o4 o" q" @6 o/* clean up */
. ^; \. h. g6 f: H; p$ bgetch(); , C! V* ? M8 h% X7 f a% V7 R
closegraph(); 4 F2 Z4 w0 L) M5 |% g
return 0;
% {7 `% W% p. H: p- ~' u$ |} W( T# y& s. a: N7 [# K3 i6 `

5 o, D7 H+ h$ P3 T7 R函数名: setvbuf 2 V" q! A$ E$ w7 ] B7 N6 g
功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
9 @+ p& B; g3 M1 s用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); . L4 P' L0 k1 }0 \/ X, \
程序例: 7 D, y, `( u6 b
#include <STDIO.H>
/ v* X7 T* L4 fint main(void) $ ~2 q9 J, d; }! V
{
' V/ f6 |" M; n0 N cFILE *input, *output; 6 }, s8 K. N5 N4 l0 V( k
char bufr[512]; a3 r7 K& ^7 w% t5 P5 v+ z3 m4 T
input = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); 3 l) ?2 J+ b+ N7 I2 O2 v/ H
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); 
+ h* u$ f# _; m( J) U2 W/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, 7 U8 d9 _% W( B1 I
using our own character buffer */
. k2 W" m9 B# v; q9 R& dif (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) 8 U B; F: q- Z1 H
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
& m$ |9 m* W+ @6 D1 A# T9 Q. {else ' ?) j9 q6 f6 x2 _- b! G8 }( ~9 P
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 8 X8 d% E! L4 k! h) X+ v( l
/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
+ X. P2 n6 \5 g3 Z: j. V1 \will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ e7 j: Q% v2 x" r z' n+ r
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) c* M- X: X5 Z; H
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); 5 E( Q6 X1 k7 P4 _
else , U& O; W# A1 j% Z& ~3 R( t1 _7 _) ?
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); + c1 H+ t" `+ ~6 r) V, v+ b& v$ U
/* perform file I/O here */ 
" O0 ]2 Q/ E ]( O( d' g/* close files */
( ^3 J( q. v. R8 Q/ r- sfclose(input); ( o( H& Y* n, g$ S7 x
fclose(output); J8 R8 a, f" t+ v! j) Q1 K
return 0;
* a4 F) i" O2 N) e6 d2 N5 ^} ) [( P4 _3 v- I s% \* J- l9 |

. ?1 J$ Z' L& }- D, x
* \/ C+ e# H$ q' ~
' W' y; l S9 s8 e/ l函数名: setvect 
. U/ ?6 h0 P0 t2 C( l5 R& F. V' ?功能: 设置中断矢量入口
4 R6 `, p0 ]4 Q. F用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); 0 V2 f% P: d8 E! {, d
程序例: ) G1 F* }$ c5 V+ t
/***NOTE:
, z3 l: Q; J' S8 a" B0 cThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this ! v; E4 J/ _$ [* z2 ?
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable + b; ]+ m8 v7 v( H/ l
file which will operate correctly. */ / j! b% I ~! m6 ]& i" i0 e
#include <STDIO.H>
) ?# [# j3 _- o- ~* v#include <DOS.H>
; ?: k0 H) S% [* R% D" M0 [( U#include <CONIO.H>0 v. J" J: p( h+ ?6 ?4 f
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
6 N/ K( C2 c! p- R6 L! v1 g6 Mvoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
% ?$ p8 e! l4 j! f. I% r+ ^int count=0; 
/ M2 D/ u: J* n$ u. x5 Avoid interrupt handler(void) " s2 e B+ `1 J# y4 Y+ v! O* L
{
; m8 A, `- s. ?: t/* increase the global counter */ * `" K, Q- w( V+ N
count++; g8 ?/ o) V6 w- w2 e9 F
/* call the old routine */
3 _* t+ \$ Z4 L L( `oldhandler(); , ^1 l' _, j( q* z! F' Y
} 
( w: O6 M7 u, _- _6 K$ U Vint main(void) 3 U. j" l2 d* J/ Y
{
6 e, q5 u4 h# d; b/* save the old interrupt vector */ 8 C; v# i9 p8 x+ B+ D7 U4 W
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 2 k2 Q8 i' u! q$ W# E1 z( K
/* install the new interrupt handler */
: @ e. [2 s) jsetvect(INTR, handler); " i1 _7 D4 o4 g' v. d3 C
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
1 c% @5 I; {& k# _. y/ v- Xwhile (count < 20)
! a2 x% h5 ^. W" h& L3 q5 M8 ^printf("count is %d\n",count); 
) C& q; P) ?( ?9 m, |7 I' m/* reset the old interrupt handler */
1 `4 ]8 w( I; l0 Csetvect(INTR, oldhandler); , ]# q j, G- G: Q9 |; G+ D
return 0; % v& j$ V. W1 a; m5 p! r3 A
}
8 X, W; Y" M* B" _8 F0 Q
" X/ e7 M8 D, n; k! E- K- b* W) {" X# y% $ K, Z v
函数名: setverify 
$ i- S, N5 Z ~# Z1 k功能: 设置验证状态 ; C ` `1 v3 d5 K; Q
用法: void setverify(int value); 8 C5 s) `1 ^2 J! o x5 \$ G; B
程序例: ) P7 E3 t7 R8 V! H* j2 c
#include <STDIO.H>( X& ^9 N( M& r! _6 E9 a! A
#include <CONIO.H> \; T( y2 _* T' S) {
#include <DOS.H>
7 p7 W- N6 b$ _2 L cint main(void)
" x1 i) x7 e9 S- Y! Z{
' ]. V$ H) C7 A8 n t% rint verify_flag; : N q- H3 G- D8 ]7 Y& [
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
% l, N+ t# o/ w; jprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 0 K, }5 y5 S- {9 D
verify_flag = getch() - 0; 
0 B0 ?, @# X9 b3 a1 zsetverify(verify_flag); 
" P9 Z/ {: V% H8 s* ^0 X/ sif (getverify()) 5 $ v$ q5 r, @4 C
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
$ g5 r' J. f5 f3 ~* aelse * P, l; Q$ S' `) e$ |
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
- ^, [! E7 w3 A, }2 X; N, yreturn 0; ; {( ]( M/ @. W8 m: N) Z& S2 s
} & R2 Y3 ]9 e4 D* M6 K) \+ } a6 I
, y. \7 m; B* T; f5 C* I
8 Y1 ~* R5 x% ~$ ?# S/ p4 m3 J
函数名: setviewport 
$ H5 c+ u. q6 M: G! b5 U功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 # Z9 \: w) U- [' V' X) n: o
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
$ P2 g! s: \( \( r$ u( }0 f8 Lint bottom, int clipflag); 4 c6 W1 z9 ?3 y# J0 K' D
程序例: 
! f- j6 R) s, M! r9 V% X( R#include <GRAPHICS.H>
5 D# A! T7 P2 m0 V: L6 i#include <STDLIB.H>
6 G/ Z, G2 o6 f8 u" K) A# C4 y#include <STDIO.H>$ W( o, h4 u9 d- K* q8 R4 [
#include <CONIO.H>
9 m( i! M( P/ n4 Y# v#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
% M% k8 g7 R( H Tint main(void) $ p; ]1 B: I5 I! G) W
{ ) y' I8 c5 }" ?. m' `
/* request auto detection */ 1 V" w7 L6 v$ F
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
5 y# c: X0 a: c( e( O; F2 b/* initialize graphics and local variables */
) U- T0 e4 k6 O) J* R6 ~) l. winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 F8 a* v4 p5 t* Z/* read result of initialization */ % p' A# z! \! ~* u8 o
errorcode = graphresult();
: i4 ^$ K7 V& C, `6 T( S# @0 H7 o" m' zif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ " f, d7 p- g6 y4 t
{
+ N+ d; Q7 f, ^/ t" aprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 5 x) c! V4 C& C- `7 A# J
printf("Press any key to halt:");
" O. t# j+ n$ g/ q: b0 [! Cgetch(); % g2 g# M- y- ^
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
" z. C6 S; c, U3 D} 
- S" W4 X! A# msetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
( m& @7 j9 ~2 e( Q( ?) k$ j: l/* message in default full-screen viewport */
# E5 R% E! ^3 a5 E" zouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
" I# f8 D; M7 f ?4 K/* create a smaller viewport */
; ~* i ^) c2 g- J$ u( \, tsetviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 4 }9 S' V0 G/ q5 N, v# q+ u4 n
/* display some text */
3 p2 P, J4 H3 x( K; C! L$ houttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 0 o/ [" S" [; q+ o
/* clean up */
6 [ e' p' w+ X- U+ f2 X! k' U* Tgetch();
2 m/ g# ]: _1 I2 ~1 Fclosegraph();
; A) h9 p- \" |' ?4 u' c1 H7 \return 0; ) s: v" c4 I" \' u2 C5 V% w
} + s0 O: a. A2 k( W p8 ^

: N+ g9 S9 t+ ]
" U. o6 f( E0 [" l0 b: n+ o函数名: setvisualpage 
4 j4 i, |2 S* [9 P功能: 设置可见图形页号
0 x9 T" U" @8 n% e$ `0 d用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
程序例: " Q8 L% Q: M- w- g& `
#include <GRAPHICS.H> y8 {* n9 n- P! A* W/ N& N
#include <STDLIB.H> ]1 \6 ?9 x% k- ^& `+ [3 j
#include <STDIO.H>: b1 M/ P1 B$ A
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void) ' a) d0 u' g5 m* `
{
0 @7 D G# p8 J+ M$ o/* select a driver and mode that supports */ 8 p7 ^# a$ @# x8 Z- p
/* multiple pages. */ 3 Z# ?3 L1 e7 O$ }
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; 5 S9 u" S7 j3 \+ K0 M
int x, y, ht; ( ]( k8 [4 n f9 F
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
/ g; c3 b/ z, b( m( P" [% u! J; kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
8 i) [5 e! c) O: ?0 S/* read result of initialization */
3 Y, Y- i$ h5 [; c- Y' l; {errorcode = graphresult(); ( s) t# `+ s: t' p k, u! a7 @
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 n) U9 B/ t7 Z' `- p8 m
{ 3 }. d; r. ?) m; N& R7 [7 P2 I
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ( R4 z0 j+ u, {: {: J# t8 {
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ) c$ u8 W1 ]; t* p
getch(); $ H4 _7 u" B8 `# T+ _5 j
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! u! b+ ~$ J1 P3 `0 T. {} 
4 y( D4 M$ t1 P$ mx = getmaxx() / 2;
, v+ \ ]# j3 C$ b8 L! {y = getmaxy() / 2; . I4 B* k) E$ w. k0 h# P
ht = textheight("W"); 8 g- m4 ?" Y$ t) r% h* f
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
, f9 x/ x/ _8 r$ S6 P* wsetactivepage(1); 
" ?' V; X; O- K& X6 W/* draw a line on page #1 */ ' x3 x! T% L5 a
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
2 x. m7 a; J8 S1 {/* output a message on page #1 */
# @1 I$ Y* E8 e% }( x! Isettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 8 r7 k7 D$ m% G
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
% u: w+ Z5 |/ L8 Q4 Douttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
) A; S/ b" `, C1 g# c$ J/* select drawing to page #0 */
5 z' {& Q$ B, F; n! Ksetactivepage(0); 
, ], i# n- o8 }4 m/* output a message on page #0 */
3 B, t" K4 V7 ?9 Iouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); 5 K+ }% |9 c, W& C
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); 4 q$ f( e5 j0 O2 p. X0 n
getch(); 
6 \ F$ W' k* e# |8 p% |/* select page #1 as the visible page */
( A4 n9 t7 t, a+ J* S4 m' c8 xsetvisualpage(1); / P' l; x1 m' p6 N8 q( a" A( S
/* clean up */ : o/ V. r& C& E2 z9 g9 c
getch(); 3 r8 s% m# ?2 W" D4 g" f# c
closegraph(); " e; N/ y5 Q9 r5 W9 d: M
return 0; 4 ]( L+ o1 X s
} 
$ m% x2 W6 Q1 w/ H2 C- `
# S% c9 J) c, R/ p! E- ]% M, ^* r/ I# L
函数名: setwritemode 
* W( ~5 T0 P1 z, U1 x功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式
# z, J" a7 U! d: F( Z; b2 W用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); 1 a+ ~6 C: o- ]0 K+ }
程序例: 3 ? Z$ O# g+ |4 c
#include <GRAPHICS.H>) b, e; M8 {6 S D7 C
#include <STDLIB.H>
 H. L+ H; g' h( b#include <STDIO.H>
! C1 [$ D4 u3 z$ K6 M#include <CONIO.H>
3 N: X1 o, ~. @2 q# _, N. Qint main() ; M- B' S e; A3 M
{ " G6 W: `+ J8 T# R' o
/* request auto detection */
* c' f6 n* ]8 ] w! U( E3 z3 fint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
$ S; ^: c, d9 A: y! c: m8 Nint xmax, ymax; 0 T* |6 ]) [3 X# a9 z: V, r9 `
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ $ X' [- e! r7 i0 Q9 N
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , l) M9 o& d, P% _- B* O
/* read result of initialization */
* g7 ~, O, |, W3 ~% y9 p- r8 kerrorcode = graphresult();
% }& W( q {: u: P' j; u; A6 fif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ . q7 f4 _% l) ]; C1 @3 M. Y
{
8 @4 x) n0 s% ]5 Iprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); " v; X; i6 v* v: n8 s/ m0 I
printf("Press any key to halt:");
* V7 }6 t( @( |) U$ ngetch();
" u# @7 q( E8 {) l5 A0 ]: E& Rexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
' i# [% P( Q* M; ~" M$ B& [- M; C} & k, q$ j% V! Q& }% @" c
xmax = getmaxx(); 2 x) Q& q! e- U4 o4 p J5 c
ymax = getmaxy(); 
7 Y2 h( W$ V" @6 M/* select XOR drawing mode */
1 l) r, F) D+ csetwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
, |; }4 w$ I1 s. i: W/* draw a line */ 9 p/ U& d) w, x5 n% ~5 D4 @
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
& d; c0 y! g1 O/ f2 r& Egetch(); 1 u/ f7 D. Y# Z9 v* m
/* erase the line by drawing over it */
% b/ c6 ^7 A* @0 bline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 1 t7 M1 Q% F6 s( M
getch(); , v9 x: E6 S. I
/* select overwrite drawing mode */
7 C; g6 D0 [+ @ d8 H( Lsetwritemode(COPY_PUT); 
# ]6 C1 d5 T6 M8 p/* draw a line */ " w2 F6 Y/ } |1 P
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); % S" e7 L) N O0 a
/* clean up */ ( U" ? ^. w7 H: J% x
getch();
# W* _ _3 S# t7 fclosegraph();
% B/ O# F5 j% Freturn 0;
1 d1 R: T K! W5 W* d, |} ( i3 X2 Q2 x; E; y+ G/ `: d

; j1 s+ G9 m6 o* O$ ^- C) _3 `, ?% {$ p0 |) w" E
函数名: signal
# y2 x' r% X, w& Q功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 " Q7 O8 l l) K& p# m, Y$ P+ ^+ Q
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); ( @& l/ J$ e) g! Z7 r/ i/ W
程序例: 
1 X) }& p3 X0 | ^2 q/ `6 b/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, & f: v0 d7 g; G3 D
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
 @& r- V0 V9 Kto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause , c8 s3 e$ ? D2 ^ z
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors ) j% j- o, x4 }) Q0 M
depending on which memory model is used.
$ S$ d! o% D. h8 L*/ L$ y; ^ `; W9 O8 g
#pragma inline 8 f4 a; }: J% m* M2 R: G
#include <STDIO.H>
( `0 Z7 h* f) Q% ]# C' j# f#include <SIGNAL.H>6 ]" H: `+ E6 @& e
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist) ; ^0 T" v" h/ }. Y; _
{ 9 S8 [+ }, T7 D: e
printf("Caught it!\n"); 3 F* E+ C' \; E9 T7 P
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ : S, R4 F. F/ ^- n/ K! M( [
} 
. M2 p% m( \( g2 K; jint main(void) 5 V5 |& \# {: _! c! Q% M. f. C
{ / g E: c9 V9 T; v# l! @
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
4 `6 n& r7 n6 J8 Q- N& xasm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ ' V, ?6 K" l. C
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */ ' {2 c: Q" ~9 d: m, B
asm into /* activate handler */ ) y3 }8 V" q7 E, h- ^* ~" j
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, ' D+ Z s7 {6 ?5 b( f T/ @
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' * G' M' o6 c" l+ M; ~* E( l
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */
7 A1 [" v; c+ m" l# r+ zasm dec ax /* no overflow now */ $ p8 r" }8 G* `/ o4 q+ ?- g, h
asm into /* doesn't activate */ 1 n3 J; u2 \. G' K
return 0; ) ?# i! j" }4 ^7 G$ |( x
} . n: v) j' ^# S0 D% y
& o$ [5 ]$ M- w6 v

2 F& h: T j+ T' v. Q8 W/ g" t8 P# r
函数名: sin 
; T: x( k! S$ g5 g# \% ]功能: 正弦函数 " I9 d* b) s* E2 c4 z9 V
用法: double sin(double x); ^4 y7 W. ? N" i1 L) ^( C
程序例: 
; p3 q' J' C0 W! k#include <STDIO.H>7 A) ^1 ?$ O0 ?9 I( y
#include <MATH.H>+ p% @& B1 G8 H. Z$ S
int main(void) . |2 d& h' `/ h* m# h4 R: O
{ : g/ T, U+ @# n2 _$ ?5 _
double result, x = 0.5; 8 K9 E5 `/ u) ?/ i7 J- z
result = sin(x);
" U7 j8 h9 n3 U; ~% }" tprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 1 B- L" @( e7 L: x9 A# M! \" m% r# w) s+ @
return 0; # q& @. Y& D1 ~
} 2 b/ H3 o, J' I9 ^9 o$ n0 C
+ C% a# j0 \ j! [9 i; K: _
 z! E! y1 F s: B5 P1 y
函数名: sinh 5 Z9 l# K$ T- ~# q# g5 U9 }" o: F1 K
功能: 双曲正弦函数 $ [& c. V- C; s! ]8 p
用法: double sinh(double x); : y: y- ~; \4 O+ h' R9 X( s8 Z
程序例: 
" d1 a F( ?) ?! P: r#include <STDIO.H>) ~# o1 g9 m1 n O: B
#include <MATH.H>
3 T6 V/ R+ r6 |3 {( I" pint main(void)
3 d0 U/ D' `; N2 ~8 u{ + ^2 ]# f/ i2 C; P8 c5 u& Z& o& E
double result, x = 0.5; 
4 t: f+ y {$ xresult = sinh(x); ) H% G) ~+ i$ G2 ~! C; ?& T/ N
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
1 K5 E2 f1 K4 l4 T2 v* U qreturn 0;
' m4 X7 C4 f! }. v0 e8 a0 e7 b5 U} & i/ K, a# ?, X J5 {
/ I( t6 [, W5 @8 y$ Q7 m
' i4 D8 R/ n& d7 L
9 F4 p0 u/ n- A, m L
函数名: sleep 
. s. s, X8 g7 c; e功能: 执行挂起一段时间
' A& W: I; C5 [: s6 j用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
3 @. b1 v, v/ G9 G0 n% ^程序例: ) T, ~+ V/ M* u8 d- h
#include <DOS.H>: H \$ K6 A4 k$ L
#include <STDIO.H>
+ p( H, g: d0 o9 Rint main(void)
" u- W( ~! S7 q# T0 v{
% S/ z5 Q7 \2 E z) j6 Mint i; 
& H8 X3 u5 Z& D9 yfor (i=1; i<5; i++)
( |/ m! M/ D1 b0 ]) W{ 7 F# l7 R; P$ x- V
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); # ?5 K# A/ k' S* f' |
sleep(i);
! P4 H# S k5 v) k} : ~( j3 k" Z; p9 [3 e: F
return 0;
. N6 S# ^; M {# f, ]} ! u& f2 Z% H% g, }3 `

$ x3 a1 i+ Z* E7 [2 J: d* N: ~
# i5 Y" p+ ], R
 Z8 s' }2 e z: h( d3 p; \* D# A函数名: sopen 
: e& T: W: N+ ^8 a功能: 打开一共享文件 $ l! ]- `* l( }2 |% }! u
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
3 [3 a! h" v" M: k; v3 m程序例: 
% [- U. Z/ o8 O#include <IO.H>
1 A( Q3 f1 i. N, U#include <FCNTL.H>
5 V9 _2 [* s) N0 W2 C0 |+ O+ U#include <SYS\STAT.H>
! s9 m$ x/ A3 y7 _$ n4 K! `#include <PROCESS.H>, n# U! g8 \4 v! q Q5 W1 I
#include <SHARE.H>
8 F2 O0 X" e, n' n# v#include <STDIO.H>
$ j: `4 q& ]; h0 r+ [int main(void) 0 {) I. D; C- Y- Z
{ # v+ u& y9 R6 O8 H% {: K0 r
int handle;
7 s/ K- O, N* \6 G/ ^) ~( C! q/ Aint status; 
/ B) o, D8 b8 _9 o$ v3 mhandle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); - ?; {, W5 q- Z7 ]+ Y+ M5 A
if (!handle) # J ~3 N, e3 r# z
{
0 S/ |4 F% z/ Eprintf("sopen failed\n"); 6 \, h/ I$ Q" S+ l0 e4 E
exit(1);
0 t, `' R3 v) B& o( {. d8 P; w} 8 ~2 n- w7 c0 x: L/ i
status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6); : J0 f1 w/ J& x' Y( |" B' ]$ d0 p5 b
if (status == 0) 8 u7 t5 g2 t) c) T, h$ v5 E: T
printf("read/write access allowed\n"); - e$ v" j8 {% F! w. l7 [+ G. C$ `$ w
else 3 _& ]4 X! M9 k4 f& k, i) C+ n
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); : i! l0 p* \ _& O) a6 t2 O
close(handle); ( k4 G6 z8 z; L5 d: f6 M
return 0;
" F; ^1 @6 V5 ?; N}
6 V5 G; S% B) P0 ^% {" |: x! |+ Z* j% Z% [) r: Q

 f0 Y. d6 K) V% o$ f' ^- [# I
% A: [0 g1 g3 W( @7 U& I; m: u, t( r函数名: sound 
8 M+ {. ~% _, H功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 r( s( o) G4 m) T
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
! u F+ U. @- |: i* S% F程序例: 
$ U8 Z* J. A3 c) q8 t. p/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
8 u, {8 D, D0 C0 j) C2 CYour PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ ( [! Z) J% j% L
#include <DOS.H>, H. h8 H9 H ]
int main(void)
5 M# v0 @, G/ M" L{ . s7 C Y- p$ J9 Q1 w5 h- L" Y
sound(7);
* | Z0 C( O! @2 [9 c; l3 L3 H& udelay(10000);
& t) P; i" e7 }. h% Xnosound();
 L0 ^( J( H% K( L0 f( h( _return 0;
6 }( D9 }/ X* E& m5 f+ i0 V} 
: [; V5 p2 }* ^/ c' [, Z! l8 B5 |, ^+ T7 \7 |2 V" ?4 n3 T2 z

1 V; T$ M" D, v2 p5 A. ]0 b/ i3 i1 M' e% @; l) X5 d. Y- b
函数名: spawnl % m) S2 V' D, L& k( }/ L
功能: 创建并运行子程序 1 i; Q. a+ V" ] C: u, Z3 @8 t8 y" w
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
 L" H- j' c+ ?0 {) harg1, ... argn, NULL); 3 ^6 t5 M6 ?. T* n/ N0 O: E4 P' O
程序例: 
- k* Y( K! d0 E#include <PROCESS.H>/ ^! D1 X8 j7 S* ]* @5 `* j& g
#include <STDIO.H>
* x3 T# Z4 p0 r9 s% p% B) y: R#include <CONIO.H>% Q; ]' d" L& r+ K* K* I: F
int main(void) ) ]* \9 r" U; T+ j2 F
{ & `: h7 J9 l4 b) $ I2 e
int result; 8 m1 U+ R7 v" W5 c
clrscr();
$ h' i0 z3 p0 b9 Y$ D/ Kresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); # X; v7 X% ~ g7 p
if (result == -1) + F1 f; R# C5 k& t7 q
{
* s* H( ^( z. dperror("Error from spawnl");
5 r- i7 A. m- ~exit(1);
}
6 k# X0 R. c5 n* ~) j% U7 Creturn 0;
9 s- \, `0 G# S. c: h$ N/ |} ; ^. N# H0 _$ K- E3 w
. ^# c9 H2 ]% F2 o5 i2 V/ A( e
2 ]9 ^9 o% C: j l. R2 J8 Q
函数名: spawnle ! s* G5 B( s/ m: c/ F
功能: 创建并运行子程序
4 ]# _2 i( {+ {4 S: r8 W1 T用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 1 v& M x* H; |- k# X
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
( K% p; x4 y+ ?1 y程序例: 
4 f* l% g, K$ [7 H: f9 N. P3 A4 d/* spawnle() example */ y/ C$ ^% \2 O1 $ i+ r D
#include <PROCESS.H>
' s* [; G0 d, h7 L#include <STDIO.H>
7 ~0 C' @7 f$ ~. b6 r#include <CONIO.H>) ?4 S, n, ?: [0 E9 a9 z7 n
int main(void) H7 v. Z) a! Y, J/ g
{
2 D9 H2 K% Z2 Nint result; . w" d ]! w: C9 S, ], M8 p0 `+ a
clrscr();
& W% z. c4 ?# ~3 L% n. oresult = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); ; ?7 ?) X# w: N. X0 K
if (result == -1) - L0 v6 U. q# C
{ ' s- m0 j$ @: z+ [+ L" v3 J& e
perror("Error from spawnle"); + D% R( }+ ]# I* U) Y
exit(1);
# S. z& F, X- _6 a$ W}
3 H) f/ k! ~* u, d) W& A2 ereturn 0;
3 v, m6 Z: U _* Y, c; W ^}
: [' q' t1 C9 j5 E2 v, V& k
5 P! n0 q i6 c6 ?8 S1 ^( z8 K2 y) d2 f! [7 Z$ f; f) P

! u8 ]* ]0 R" d! N8 w1 n函数名: sprintf 0 O: L% o! l( D7 e/ b
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中
/ A# b+ v9 h2 i用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); & O+ _+ b6 Q. {$ i: S$ N! p+ U
程序例: ' ^, B$ m. c) O3 w0 Z
#include <STDIO.H>
0 N/ O* z# n% ]7 [$ P* S" n* X#include <MATH.H> v# E5 {3 S, U& [' b: T. g
int main(void)
/ M0 p. \2 n+ l{ 0 p, A \8 b' `* R1 B" i0 G
char buffer[80]; & q6 S; p/ o% m* Z3 C$ g
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI); ( ]; r+ `) E3 U9 n8 Q0 m" z8 Z5 u' Y* T
puts(buffer);
, v! M4 z3 D# V3 f7 q# Creturn 0;
6 p7 E; N( o7 c6 B) C3 H} 4 L( P/ J5 J9 F+ L
: H$ ], _7 L' P
. F1 h: w' J& C& o; m' E# N
函数名: sqrt ! Q! ^% ]' M$ Z, e: A7 o
功能: 计算平方根
+ u6 b2 q& k2 p7 L- c/ T用法: double sqrt(double x); 6 c' J4 I w" R' M" j7 R
程序例: ( g0 ~2 }8 W# I
#include <MATH.H>/ B1 ~% W4 g0 M$ i T2 Y' W. e
#include <STDIO.H>
2 D% q' s3 k/ iint main(void)
. ?8 V" _6 K# t9 ]{
1 n* Y8 _$ S" U# ]" rdouble x = 4.0, result; 
 g; T" [$ J9 O! c7 cresult = sqrt(x);
+ A5 e7 P" \# z, _' ]% ?printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 8 f) W5 s" I( e: V% W
return 0; . x9 F$ u8 ~& W% N$ a% R1 D+ m3 W
} ! B q1 j1 ]- j7 `9 Z* t/ d
! z5 o& M9 Q3 O% B5 d ~5 F- C
函数名: srand 
- G7 p! C5 e1 n, m. X8 u功能: 初始化随机数发生器
' ?, |" T$ r' L8 Q( Q0 v5 `1 w用法: void srand(unsigned seed); 6 ~0 X6 H( c# E
程序例: & w7 u6 A3 C7 R
#include <STDLIB.H>5 G' |, R) p3 W
#include <STDIO.H>' l7 E1 H1 N/ q8 H
#include <TIME.H>
5 C; y! Q' I C; r: C% E8 Mint main(void)
# a! P d4 M1 b8 _( S{
% f- Z: t8 i. Eint i;
+ M$ ]6 m: h r: ?8 Utime_t t; 
: D2 o- Y% `; M4 _1 `3 hsrand((unsigned) time(&t)); : [$ l# R: @* p8 W6 H1 F
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); # Y% o+ r3 Q9 u) }2 a
for(i=0; i<10; i++) + ~) V1 r7 e5 Y
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); / n* K* u: ? {* Y1 ^" j( t; ~8 e
return 0;
 G/ r$ \; E4 M0 m. j/ ]- w7 h}
) {1 `" Z% R4 n; j
$ T, y8 C; H; G5 [8 ~* `
% X# k* [% v4 t2 F' |函数名: sscanf 
5 G9 r1 T! j# `' y( @) p& N4 e- J功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
- F9 S! l8 R/ j) w用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); ' O$ | d. O9 D+ p2 S
程序例: 
# S5 S. u J4 [9 u$ \#include <STDIO.H>
, p2 }( S0 p6 R1 s' ~0 i& e# N5 B#include <CONIO.H>
2 u: |( M; N+ H2 }% ]- G; T1 iint main(void) + @+ R; C! e9 ?% L+ z
{ * C0 h% q( x# t
char label[20];
% O x) C+ D: p2 {8 ?& N8 Hchar name[20]; ) n) }2 x. t: H; s% m
int entries = 0;
, I2 `8 U) L/ Z" w" s5 oint loop, age;
" o |8 R" Q5 H" W2 r: sdouble salary; 
3 y. |1 `$ T1 f2 C" y2 _struct Entry_struct - f6 h8 z, d: r2 ~5 R
{ l X" ~# |" K# E$ ?# ~0 Z
char name[20]; - V# m( [0 ~7 K7 s* L
int age;
8 @" w- c6 O2 u9 a" ^float salary; 1 i2 L$ U3 h4 ]- G6 u5 E
} entry[20]; 
0 ^+ U' g- t% l( p! h/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
( ^+ Q- w- \9 }1 z* hprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); 1 H0 c" Z* J$ M1 S& L
scanf("%20s", label);
0 h9 h$ f/ Q3 Z# E! A* L8 cfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ; W! @8 \4 Z8 m1 w9 {) h
/* Input number of entries as an integer */ ; E+ w' ] c) P: R$ s% s% W! k
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); 9 J. h P2 a o2 h
scanf("%d", &entries);
1 s6 Q) Y# B1 @" {7 A+ x! f. Lfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
" m6 }+ [! {# w! Q6 _% s( `$ q3 Z/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
! _# ^+ K0 w0 K0 lfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
4 z2 b8 ^/ o! [. `- P- ?printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
, v1 P) a2 p) x9 S' t' b; Xprintf(" Name : ");
& j' ?+ g9 G9 J2 u: k& o+ Q3 pscanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
# Q# i* w, U# r. B# ?fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
4 H1 G3 t' S, q2 V2 @2 G+ K! \/* input an age as an integer */ " ~8 Y g) f6 H4 F1 H, K7 j
printf(" Age : "); . Z' ^$ F, c: e4 e C3 N
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); ) m, J1 e) j. I* S; v: w; c
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 6 [7 u8 Y/ ] @6 }
/* input a salary as a float */ 3 K. E# n% f6 \) D2 {' B, V
printf(" Salary : ");
! ~; A, L; Y) K: Wscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
( ]7 ?% r* M3 B2 mfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ; }4 K( y; T# k
} 4 ~/ M* Z, U+ h& v
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
/ R* V" Z. l/ `# ]8 i% v7 oprintf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
3 ^" o& i2 U! F+ J3 `. o# x+ N& Q8 Uscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
4 {) z7 ]' c* {, s0 U: x4 A# P( A( {9 t+ S W0 E+ z' r
/* Print out the data that was input */ & w) ~8 V$ d& Q$ `
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
( K0 m+ n h. D+ k$ Gprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
+ b t4 x% X- T* }, y( mprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); ' m- f$ ]. w& v2 `" _: Z
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) # z) u7 l: I* w: t3 m
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
# L% w7 ]- m2 P5 T3 j5 Gloop + 1, - @& o7 e8 ^" d3 A/ Y1 Z0 ?
entry[loop].name,
$ u# v" E3 }3 G% K. D8 Hentry[loop].age, 1 q! U& j3 [/ R; O5 c% O
entry[loop].salary);
( O* F. X; @' V% q/ K% M% @printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
- H4 q# z, v* l& `return 0; ' U- l% R6 p( Z7 p: @+ K1 R3 Y5 ~
} ! z3 `5 o" J: o6 `; ~
/ c! n% y! X. `4 O/ _+ ?0 T* S

( d8 T+ Y- I# u, A6 g: F# d% s函数名: stat 2 `6 Q2 E8 X# b8 T( a8 o5 z
功能: 读取打开文件信息 0 u! ] L- C1 E2 o
用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); ; P6 c! F3 I2 t
程序例: ) P, M( Y) V1 I$ x9 w
#include <SYS\STAT.H>, e3 n' Z( o, K9 S) C" u
#include <STDIO.H>
4 h8 t; d7 f: d! m% k+ V. W; r#include <TIME.H>
4 `$ y" A" `- n) T#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 
. ^6 v% Z/ j# |! y" ?2 P) Qint main(void) ; t# K6 k2 Q! L; R% v- b; w
{
' h" @& U* D Y& bstruct stat statbuf;
FILE *stream; 
8 x. a: G2 f. [/ h* \6 Q" C# }6 N! v/* open a file for update */ . v. ~1 B& B; s% f% h6 h6 w1 Q
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) / r& d5 d+ S7 w5 t s! l/ u" S# ~
{
; N! s8 f) w1 B6 J3 H0 Yfprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); # q0 A& t7 Z2 d8 i# A; H' c; F! [
return(1);
: f0 ^% k& p" o! u- j} / w% Y/ z0 I) }5 ], o; T
/* get information about the file */
( \! B5 |' ~6 y( v( Fstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 
$ a2 h' K0 ^% f: F3 X: o& x, H$ wfclose(stream); 
7 |1 O8 N' ]: F8 \ E/* display the information returned */ $ Q7 K1 Z/ T; ]! J2 s
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
7 n# E6 S9 {& a1 M3 g6 iprintf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); ) O8 L4 B0 t- d' N
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
8 v0 @2 {7 V$ Dprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); : ~' b$ e' q# P; X. L
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) * J$ {: Y: \/ W0 [$ T- U
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
' w/ F' F% U2 ~& Xif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) % ?( J, d' {: L6 l- y H
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); # L" H6 B6 x O0 e) ?
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); ' g: F2 J, B# E# R s
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
3 o1 t' J: W* Z i, K8 Hprintf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
 k' }6 Q4 c# o |return 0;
; `* s7 z2 d' X4 t! b} 4 J* z& z/ G! |

$ k, o3 X1 u* P" S/ L3 ?$ i7 q8 n+ O% {/ L5 d0 B

. t% G ?* D6 j函数名: _status87 
 l) t* o6 K* M. T3 p功能: 取浮点状态
/ S8 f& P, v9 ~* ^, w" `7 o用法: unsigned int _status87(void); 0 @4 d' B3 g7 D1 X! w3 _' K* ?/ j
程序例: 2 x; k7 q9 h) }$ N$ [" s# t' p/ p+ d
#include <STDIO.H>& s- y" x9 S2 e, n3 T) w
#include <FLOAT.H>
8 u$ v6 U5 j @/ h2 Jint main(void) 9 F- e/ e K) A: P$ P/ ]
{ I8 e _" p' k; ]5 Y
float x; ; S1 k, T6 o. o b
double y = 1.5e-100; : F$ C5 O+ J% y" ?
printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 
% ^) l/ V! y' c- c7 ?! ]/ hx = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
. t0 a+ Y' F% F, My = x; 
: |+ }! L. o7 C+ m* j2 s( pprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); # ~+ a2 D* g- b+ ] _
return 0; M& W! N6 {- b: P& x
}
+ K) N+ r0 e, V* ?/ S% s+ Z% M0 I/ d
" F6 z8 \7 C! S: V) ?, u) n1 t0 V( @% |5 i
函数名: stime * u* f; J' k4 E1 p) K
功能: 设置时间 % \+ d8 L% e0 q0 u
用法: int stime(long *tp); / z3 ?# p7 m; N4 [+ R
程序例: 2 ?- F! F( ?2 ~
#include <STDIO.H>
( e; A7 ?- R9 R" y# U#include <TIME.H>
# k# B8 }; s! O: n r8 F5 Z h#include <DOS.H>9 X& Y3 _; R% k8 D
int main(void)
! U+ W- g, d/ V% g+ J# @( v{ " _$ q+ |, V8 i- L7 C# [' n2 w
time_t t;
5 Q: k: K$ F# tstruct tm *area; 
1 Z* T# ^: l. i( c' j* St = time(NULL); * n7 Z7 A3 y, f! ^! h
area = localtime(&t); 1 e, _7 c% h* O8 {. V/ r1 H
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
2 ~ \- ?$ q6 \7 }' T' _! S5 qprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
9 I% H A7 C+ `( U& P( ?5 `t++; 5 c( h5 s6 P& t6 I3 x! P. ^
area = localtime(&t); 7 O! b) |5 V' \2 v: ~
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 7 c/ P B$ H. N
t += 60;
: @/ m5 ^( u, O( ]( M5 N6 t7 w+ Karea = localtime(&t);
7 \) K; [: Q2 G4 b4 yprintf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
! c( _% w- P2 ^5 o7 C0 ^2 Yt += 3600; 2 H; _! D9 U3 V( g ]3 N
area = localtime(&t); 5 @6 p% }8 I3 T4 w! Q$ |# q: u4 i
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
& W3 F: g/ A2 ~$ e. K5 St += 86400L; 1 S8 B i3 g7 e7 r+ x
area = localtime(&t);
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); % o+ y, l( P) _0 \' f) G) D
t += 2592000L;
7 J4 S3 Q& k& f* z7 q9 p+ Darea = localtime(&t); + q& Y. k1 w8 W3 ~0 f) ~3 ^. C
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); ) p/ i1 H8 e5 D" B# T0 K1 W" g
t += 31536000L;
( ?5 K& j& j' u) ]- z- r& rarea = localtime(&t);
4 y# v# ^. a3 Y( ?% ]! O, `; qprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); ; h7 N# r) Z3 P& T7 \1 t1 k2 W
return 0;
* @4 l' e* V' B; \) V} 6 Z7 y3 v3 Y' t( h

9 g7 a# Y o2 y5 {7 I% H5 \* |, j
! T' ?! Y2 J z9 x8 P7 q% X% |
函数名: stpcpy 
2 f/ L( z, c& n/ f功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
4 E/ r9 v+ z& r T8 h用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
: u9 t' @) v* r( d程序例: 3 ^8 q1 V& O; N! ?4 i' \9 q" R
#include <STDIO.H>( i; g; x; D& J# [3 G: j' i8 u& f
#include <STRING.H>* q& ?# k; l9 | n, d4 V% Y
int main(void)
+ K3 g* `- p/ Z% O' w. U{
* C: i* T4 P% e9 y. x( M# ^char string[10]; - w; M3 y% D) v6 x# z9 g- j g7 `
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
# [3 m. |+ ~! K- f' B5 I9 Kstpcpy(string, str1);
, ] [. E' M; L9 D/ N5 sprintf("%s\n", string);
4 r! c$ Z1 z7 Z: p' Q$ yreturn 0;
( y( l" m. \, s; m4 \1 x}
, t+ R& \) c& e1 l* l! m- ]& R( N; C& N; I, ?2 b

! c9 u( O1 h# ?, i8 F5 U$ u# H' h$ N! ^) g4 q
函数名: strcat , O2 L, I% T+ o( ] Q; Q
功能: 字符串拼接函数
& E2 y. x) g) l: w8 ?6 i用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
' ^: m4 }( J' J2 G6 D. n/ o9 _5 V程序例: 
. D, u) X; k* m: k6 x#include <STRING.H>
6 V; o% D) G# g) ^#include <STDIO.H>+ _- L E. S/ x7 J# K
int main(void) 1 f3 _8 ?$ q. R0 D
{ ! y' U' X$ c) x- n7 V
char destination[25]; ) p, P+ s) {' l. K
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; ( @) c4 ~( M3 O/ `
strcpy(destination, Borland);
* R' K1 J0 r7 Q% bstrcat(destination, blank); % G4 i) ^, l/ _. G! h0 D
strcat(destination, c); ! ~5 P+ p# M$ i& b/ f, k: M8 q; F
printf("%s\n", destination);
& t0 { T% \/ O6 i/ ireturn 0; 5 W7 r; T+ ]$ k1 U$ k3 y6 i
}
+ C4 T2 ~' Y* o) P( c
, J! A5 ~( h! S9 H3 J- _; y
7 Z! j1 \# V8 L$ W$ B# S" t, Q, t8 f5 s; H# Z' l
函数名: strchr " I5 | U* C e8 V% g+ X
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ 9 s1 N! ~- z8 j" t- g
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); 5 U6 [0 x5 Q2 C+ \4 Z8 T
程序例: 8 O- {% M% d7 s! Z. J1 i( W
#include <STRING.H>6 h+ p4 }( [/ i5 Z( X8 I2 L; m
#include <STDIO.H>5 D+ o# _0 A/ f
int main(void) ; a% r/ D* l: I4 A
{
, K* z: c% I- x$ F" P: h; xchar string[15]; " h) l% ?' R5 T3 v
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 3 i& A W/ ~. T, w
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); - C0 g5 k8 A; ] U& @
ptr = strchr(string, c); / d" b! |, T- e
if (ptr)
9 I- ]* d. B( k# x5 oprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
; j* A1 u! ?/ J3 x" T" h1 telse
! R+ H, G; |' ]: z/ Rprintf("The character was not found\n");
# z) u3 w* Z5 [( |$ q; ureturn 0; + @0 c3 q* s& j
}
% G) v9 J& k8 I$ K5 K8 o: e) S4 E# d9 X& x b2 I, c
- [& _% N2 n" ]0 }" q9 X- \1 l& W

1 i+ c- r( W& S4 W函数名: strcmp . ^3 n5 D5 k0 F) H$ \% K8 G+ O3 ?( [. x( ]% r
功能: 串比较
; |& h7 Q1 ~6 O9 T6 @用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); , ~8 C& s7 T0 G
程序例: 
2 B+ `. f0 R2 l u: p# a#include <STRING.H>
* O: W# h' r; c#include <STDIO.H>
; W; D# h( p& n. b0 ]8 @, ~int main(void) 8 f: P2 G& o1 m ]1 Q& Y8 |
{ ) J) o7 v' ^6 y( ?; f
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; ( v# N: [& s0 G. W! A" e w$ k4 U; F0 v
int ptr; 4 J* Y+ o. S/ W. A" f9 t
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); ) G$ G$ Z2 r; r- [8 J4 x& c B% N
if (ptr > 0) " E9 T5 t1 [6 N$ e
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 0 g* F: X$ J$ B7 M
else
- s% m* d7 _+ p+ fprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
3 ?+ }! t& T' K; H- g+ a+ T* ]ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
( `- F+ `' m, L- \9 W" T; p7 o2 Xif (ptr > 0) i3 P3 j3 K$ c* m0 T, o( |! P
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
 J' E) T8 ] [7 v! helse
2 ]& y; W' _- s+ A% `printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); " v% F! `5 A5 v9 g3 g5 U: o7 t
return 0; ! o2 |6 z7 s& J' S& M5 m) S
} ! @: b0 V6 F/ V( ?# P
* Z# q0 o+ f9 d' ^

. b$ D" ~* i: v1 k- {( v; l) U+ `- O) v* R) \2 N2 y
函数名: strncmpi 
" U5 q0 P! b) [! w. `1 S功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 * O* {0 [ D7 H4 |" V8 F
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); $ \- Y3 H. h4 ?0 Z) q; J) g, t
程序例: $ O( k9 Y! N' Z
#include <STRING.H>. C% b% d) ^% x# w! z: |9 V" J
#include <STDIO.H>
; M9 N4 u7 v8 k+ s$ q' }- P9 `int main(void) & y! S0 _) N5 a! F D3 ^
{ 2 S' m1 v `3 r: L. e' } \
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
! j5 o6 }' \& Z$ m Hint ptr; 
: q! d% a8 i+ v6 T! M; \0 D3 optr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ( B/ K4 o8 R" X6 R; _6 g4 _7 L
if (ptr > 0) 2 Y5 ?) t4 y3 M0 \
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
- B1 ?- t0 V) N' J* @if (ptr < 0)
& N$ Z$ h( A7 f% m/ S) _: Aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); " M! ?' S5 C" o* \3 Z
if (ptr == 0) . b/ B% h, t2 G3 j; R4 y" K
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
9 S0 a% m0 U, z" J5 m7 ireturn 0;
0 { k3 I3 [$ d7 J}
+ d+ Y6 l. K# n s- k/ `& i4 i$ V( {1 Q, s! U

1 i: }0 A. Q4 Z- _9 B0 S& H( t2 C- U
$ @, N5 D+ F; G) I9 A$ L函数名: strcpy ' c( t7 V4 _$ a+ @: |; ] n+ ?
功能: 串拷贝 , K$ N( W) H; G8 r& E
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); 5 l; p3 r1 _3 I0 m9 n" Q
程序例: 0 N) h8 l9 ^5 D% ]7 A/ B
#include <STDIO.H>9 t1 ~& I3 X* C/ `' i, k
#include <STRING.H>- v6 \( e u5 e
int main(void) $ p0 y( @3 _" t
{ / {- p) [' P8 [1 `0 Z" S, \
char string[10]; 1 s8 j: r7 g V2 k4 T8 P
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
& m) P1 J: T- z6 w5 B; Gstrcpy(string, str1);
! K: {; w# P3 F* oprintf("%s\n", string);
9 S7 [* a5 Q, {return 0; $ P8 k5 g. d8 m8 b4 i
}
8 {* q& [. ]/ A) ^; K, ~' M
* ^! }3 _, w h5 y' |
; s$ h( n# ~" w. K5 i7 E$ g: w, [! t/ ^* N
函数名: strcspn ( k9 j# G1 F" V4 Y+ d
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 2 U1 P6 z* h& \2 W
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
/ o5 ^) o! c4 [* d程序例: ! S! w+ M8 s/ Y' a0 Y
#include <STDIO.H>& Z. n B$ s+ T5 [8 k" V$ }4 S
#include <STRING.H>1 f+ K8 o& V U; R9 J. h
#include <ALLOC.H>
# t+ p' G1 ^. e1 E4 y5 hint main(void) ( O+ G: j5 i% n0 Z# e1 G! l7 K
{
# j3 h5 ~8 X) d3 Mchar *string1 = "1234567890";
% [* B0 c8 O5 f, w& K7 Ychar *string2 = "747DC8";
# i; V0 Q- ?+ S( ~int length; 
 \: \; v- |7 e6 U8 f8 klength = strcspn(string1, string2); % P* Y! H4 o+ j1 Y! e( o
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
0 |& U7 Q: b4 N/ f+ K% Dreturn 0; ; P+ h {5 \& B' _) |) `, l
}
: ]; ~% r1 ~+ n% n/ i" a) o) z" O0 M; C) l( b) z+ ~
) e7 J0 W# ^- P- Y% a, o: K. Z2 e

, R) S3 P: h3 h) Q' s函数名: strdup / L; _5 O; {5 j8 M- k5 Q( Z2 m0 x! n8 _
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
3 c" E" J' L4 Y& `4 s$ l, m# H4 v用法: char *strdup(char *str); " `! f* N, Z' O: C [6 `
程序例: 5 K! R2 ~+ H8 e3 F5 l$ D. C
#include <STDIO.H>
0 |1 O5 ~- R- j' @+ V" j#include <STRING.H>0 L4 Z/ W0 S) O3 O8 {
#include <ALLOC.H>3 V, `4 \$ B! U5 i3 B+ E5 p+ M
int main(void)
9 C: y4 ~% Q4 c) K- ]{ 1 Z: l4 F9 P1 T" K- `- E+ [* D
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; * ]5 ?; h8 E0 ~/ t+ v' |6 `. p d7 O; f
dup_str = strdup(string); 1 m6 p# o$ p+ d5 F
printf("%s\n", dup_str);
% X- K5 F9 `, s5 efree(dup_str); 
# y- r h* A! Y4 b% U" f: dreturn 0;
& {% y# k6 C* ^0 B4 o( y}
 r7 a, k# Z) p: J) d& U5 M# x+ n: u/ R0 T: N
8 u$ u# d, r+ Q# ?

8 |; q; x" J( }- g7 L函数名: stricmp 
- N. U5 {" c# O6 `' u) e2 C0 ~功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
" |' e; I& c* _' {用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); 6 I F. ?2 t' D4 `* H
程序例: 6 }1 I. E8 Y" |2 _4 ~
#include <STRING.H>( B5 K- ^1 Z% B) X' G
#include <STDIO.H>" [' y1 S7 ?0 F6 I
int main(void) ( T1 d( d v* c/ P. U
{
# R) @' \$ J! {char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; ( x, l' y: F9 X9 R! @
int ptr; 8 N8 Y0 Y9 k8 l5 W6 b% p
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); ; |/ H! V' ~+ Z u' ?
if (ptr > 0) % u$ |) @: k- e' U/ e
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); : O' _# v m; d3 f
if (ptr < 0)
) s4 H% }$ f& ?. Z& P4 {! ^" _printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
3 j' u3 `* T4 Bif (ptr == 0)
0 d+ Q; v# H: }% Tprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 3 h- w6 z. f, r
return 0;
 X( h) m7 s& N% a5 M- Z/ @} 0 `5 L) h! S/ y% S4 w3 m
# T; P" w, d% k. O
, q) Y! q$ }* X5 [8 j* U& B
函数名: strerror 5 x9 W& ~5 m& c0 Q' t
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 ; b6 T6 A, z$ o8 i- Y
用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
+ l) \) W2 `- M2 @! r' S; c% z程序例: ! g$ u8 X+ K# n2 ]6 M) v5 {
#include <STDIO.H>
) u* @ K, b: l#include <ERRNO.H>
$ z* T: ?: z. P5 C. dint main(void) + x3 z& T! f- x( x% O/ `
{ & l G" @+ F" V" v6 u$ l0 v0 N" A# E
char *buffer;
6 u5 z+ N. Z- D) i& Mbuffer = strerror(errno);
! g) ?+ w& M7 a. l; e4 \+ oprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
" ?9 _* K: a7 d' t, Y' e7 i' oreturn 0;
! n) |; `2 J2 R3 J* f# a. X}
* {: Z- U5 W5 O- k* p
+ Z/ D( u2 {: U
4 M* s4 @7 m8 l% c! K* X( I) V) a8 F* m) F/ Z; o
函数名: strcmpi 
! r+ h" ]8 h5 h- F8 X: Y/ a功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 - x+ z3 J/ K8 V: Z, x
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
3 y' f i! g/ j) ?( O8 G4 E程序例: 
0 _4 w9 G" N7 u# x, X# o#include <STRING.H>7 {# I F1 }) l0 ?
#include <STDIO.H>2 B# Y* i# G1 j4 ~5 D9 @# z
int main(void) 2 {, T# {% v0 }) }/ f, f) C# @) z
{ # |4 g* T/ c) Y1 q; j& P
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
% U2 ~1 b2 l1 kint ptr; / @6 I: u* R1 w$ C/ j) o6 F
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 3 ?) o7 x6 J' H( T
if (ptr > 0) . n4 h3 s H4 ` E) e
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ) n5 G$ G0 l4 o: L
if (ptr < 0) 6 }# y2 n5 T' @" v; B
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); T4 c; l0 V8 }4 d* r& H# R
if (ptr == 0) : T. O- \$ @, h
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
5 t3 \: N+ ?# z) {! @return 0;
8 R4 S, |& E" C7 E w/ k( x. }: H}
& J, ~ }; P1 ^& A
) S" R; B" Z0 U/ y) I1 b# }
! V0 {6 M* `& ^( D& K' L( Q6 ?
' ]# p1 E9 w! `/ m0 }- X0 E6 v$ g/ f. K函数名: strncmp 7 w- c/ E) j/ \- R1 y% \; |+ p
功能: 串比较 ; J$ D; z3 g: ]. V
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
7 H2 Y% f( Z: W. h2 N4 P; m程序例: 
4 u6 P/ z% M. F. H2 t7 u5 ^#include <STRING.H>
/ Q4 j; m) w3 c" C3 L#include <STDIO.H>5 [) C& l2 G9 f% Y( e7 m
int main(void) ) N( S% h Z/ N
{
' ^$ n- t5 _% U6 i c% ]char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
8 n/ `' H0 p& @" z4 _" Oint ptr; 
0 l7 A+ b* o# c3 Dptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
if (ptr > 0) 8 X; y) Z8 t5 f! d5 Q7 V
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 0 G$ _; G* w4 Z
else
* E2 |$ s7 u/ r. vprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
" l+ H% h2 o* b* c2 G5 s& x( Dptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3); 6 K, J: j. G9 o" b6 e+ E
if (ptr > 0)
( W' u# r' j% [% M! y5 `# _printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); 5 I; d' s. I0 a7 }& F: L/ I( j
else 0 w/ V1 e8 G1 r) p) ?
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 1 y% y& l; t4 i. O
return(0);
6 s9 `4 Q- S1 u/ h7 N& r' h' i} . V F% y, m; P* i$ h4 C6 p; }2 M

9 _1 j& w! |$ u7 a# Y% t1 V H# B* p6 i/ @$ h6 I# s8 g2 U
函数名: strncmpi 4 a% n I0 l" m
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 * ` ?& c. l* X& k" Z0 y" H( @+ K
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
: F; J5 E! f! w: f1 Y( j: t程序例: 
6 D+ m2 O* s; J1 h, h6 F#include <STRING.H>8 L+ _% Y+ g7 R' g' ?" O4 b
#include <STDIO.H>
& Z2 l: {5 h" s* {$ ?0 N' [int main(void)
; D1 k- u7 k$ g6 d{ / ^) P2 A5 B. K# b: z* P" n
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
* ~5 P g- g' b: iint ptr; 
: ^1 u- @+ ]" a0 |2 eptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 9 j. t6 X$ n, a9 J+ }7 h. n
if (ptr > 0) , T! _# j' g9 z) A$ j, E. k
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); @/ A& O" ?1 E
if (ptr < 0) 4 L( S; m0 f& W' z
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
5 p" D- H' q) bif (ptr == 0)
' w$ w0 }* T; [- ^: ]4 G& bprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
. f) O9 t0 V- c xreturn 0; 
9 T; B+ l6 {+ V6 H1 o( v} / A' N* J2 _! m/ C8 H$ G
4 j8 R6 _/ A H$ J% |7 K, u$ k

4 P* Q8 Y1 U: g9 W9 p1 d函数名: strncpy 
# `" r5 I+ q( f* v功能: 串拷贝
0 H- V! l( B* d9 `- l用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
; {9 h+ y f! @1 q3 s( R9 @( E程序例: 
5 n" h" G5 z6 f# o6 f, I0 x; y4 \: @#include <STDIO.H>
; h$ J. Z; v& ]4 s2 q#include <STRING.H>9 g" z; H( s: a7 X" c3 c! g; I
int main(void) / t6 c% v2 a1 F# N! X4 `+ d9 V
{ 4 H0 B% D8 l, c1 R+ o, T$ h% f! [
char string[10];
" y+ }) J8 X9 ]% nchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; , ^0 t/ L# F: X5 a! `. u/ {
strncpy(string, str1, 3);
4 v( z# v& j: y2 ]0 D& lstring[3] = '\0'; & _/ p: h; t5 @4 U% }9 q- t
printf("%s\n", string);
# I6 P( r1 o8 f9 k2 \& Xreturn 0;
 D6 `& K! h& V* G}
" m' M" W9 V8 N* y- w6 T8 g3 }# p% L! \( s
0 W7 `8 j' N/ a; d
函数名: strnicmp 
6 G! j% I8 H8 X2 l! _3 I功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
8 G0 Z i3 s0 t/ }2 ?4 _用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
: z# J/ S/ P/ D; P* e! ~' z程序例: 
; r8 B6 R J% _; g: l#include <STRING.H>
3 W& |" L8 B# a#include <STDIO.H>
8 d* O/ }" m! q+ zint main(void) 9 Q: R. W' m1 k+ @1 N! G
{
# O% z9 ~6 i! q L" ^. G% I1 kchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 2 q) B' a1 O4 [0 K
int ptr; 9 `$ X$ A% f& F
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); % e @/ d- J6 p
if (ptr > 0) & k' I, n, B4 [" z! j, f# k
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 6 s: X/ Q9 M' K0 S B+ b
if (ptr < 0) 1 W7 J. S0 d- X B3 O' e. @' L
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 0 S# d1 j% y& z. D2 }
if (ptr == 0) ' a3 [+ W9 O* @: p
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); / S( O$ m/ g8 A0 {% t
return 0; + W Q" g9 K) \/ O- ]4 J) `
} 9 }" r" i( ?$ v4 D$ U9 j

) L/ e$ D3 n2 @7 O+ n- J1 c+ [0 V' {" b1 t L7 s; o

& f( B- \" E) ^3 @函数名: strnset 
) \- a. V4 ~ J4 f功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 ; Z7 I1 P/ r% O( B7 t
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
& Z* L: D* T5 r3 _" T7 |程序例: 
2 |$ M: T! j/ v#include <STDIO.H>
9 n7 X6 P0 u: a7 g' r6 |4 D#include <STRING.H>& Y+ t& Y9 {9 _2 r7 v6 z
int main(void)
. p+ V' d4 t" Z5 r# G% V{ - ^9 V1 W; @ v
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
1 N$ Z H8 `0 e& mchar letter = 'x'; 3 V) Q; U0 {+ t" a" E& u
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
1 E. c5 ^( H' l* u' }1 jstrnset(string, letter, 13);
3 e$ K$ q6 D ~printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 9 Z6 p h6 h4 A- @: v# `
return 0;
. n0 l8 w8 E$ R7 Q* Z% s! a}
+ n* a" c$ c- m
# D z' t# D; s2 R* J1 m Y: y6 Q! o5 k+ i
函数名: strpbrk 5 h2 R7 ]% P1 B- p6 w2 p, x5 s$ y8 }
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
$ W; D8 ]# b0 v' F& P7 W/ Z用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); 6 r7 ?4 `$ Q$ q& G* c
程序例: 7 \; I; P0 u1 O3 f4 r
#include <STDIO.H>6 |) R8 ?3 X+ x* u+ Q0 x" z
#include <STRING.H>+ U7 q+ J! y% n$ F+ K
int main(void)
2 ^3 R1 _0 D) {! F1 k: `) G{
$ K5 g) k( @( S+ J. w' d" qchar *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
; ]5 {2 I) c( v9 i ~char *string2 = "onm"; 5 W9 ]3 w' M3 H" Q1 j5 r3 U% |
char *ptr; % j; ^8 V( r+ S8 B
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 2 v* ?" ~; _% U5 U$ w2 H2 P. Z
if (ptr) : y! B+ o* N* K4 |# ^
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); 7 p4 x' m; R8 M ?% f
else
8 l* h, ?& w5 W! B' hprintf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
1 Q3 }5 c$ q5 y6 `return 0;
+ t- t8 s8 X, {& B} ( j4 t( D' p- U5 i8 A

$ V$ Q2 W4 T/ K" l2 e& s( `3 y/ F
% @# Y; a" F, Y' W+ v
: _" g L5 f8 R函数名: strrchr * x7 y7 k# A5 V
功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
+ M% |- E {# n) p用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
4 `% r, h5 S. }2 I程序例: 3 `4 P! H5 I1 @
#include <STRING.H>4 n) O) u- G5 `( y. @
#include <STDIO.H>" m2 o. O7 r7 ^# O8 C5 l# r
int main(void)
- K; Y8 H% t9 j9 z* O) v+ r1 l{
* @: c7 D. _' m( P/ g! `1 Fchar string[15];
+ q1 s! e- [/ hchar *ptr, c = 'r'; 
( R4 K5 R1 E; I) f4 vstrcpy(string, "This is a string");
( c9 j" |1 c" K; p7 }* b/ Fptr = strrchr(string, c); ) A( d% g3 @: M' i; h! `
if (ptr) $ x, B0 a3 w; _" G \# `7 K* G+ e
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
5 c8 ^6 m% a9 Z7 h& ]' Q4 j/ Gelse
8 J9 ]' ?, \0 eprintf("The character was not found\n");
* r2 E% ?- D5 d3 e% [0 T# Greturn 0; 9 x9 J1 N7 V6 f# q8 g s
} 0 F7 b, M- K! Z i3 e
0 X5 a3 v5 ~! Z7 [+ b/ }
& ]7 Y* Q( h4 D( j; a

: f1 M0 v5 Y( p% o8 k' F函数名: strrev 2 m5 z* u4 X3 w9 |! k9 l
功能: 串倒转 0 f" n! e7 E: v# f8 L5 C1 v( r# O
用法: char *strrev(char *str); 4 w$ j$ U1 g5 a/ k
程序例: / o6 b. `6 M T4 q5 @4 H
#include <STRING.H>
9 D5 a) ~. D$ U$ c- g3 Y+ V#include <STDIO.H>9 [ S: ?# w: U. [7 n
int main(void)
; Y) N j) H( `7 k) }8 W8 C{
$ p0 w9 l) k2 s. i+ G6 t3 dchar *forward = "string"; 2 D% O, m) ?" B8 |4 b
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); 7 T4 ` k4 Y4 I5 k* i: Q# ^
strrev(forward); * b) u7 e4 z% A: S- h/ K$ S
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); . l2 [# S& t4 L+ T( u' Q
return 0;
5 k9 _) D. p9 I} 
4 i8 }4 V2 A; ~* C/ S* @; {
8 J8 T$ |. G+ M4 B1 N函数名: strset Z1 x) @3 v" c: u( x
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
4 v# L- [$ |9 P* S用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); 1 T6 I/ k- g9 w
程序例: 
: K, l, j( r' J3 c7 [#include <STDIO.H>, G6 o* Z- B% |: v, Y9 v
#include <STRING.H>
4 P* a( g5 N6 `; ~) r3 V5 N2 vint main(void) 9 b( {: M/ t8 B1 l! v. Y
{
4 d! f+ n L ^3 Nchar string[10] = "123456789";
' q1 T* u5 D# |0 pchar symbol = 'c'; $ R8 q! r" [3 i
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); / K$ V# {- Y! |9 b
strset(string, symbol);
4 _5 t: C/ s0 pprintf("After strset(): %s\n", string); ! ]# ~ b4 U6 k5 C6 E
return 0; , r7 d$ K0 W* ^6 ?, `
} 7 Q9 a+ b _ I' T3 i% S4 w* o

8 ]6 L, \; I. c9 e% n9 w! A2 y
, Q6 O1 |6 A6 N/ }2 J' g/ l% w8 z7 X1 o; Y, _0 j
函数名: strspn y+ r+ p4 l2 f5 ?4 E% j( y
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
8 Z" [) r7 Z( a. z用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
- p! d1 F# V8 l8 }程序例: 2 A% H$ Q0 X3 T9 P/ C
#include <STDIO.H>
 ~( j* T$ _$ d' I+ `6 d#include <STRING.H>5 l* Y3 V# o+ E! N) y8 ^
#include <ALLOC.H>* O3 ?# a0 T9 ?
int main(void) 3 @1 }, V9 x0 N, I& _! F# i
{
) Q& c. t) o& C5 b8 f8 M1 Echar *string1 = "1234567890";
: N8 f* O+ a! j# i$ ychar *string2 = "123DC8";
* f) Z1 E2 u- F( ~2 Y7 Zint length; * D1 _* I: [7 ]) M! W
length = strspn(string1, string2); 5 x$ b- l5 p6 B4 z w7 i
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
/ e, U/ o `# K8 s5 qreturn 0; 1 e* p8 C7 |2 q1 n, |# V9 H
} 6 f1 i' }% t5 U. v& s' S( M d

/ ^( `8 R5 }4 E$ R$ s h! ~3 w- G8 M: E% P+ a: u6 P
函数名: strstr 3 Y. k' l/ H3 u
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
: s+ i3 J) k; u, a8 u7 J; q9 M用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); 4 I" n! M# i/ Z( p# O: u- ^
程序例: 
) p, w9 k5 M2 M# J& r#include <STDIO.H>. m- [+ _2 d' F$ n) I- Z
#include <STRING.H>
: b5 p d o6 A6 X, J& Sint main(void)
1 N W3 d0 ?! P{
- F! B" | D3 H7 achar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 4 ^9 m2 f9 \+ L' @* v M- ]
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
; G3 f9 b1 D1 c, kprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
. k y6 I0 I) K2 jreturn 0;
( g$ h+ b0 F. S3 H |7 u1 t0 {} 
- v4 e: ]& T* }' b6 @3 r; ?( R+ F% p% r( U$ o1 U$ N

9 l/ R: f" W3 l0 z( t2 [# H' }- c) k函数名: strtod 
/ a# \- E5 c1 o$ t9 ~. Q6 E' Y+ ^: h功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
3 Z2 q1 l) i4 W! h2 A用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); ; z/ b3 D4 x0 |+ Q4 y4 e* Y
程序例: 
* a$ {+ H$ K% n, h" W#include <STDIO.H>; {, `5 e3 m* l' ]' u' }; z
#include <STDLIB.H>% A; o! u* C9 D# P% q& S o
int main(void) 0 E! U% h9 E; n0 V3 E
{ ' g/ G/ r3 @% C
char input[80], *endptr;
) K+ D! h' ?9 C. m" c4 p$ W- Jdouble value; 6 y7 F, [4 x) G7 D- Z' O' a
printf("Enter a floating point number:");
1 D3 t# H8 y3 xgets(input);
2 L! J* J+ s8 i8 G- }! U* H# |value = strtod(input, &endptr); / t0 d3 V5 K+ y F q/ X7 p- i5 g
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); x5 M2 {6 L0 X r
return 0; 1 d1 K, G$ E; z6 Q# {. c0 m
} / Y" D+ U9 H5 [# D6 y; @# i
8 \' X" \( ]) R8 x
) O. }2 v( p" J, Q8 A

4 f$ u2 b* [- c函数名: strtok 1 U9 E- N$ c V
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
' i4 |" w' T( y; f用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
, G9 I+ [! Z3 y; N6 r程序例: 
& i1 \8 T: l* S' U' Z#include <STRING.H>* i6 p! L. v' J
#include <STDIO.H>" z7 U: j8 c" \4 {" {. \
int main(void) * x- {' x' q/ d$ U7 ]! [6 i
{
: t9 @& z1 a2 u/ xchar input[16] = "abc,d";
- ?) N3 d; H3 U1 u1 K+ f5 Vchar *p; % ~' b% x/ h* f+ Z
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
+ t1 l$ b& \4 h1 w: kin front of the token, if found */ + ~( D$ Z0 n( J- ?/ |. c/ _5 ?
p = strtok(input, ",");
, q& u+ H' B b# c0 S4 I3 aif (p) printf("%s\n", p); + m# Z9 F, L9 ~& T! x
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL K' ]- T. g7 @% L$ o% o
as the first parameter returns a pointer 8 H% U5 C8 }, N/ m" n: w0 U1 [
to the character following the token */ 0 E; Q6 U; J% `7 r' M, Q4 ?. k$ j
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
5 E* J! _" Z, E2 O$ Rif (p) printf("%s\n", p); ' I E5 e ?. k
return 0; 3 w0 _8 N$ H0 \$ q% M
}
! u4 ~2 z | E$ r
/ T1 P# K9 N) R$ P: |5 {# d
6 q5 u" y/ q; ]- r# D$ _
/ o3 X6 p- q. g- Y! `$ e; T5 Z函数名: strtol 
3 V) Q9 r7 I5 I! i, ]+ C功能: 将串转换为长整数
 s( v! N% s3 ]7 G. `用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
) [4 z5 {) U" d. j程序例: 
, F; {7 f6 Z8 S, M) l2 b5 u: `#include <STDLIB.H>
5 k9 C4 f& x% F1 V" q#include <STDIO.H>
( D+ ~, M5 _/ j7 b% z, z7 Hint main(void)
* F, V+ I! }$ w$ N' G{
+ Y8 D7 q4 _! N& mchar *string = "87654321", *endptr;
1 w" Q; w S* g7 z: L$ Xlong lnumber; & ?( i. @) s7 @7 C) E- y
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
0 G; U' x1 `+ J. O0 ]lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
2 f! \2 L5 A0 }6 H" [+ w/ oprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
4 \) Q% q% O$ |) a# \ C; P" jreturn 0; - k8 }5 q. b3 ]+ s
} 
, i) K; C/ U5 ?4 a: Z( y; E
0 E5 i6 \6 ~& ~! h) T函数名: strupr * Y5 q- x! i( s7 z9 v( z" s* h+ _
功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
# q/ q7 q% z1 u, x1 C用法: char *strupr(char *str);
, r7 k" {' T+ S9 G {, m+ N: q程序例: 
3 I. f+ y! ~, v9 _#include <STDIO.H>
7 C$ x: s; m& k2 Y9 F#include <STRING.H>* y2 U/ H5 B* ^4 A( V
int main(void) ) ^" L( B. G! x1 X4 u/ g
{ 2 b0 s) s; F- U5 A7 g# ^
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
9 I9 U9 [ v+ X9 U/* converts string to upper case characters */ 1 w( x( j2 x$ m' C- u
ptr = strupr(string); 8 _: R- m1 Z0 N% W
printf("%s\n", ptr); : r3 j% ^! ]+ d3 M/ i! z. d
return 0;
% o G4 c% Y+ Y+ s" y4 {}
: z0 }; a2 E* g- c6 ?9 a. B; k% O0 B i! S+ {( L

$ B3 T) U; m# L! x- C* ?' H. v/ q& b5 J* e
函数名: swab 
9 Z: O+ M7 h% Q6 v, R功能: 交换字节
' h1 K/ b. @/ @* f用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); 3 }" ^4 F- C* v% l1 M
程序例: 3 U* V `& h% ]& V& y8 h8 l: T' H, Q
#include <STDLIB.H>: f+ H* m0 @6 b! O O
#include <STDIO.H>
) p, s( u1 K# z7 G# s0 `#include <STRING.H>, l3 T4 w2 K. [- A7 _' b% r
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; 1 k9 b% ]2 o& \! f% h
char target[15]; ?8 F" e! p! m, ~
int main(void) - c" L, j1 x2 Y4 \
{ 2 ^; }% f( [1 W# B6 D
swab(source, target, strlen(source));
( ]% t( l2 x$ k- G# e Wprintf("This is target: %s\n", target); & @- A/ F% ]0 |/ ]6 j
return 0;
6 G- x. k3 J" Y' v! L$ G7 H; O} & X: `, g- r! w/ [+ h" @ L

0 A X+ I. K2 K! m5 q; a9 i; }9 n
+ j5 o* p1 p' Y+ c1 J( F. P
7 w7 F0 u& H' }8 k9 N; d1 H' {函数名: system r3 Z; {- k# b% h$ b
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
 Q! {2 k' J7 W* a0 e1 O用法: int system(char *command);
2 l) @( D# b! S" e+ ^+ I5 h, X程序例: / R: e# [( q( J" I% r% @
#include <STDLIB.H>
* }- s+ x4 j1 |#include <STDIO.H>5 f$ E ]9 C s% `
int main(void)
2 _- d" ^2 L# w- u/ m$ n! y{
5 V" E* y" p3 |9 R$ ]% \printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
% o' @ q6 C/ N$ }8 M: Q" I8 nsystem("dir");
6 H- u2 B+ K, u! C- n' Preturn 0; 6 D7 D9 ?1 k$ i& V
}