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SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换

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发表于 2005-8-8 14:29 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>熟悉<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER 2000</FONT>的数据库管理员都知道,其<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>可以进行数据的导入导出,其实,我们也可以使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出操作。在<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Transact-SQL</FONT>语句中,我们主要使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">OpenDataSource</FONT>函数、<FONT face="Times New Roman">OPENROWSET </FONT>函数,关于函数的详细说明,请参考<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>联机帮助。利用下述方法,可以十分容易地实现<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>数据转换,详细说明如下:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
) T& G- H: C1 g! o3 ^6 b" W! U< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
, b4 o  F' x7 r( q< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>一、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>; ~  x1 e! ~% h1 a! R+ l
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
# R9 c- `. r$ g) h1 X< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>常规的数据导入导出:使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>向导迁移你的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>数据到<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL Server</FONT>,你可以使用这些步骤:</P>; I4 y) E, j4 ~- t* D
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>- p# ?( R0 y' T; [4 w/ f7 |  g
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>企业管理器中的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Tools</FONT>(工具)菜单上,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data Transformation</FONT></P>* D% C& Q- K  g
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
- K( Q4 M4 J1 S' B< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2Services</FONT>(数据转换服务),然后选择<FONT face="Times New Roman"> czdImport Data</FONT>(导入数据)。</P># m& \4 B- T/ C& q
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
7 Y& m# x3 f0 _: i& J< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Data Source</FONT>(选择数据源)对话框中选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft Access as the Source</FONT>,然后键入你的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>数据库(。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。</P>
6 L3 k! D* A( w3 P; D$ O< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 S" ~8 l4 U  v! p
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Destination</FONT>(选择目标)对话框中,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft OLE</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">DB Prov ider for SQL</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT>,选择数据库服务器,然后单击必要的验证方式。</P>
" m: J, N3 a' P/ t6 K5 Q, f* Z< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
% B1 [7 {  q  p/ y7 ]2 P. G1 [< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    5</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Specify Table Copy</FONT>(指定表格复制)或<FONT face="Times New Roman">Query</FONT>(查询)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Copy tables</FONT>(复制表格)。</P>
4 C: u2 Z! b6 F5 T, }4 T* b< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
/ `1 @7 Y) F9 o! ?- D! g, P< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    6</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select Source Tables</FONT>(选择源表格)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select All</FONT>(全部选定)。下一步,完成。</P>; s- n& ~5 `* I! A6 [4 J
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
/ ]4 l5 u$ P( F" p/ `< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出:</P>) e, K7 g) g' {4 _) b( m
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
0 _4 i- s5 v8 r< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1.</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>数据:</P>- }; ^4 L! F4 k. @- G* y
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 ~$ f  [, a# @  |
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\'</FONT>)……表名</P>
- `  _* m. w/ h$ e* G( y2 ?< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>$ U9 [# I- _" s7 \# I
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P># b6 u, W" v" O0 g/ x
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P># s- f- t0 y" ^: `. K: C
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * INTO newtable FROM OPENDATASOURCE </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\' </FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
+ F; f# n& y; x9 o< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
/ y5 _5 G3 W- t0 X0 s$ L; j) T7 g( a, R<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>表里的数据插入到<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>表中在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>8 h, U" l& q) Q( \1 j1 p
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P># r' q" _  j( ~. k" j8 ?
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source=" c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=\\\'</FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>(列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select </FONT>列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2 from sql</FONT>表<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>! u2 l( `; i- z: _! G1 k) o) S
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
* F: R% u  t1 n3 D<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\db.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Test</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select id</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">name from Test</FONT></P>. H" H4 ?* U2 x, c1 j' ^6 Q* n
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
- ?. l! N' \% ~" Z: e<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    INSERT INTO OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\trade.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>表名)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> SELECT * FROM sqltablename</FONT></P>
: ?% |: M, [* F<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>3 a5 g  j) X) `8 I
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>二、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>" Y1 c* Z" T) ~  M6 Z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>9 u! P, W4 Y# F/ D9 S+ ~0 Z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>数据:</P>
# S0 y( g7 {3 Z/ w3 m0 C' b, F<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
- }* Z# N1 g6 r7 i" B; O<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>4 l* K; G" X) J' L! Y$ F  C( l
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>8 c) K6 k9 Q& F' {- e( y
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>下面是个查询的示例,它通过用于<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Jet </FONT>的<FONT face="Times New Roman"> OLE DB </FONT>提供程序查询<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Excel </FONT>电子表格。</P>
& M5 N% U% |/ e  \6 y2 h- W2 k<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
' t* n. E( _5 E! ]! G<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>
! b! n$ f$ [4 D8 [2 L1 E! v<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
! k% \3 y. W" z! M/ S( p<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>的数据导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server </FONT>:</P>
% K1 [8 s$ ]+ D* R# I<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
& w- ^5 r  R/ t9 y2 o2 W  f<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>; y, M0 m! D1 S$ {0 x- O* Z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>7 h- b. v1 N" t/ v. J( E( u- S# F
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>
" v1 N. o+ Q' K# Q* l; k' K  x( x5 F; w<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>6 }. n# Z! |# G! n- X" Y
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>中查询到的数据导成一个<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>文件<FONT face="Times New Roman">T-SQL</FONT>代码:</P>, ]+ Z1 C$ O" M* `9 c0 z' \
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
2 Y8 a6 \5 z. X, T. w5 l<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""\\\'</FONT>参数:<FONT face="Times New Roman">S </FONT>是<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>服务器名;<FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT>是用户;<FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT>是密码说明:还可以导出文本文件等多种格式<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
; Y5 @1 K7 ]: I; }$ U: R* P$ W9 r<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>& G; C2 O; |, P
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"\\\' </FONT></P>
9 }. L3 h0 ]. L$ z: b- o<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
6 E6 z6 z- B. x/ O& N) C<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT au_fname</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> au_lname FROM pubs</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'</FONT></P>0 e$ U4 X0 W. ^) g2 x' U! z- q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>! \9 {2 `& Y0 `1 f  N
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">VB6</FONT>中应用<FONT face="Times New Roman">ADO</FONT>导出<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>文件代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection cn.open "Driver={SQL Server}</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Server=WEBSVR</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">DataBase=WebMis</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">UID=sa</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">WD=123</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">" cn.execute "master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT col1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> col2 FROM </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">" queryout E</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'" </FONT></P>4 n& o. G6 U7 ~7 M% X
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
1 P' R7 m2 [, f  A7 T& J+ ~& }) v* |<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里往<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>插入数据:</P>) ~7 f. ?  L& m
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
+ J& G# ^, R: s3 }. X% y<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">table1 </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">A1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> values </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>' n) H4 j$ Z- Z+ T& L4 h! u" o% q& B7 q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
2 O! n) Z: ~; L# A" Z<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    T-SQL</FONT>代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">INSERT INTO OPENDATASOURCE</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Extended Properties=Excel 8.0</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data source=C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\training\\\\inventur.xls\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Filiale1$] </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">bestand</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> produkt</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> VALUES </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Test\\\'</FONT>)</P>+ o' W: m' D( J8 V4 C
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>    总结:利用以上语句,我们可以方便地将SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换,为我们提供了极大方便!
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