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函数大全(c开头)

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发表于 2004-10-4 03:02 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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函数大全(c开头)) j q( w: p2 e+ X

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函数名: cabs , v& h; H3 W6 f6 ]; ]5 _7 B 功 能: 计算复数的绝对值 & N. s! }! T5 Y) b0 E 用 法: double cabs(struct complex z); # |" O D$ l2 w! `0 O% m! ]5 C 程序例:

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#include 1 f+ c/ Y, \3 f# R B( d1 V #include

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int main(void) " k! I1 h2 X9 L0 | { ) ~; f/ O j0 M2 N: m* t9 b struct complex z; 0 C. T: e1 M1 d' rdouble val;

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z.x = 2.0; # ]7 v, x1 x: K' s! N2 K U( Hz.y = 1.0; & p( R' P6 z+ d2 C val = cabs(z);

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printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val); / a4 q4 e) {+ q2 y7 [ x( m6 Xreturn 0; 5 J- w* _, P* X# A7 R4 i0 k } $ z' m: c- H6 | " h$ ~& G0 T* `1 Y! K 3 g ~. O- f9 |3 n* s5 c, x

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函数名: calloc ! c1 A1 n6 i( G; m, V5 k 功 能: 分配主存储器 , k& Y3 G; w* a: ]+ G; X8 q9 X5 d用 法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize); 9 p" Q, j8 z/ v: r程序例:

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#include : _) E# Q0 y+ t* o* V4 ^ #include

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int main(void) 4 l D0 l+ u( \( D& l) k { : M- h1 E# X1 h* W' Bchar *str = NULL;

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/* allocate memory for string */ / X; m4 l3 w+ e: tstr = calloc(10, sizeof(char));

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/* copy "Hello" into string */ / q' A" {6 I- b& j9 t" Ostrcpy(str, "Hello");

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/* display string */ ' w. ?$ e; k' j; Oprintf("String is %s\n", str);

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/* free memory */ 4 C! h( P# D6 H/ m, w free(str);

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return 0; ! u0 G6 Z8 t; h6 x3 l% w } / i4 i. g2 \7 p # |+ ]% u$ w$ K2 r 7 |& _4 x" I$ [) V* ` {3 p

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函数名: ceil % c! f; P; Y7 X; C6 K" z 功 能: 向上舍入 . n- u$ ~+ x# |! @3 X用 法: double ceil(double x); / u1 a5 B9 [) M( c# o$ P2 v; I 程序例:

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#include ' x" V4 p: C4 f( `9 [) R#include

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int main(void) # v( Q( l7 I8 B% C( V { , N, D6 @8 P. }# x3 ]) |* \double number = 123.54; # G3 B' @; G. x+ f Fdouble down, up;

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down = floor(number); . m# W. R/ |! S/ Y5 n8 \4 @: P- Q up = ceil(number);

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printf("original number %5.2lf\n", number); ; w- C3 ^9 M5 \; e$ H printf("number rounded down %5.2lf\n", down); $ {# b# s; w' e( d% b, u" Xprintf("number rounded up %5.2lf\n", up);

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return 0; " u7 j }0 Z9 O& i/ f7 q1 k! Z- y } 7 W! z& C& m7 t: z+ u2 ` : k6 [. _4 g* H/ P8 D4 B- U1 \. t2 ]3 r2 l8 Y

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函数名: cgets 8 p) K# ~) H9 s 功 能: 从控制台读字符串 7 V3 z' g8 i+ y8 I 用 法: char *cgets(char *str); 9 f0 L) W- d! x. [ 程序例:

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#include - \' ?% s6 G+ S! Z, c6 c: P #include

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int main(void) " E8 h0 ?9 J% p' s{ 3 N* F& } p* ]* W% h" L1 wchar buffer[83]; $ L: A# `& u! U6 }" T) L# c: F char *p;

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/* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */ 8 i1 n8 p. w- L5 ?* H! p5 d, _! [buffer[0] = 81;

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printf("Input some chars:"); 0 [. D6 U9 m1 j p = cgets(buffer); 2 w8 t: @: b5 z0 D5 K) y8 ^printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); & ^: N3 L3 Q/ l: H printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer);

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/* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */ ; F, @; G- u2 ]8 K( J buffer[0] = 6;

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printf("Input some chars:"); : _3 o6 @: j, W$ A5 e: E3 x, `p = cgets(buffer); 6 x& ^- e$ \. G" l printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); 0 d" n/ K: v2 }' }) ] printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer); 0 i, G2 d2 L" P$ g return 0; . F' J8 c; C+ x6 U } : M/ u% \* v. l* Z $ |% b7 U$ z& \# _$ F * q/ m3 G9 Y4 C/ X0 \6 V% F

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函数名: chdir 3 V9 ~1 Q' g( D' Y. t 功 能: 改变工作目录 ! g d1 z8 S& Q( F3 m) m' a用 法: int chdir(const char *path); : U. A/ _8 m7 M2 |2 i$ D程序例:

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#include ' r! r, H3 u3 q #include + h& _1 C" A+ u" i2 W# [4 s#include

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char old_dir[MAXDIR]; & P: w) N( ]7 V% ^8 r' uchar new_dir[MAXDIR];

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int main(void) ; m, z5 N# k1 d+ E: D{ " j; K' Y1 z5 ]! y, n- ] [% a+ `if (getcurdir(0, old_dir)) * K) M& A2 O$ H! @# p& R) T{ ' R6 `3 @' X; O) n7 a perror("getcurdir()"); 1 b) |0 T9 g! [9 b/ o! J" j6 L exit(1); 0 ~, E7 y1 m3 Y1 Z1 I Z) m } * z( F$ Q2 S) |8 [ ^2 nprintf("Current directory is: \\%s\n", old_dir);

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if (chdir("\\")) - q; S. d7 Q2 L/ F8 }7 h{ # N! X2 ?& S( G" n8 D) Aperror("chdir()"); $ s% @& t: t: W exit(1); 7 E1 t- M* f5 J' @' D( O}

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if (getcurdir(0, new_dir)) * S8 z. Q6 L- Z; ^ { 9 j6 Y" G4 L+ q' t% J perror("getcurdir()"); % O$ W9 f: `. @) u' J exit(1); 8 Y( c2 S! ~5 P1 I: Y9 z } - d% [! W6 W. D$ A' h0 G$ t. yprintf("Current directory is now: \\%s\n", new_dir);

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printf("\nChanging back to orignal directory: \\%s\n", old_dir); ( I5 K. |7 T. j+ S& eif (chdir(old_dir)) * o, n, h4 W: P9 I3 [ { " W/ z$ ` D* |* X+ i perror("chdir()"); 9 d) ~1 t% c, m- t/ ^4 c0 A& I& Eexit(1); $ Y4 K7 C5 L, ^' o( x1 ~}

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return 0; ' u6 r( P! g4 k( S/ _} & M. T1 M5 v. j1 A) J: V+ S$ V- h7 |/ K

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函数名: _chmod, chmod u2 C, @% i* [; }7 ~0 c9 e9 v! u功 能: 改变文件的访问方式 6 U1 B' c/ a, I9 I& F 用 法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss); * p/ ^( {. ]+ U' m: D程序例:

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#include , @7 d% n3 x! e5 G) b#include 1 B6 a! B/ _- Z8 g. h, ~& q #include

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void make_read_only(char *filename);

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int main(void) + h5 f9 C5 ~% W( C) z" C( y{ : y7 L( z' n9 ?4 ]# Rmake_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL"); 6 _! R$ O9 |) f make_read_only("MYFILE.FIL"); # j I6 D, M' _) B4 p3 R: Creturn 0; 8 U' ]! A3 Q9 C: f }

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void make_read_only(char *filename) 7 C7 j7 P/ }! s3 }8 B { $ |3 l3 j L8 yint stat;

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stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD); 4 i( _7 k* S7 P6 g O" kif (stat) # f* Y3 A- D7 A% a2 i% \% [' Sprintf("Couldn't make %s read-only\n", filename); $ u5 Y7 @- z# ~' ~7 @# Qelse ! f# W M. C$ S$ g& zprintf("Made %s read-only\n", filename); 4 _0 l9 }( A' c. g9 w} 0 P. j% {0 _# I1 P1 ?! S& E0 T 9 V o' W v, i# h( y 7 o; S* ], Y3 O7 u1 p$ a! b) p

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函数名: chsize ( o+ [0 h1 ^' S 功 能: 改变文件大小 / g( o$ v4 q3 O- F$ W用 法: int chsize(int handle, long size); 0 Z6 E- t% N7 J7 O8 k 程序例:

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#include / B. \% _7 p3 ] #include 1 u9 z* i* k+ m! [; S #include

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int main(void) 4 |8 V0 W8 Q) n* i7 D{ " v" |3 e- v7 qint handle; ' W j/ T' V( m' ichar buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create text file containing 10 bytes */ ) `' i0 A9 I0 ?& h A5 o& g+ Z' c' mhandle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT); 1 z* C. ^! ]) \0 K3 w' @7 [write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */ 6 J0 w! ]% m$ J1 i+ q chsize(handle, 5);

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/* close the file */ & I' u& P+ j9 s6 p2 jclose(handle); . O6 n0 W3 z* H* B: G9 W return 0; 8 L2 }- u/ ?- u5 ~# Z8 p0 ?, g P} ' c3 ~2 S4 ]7 {& O. T G % Q G" i& ]2 B

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函数名: circle " {* h& P& F9 E. A# ?功 能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆 % c+ {+ l- C2 J用 法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius); 8 L4 C. N' j1 g程序例:

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#include 6 L9 S7 ]; a, a: }0 U1 Y. q #include 7 K" ]6 o+ ~' N- h& a# f) y#include " L2 }; n( x1 L; `, {4 Z #include

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int main(void) 6 E+ |/ ?1 C* U4 G1 t: _ { 8 X" j4 B: l* e: r /* request auto detection */ + b* ?: E$ u( v1 H! O2 Pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 0 b- ]3 @! k: Y; e6 x. G int midx, midy; # [/ C) C9 t. c) P int radius = 100;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 ?* K# J1 S! W: e @ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ ) D8 j7 B$ m' \1 ferrorcode = graphresult(); . p8 @5 r6 r% |+ ~ if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ $ k1 }8 D+ Y/ V5 x { + e0 K, X/ P% j) cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 0 ~7 p' M' @8 u' P( n2 ]! Jprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 7 g! ?$ g: {5 W2 i% f getch(); # m y$ I' D( k8 i exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 4 ^ s/ ?0 T7 V }

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; , C% m; o: e2 smidy = getmaxy() / 2; 3 d# z2 y( x- c+ ysetcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* draw the circle */ 3 @) l7 S- B' G' X circle(midx, midy, radius);

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/* clean up */ 3 ~8 P# g- O+ xgetch(); 5 c4 m4 A: }- |+ I% O" o: y closegraph(); 0 l0 t5 Q( y/ U1 J: b4 M return 0; / G1 y; q$ F" a0 _ Y: K& m } / N5 {' Z6 [6 S3 F# Z8 z- B . z5 K% M: i) Z, L 4 i/ C7 t0 |4 w1 E1 I

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函数名: cleardevice 8 J, B( e9 r5 E. j1 H' T. O功 能: 清除图形屏幕 6 D2 G* i; m6 C/ X/ g! Y. _2 e用 法: void far cleardevice(void); g i) I# c; F/ @, x8 \程序例:

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#include % {3 n- R! |/ P; @5 h#include 3 W) ^6 C9 C# d #include ' A2 t; }. I3 _ #include

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int main(void) & g- c. H- j, A3 U{ " `8 [( y0 f6 T! d7 B# U( W/* request auto detection */ 5 k* \1 E. a( {# ? int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; # i& ^! O) g# W' Y; Z/ _int midx, midy;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 n1 v7 ?9 w/ R2 ]. Oinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ 7 M; F3 b; K+ ^; ^. V% perrorcode = graphresult(); 9 }6 Y5 `0 }. @ A; @if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ B5 T7 r7 x$ e* A: J { : X( _) B5 `6 |2 k4 e) a printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 0 k' ]3 |/ }5 j# Q1 Mprintf("Press any key to halt:"); : Z, U+ q& Q% c0 D0 |9 }. e getch(); - n: k4 k, `6 S( Qexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 2 O# h& f; A6 P# W2 e}

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; - y7 x3 J# h& o: e( Vmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 2 t: X2 L3 E# C1 J9 j4 G$ wsetcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* for centering screen messages */ % h3 ~1 E2 _ \' [" x. psettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

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/* output a message to the screen */ ! P% E% ?, F: V) Y# n2 Routtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:");

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/* wait for a key */ 5 }0 U( y; G2 ngetch();

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/* clear the screen */ 3 ~1 K/ c3 ^' O; i; e) J+ Icleardevice();

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/* output another message */ ! ~2 p6 z5 Y0 c9 o2 f9 X* x" { outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ 1 a& d7 N/ C0 u$ c2 s) y* R getch(); 9 \/ _) M- A. \, h" V Y closegraph(); ; G! T, |6 Z3 q return 0; 3 ^1 P0 p1 M" U! B} , X8 Z* P( U7 w5 s( H9 H: |, o( |. f; e: I ) G- o4 e0 Y3 u2 z) x

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函数名: clearerr % B) d' \& J: d, Y功 能: 复位错误标志 6 z6 X! ~! e2 f8 h0 I; {8 H用 法:void clearerr(FILE *stream); ' y/ Y0 \( f; {3 i 程序例:

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#include

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int main(void) 5 e1 L n. M* R: a* d { , p2 K! P! D& x& U. K# y/ i FILE *fp; + r4 p3 y6 Q( r% a* ?# P Nchar ch;

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/* open a file for writing */ ) n( D9 R7 F' o7 g! S/ k6 P fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

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/* force an error condition by attempting to read */ ) z6 r( k+ q9 R! x( K ch = fgetc(fp); / q5 Q: J, B% Lprintf("%c\n",ch);

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if (ferror(fp)) # U- V' x' `3 k+ v0 g* ^ { ' |) u/ B0 ~& R# X) a3 r+ a& K* c /* display an error message */ ! P9 S: T3 T; h! r Uprintf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

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/* reset the error and EOF indicators */ 4 B% T a1 w, v$ B clearerr(fp); 9 P+ J7 q1 u; e" U4 W }

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fclose(fp); , p) g- F5 z2 D/ O9 O+ areturn 0; 1 L @: [! U/ y, K- g' G } & }& U- X* [6 p1 Y# @% j9 n 2 w' U$ e* v$ w5 @2 V/ L - _# S1 _6 V% ?& D) ]

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函数名: clearviewport % a, |) c, P& x7 J( O功 能: 清除图形视区 $ n7 g1 s" z* Y, b F I, r用 法: void far clearviewport(void); : x6 N/ V5 Q/ p# R9 { 程序例:

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#include ) h v4 ]2 C. f5 i+ }8 ?#include 5 m. e% T$ B# x1 b#include % Q5 k, k! G& T; ^. P5 ?: F#include

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#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */

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int main(void) 2 B$ p% w. N/ {{ ; Q+ s$ J5 x# m5 _2 t3 g3 U8 T/* request auto detection */ * a. x" u" C; n$ Vint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % I3 x( l6 G. Q( ]4 Y9 {int ht;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ : e! N: k) T7 n& m. {- xinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ a$ n' o# l% l1 C5 e( Qerrorcode = graphresult(); - C* ~& q& ~1 _4 Q# e1 o if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 2 S6 P, ^, M/ s1 O: J5 Z { 6 f) l8 a' g# y' u tprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . E& R" k! M [: w3 r( Gprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ( j8 K' c$ D( v2 o7 ?1 M# ygetch(); , h( b: i6 U3 ? R$ W4 @exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % x6 P5 ] m# m }

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setcolor(getmaxcolor()); ( F0 F* t7 U. M( u( y0 o. \0 b ht = textheight("W");

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/* message in default full-screen viewport */ 3 h! B; S# _8 E' {5 C- H r* Zouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport");

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/* create a smaller viewport */ / I3 {8 S- m# f4 ?0 }- [/ g8 @ setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

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/* display some messages */ ! G# D$ A; k8 N' J' N/ l: jouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); . x& P/ U, k! Touttextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:");

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/* wait for a key */ - ^. o4 I! w2 r1 C* M) b getch();

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/* clear the viewport */ ( U5 o% a3 j f! p6 zclearviewport();

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/* output another message */ 4 J/ E# c5 ]# C9 W- couttextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ 4 N) n" b0 N! j% Ggetch(); & I( p1 w) ~: z7 g. r3 pclosegraph(); 1 L7 ]+ h' s: N3 C0 ~9 {return 0; & a3 b2 d. J7 A* y} . ]) I7 {3 A# ~" U7 O y F $ {9 d! w* }, G1 [1 v, k! G * n+ k: X0 I4 _& X/ Q7 U

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函数名: _close, close 1 M8 t- P; [7 y% Y1 J 功 能: 关闭文件句柄 * C2 u! j1 K) ?7 ^ 用 法: int close(int handle); " Z( `% V3 C4 \; a程序例:

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#include 8 Y1 |3 I5 r( j! M#include 8 Q1 Y- f3 F Z4 [ #include * ?! j9 W+ l! b3 C" t } #include

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main() 7 j2 z. p6 j: H{ ; D) n, |+ D, T; N- ^: {' |# ] int handle; j T8 z9 x+ n% ]8 M! x char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create a file containing 10 bytes */ / Y8 X! k( y/ g# X4 M! thandle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT); ' C( Q* I q$ T# Bif (handle > -1) 9 S) s/ k, B$ Z% s: R { ' `, p5 j! a6 k; ?# d write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* close the file */ 0 S: e7 z- n& B) z( X- i- b9 ^4 m close(handle); , K& K* X% {) x/ ^5 d! M% ]/ _ } 4 b7 j' ?6 ?6 J' d. P- Z+ a3 S else 1 x. X8 j: U7 A ` e$ H{ . l3 k5 I( l" o& l" d+ D4 `+ mprintf("Error opening file\n"); 2 [* \+ @& z# w# ^, F- T } * e$ a5 E3 E* E- Q8 ^ return 0; 4 _3 E8 ~8 k, V' c( X& W: |$ R7 `1 G} 4 m$ H1 s" I3 g" k" t6 c$ T' X- [! A6 G8 Y7 E4 A! Z- ^9 o$ V : S1 O" N- `: t+ u& E5 L- @+ C* @

% _! s8 G) m- ^ o8 E% W

函数名: clock ) o7 W1 g9 @7 {) K* A0 T+ Y功 能: 确定处理器时间 ) L- [+ x) R+ g* W7 m$ | 用 法: clock_t clock(void); , ?. a) z, F: B# R程序例:

8 i( h9 N' F8 h; z

#include % T7 @4 t3 F4 K' K, m0 n1 m #include " j! h8 L+ h3 S6 I/ @) e0 u# k#include

! C k8 e5 r/ t2 Y

int main(void) . ~; d* u" a5 Y9 n' n* C# i{ 9 G [1 E0 T4 oclock_t start, end; q4 b$ X" b5 q2 y( ~# d8 Ostart = clock();

@( N3 N* Y2 I) [; K

delay(2000);

) m# w( O- `. n: V

end = clock(); 5 d+ D; e0 u4 S4 {. t( I' R- j8 U printf("The time was: %f\n", (end - start) / CLK_TCK);

1 }7 J T% g y' A' Z

return 0; 1 f) L, z3 q9 Y% m2 j) k7 ?} / d, f: V) G5 v' u# R% g # l/ F; L- ?8 Y 1 A9 [2 T- n0 s9 v# w* O

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函数名: closegraph 9 N0 a/ x6 R+ E+ D( V$ w功 能: 关闭图形系统 ; k% ~2 D3 H- c9 I1 l ^用 法: void far closegraph(void); * m+ Q8 [4 ^+ r5 J3 ~/ i1 S% s+ M程序例:

D, N8 h! ?2 U$ W

#include 8 i" [8 W' t0 M9 T1 K#include . ?; E& c }' ?, z #include t9 R2 B9 U3 w; ~ #include

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int main(void) 5 \" f! P5 y' K& F/ m! w{ ' T" Z! ^8 p6 E/* request auto detection */ : ` ^3 I8 U# }% o$ fint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ z( z9 x1 U. X' F: [' z" dint x, y;

# ^. h S9 i+ z% f0 f" ~

/* initialize graphics mode */ : N" ~7 S/ b# x' W0 e3 | initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

; _& ?! y$ F4 j% v6 s: g8 G

/* read result of initialization */ ) H- w) J2 @, e: `errorcode = graphresult();

* I6 Y# h) R" O/ {: a

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error & X8 |+ B( {1 i8 ~! M/ poccurred */ : R) O; g5 A1 n: H$ b: j9 U{ $ F' I( h" f u* o printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); & m8 z2 x. O; J9 V& gprintf("Press any key to halt:"); . a x/ n8 `) Z3 g5 W7 Q% { getch(); # q" D7 ?$ L; E& G exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 9 I3 A% ^7 Z/ L( j }

8 s# S0 C( h. A1 x H

x = getmaxx() / 2; , }' M+ ]/ m |6 d xy = getmaxy() / 2;

3 c/ ]6 z/ H1 z2 j" ~7 x3 X% a

/* output a message */ % J& S/ O# }2 }# k* L$ E% Lsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); + u( F0 b. g( Zouttextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:");

- g8 ~8 {; }& w9 I: @) e$ ^

/* wait for a key */ 7 [$ g- e& X0 k9 q getch();

: [+ O( a- a! a7 `, k

/* closes down the graphics system */ # {+ h. n8 \) }" x4 h& r) ^ closegraph();

$ n9 e7 J$ Q+ r" o2 h" a

printf("We're now back in text mode.\n"); , J2 B! W& ~' q" X2 \2 R2 oprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ! j$ p1 \! n7 b, @0 W getch(); " y- l; U x7 A X5 a0 p: ^7 kreturn 0; " v% ]. w1 C* ~; N& C) C3 e* }, T} ) l% k0 B- h) ` , g A2 E+ e) \% l6 `: s, S2 i* Y" `3 q; H* m t: I, A, U( Z

+ N' r( \' e+ b" i

函数名: clreol # a% f2 |' u8 @. N" `2 S7 _ 功 能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末 / u. H$ |' s1 k: f6 v. u2 q用 法: void clreol(void); . M" _) t6 U+ V 程序例:

3 S1 L3 o+ E$ {

#include

9 Q: O' ?, d0 h y7 x& V

int main(void)

7 J! C# _0 k: a0 F& p. M* U

{ . y% \5 m/ ^4 |% D+ Jclrscr(); ( @% e2 I9 i) A' ` cprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the\r\n"); $ {# A7 F8 F4 t- Y6 m: S cprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the\r\n"); # K' n. u5 q/ s4 k; \' t* ` cprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor.\r\n"); " O# D$ |+ x0 D cprintf("Press any key to continue . . ."); & S! @6 T% h7 dgotoxy(14, 4); 7 L; u# ^3 F4 N, t: M getch();

: ~) s5 G! S3 M( d6 ]6 _& F* F0 B, A6 r

clreol(); 4 \$ N6 D6 U0 U$ ]( Y# zgetch();

2 C. y: Z5 y% p

return 0; 5 ?+ P; @ H5 _" ^! i9 Q } % h" ]! v9 n+ I6 M $ I$ K8 D4 Z3 c' F3 { * Y; v1 p( U$ T

% h$ w- g2 L1 \. S$ O

函数名: clrscr 3 A- E7 T7 R7 u; `功 能: 清除文本模式窗口 # z) u; s8 Y: Z% d& d7 @用 法: void clrscr(void); 1 q0 A0 Y, h, y5 S* c程序例:

8 |" Y# |5 d- `" D& Y/ C. \$ Y

#include

6 ~- {9 q X* q* q; u

int main(void) 3 S; K( W8 Y5 ? s- O9 c/ B& A { , G4 x8 n& m3 p2 tint i;

% s' L( L0 Q% U6 o, p

clrscr(); . q( _$ B2 {4 p5 _for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) ) Q' ~8 [7 p% \" ?5 N4 }2 Bcprintf("%d\r\n", i); 4 H5 x& l) M: y- Y' Ucprintf("\r\nPress any key to clear screen"); : x# H1 Z; X$ P" fgetch();

! L( C3 ], G* Z0 |

clrscr(); , t3 ~5 @& i+ U) X- h( A) y; bcprintf("The screen has been cleared!"); * O& [2 o0 v, y! Y( |3 u+ I7 Egetch();

4 X7 @5 X: J" o) p8 S

return 0; . w' w3 B- [ k5 X8 N* N } 9 e( I6 E5 g+ \" B 2 O9 U; i/ Z2 }! v# b 6 r5 k/ A0 R0 G& f y1 F2 r

/ N' c% N; R# R/ Z: \

函数名: coreleft " D1 I8 F& @! B; [+ Q" H7 @+ I 功 能: 返回未使用内存的大小 $ b1 i% ^1 f. U3 v4 X. ] 用 法: unsigned coreleft(void); & }2 h8 z2 F: B1 p# a# U7 A' g 程序例:

; w! ]! B8 J0 F, f" M

#include 1 C6 |" W) \! n8 ~7 \9 o M" W8 j, x #include

1 E" k& n/ Y' K

int main(void) 0 @* H `) s6 ?- V' A{ / a! S6 _. U0 _printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and\n"); $ S! P: }8 O8 z( ~# Q- u printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes\n", (unsigned long) coreleft());

$ k. y% W: @3 `

return 0; + l& z, y7 R% m" p5 j" j1 ~} ' L7 K& D3 |& ]* G, n7 M

/ E4 Z8 F2 D/ `0 C# ]1 g

函数名: cos ' k1 X6 B: a3 n. p' | 功 能: 余弦函数 9 G- o, a* s# D$ O' [1 O 用 法: double cos(double x); # J1 |# }# v/ Z F' g0 h' A0 T' S程序例:

5 a6 |, p6 @8 |" Z! o- Z

#include 9 r/ ?/ H5 Z, }: j8 H#include

& U9 o& i4 u2 [

int main(void) 3 B, z5 C0 t6 x& }" }7 W. e, o{ 4 z; f. Z+ J& J1 D% cdouble result; 6 B+ z9 U: c8 O- a' x double x = 0.5;

# r* J) B9 K8 D. u' g

result = cos(x); , P5 J" x" T6 ]/ _% S# u0 Zprintf("The cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); t, G( N4 {8 ?, S7 L return 0; 2 n( ^# k8 i8 J5 ?4 ]! N! P} $ P! W* y1 V* H& o# ^3 }# Q 8 `. B6 b. T# \3 W5 V8 q) l$ z

# v2 h$ G4 B, m) X

函数名: cosh ; K2 e1 Y9 a$ h, x, r' s 功 能: 双曲余弦函数 ( s/ s$ ] Y* u0 K 用 法: dluble cosh(double x); " W D$ T" v% w! @; D* f: | 程序例:

/ W& Y( I- ~) x& Q& ]

#include 3 Y1 C1 ~0 \( x4 B" @3 J+ ^ #include

# r2 g5 {2 z7 \+ ]% [4 S \

int main(void) 0 ^* @$ b' G! o6 j/ X) c{ ( p5 f @5 v/ M( t9 I3 _& v3 ^) P' @ double result; # E" g7 c, d* L+ {0 b8 ^ double x = 0.5;

2 B e k# J0 x3 k) D% i, a

result = cosh(x); / t1 ?) t# u, O. q printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 9 @+ Y7 s& n0 u4 T return 0; / s2 q% ?5 Q( `. y } 2 I9 M' m: x9 q/ _1 h$ ]5 x: t+ x/ {& A* W# j , H. a0 j" G$ L* `/ g4 x

7 k- ^( U, _( v3 p) a6 x1 V/ U

函数名: country 3 m+ X' ?) D+ Y功 能: 返回与国家有关的信息 0 L: t+ g8 ~' L& {- U: _ 用 法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country); 4 P& L* Y/ M7 t& V- d7 t6 L1 \$ u 程序例:

& ^& y0 Q4 G% z9 m* o% {: q

#include 4 h. A7 s, v3 R0 F2 w: k#include

1 E- p7 v1 ]+ ]5 O

#define USA 0

$ V# ~# h' M. I, b+ ~

int main(void) / K& }" R5 o* T { 9 Y. U Q. T3 ^9 A0 `' B' e struct COUNTRY country_info;

. b- h; M- Y) d& s. K" y* f

country(USA, &country_info); 1 U8 ] k2 a% Z# r9 O; k4 mprintf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s\n", # ]8 N. Z6 z' I Scountry_info.co_curr); ; M* N# S6 a, y0 t3 |8 Preturn 0; ( J; o- ]( x$ r6 @ } # g6 [8 V" U; H _$ R% y9 @! i0 M6 R7 w* P0 I5 R" b+ j : ~ k- a$ z D3 P. J

" z w& Q3 N" O1 r5 N' e' M0 \

函数名: cprintf $ Z% V: f; J3 _+ }功 能: 送格式化输出至屏幕 7 p; [2 L( ~7 O5 D. m c9 q用 法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]); 3 E B( ~+ h: c6 `$ S5 r! B0 b3 `程序例:

3 H5 V5 w9 C9 Y5 y

#include

0 |% O L+ a0 u* {

int main(void) % {, \8 A: V! R { ) e" E) K0 y' E6 q% U$ R3 [3 F. N /* clear the screen */ 8 v. p8 h& R% `1 R" i; \ clrscr();

+ A, X- X" _+ e6 d

/* create a text window */ - D3 T9 R8 Z. x& G) G7 ? window(10, 10, 80, 25);

, G: l- d+ o5 g& C2 X5 S: }

/* output some text in the window */ - @% X6 M2 W+ ecprintf("Hello world\r\n");

0 ]3 m* P* p) |0 Z& r) h

/* wait for a key */ 3 D' V3 e1 P0 [6 z8 l; p getch(); 3 i, x7 m" q/ R" B# p* Oreturn 0; 1 w: y2 ^6 t- @' A5 S} 7 J( l, u& g& V* ~ * [( X% a* Y5 Y3 { P7 e , N$ |; J( v6 K

3 \+ N& ^& x+ |4 h8 _2 O

函数名: cputs * g( D* I; T2 ^ 功 能: 写字符到屏幕 " j) |) B9 \7 g* x& \9 X4 B9 B用 法: void cputs(const char *string); 5 k" y. B2 G! o1 ? 程序例:

% H2 G, X) \" t

#include

. N; ^! C4 P' J+ v, [4 R7 V

int main(void) ; S L0 F* v6 F( n{ * f- G" W) P* t& |/ h; _ /* clear the screen */ * P! W" S" b' c/ Q, w# s4 i clrscr();

8 b% d2 X2 Z& q

/* create a text window */ 1 \' F/ d* s4 W( g8 b4 gwindow(10, 10, 80, 25);

/ T: y3 G: R1 K* }4 a+ }) R" x

/* output some text in the window */ # s- U8 W) y/ N, g/ n( e& v& [ cputs("This is within the window\r\n");

1 L% z- T3 i, s, }! G

/* wait for a key */ # B& `- J7 }# |4 J6 l4 N) k. ygetch(); 7 ?; |3 E, \! W" B$ S. @ return 0; 0 ^) F. e) f1 R1 B3 A( m/ L& }. s } . I9 O1 Y l# A7 q) `. z 7 \# B! V) P6 ~; e0 N7 H8 F 7 r$ ^- ^3 i& }0 ]6 p

3 T; G; Y5 Y) x& C3 r, a3 C% V

函数名: _creat creat . E7 s( C8 y7 W" v 功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 % {; i& o. s! e, t: ?用 法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss); - R$ S2 ~4 j( Z$ S+ I% k程序例:

7 s) v* z% U D, m& C% S' _& \: @

#include $ n/ t3 ]# V$ K4 f% l* s) N #include 0 e( l# ]0 k) j1 @; W#include ! H* a- A z6 C) \* q7 u3 i! `#include

^: \: B7 _& Y% g9 ?) F

int main(void) + H- {+ O( m5 d: l+ \" T8 d { / I( _# q" H' aint handle; 0 H3 M4 N. W) C- r char buf[11] = "0123456789";

& `# r! U$ D; T- f) k, c

/* change the default file mode from text to binary */ 8 ^( t+ s2 a& k. M$ g( X8 P _fmode = O_BINARY;

8 Q0 ^' x( r3 w. V, Q

/* create a binary file for reading and writing */ $ a2 n1 Q, d1 u+ Nhandle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

4 Y, p' a6 w! G

/* write 10 bytes to the file */ - m+ G2 d \- w: Q [" O% x0 Jwrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

" X4 n# S% O8 U$ r' K* I Z- _+ U

/* close the file */ # F" R+ s# L) ~' @; X2 [close(handle); " Z7 @$ l2 s/ ^0 b( ereturn 0; % r" e5 V+ s3 x6 ?} ! Q* h' q2 C: I

S3 Q9 S. J. x/ R+ F) S' T

函数名: creatnew 6 }3 `) S/ Q' }1 ~$ |/ r& M 功 能: 创建一个新文件 7 o z1 A4 Q v4 E' f& W# M: B 用 法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib); ! J+ p' ~, ^" n/ m% O/ v$ g; P% N [& C 程序例:

; n( @$ T* ~$ o4 q/ s# S

#include 9 [7 |3 n: J5 z; ^6 ~#include # a. q. {6 b% _; }! e #include + U; O# J& _% j#include & t9 k: U7 d) [* l9 d #include

9 L* _; y# k. \0 b- }

int main(void) + d* \% l: J+ }4 S { / Q: h. U* l- O int handle; # D L$ F% I U7 P! } char buf[11] = "0123456789";

- a/ }3 {' {5 v2 R) s

/* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */ . Z' x2 i3 V" p& t. V" M. khandle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0);

! r5 o" t, H" V

if (handle == -1) ) z- _* \3 l$ r- R printf("DUMMY.FIL already exists.\n"); ' S4 g- l! E& o) d) felse 2 j( A7 s0 }4 I( y& O$ z, W{ ) f; v7 w0 l! {# I% r printf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created.\n"); 9 t. B6 `+ e. n! ?. I! Z write(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); ! a" w0 {) m5 x! O3 A! Y% D& V0 sclose(handle); % c1 X4 C4 K% W5 J} ' s A+ q3 T! P! T. E" ]) ~ return 0; ' X* l8 j8 V$ D( k( R7 F } ! n3 \5 f6 p, m3 S . Z& g \! w9 d. u* R1 f7 n% g9 g+ Q

3 Z! v) L0 p* ]# I

函数名: creattemp : X! a2 _) x" P5 i功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 % {2 \5 @ @' ?8 @8 j# C, B用 法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib); 7 q* r) X. x! ~" [程序例:

- d& M$ O- o) t) e6 J, V* D0 x

#include 9 k* U; z3 V$ C5 N! ~" S #include : l( {- b; C7 |3 Y# U' V, K #include

, b2 ~2 k) K3 V( _

int main(void) 7 k1 p' q0 N8 s. P0 [# C" {% I$ _; Y0 B{ . G3 v1 h/ o) k* a0 N1 u( J4 q int handle; " _. h% i8 C6 K& y5 o; o: X, Kchar pathname[128];

/ _+ R1 w8 Z: Q' J: H* W

strcpy(pathname, "\\");

$ z: K# N3 M# u$ Z; y

/* create a unique file in the root directory */ 7 _( Z9 i8 N$ D4 [/ a0 T handle = creattemp(pathname, 0);

9 R8 ~/ J7 ^1 I: Q+ D, |: V; A

printf("%s was the unique file created.\n", pathname); 7 }* _; M% a. H' j7 y close(handle); 7 F/ h" \) {" i Freturn 0; ) u& u3 I% M* Y; H; V& `1 ]: _5 i } 5 i4 M- W9 n! v2 q& r# k4 N# O" H. T" X , L5 q/ _0 _; C: E1 o0 c+ p, O! C

' j1 [" v# F- J, T& e& B4 }

函数名: cscanf 0 C6 `+ ^2 r/ U功 能: 从控制台执行格式化输入 & C' a+ ]1 ]7 M! K: D& a用 法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]); T6 p. @+ g8 \! C0 U" y$ e 程序例:

- `+ K5 r! L E9 v; O' q: G

#include

! y' _. K: L- I. Y: D _! j

int main(void) 0 N' C1 z( Q7 A: B# M{ , S+ C! S% o* q! c5 Q/ schar string[80];

, S+ H$ @) t) w

/* clear the screen */ 2 ^9 F. j" A6 s& A; R8 r" W, Iclrscr();

$ `9 P$ A5 {& m; u) T! i( A/ }8 ]

/* Prompt the user for input */ ; P, A5 I% y _- A5 Y1 p cprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:");

6 S, k. s& G" }% v9 k: K

/* read the input */ - C& V' ^, }* R% ~& ~cscanf("%s", string);

; I, e( m4 P% L- b; p

/* display what was read */ : ?# f9 d. _+ e; ecprintf("\r\nThe string entered is: %s", string); " C5 c9 U) ?4 |5 F return 0; * [* ]: y" o8 q; Z6 f# i } . I* e, o8 @3 ~1 I8 A. I3 }4 @ " d# Q6 }) i5 _' d8 T! @. u O: y& _- K' F* K& V

! x4 F& C" G& j8 |0 I% M ^

函数名: ctime : _. h/ ` W: c. M0 o; e* K5 }功 能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串 : e" p0 b2 G$ z) @8 Z# } M用 法: char *ctime(const time_t *time); ; l. J- Q8 `5 T+ e- o* b程序例:

6 r7 e! E# l; p! w/ O" |

#include & D, c9 D/ C: o #include

2 u+ L3 z. n' ~5 k. L A

int main(void) 3 S$ G4 H2 a _ { , `+ R$ l9 c* q time_t t;

1 a v# u/ i, p. O+ W. L

time(&t); 7 G/ N/ j ~* t+ _printf("Today's date and time: %s\n", ctime(&t)); . j$ P" ]& q& S$ w2 o/ I$ J% f return 0; 6 D$ M6 ?0 P ^3 K& j } 6 k p, S+ D$ f7 G- Z/ T N u- ]+ x9 b4 `. X I8 M! g' E0 r, T" y

/ y4 Z9 `. t V( m5 a7 a$ Q

函数名: ctrlbrk # o' F; d8 }" y( }& ? 功 能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序 % j# T' m# e7 Z I用 法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void); ) ?. |5 o; L$ k 程序例:

* f+ J. h ~0 X8 u2 X, u

#include 8 ], n% x3 O6 N) | q4 u! P$ o #include

- o! ?1 h# h/ P! E

#define ABORT 0

5 a# X! ?- P( b3 n

int c_break(void) 1 J: W8 d' E& l{ ( R. c0 O0 r* v5 J+ I. k2 q5 G' bprintf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting ...\n"); . d) C& s0 v0 ]2 kreturn (ABORT); ( j& f. G3 l. H }

- |; T- N ]% ]6 V" D" }. {

int main(void) & E9 Z% h9 W" y+ ?/ Q{ : q% U8 U; H, O4 ], O X4 bctrlbrk(c_break); 3 O6 e. s; c2 i, y for(;;) + R i1 m8 ]0 ^: _; s# l { # B3 D5 T1 ^- [ printf("Looping... Press to quit:\n"); H' Y( K5 \/ H} * ~' n% |2 @- x, A return 0; 9 B5 e+ ~ N: S# Y) H }

zan
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    2011-11-12 11:04
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