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SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换

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发表于 2005-8-8 14:29 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>熟悉<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER 2000</FONT>的数据库管理员都知道,其<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>可以进行数据的导入导出,其实,我们也可以使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出操作。在<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Transact-SQL</FONT>语句中,我们主要使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">OpenDataSource</FONT>函数、<FONT face="Times New Roman">OPENROWSET </FONT>函数,关于函数的详细说明,请参考<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>联机帮助。利用下述方法,可以十分容易地实现<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>数据转换,详细说明如下:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
( S0 A  c" F, w< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>+ V' B7 L& O  E/ f; ?, F+ d' r
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>一、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>( y4 T0 H% _& u4 N5 v# r
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>$ `: E6 p& l$ X' a+ x( v  Q
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>常规的数据导入导出:使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>向导迁移你的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>数据到<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL Server</FONT>,你可以使用这些步骤:</P>
' ^" u2 J+ Y* V8 n< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>- |7 o9 _0 z* B9 _' i. @+ W& U6 c
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>企业管理器中的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Tools</FONT>(工具)菜单上,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data Transformation</FONT></P>
! H; ^: W" F7 F7 W/ x; [; K( s< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
4 P9 z1 @3 \5 x& \5 `( o< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2Services</FONT>(数据转换服务),然后选择<FONT face="Times New Roman"> czdImport Data</FONT>(导入数据)。</P>/ l, T3 i! a/ C
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
: ]6 q5 V4 e% F) s< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Data Source</FONT>(选择数据源)对话框中选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft Access as the Source</FONT>,然后键入你的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>数据库(。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。</P>
' N9 D" e9 g6 T< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>; L- x2 B% ^3 y4 c* v: Q
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Destination</FONT>(选择目标)对话框中,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft OLE</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">DB Prov ider for SQL</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT>,选择数据库服务器,然后单击必要的验证方式。</P># {7 J9 B; i1 Q, _: C/ \! c5 T
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
. j7 t' d2 \; A$ Q< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    5</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Specify Table Copy</FONT>(指定表格复制)或<FONT face="Times New Roman">Query</FONT>(查询)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Copy tables</FONT>(复制表格)。</P>/ g, c$ s6 v. h- O1 I' F0 q/ d
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>* v5 ?) |/ G( V% Z* n
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    6</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select Source Tables</FONT>(选择源表格)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select All</FONT>(全部选定)。下一步,完成。</P>2 G7 G3 V( h' R. @& A
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>/ }& g0 Z+ e5 p! ?+ ?( n4 I, K0 q& X
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出:</P># \" _& _* p. W
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>. P8 Y4 H  T0 `: y+ U' b3 ]+ c
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1.</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>数据:</P>
- g- j" y! ~! Q4 e< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 z2 N3 I, D% U; {
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\'</FONT>)……表名</P>9 [4 W( |0 x. P" U$ `% Z/ S/ p2 s
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
; E' x- i" K2 X1 l. |5 R< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>
  \, m! J1 `: l# P: ~: K< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 A2 p3 |( d# |+ S
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * INTO newtable FROM OPENDATASOURCE </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\' </FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
5 q4 M  l9 j: J$ I< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
1 k5 l- p! ~4 Q6 H<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>表里的数据插入到<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>表中在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>2 n2 ?: n. V9 u4 J- M! o3 Y
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>8 t8 F5 F" D! i* i
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source=" c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=\\\'</FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>(列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select </FONT>列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2 from sql</FONT>表<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
2 X/ D! B( ?( b$ _( p! V' }4 D" ~<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
  Q- R. ?/ @* w# B<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\db.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Test</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select id</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">name from Test</FONT></P>
' }; G- o! Z& U. H* I8 ~<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>5 p! f. P, X1 \# b
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    INSERT INTO OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\trade.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>表名)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> SELECT * FROM sqltablename</FONT></P>
- @$ _! `$ p; m, C6 Y+ I<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>" M# M& K1 n' t" ^/ c1 t
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>二、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>7 t2 s( q* E/ c5 h9 h9 P! N
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
' y& z: x& J9 S8 K9 C! U<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>数据:</P>! w$ Q$ k  C5 t9 E
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
: d% g1 A* }3 e" ]/ r; n<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>1 {, [& k, ]/ u) |* T
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>' c. y$ H  ]2 m' x  ~
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>下面是个查询的示例,它通过用于<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Jet </FONT>的<FONT face="Times New Roman"> OLE DB </FONT>提供程序查询<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Excel </FONT>电子表格。</P>, x( c/ V' p8 t0 Z/ s
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 G+ J6 z4 u7 x8 r) m0 @/ {
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>; }% E5 h$ d1 z/ j, b& N* ~
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
0 K  w! L* b3 O& c& }<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>的数据导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server </FONT>:</P>
& ~$ M& T7 V5 M. H  ]<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
8 W4 F' {2 c! t: E6 z' S/ g<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>
4 S( I% @" L. P6 ?3 y<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
- @" Y, Z+ J% `( s) ?0 z4 u- Y. G2 D<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P># g' q; c% [  W8 Q' {: x0 R# I% {
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>; Y  A0 A$ ~; ?' l( u( k6 M
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>中查询到的数据导成一个<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>文件<FONT face="Times New Roman">T-SQL</FONT>代码:</P># A- ]8 G( Q, D+ q" ~) f# x9 z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>) e- f5 L, }9 a( y( h! }9 v8 k# T
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""\\\'</FONT>参数:<FONT face="Times New Roman">S </FONT>是<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>服务器名;<FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT>是用户;<FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT>是密码说明:还可以导出文本文件等多种格式<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>1 V; p# l8 w: P% ]6 }: @( H' O
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
$ E: z0 f$ n7 C' u3 N: U<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"\\\' </FONT></P>! G3 R( m3 `  ?
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>0 C/ Y3 u7 V' |3 v" C
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT au_fname</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> au_lname FROM pubs</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'</FONT></P>
, O7 z2 K/ m# R# l# _3 J<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>, X/ u, S2 p, ~6 @
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">VB6</FONT>中应用<FONT face="Times New Roman">ADO</FONT>导出<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>文件代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection cn.open "Driver={SQL Server}</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Server=WEBSVR</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">DataBase=WebMis</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">UID=sa</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">WD=123</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">" cn.execute "master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT col1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> col2 FROM </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">" queryout E</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'" </FONT></P>& P3 _+ Z7 ]6 V! k6 Q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
' Q7 {) Q! i6 G<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里往<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>插入数据:</P># x9 S* C3 Y6 \7 a- |
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
1 ]5 d( O6 ]( K8 C: g3 J* f. h<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">table1 </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">A1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> values </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
+ n! D. ]$ I3 t1 G2 N& c1 K( n/ K- U<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
  d- c, L6 l/ o: v<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    T-SQL</FONT>代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">INSERT INTO OPENDATASOURCE</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Extended Properties=Excel 8.0</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data source=C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\training\\\\inventur.xls\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Filiale1$] </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">bestand</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> produkt</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> VALUES </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Test\\\'</FONT>)</P>+ e5 V7 a) i  ^/ B( Q! P
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>    总结:利用以上语句,我们可以方便地将SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换,为我们提供了极大方便!
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