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SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换

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发表于 2005-8-8 14:29 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>熟悉<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER 2000</FONT>的数据库管理员都知道,其<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>可以进行数据的导入导出,其实,我们也可以使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出操作。在<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Transact-SQL</FONT>语句中,我们主要使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">OpenDataSource</FONT>函数、<FONT face="Times New Roman">OPENROWSET </FONT>函数,关于函数的详细说明,请参考<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>联机帮助。利用下述方法,可以十分容易地实现<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>数据转换,详细说明如下:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
, A* |! M8 e1 j6 m< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
9 x5 m% u  r7 x; E< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>一、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>
( s3 R6 \( g. Z< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
  n1 x" J# t: t% B8 r" j< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>常规的数据导入导出:使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>向导迁移你的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>数据到<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL Server</FONT>,你可以使用这些步骤:</P>
9 e* V1 }* X5 \4 r< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 j1 V# w8 {! _2 `5 f) z& `% _
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>企业管理器中的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Tools</FONT>(工具)菜单上,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data Transformation</FONT></P>
* v( y0 e' l7 R( y( ?) }< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
2 N: t3 |  g  d; o< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2Services</FONT>(数据转换服务),然后选择<FONT face="Times New Roman"> czdImport Data</FONT>(导入数据)。</P>  X: L3 C1 ^, I0 y
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
% j8 _7 e! ?9 l, r- m9 Q, r" [< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Data Source</FONT>(选择数据源)对话框中选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft Access as the Source</FONT>,然后键入你的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>数据库(。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。</P>
3 e" I5 ?/ c- Q( i$ r' e: a< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
1 R- S- i  a1 g) r% ^< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Destination</FONT>(选择目标)对话框中,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft OLE</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">DB Prov ider for SQL</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT>,选择数据库服务器,然后单击必要的验证方式。</P>. i( `' r0 U/ d/ I& e+ D7 x
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
6 W3 `1 K9 l6 Q4 T# l< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    5</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Specify Table Copy</FONT>(指定表格复制)或<FONT face="Times New Roman">Query</FONT>(查询)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Copy tables</FONT>(复制表格)。</P>
# ^9 I% ^% {! [% i, n% A& I0 X< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>3 F; s9 N5 C% A" q8 x: n! {
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    6</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select Source Tables</FONT>(选择源表格)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select All</FONT>(全部选定)。下一步,完成。</P>
: U+ N% v, K8 C  ]( f5 p; h- ^+ G  b< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
- S6 w: |3 X* v$ B% L# ]! p< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出:</P>+ M! n$ q$ t6 L" Z/ \
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>  O$ G$ R; O2 H, e  Y  X
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1.</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>数据:</P>
" z, V( R5 ^3 p7 \( x5 u) P< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
+ ?5 g. U: |- N. b< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\'</FONT>)……表名</P>
, x7 F6 }. d0 `< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>4 z0 u2 u# c* T0 F5 k: l/ b
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>6 [* p( u$ D+ v( y
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
! j9 i  q. H" G2 P# g< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * INTO newtable FROM OPENDATASOURCE </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\' </FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>; M  V+ S* C( D- u! O
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>7 P" ?4 F, C4 A$ t
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>表里的数据插入到<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>表中在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>
. G  y- r0 w- i( s* }<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>0 S+ {$ D; U& p# ]) b6 ?3 z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source=" c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=\\\'</FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>(列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select </FONT>列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2 from sql</FONT>表<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>  o6 ~2 {' `1 S( Y6 {2 a2 A4 ^
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
) Y2 i) U% Q8 X2 Y( L# w<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\db.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Test</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select id</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">name from Test</FONT></P>* e! U" K) L* x
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 b2 y) C, C% c, u2 r1 {
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    INSERT INTO OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\trade.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>表名)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> SELECT * FROM sqltablename</FONT></P>
& r& }0 y5 _6 C- u! }' r6 ?& D' {<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>+ w/ I7 _; Q" `( H+ _- i! D
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>二、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>) a8 H. I  _- [$ _8 z  e- P3 B" \
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P># f% ?2 W/ H; l' ?* t' P
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>数据:</P>
( |% ~" X) D. a2 m/ y<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>  I/ k8 M# p2 n" g  v
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>! o5 Q7 Z9 t  ^- ?' S, c. c7 ]
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>9 p" S. o+ E7 j0 _9 J' B3 H2 z& p, ]" x4 f
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>下面是个查询的示例,它通过用于<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Jet </FONT>的<FONT face="Times New Roman"> OLE DB </FONT>提供程序查询<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Excel </FONT>电子表格。</P>$ B: |* S6 [* U, S* i
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>& U& Q: `, Y( Q0 o  d
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>
! C0 R* N9 c. k' ]7 v+ t- K9 m<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>. f5 d* }" w: y6 H6 Z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>的数据导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server </FONT>:</P>
7 b% _( h* n- u<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>/ l% x$ M( T4 H5 O5 d9 t3 l, ]
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>
# ]+ i. _/ _, x0 p( V<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>' [0 s, l, l, U  A0 o8 t
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>
! C: p& u1 l! L1 l- w" T<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>: E3 `9 H1 }/ c( A  o/ I$ h# N5 Q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>中查询到的数据导成一个<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>文件<FONT face="Times New Roman">T-SQL</FONT>代码:</P>* O$ ?9 A3 I& c' C3 S
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>0 U# w  o# P2 f0 U+ f
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""\\\'</FONT>参数:<FONT face="Times New Roman">S </FONT>是<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>服务器名;<FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT>是用户;<FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT>是密码说明:还可以导出文本文件等多种格式<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
7 {0 n. s: ^: t, W2 S+ U/ U<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>0 s) P1 v9 `  P4 M) b* J/ ]  }% C* k
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"\\\' </FONT></P>* E* R, Z# n. s7 r2 j
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
+ g1 t' F$ T  U8 W- P, i9 }  y<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT au_fname</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> au_lname FROM pubs</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'</FONT></P>! a: S5 ?+ d. E
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>1 `1 H2 T7 `" r: k4 g6 p& A7 h
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">VB6</FONT>中应用<FONT face="Times New Roman">ADO</FONT>导出<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>文件代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection cn.open "Driver={SQL Server}</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Server=WEBSVR</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">DataBase=WebMis</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">UID=sa</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">WD=123</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">" cn.execute "master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT col1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> col2 FROM </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">" queryout E</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'" </FONT></P>
  L6 \  T2 }& j6 M5 k<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>$ e" G1 E/ F$ |1 z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里往<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>插入数据:</P>
4 y% L6 i$ @7 K  V7 q$ S* F" c<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>+ b& [2 e) R- P: J
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">table1 </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">A1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> values </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
: A' V, J3 n2 H<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>4 ?! e7 Y3 J5 Z" X2 R/ P
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    T-SQL</FONT>代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">INSERT INTO OPENDATASOURCE</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Extended Properties=Excel 8.0</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data source=C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\training\\\\inventur.xls\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Filiale1$] </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">bestand</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> produkt</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> VALUES </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Test\\\'</FONT>)</P>( V, y  ]0 A7 X. B7 A0 }7 e
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>    总结:利用以上语句,我们可以方便地将SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换,为我们提供了极大方便!
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