PROBLEM B: Energy and the Cell Phone

tomine

This question involves the “energy” consequences of the cell phone revolution. Cell phone usage is mushrooming, and many people are using cell phones and giving up their landline telephones. What is the consequence of this in terms of electricity use? Every cell phone comes with a battery and a recharger.
Requirement 1
Consider the current US, a country of about 300 million people. Estimate from available data the number H of households, with m members each, that in the past were serviced by landlines. Now, suppose that all the landlines are replaced by cell phones; that is, each of the m members of the household has a cell phone. Model the consequences of this change for electricity utilization in the current US, both during the transition and during the steady state. The analysis should take into account the need for charging the batteries of the cell phones, as well as the fact that cell phones do not last as long as landline phones (for example, the cell phones get lost and break).
Requirement 2
Consider a second “Pseudo US”—a country of about 300 million people with about the same economic status as the current US. However, this emerging country has neither landlines nor cell phones. What is the optimal way of providing phone service to this country from an energy perspective? Of course, cell phones have many social consequences and uses that landline phones do not allow. A discussion of the broad and hidden consequences of having only landlines, only cell phones, or a mixture of the two is welcomed.
Requirement 3
Cell phones periodically need to be recharged. However, many people always keep their recharger plugged in. Additionally, many people charge their phones every night, whether they need to be recharged or not. Model the energy costs of this wasteful practice for a Pseudo US based upon your answer to Requirement 2. Assume that the Pseudo US supplies electricity from oil. Interpret your results in terms of barrels of oil.
Requirement 4
Estimates vary on the amount of energy that is used by various recharger types (TV, DVR, computer peripherals, and so forth) when left plugged in but not charging the device. Use accurate data to model the energy wasted by the current US in terms of barrels of oil per day.
Requirement 5
Now consider population and economic growth over the next 50 years. How might a typical Pseudo US grow? For each 10 years for the next 50 years, predict the energy needs for providing phone service based upon your analysis in the first three requirements. Again, assume electricity is provided from oil. Interpret your predictions in term of barrels of oil.

虞美人

啥子哦？？？？

爱上纳木错

问题B组：能源和手机

这个问题涉及了后能源时代的手机大变革，手机使用人数迅速增长，并且很多用户放弃了有线电话而使用手机。这样多的用户使用用电池的手机造成了怎样的后果呢？每一部手机包含了电池和充电器。

要求1

现在的美国大约有3亿人，从现有的数据估计有数目H的家庭，每一个家庭有M个成员，这些家庭在以前是用座机的。现在假设所有的座机被M部手机取代。并且这种变化在当前的美国式一个稳定的过渡期。分析应该考虑到对移动电话充电的需要，同时移动电话不能像固定电话那样持续使用也是一个现实问题（比如说移动电话可能会丢失或者损坏）
要求2

考虑第二个假设，假设美国现在的3亿人拥有相同的经济能力。并且，这个新兴国家也没有固定电话和手机。从这个国家的能源角度看，什么是最佳的方式提供电话服务？当然，手机有很多的社会后果并能使用在固定电话不允许的场合。这个讨论是关于单独使用固定电话或者单独使用移动电话，或者混合使用两种电话带来的广泛或潜在的影响。
要求3

手机需要定期充电。然而，许多人一直把充电器插着。另外，许多人每到晚上都给手机充电而不管手机是否需要充电。在前两个假设成立的基础上建立一个能源浪费的数学模型，来回答要求2。电力的来源仅限石油，并用需要多少桶原油来给出结果。

要求4

估计不同的数额所使用的各种充电器类型（电视，硬盘录像机，计算机外围设备，等等）时，插上，但没有充电时消耗的能源。利用精确的模型计算，每天美国人要浪费多少桶原油。

要求5

考虑未来50年内人口和经济的增长。以上假设的美国将怎样变化？对于每一个10年的今后50年内，能源需求预测，提供电话服务，根据前三个要求来分析。再次，假设提供电力来自石油。并用消耗多少桶原油来给出您的预测。

echo@1218

并且这种变化在当前的美国式一个稳定的过渡期？
这个both during the transition and during the steady state
是建立在过渡期和稳定期的两个模型？还是指  美国是一个稳定的过渡期

realrain911

要分析过渡期和稳定状态 两个状态都要分析

realrain911

你们现在做的怎么样啊 确定选什么了吗

yangchunyao

是要分析手机和固话的对人群的影响。。

yangchunyao

6# realrain911

dsshirley

是要分析手机和固话的对人群的影响。。

tiantang1228

说实话，翻译有些地方我不赞同~~