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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 6 e8 Y, V' a2 f' P- S! o- c- ?% `
/* display the gray scale */ " x3 h+ z, t7 G' b
ht = getmaxy() / 16; 5 M) y1 x5 n9 c8 ^7 k" M
xmax = getmaxx();
8 q# o% M9 E* B4 `* s' \y = 0;
* y2 a x' i5 t" b6 Lfor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
+ ?3 K* q7 u vsetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); - Y6 a9 ~6 ^* }. o
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht);
y += ht; $ l2 V8 k% G& s: C) r
} ! M M( X% q. ?7 o) t8 |: v% p
/* clean up */ $ q# y* v4 G# v) `, }0 E1 [' [
getch(); V2 w N8 F- V# r5 M
closegraph(); * L9 O; e+ G# I5 M( y% i; i
return 0;
$ z$ r4 G6 }% z6 P4 `$ M0 c) z}
2 J4 e* h7 Q7 \4 _7 F& E8 o% j c6 [' F) {% u
, K" D: g1 a) X

2 S! Q1 J7 i% A, t. b函数名: settextjustify 
9 @- N' t; c( Z. @9 C' d) ~功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 7 h( x+ `8 {6 B
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); + y0 c3 I' w! J" n. Y9 B4 _4 G
程序例: . B# V0 s. W8 [9 j, L0 r
#include <GRAPHICS.H>* ^5 ]. d+ X) P; e# J, a. r! }
#include <STDLIB.H>9 _: a. H2 K2 O$ q. e( W9 T
#include <STDIO.H>0 X, Q' Z3 ?+ K* ?( ?; B: r* |2 M
#include <CONIO.H>. c8 w; m" w8 N: t+ \4 M
/* function prototype */
1 {, r' R+ D- c: Uvoid xat(int x, int y); / ~ v8 h$ ]. Z/ s. }# ~ H+ M. X9 G
/* horizontal text justification settings */ * M$ V2 U+ Y' q- ^
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", 0 o% o- _1 K) T6 {& _+ O" |, E$ ?& b
"CENTER_TEXT",
6 U( K. b) p! J6 K- k"RIGHT_TEXT" & _5 C1 U* c0 s8 ^5 d5 p* u
}; 
' k( g j! o: \& {; I/* vertical text justification settings */ 0 d. |( y; O$ b$ h9 g
char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
8 R( O/ e) h" T6 d: W"CENTER_TEXT",
* Q9 Z4 v$ {, o) r"RIGHT_TEXT"
0 }( O: z* S" r6 H/ t+ |* \}; 
0 A8 Y0 ~% {6 R- T8 E2 T7 Q0 fint main(void) * W4 s6 {+ E2 W9 g9 `
{
6 B; l4 v" [/ a& ^7 Y9 n4 Q/* request auto detection */ 8 y- r" Q# t5 I0 r: N
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; * z; [9 _$ {' D( ?
int midx, midy, hj, vj;
2 [3 T v6 ?& |. }5 C6 Uchar msg[80]; 
! g' P: @: W6 L, j5 N% ?5 q" ?# E/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 9 R0 ^# e$ D. B5 u3 w" x$ Q
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : r Q' s9 S+ p$ B! _
/* read result of initialization */ 7 c6 w9 E/ ]* I# b( D% U4 Y
errorcode = graphresult();
: s0 V* E9 ]; h. tif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ : z. ^6 ]& z% C' S" m
{ # f. x8 ~/ ^1 U8 q! D
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; p& y/ D, @" ?) o( ^0 [- Pprintf("Press any key to halt:");
 W6 T1 y* |$ y( ^4 P# Z% Agetch();
0 Z; v* Q# O8 H2 F# a G: `) cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
# L+ P# X0 ?9 J+ O* a6 E3 H} ) }# G& U2 }8 H( i/ o7 G, v* ]
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 0 G# C' r% g% {1 @7 P! N H( [
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ' H! D$ A" ~1 q$ D" y
/* loop through text justifications */
( U5 G7 D5 P- C$ @. K% {% }for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) 5 v! S3 e* \, |9 v! j* l& o6 u' H
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
" ]" q2 o, m' B% O$ n{ * i6 @" m( _7 w* z/ M" B$ P
cleardevice();
" i$ t6 ?! u3 J" s( j- r, p/* set the text justification */ 4 Q7 y% O$ c- Z) s. a# g+ J1 ^3 Y
settextjustify(hj, vj); 9 a0 m9 i/ o) w' D+ s+ M
/* create a message string */ + h7 _5 k3 b# C3 I2 G9 o
sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 4 i" q. x3 b; W3 [) [! x8 w
/* create cross hairs on the screen */ + M: [! {! V3 }6 l9 ~: }
xat(midx, midy); 
. s# v+ J* I# V3 a& u7 S- Q- V% ]/* output the message */
$ j, N1 B$ F4 [outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
 y) I1 d8 { y0 F4 t# R0 W! N [getch();
: w G q$ q7 T5 S+ b} * C3 T) l) ^: E1 U, Q$ r/ u# g
/* clean up */
1 g: d& Y& w& `& z' e pclosegraph(); - J7 \, l; |$ G7 }, M
return 0; ; l7 W/ {$ N5 R6 e
} 1 P2 \+ z. k" g
/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ 5 B8 Y) b( c2 C+ q& Y4 W
void xat(int x, int y)
' a. ]" q2 H; o6 g{ # o8 A- c, z+ ?9 E5 [; r" X: b
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); ! d$ d1 @, {% h, u, E5 Y0 I
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
0 t5 P2 o" c! X5 f} " S* \5 n2 a* L) g! L4 z8 I

" c0 \$ S' G" A( Q+ q9 n
: ~! C" T2 G+ X) K函数名: settextstyle 
0 u9 h/ I* R7 k0 C- v' @# \功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 4 j7 c) h7 o8 l$ n
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
4 \ c' l: }, }' _3 g程序例: 
' P+ r6 v$ p6 x2 V1 t#include <GRAPHICS.H>$ F% N5 B, C7 ?9 N% r, E( j
#include <STDLIB.H>
5 J$ g, ^( F. C% {. t& v& c#include <STDIO.H>. i$ P" y& N& { m2 I1 d; u0 [
#include <CONIO.H>
: D. H8 \' e6 A+ [7 O1 b/* the names of the text styles supported */
& g8 L6 V8 m% E% o3 Achar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", + g3 u9 S( J3 g, ^; k" V% E! R
"TRIPLEX font",
# i; J, ?) @6 ]# K8 Q8 @) j"SMALL font",
# B+ J: j9 i3 g$ m- N9 `, B"SANS SERIF font",
( | q( ~: H9 Q- T"GOTHIC font"
* v$ v) c* G. y7 C2 R0 ^}; 0 N1 K& u3 [" Y Z# r) w
int main(void)
. C5 f" q: S$ {9 O. R{
5 _! x- } x2 |+ N/* request auto detection */ . u' T( A# ^/ S' G! i
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
1 w+ I2 } ^. o3 d, j kint style, midx, midy;
- \% ?4 w2 T9 ]" `8 @int size = 1; ! o$ B( i. Q3 a: [) [& E1 a
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
0 N; y+ Y+ Y0 i5 cinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
8 i/ E* B" ]# P/* read result of initialization */
" e: j" ?. n5 m2 o+ l$ ?' o/ derrorcode = graphresult(); * {# ?9 b3 K3 w1 Z! W
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ( r2 C( J: U Z$ X
{ " b$ j* y& K C8 G" b7 u5 C
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. _: M1 S. M8 y+ |) ^printf("Press any key to halt:"); ' `3 V& a @, [) ^$ `8 @1 v
getch();
9 U$ r8 U" w5 t( p" @exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
0 K5 H: Y/ [& e: m7 W( C} 
' w/ l+ V u" x9 y3 @7 Qmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
3 v0 m7 T# m8 n9 T, f A0 u9 {midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/ {& T0 w+ v$ p6 A9 ~' }settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 9 P7 ~: y# X5 t
/* loop through the available text styles */
6 S5 V$ Q2 S) d# H* i$ Q! ?for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 1 r$ N- D N4 \( j8 B3 S4 d2 U
{ 3 J9 a( p; ]1 V" O/ k+ ^$ X
cleardevice(); 7 O) Z) L! |: e( I" s
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) ; [! m) u+ W/ C' g' j; t
size = 4; 
2 v1 | t3 S$ o- i4 ]6 E5 _/* select the text style */ $ C: |# i' ?& }) }" U4 w. _7 C
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
$ o2 l7 e: Q( o: H/* output a message */ 8 V, m5 W8 E( ?
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 6 b+ ~6 P* q' j4 L9 v
getch();
9 G( u, r7 M0 F F! y} ; q: u2 S t& B4 e
/* clean up */ " b" O1 @' m. {5 V( Y* m* d
closegraph(); ) Q6 p; M6 W( a2 b
return 0;
' B9 P1 _1 W: W/ U( ?+ F}
( f" Z. P% x% U' }; y* n0 a) e5 U4 B, x8 M' J2 j. `5 W! A8 ^1 B

8 a* ~, a3 a1 M6 r" b函数名: settextstyle 
# Q* S" N: _$ o! m7 Y功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
7 y' y$ v( F- U用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
; E! L( n3 R' P4 J程序例: 0 S0 c/ }. U2 ?7 h: j* h) h
#include <GRAPHICS.H># s; {5 i( |" N
#include <STDLIB.H>
& A, | a( t, A v#include <STDIO.H>
 K8 H' S _; ^8 @# x#include <CONIO.H>$ b5 B. n4 D# C% U, [
/* the names of the text styles supported */
) A: Q$ Y5 B4 `: @char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
" }2 l6 a9 s* G: d& ]- A2 q"TRIPLEX font",
, } d! w$ v H! O& p6 f"SMALL font", . q1 D b# W4 q- j) n
"SANS SERIF font", ' n, j# l' u; ^# O+ o& Q
"GOTHIC font" * T7 ~ a9 f8 O
}; 9 L2 q$ M# k$ R1 ^- J1 a6 C) s
int main(void) 5 L/ A) ~% u6 M2 i% v+ C
{ $ T1 l' f g7 D L; x/ G
/* request auto detection */
7 z1 Y" \( W/ Z b( O9 {8 fint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , N/ K( k N& K, w& i$ ]. @
int style, midx, midy; . M0 e" M/ o, ?, u
int size = 1; ) E9 e1 o7 ?# j) p
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 1 n, W8 p- z. g! Q. c
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
2 C0 W- b$ l7 |+ |- I3 G( W/* read result of initialization */
$ z8 s) `3 ^8 [& a0 gerrorcode = graphresult(); $ V+ {) ^# e. m9 c! w
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
+ K, f; ?9 `1 ~( ]{ 0 Q# W( x# a& [ f% n
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 0 Z0 e7 f: I% t1 ]& U1 w2 V
printf("Press any key to halt:");
+ K' y1 v8 F3 W3 Vgetch();
: s( }6 S- i' q; A/ Aexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
8 w9 `' C) R0 z" z; P} 
$ L. Y3 M% p3 r( E5 {$ U1 Hmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
7 _. m4 h9 {( J7 W3 ] Z) Hmidy = getmaxy() / 2; $ ?0 M# Q3 }- f! y" R3 Y
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
& k ?7 n2 H- B- B8 P0 T9 f/* loop through the available text styles */
/ @+ Z2 L, g- s' o# j9 rfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 5 D* n+ ]' U& x1 W
{
, y! G0 r1 j8 O$ B5 ccleardevice(); * }9 {4 l: d+ C8 i1 a
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) : i3 {! e( I. \+ W8 s
size = 4; ' z( [5 z6 W% S/ R. I( x( O. j
/* select the text style */ 6 M3 ?5 E3 d( i7 R4 k% K9 x
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
( _" T8 t9 b' V$ {5 P/* output a message */ / i( p4 l/ u# V+ @& B
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); ! h1 b5 O% | k: m$ [# I
getch(); , k: u8 i8 b0 H
} 
$ R P$ C2 D$ J/* clean up */
/ }; D0 o( ]& o: ]9 ^; v8 Vclosegraph(); & B% ~+ e9 H6 t o% J0 C
return 0;
( y) K# \8 }" o7 U( V( ]5 n3 Q/ {} 
: y- ?; Z% @0 {% R
8 K; S/ G& C" y% H, [0 e9 l7 ~# _' Y g' e
函数名: settime * X4 u0 |& m9 a) N
功能: 设置系统时间 5 j3 A9 [* k: k1 o& L
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); # J+ V: M- K4 {5 ~
程序例: 4 [6 V4 l9 @* m$ o7 l# A
#include <STDIO.H>
2 m" ?9 G, r/ K# q% l#include <DOS.H>+ w5 L+ D" V4 m4 Y
int main(void)
! v" ]4 t% t. V- @" n4 ~/ w{
 X7 a6 D8 v. g4 ^struct time t; 
; N: ~! t% W6 E; R2 @0 K; wgettime(&t);
: `3 z9 v# T7 X2 u& kprintf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
2 g' j1 N* z# V# l4 h: ]; Vprintf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
4 B! o; @$ N. i: {printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); 6 S5 |: l% X% A8 c1 C
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); * g/ H& T% M% u: _
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */ 2 Q: C6 b6 |; `( ^! I% d
t.ti_min++;
4 X" y4 z' K( z* @" _+ f7 Rsettime(&t); 
( H M v" P% s# kreturn 0; 8 {6 A; s: L/ s5 {2 v, {
} ; h) ~! C7 Q, i4 ?8 c. m t
1 o, K; }8 B! V' P' e5 _
0 {, ]) r/ N+ u! I M% N( {; b
函数名: setusercharsize - a& W3 H# h- k( U; f+ p
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
/ s. p# E5 `: F h. {用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); ; {9 g/ ~% }) _, x0 b7 }: {
程序例: " ^5 X& C% p+ D6 t0 T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>" N7 ]9 @; \7 Z8 V$ @8 V9 C9 _8 w
#include <STDLIB.H>0 s+ I) {9 s, n: a
#include <STDIO.H>
+ c! S$ R; R% T# z* I#include <CONIO.H>
6 P' {: a% R- F$ _' Tint main(void)
2 [/ E4 n! b& h: Y{
' r& Y2 m6 b m/* request autodetection */
, y# D3 Q! F9 b/ s: P; j* V% P$ n4 _int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; / F& }% J% S- e1 f6 i8 K$ S
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / c F7 Z' |8 ?3 S
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
) k- N' X, \3 g; C. N) x/* read result of initialization */ 1 ]# s7 P: o8 u. O+ j
errorcode = graphresult(); - \* e( }, V& R4 k [
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # G2 o0 Q% K' X) `9 P( {4 ` B
{
3 j9 g5 O& v, t' ~printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % a: k g8 J( J* o9 t
printf("Press any key to halt:");
6 Y t! c7 |! qgetch(); 8 J- d i( [" d; b( r) |" p
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
' o# |$ a: [! P; s3 Z3 I* {} 
& I: K/ u* [8 U1 D3 J# a/* select a text style */ 8 ~8 x s" G F$ ^3 K
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); * g: p/ j5 f, h3 ^$ [5 {# ^
/* move to the text starting position */ / f v+ w$ U- z6 q8 n; v
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); ) X* O( e* i" e) I: d$ o0 a. `
/* output some normal text */
/ v; o# [ @) b$ A& Vouttext("Norm "); 
; M, t& Y: r* e' l |: h; ]. k/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
0 e" a7 D. o- v% tsetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); 1 J' p0 q) ^5 {. X, j
outtext("Short "); ' Y5 N' Z3 k/ v& q* g2 T6 t
/* make the text 3 times normal width */ 0 H' P( d7 Z ~+ V6 T; X
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
" a0 E5 v5 z8 `outtext("Wide"); 
& c* P8 ^- \* `. ^. _7 \6 h% V" q/* clean up */ ( g: x z/ A4 |- H4 W& s
getch(); * r3 d$ |% j* {8 [% S- Y
closegraph();
# p2 I% x0 o$ k9 T i e+ lreturn 0; + o, i# @- o5 m& x1 e3 R
} . s4 {+ \5 ~, ], n
9 x! _9 A8 u. o/ |# }. Z* x( `
函数名: setvbuf 
( N' ?5 r/ g' n* L" k+ _4 s& H功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
$ {+ P$ H/ \' Z3 d" t5 Z/ f用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); $ \1 |8 M2 H6 o ~
程序例: 
/ s% r" Q5 r6 p! `% v$ D; }#include <STDIO.H># H X: ?% t5 v, v+ l
int main(void) 5 W) _; R% j* t
{ ) o1 k, B2 p; k$ K9 {; h
FILE *input, *output;
; P# {. ]. P9 Q: Tchar bufr[512]; . M4 @$ y0 ^) s8 E8 i% v A" @: {
input = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); $ o( r; x/ l: X1 Y/ ~4 r) \
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); 
0 \ H, U$ G4 T+ d/ H4 k/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, $ H9 R% v t5 h' R
using our own character buffer */
& x5 e$ p# x: p8 d; Iif (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
$ C9 ?" ]+ n2 L1 o: ~printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n"); / `8 m, `; B* \) G
else & _" f( c2 |. s( o1 a" d
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
; n) R0 N& v4 a& i/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that + v& }' X2 c, t" {" G8 R5 a& D
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
7 I A. ]$ N+ y3 f+ R+ u; iif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
$ @6 H% T7 H; b+ U; Pprintf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); 9 N% e' k4 M) D
else
. x3 F% Z* z7 M5 U" nprintf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
 e# {$ M, O: n/* perform file I/O here */ 0 @9 {$ ~$ D/ o2 E
/* close files */
! J4 V$ R* B- G Wfclose(input);
6 U( a$ q- I8 Vfclose(output);
5 X" E3 W6 w* ~7 rreturn 0; * d+ P' S0 F) _; p! k0 H
}
* Y: X j1 j' S) N0 r8 o! }# I7 [+ A1 p3 G, A7 b9 U: [
& E1 {$ p, w3 L' o
3 F: H9 Y. A8 O( K t
函数名: setvect 
' g; f0 i) x8 _ ]' p功能: 设置中断矢量入口
 L: R% k Z; r' G! g* ^+ w用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); ; e5 [! s. w% b3 N$ ^$ D
程序例: 
, T6 k, c2 b6 l8 u) D2 b3 j# A/***NOTE:
# E3 o X" Z; L* eThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this 0 Q( ^$ r. Y- }
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable 6 u* z( n4 Y+ ^5 y0 O
file which will operate correctly. */ 
' K# g/ ^- O1 S$ _$ ]% [' }. n& f#include <STDIO.H>
7 q2 `, p* A+ q' K0 [1 d#include <DOS.H>
4 v* C2 s6 B8 H" _#include <CONIO.H>: j8 A2 t" l- q2 X
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
: H/ g0 W( w2 I! C! X6 h8 avoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 6 h) Q2 M) S5 S
int count=0; 5 W/ v* G% e G5 F
void interrupt handler(void) ! F8 c, K$ P* X) ?: h( P0 q
{ $ M: V6 c" ]% I/ B ]$ F' F
/* increase the global counter */
9 C8 j4 q* X% Y1 ^count++; ' y% T! H$ |2 a# a' Z
/* call the old routine */
" [4 O& W6 H: P+ X' X1 y6 \- ^- loldhandler(); ! @ N9 v( V% t5 v: v+ O
} 4 b. e" @8 k0 Y, x5 {: H9 _
int main(void) / X! Z4 }+ u `" |
{ + g* o: k/ Z9 F5 Q6 I N0 g4 f/ n
/* save the old interrupt vector */ & e* ~* S+ `9 ^
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 9 h) V+ r6 u3 t- o9 l! I4 j A3 q) ?& N1 Z
/* install the new interrupt handler */
- V* a5 b' Y1 _$ B2 F+ Nsetvect(INTR, handler); 
8 y0 |5 q4 C( d- D6 M$ H* m/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
6 {) \' }7 A |- s' A" jwhile (count < 20) ; |" T3 S8 j/ y. A8 i% z* z
printf("count is %d\n",count); + ~& C* q, `! {
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
# K3 e( Z8 U: Xsetvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
7 e1 t8 l1 ~: o" Dreturn 0;
4 z5 V) f7 X0 f7 o}
! E( H9 u0 W. D6 x3 _% L$ a2 S; U4 R$ w
, z) o; P; {. @/ h5 K/ }
函数名: setverify 
, ~% b Z. u6 `5 s8 t0 w. R. ]功能: 设置验证状态 & H) [! v. }# {: I9 a! Z5 J( p1 u
用法: void setverify(int value);
4 J" Q6 s# u! m0 D; Z9 s程序例: 
* g4 Z% b) ^2 @) L# m. U#include <STDIO.H>0 t5 A+ `# }/ E9 }; Y0 f8 E
#include <CONIO.H>2 e8 k% f, h; N2 ]4 r
#include <DOS.H>
; t8 N5 q+ ^5 i9 sint main(void)
1 ~) C5 B P: o1 G{
( u" g) N1 z, g" E: J" aint verify_flag; * g% M% |& w" `. O
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
. \: I1 q1 y. h- l& p. l6 Kprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 5 N+ _& |+ f! P* _5 F1 U6 {
verify_flag = getch() - 0; ) x! t- c& G3 t1 f4 m4 e/ [& \
setverify(verify_flag); 
9 p4 R& B- `; I# Q7 f0 Lif (getverify())
$ x5 \" \ t5 b" q9 ~0 Lprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
, [* a6 x9 t; Q- x, p/ t3 p- relse
7 a# |% r. p; Q, f Cprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
5 @" e: [, f% w' s& Y" B. W* g' g* ~return 0; / G) P$ y: h; }- y: B7 n
}
. n$ q# c2 U1 T0 y: Z$ Q+ t1 v
5 ]. B2 E, @- I( }4 H% j" m
函数名: setviewport 2 ` j! K8 F+ D* H
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
9 J, _; J0 o' k+ ~! \! X4 @5 \用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
* W/ V6 t @9 B" `& x$ B% fint bottom, int clipflag);
7 e( S3 l1 l1 r/ ^程序例: ! b8 S( o- N: r# Q
#include <GRAPHICS.H>; q: p4 k4 {& g$ F
#include <STDLIB.H>0 f/ K/ I: C) K2 p
#include <STDIO.H>. [2 \$ B6 B9 Y" y. n" n/ N
#include <CONIO.H>
7 Z* U; f4 q" C8 P% Y#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ & g% v: z. ?( h/ d' j
int main(void) . Q5 |$ l# X& j; x6 i$ G4 A
{
: a5 C: O9 ]8 h) `9 M2 D% {. m9 Z/* request auto detection */ 4 J+ B5 t2 {: J9 z
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 6 M/ k* H/ V9 D0 D" p0 }
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ : S; W: C, t) x& l; c. L
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
' @1 z" j; ]( B f. m' Q/* read result of initialization */
. U7 o, e& X" ]9 C0 z7 z: Y5 R+ jerrorcode = graphresult();
& Y2 _" N6 x: l/ Zif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ - V6 v. a+ q+ f. X2 O, j
{
# l. w: D# P( u- X; N% }, fprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . a$ J; w+ m e7 }8 \5 a' S
printf("Press any key to halt:");
0 o( ]$ }8 ]! V8 J* \3 U& L9 J5 Ggetch(); . Q2 `( b- H c4 |9 u" Z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 \# ?5 @7 F1 D$ y4 m
} : P% @2 t2 u1 Q4 M/ p) r, f
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 7 T4 i4 x' ^: b0 }4 U
/* message in default full-screen viewport */ # { Y/ b) \6 M+ `, H' Z8 k- l
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
6 ]2 i0 |$ {3 ^ ?0 U/* create a smaller viewport */ 4 {: z% f, E5 C. k
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); $ `' l6 s8 E F& l; c8 I9 D
/* display some text */ o9 r1 x- T3 p! D* u/ K6 l. t: d
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 
& ~: B# X, S1 p! H/* clean up */
8 Z& y1 O! K' {8 c! ?getch(); & X9 J, u; q+ }2 | H, j9 Z
closegraph();
! {0 e" p7 M3 m4 creturn 0;
' T N( y8 G# T} 1 Z( t! }4 o6 y% c6 c9 D
* r- \6 {. B4 H) [! W5 f, j( ?
, o- l! x) B3 A* Y8 R1 A- ^) F6 }
函数名: setvisualpage / Y h! ~' @" O1 u* k
功能: 设置可见图形页号
8 L3 S# P+ R7 f1 ^; {$ F用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); + R/ T& l1 D# Z, m# O$ A1 T3 x
程序例: & J3 Q# q* b$ ] ^# |3 h7 L8 B5 J
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
8 u6 o# |, }& ^ E#include <STDLIB.H>
0 M$ m$ f2 T/ h( G/ O: r#include <STDIO.H>
5 S& M V+ M {5 S" D& {$ y#include <CONIO.H>
/ `( G4 ^. O# n6 y @2 o4 Iint main(void)
% l6 Z" v( u. P7 ^1 x$ c{
7 c: h9 ?9 `* w6 C5 q1 @; h( V/* select a driver and mode that supports */ 1 F4 F/ w* H- m% Z) f3 G4 s0 l ~
/* multiple pages. */
3 N% A- F! z, ^int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
% w( M1 Y5 R+ g9 H, }0 J0 {5 N# Nint x, y, ht; 
# w! v/ B! R/ Q& F/ S( e/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 {1 W/ W% A" y5 z' X
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 7 z/ u4 e7 V2 Q( \
/* read result of initialization */
5 R0 }. G3 p5 A) `& b0 aerrorcode = graphresult(); ! n: `% L0 Q3 D/ K( P
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
! x. s& U" o' m3 {{
; e0 Y% |; H. B; t6 jprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 5 Y2 X6 F0 ~" e# h5 m
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 8 H+ o. Z( W2 z! q( V
getch();
4 Y) C5 h9 Q( zexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ # t8 f8 _6 N) i1 Z* m
} * V' L' c. k" _' q: F; a! ~ A0 {8 s3 L
x = getmaxx() / 2; 4 Y Y" |% _- g9 Z% g6 t
y = getmaxy() / 2;
% n0 }6 V2 \ Q+ `1 u1 Nht = textheight("W"); 
+ G! u( z0 O0 e' u/ N/* select the off screen page for drawing */
% G( y4 U7 {* U& E+ k6 ]setactivepage(1); 9 G# \! h5 T8 ]7 A% C2 t' I
/* draw a line on page #1 */ $ S# v$ I! K/ a/ I$ v! O6 H2 q
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); / b1 T1 X y7 n
/* output a message on page #1 */ 9 @, m# I4 Z5 M& ^2 P4 e1 g
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
6 S" N" B+ E& J0 j. Z/ B9 C, aouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
* ~7 M* M4 ]: ?+ j: L" z/* select drawing to page #0 */
0 w7 p. L( n" o6 Esetactivepage(0); : B/ {, _% f6 B* _
/* output a message on page #0 */
8 A: T7 W. p( Nouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
$ Y; T' T) F* S) ?9 Eouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
. h, [ ]0 R8 h& Wgetch(); 5 D4 o/ l! x, U: O" h
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
5 V2 T7 a# I. x$ N' v+ P: Z- nsetvisualpage(1); ! w4 R; l5 R) z* C( d
/* clean up */ o; J' x' {; k4 G
getch(); * M1 q+ T) v; M
closegraph(); 7 K' f5 R U t, F
return 0; / r* G- f- Q4 J) b) |
} % {' i* U1 F$ w! \. o: P( v

6 |+ Q0 X2 @9 M0 ^7 h3 `) z
8 I- T4 E' q$ h# V函数名: setwritemode 7 {1 s6 e& v O J: @8 t+ u
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式
; m M5 P" U' ^9 U用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); , c* y- k* R0 `7 V6 \- {: H
程序例: * r7 K0 _5 o, Q* i/ |/ ~6 \
#include <GRAPHICS.H>4 J( d) M* P7 w: e& s
#include <STDLIB.H>& }3 ]' |5 U( l
#include <STDIO.H>9 z; |: d, y4 L" |
#include <CONIO.H>
0 O! M3 }& i: d" C8 ]int main()
5 P4 w% T. J/ E+ M{
: Q7 y9 h E, R& _/* request auto detection */
 s+ p+ Q0 [- L, Jint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; - Y( I6 r9 N1 M+ d# P8 B
int xmax, ymax; 
% x' E) N# a+ I7 n% T2 H/ C; A3 |/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( U; [! C& v w6 iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
( ^* w a, B* t& {# y0 {% {9 ^/* read result of initialization */
+ b/ _* K) c- F; P6 x eerrorcode = graphresult();
( y& y& T) I X% i7 p2 kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
# I5 ~/ U* U' X$ J5 G{ Q U) c( i3 O9 C
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ! d" D4 @3 s: x
printf("Press any key to halt:");
4 _1 X# M/ v) e! W# s2 ~8 N2 F6 ggetch();
! X: Q0 z5 ~3 D6 v( F1 d _) e% Hexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 9 e: h; @2 B0 W4 \+ C& s* q; W
} ) z+ t" {& U/ }) W) g' @2 G
xmax = getmaxx();
8 O* F; H% L5 n3 G- _6 }ymax = getmaxy(); 
6 W& n7 h: Q2 ?5 ?' R o v/* select XOR drawing mode */ * L) ^0 n# a5 r+ d- C1 y
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); 0 y) D! I) M4 @' P6 _# |6 b
/* draw a line */ % M- r. K# H: b
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
' Y, V% E: G; B6 o; p5 n- Dgetch(); # A$ b$ T0 X4 b" D( a4 _1 [3 E- T
/* erase the line by drawing over it */
1 F) ]9 z" L. lline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); - b1 ?. G6 y; H; v
getch(); Q. p* j$ ]( O2 y) R' K3 H
/* select overwrite drawing mode */ 2 c! D: N" `* r5 u/ M
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); 8 a m: [% L& \' u9 c, O
/* draw a line */ 5 d: A' W) o* m1 E9 [/ j& o9 r
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 1 W) `4 }: A- H% X
/* clean up */
* G' \* |( y5 x3 D& vgetch();
' P3 ? w3 L9 [+ E0 Cclosegraph();
) D% z1 S [6 T; y6 Jreturn 0; % Q3 @" Y$ J" r# L' ^2 E" }
}
( c2 U9 H- S# e% D8 A
5 l& U6 `, C) M/ i' `6 a- _, K/ X( U) m
函数名: signal
6 y' s" w7 ?& v1 w# y功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
! [7 _9 w j0 o ^8 B2 J: j9 f用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
+ @2 J: O" H+ `" L" {, F$ U) Z程序例: 
5 r( e3 G" \; G9 l0 h, u/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, 5 x) {8 X8 m9 t: ]
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
* v9 a0 `) A$ P, {to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
1 O7 F c8 [ lyour computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors ' y0 ?5 a1 q4 T3 j) W
depending on which memory model is used. : D9 J G2 n) q# @" ?2 g6 k; ?
*/ ( n8 L" ]' o7 s" O! f) Z& A) P) M
#pragma inline 7 h: Q$ H8 n4 b& l: P& H# X
#include <STDIO.H>
, t( _4 r5 x- w#include <SIGNAL.H>+ N0 D6 K; q4 N9 P8 S4 b% a T
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
1 c: v6 g! a( c" k7 \{ $ b/ J* v: j* n5 M9 d
printf("Caught it!\n"); 0 t) b7 X/ n& _- G! q
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
8 N5 R! ]6 B. X& x1 d} 
2 L: i2 A/ E1 C: S+ [3 Kint main(void)
* A: F* j T$ ^* E{ / B- y. C3 |: C' m t
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); - k5 `" J. J4 C7 X2 w0 U, I
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
) X$ t q: ?8 X4 h6 A8 \3 Q, F3 Rasm inc ax /* cause overflow */
/ z2 H. b" u* S& A" \4 v8 R% hasm into /* activate handler */ M. I2 ~( d+ [ j
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, $ P( M, s5 c$ q
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' 1 E7 H! M9 G: Q: O9 K! i
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ ) Y9 m9 Z* C0 g5 T8 U
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
+ \# h1 n9 t. U' y E+ a9 hasm into /* doesn't activate */ 0 }) \* @" |& w/ i! i$ Y( e
return 0; ! Q [! |. ?! a+ m7 T
}
+ k& h# ?! P- C
6 A& \" M0 J$ M9 c
5 v( ?$ b% q3 W' c, @- g2 J: D, ^+ T. ?' ^6 M+ L/ h8 m8 L h
函数名: sin 
# C7 s4 x* |: l8 {- @功能: 正弦函数 " h) y, v& ^' G0 {
用法: double sin(double x); * f0 L, W2 ?8 W8 ]* [
程序例: # Z' q; W! p E2 d- l" ?+ ^
#include <STDIO.H>6 t4 ~5 ~. \+ Y8 c! k% r
#include <MATH.H>
2 @( D. K6 B H0 G+ ]( Iint main(void)
8 K) e J1 U* F2 L: d2 Y{ 5 S- y( h6 _6 l; `! g
double result, x = 0.5; 
4 p: h" q+ b- i4 Q0 zresult = sin(x); , C3 d8 B4 o% V7 n h4 E
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
 @9 [; U6 y9 d; ?* _return 0;
) j$ y* J( s, T U! I2 r- u+ B- d} . G# E9 Q0 H( ~8 |
: f' H6 R( u5 K" @

) J/ ]0 d6 ?$ ~' f7 H函数名: sinh $ k, V; \. e( R& B
功能: 双曲正弦函数 $ c1 D4 q/ P9 D7 U2 m
用法: double sinh(double x);
( X5 P. @8 j6 q8 v, u程序例: $ d& @* x9 i$ n2 ^3 _
#include <STDIO.H>
$ @0 k9 b4 A" X! r; n#include <MATH.H>: b3 ^; @: y. C& F
int main(void)
' p/ a0 a, S( J4 }# ]2 n i{
( t e- h) y, |' M7 @9 ldouble result, x = 0.5; 7 \2 ~: W0 ]: ^9 u! {
result = sinh(x);
/ M2 e- ]3 J8 R o4 D9 C, ?7 z/ Qprintf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
( K. K% T. i5 qreturn 0; ! f. f; c6 g% U; J6 W
}
- {! h, |8 K; o4 ?: ~) n
' T4 U5 A- B, Q. J* {) p: H, `8 @0 U8 a* y S# ]; {
$ M5 p" I O: K0 C# Z: b, j
函数名: sleep d, ~6 G- u' k1 f4 d, G- H- o8 R- v
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 + A1 ^: C$ F( g) J4 B. V
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
0 P- F7 [! A/ N+ J程序例: 
& z! Q o3 P. M) |#include <DOS.H>3 O- p' f3 W. K7 @! j! t
#include <STDIO.H>9 M/ q2 t u* G% u
int main(void) + ~/ g+ S; u9 a& c2 f0 A/ W
{ # x; V. K7 a: _9 H/ D% [) }
int i; 
9 q1 P B0 C4 zfor (i=1; i<5; i++)
. q( s9 F2 q9 k1 q$ ~- c6 A{ & P" p) S4 z" j* m
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); 1 Q7 u0 w, l/ A7 E9 q4 x0 X' G; j% k
sleep(i);
& O+ Q3 \% F- N} 3 M0 L6 M* q( |3 g3 ^
return 0; , |1 K i3 f8 ?. g: G0 |# t1 _
}
( m: U/ p( [" t5 r) ]- y
9 m7 p: o/ S% f$ C6 L% T) S& }9 ?) d* m3 G

! t( v _. s3 { x3 |函数名: sopen 
( k, H$ h6 w' w. n功能: 打开一共享文件 + w0 g$ i' w6 p2 U6 ?1 {
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
; P0 W% u# u9 B+ W% v3 h/ w) F- Y程序例: 
. c- O- Z6 {+ I8 h$ }3 i8 T2 t- h2 i2 R#include <IO.H>
 d7 J5 C# N. }1 j. N9 D#include <FCNTL.H>+ b) C) d$ M0 D% t7 t/ k/ t
#include <SYS\STAT.H>$ N4 u! t! C: u- Q; v6 n
#include <PROCESS.H>
& z _5 ]( z0 g$ ^& }#include <SHARE.H>9 R0 j6 @& ] a9 I P2 N* l
#include <STDIO.H>
3 a7 E! T+ n$ o* ^! H" I5 qint main(void)
" c! S( V; X. `{ ' ^. i( t K. j, w3 Q
int handle; 0 B$ Z) Z6 l: b1 Q9 L0 o
int status; 
6 ?- C1 A( v- ~$ ihandle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
" c1 l2 L& m! Aif (!handle) / k9 B+ @6 L3 j" F: X, g
{ 1 g) t1 p5 J4 w* E8 l
printf("sopen failed\n");
! r1 p/ C; i3 V9 Y; ]exit(1);
4 J; R& a! p! {) L0 C, @+ F} 
0 [. b- t5 l5 [9 u" A0 q! Zstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6); " F& r# E7 O/ j7 {- q9 Y
if (status == 0) 5 N/ S7 X/ h. j% s3 L' t1 z
printf("read/write access allowed\n");
5 W( h3 I+ l( t9 d8 z, ]else : o( L% l' H/ a! n$ p s* ?6 H
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); ' |0 [. D7 P; Q6 b: b/ ^
close(handle); ( [ `6 _2 U8 w! X n! s
return 0;
7 E* k; o3 l! s. _2 C$ ^1 r% V} 0 \: T# w( E) S% X) c2 j3 }/ _

: S- k0 J: k0 ?

& Y- ?) w+ N0 T1 e& ~# c函数名: sound % y$ u! ^. p2 M: y+ j
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 ! q* L9 X% X2 K- ^$ I( `
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency); * x) W* I; Q1 \, x# [; V! d
程序例: & o1 q9 M6 X& A
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. 7 t" L# g7 p0 F, R/ ^3 U% M
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
3 E2 x6 a2 }( g#include <DOS.H>
5 W, _. R5 H: b* H5 x. [int main(void)
3 L$ V t' ?* c7 B& h{ % X5 ~& A- O+ l1 E& e* a* O( q
sound(7); $ ^. e( g/ Y4 ?
delay(10000); ! |0 [0 h' B1 i: Y0 [! J. k# T
nosound(); ) O5 p2 C2 {) ?/ e: s& [
return 0;
1 t# t9 E7 @2 u8 \; C. K6 P} 
% Z6 \2 U& }' A4 \, r) C4 {' t2 x7 V$ Q: @

8 `6 x5 s3 B6 M8 B$ }$ a7 [0 M+ s0 L, y
函数名: spawnl ! s' V$ u' }+ U0 ^
功能: 创建并运行子程序
- a: K( t' g* B' e0 l用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
8 f. \3 u s, Q5 h0 Q. Q: jarg1, ... argn, NULL);
* F6 J" X" ]3 z* {$ }# b' L程序例: 
, _% [, o. ~$ H B#include <PROCESS.H>8 ^& i7 }5 W; ?- w; }+ R4 h( }
#include <STDIO.H>
7 c; W1 ^$ |' f8 Z! Z#include <CONIO.H>
2 A% n" G! l, s" b1 tint main(void) 8 W/ t% s! |5 {' f; _
{
1 D0 O/ ~% q- _1 Q% Xint result; ; [ P$ K ^6 n I% ]) C- z$ Y b
clrscr();
5 k: ~ j& a. e: q8 P* c5 _0 B9 `result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); + a( d% {/ c) G `
if (result == -1) 7 q- Y! B" m; ?1 m4 l h
{ " o8 X1 i/ ]) C) F% @
perror("Error from spawnl"); ( h4 R* B4 Q E8 b0 T0 X
exit(1); ) G+ ^4 ^! p' L* x. c
} / q3 r9 V' P/ G+ o4 l Y
return 0; / Z8 v3 ~2 Z0 V% `* W
}
- G" _$ w* ]6 w: \2 O7 ?( m! M
4 ] i( Z! E* _: A1 X: \, _3 c( ^# l+ l9 {1 F5 V) D
函数名: spawnle 0 q. e2 ], c1 z- z
功能: 创建并运行子程序
- G. s% Q# f& N7 W* ?用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 0 }4 Z* T' Y) Z3 A/ y$ i0 L
arg1,..., argn, NULL); + R2 $ f! s3 I* [7 l0 d0 @
程序例: 2 D x" ?2 u- j& o* F
/* spawnle() example */ 
2 e0 e2 h" {' `: g0 g; @: O#include <PROCESS.H>
( g9 |# Q4 v* Z6 b; J#include <STDIO.H>
# T$ M' B7 [ G5 v! ^6 ~: t#include <CONIO.H>
- a1 u4 v2 {& A- Cint main(void) - O3 U9 G2 u: | z9 O- y
{ 1 }; d$ _$ A. Y; y% Q' t: I( r
int result; + B6 ]4 r# A6 [ B5 s6 N
clrscr();
: |8 p9 s7 f' g5 r6 Z2 `result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); 1 g" L) w& s: ^9 ~/ [
if (result == -1)
3 t. q+ ^ C" u9 A{ 3 O5 ~2 u9 ]2 P _
perror("Error from spawnle"); 9 b) @$ a5 Z8 N: u) ?4 Z$ ?
exit(1);
; T1 z5 L& $ b& w}
8 U: {$ v) O! Sreturn 0; - `% z% A( A1 O1 p
}
9 `) w( N! c/ j: F
, _- j( P9 ]+ {5 C+ `0 J7 u4 o: y& g
/ o: C3 r% a0 m( m! c9 J, ?: g+ M3 w. S+ [2 |! J: j* F$ @( C
函数名: sprintf 
. D8 D* x7 C: B8 O! r功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中
 M/ W7 r; H: o0 |8 ^用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); - ~" {7 _, w$ [* Y2 Q
程序例: 6 h# ^0 P- _. \3 M( Y ^1 r9 d
#include <STDIO.H>
; q6 x* m. P" U; Z#include <MATH.H>
# j' n& b# I+ R( r, Y& C2 W! Sint main(void)
{
* w$ R O# @7 u8 r% Q- M( Ichar buffer[80]; 
# a* x4 {, a0 X9 v! k6 }) r% Esprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI); 9 |( H# [, j+ c! X1 W8 B' q) k1 P+ ]1 Q: b
puts(buffer);
9 x) v$ \- @( [+ a" a. Qreturn 0; ' [( j- b( |# d! C) J( ?0 i
}
6 r# U) `# B& ]( ]6 U, a8 r1 _5 y/ B1 r8 ]
6 Q9 s4 T. _8 O1 \# N
函数名: sqrt + ~" i" @3 a, k) c4 t# L
功能: 计算平方根 3 K, F- V& J% _: n% J7 x% @9 `
用法: double sqrt(double x);
1 v" l; u: a4 p' J5 E2 O程序例: ! j2 y% b2 c- |, ]1 }, p* f. ?) k$ v
#include <MATH.H>
. B6 p- {: C3 l" j4 b0 K$ F#include <STDIO.H>
- s/ X, i# Z; ]. }& K8 v8 yint main(void) ) e$ p, I7 D. Y/ `( K
{ 7 `; R) Y8 L C) H# P
double x = 4.0, result; ; J0 k5 O$ S( l1 h, s. j( C. |
result = sqrt(x); # } F+ `6 e1 m
printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 3 f4 z, R9 A) [) F# k% n" b
return 0; : @" ^( A- ?9 H
}
" y0 p0 E' F/ {9 \2 c6 |
) p( x4 x. T5 C函数名: srand 
3 H* ?1 Q% v! x* _% z/ [4 B! F" j功能: 初始化随机数发生器
0 J4 q! }2 A" u: a$ a用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
8 l3 R$ N, F2 K. ?% S程序例: ; q0 g0 ~5 l1 X H! p. \4 |/ A
#include <STDLIB.H>7 l$ K/ U8 _: ]( h. S3 ?) r2 j
#include <STDIO.H>1 r# l6 z! R& j: m
#include <TIME.H>
( \1 o. v* C. x6 nint main(void) ; k8 ]; j# z* ?/ k2 }! v
{
) x9 L# V- d$ N: |int i;
" g* o7 f: A, j9 ~3 U3 ctime_t t; 4 T& A5 W% | m9 V- f. Q
srand((unsigned) time(&t));
8 _& h* Z; m2 V7 G! R' h( @printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); ' |; t7 K) ~/ L6 u& @8 V8 P4 H
for(i=0; i<10; i++) % e) ^1 `( X/ m+ `/ q
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); * {* k3 ]8 _$ f" ~/ \% q& [4 I
return 0; 8 }$ Y3 u- G& X+ L7 `: ?
} 0 R- d3 D2 E4 U W' k/ J; @

9 m, ?9 E c& N4 e
; T+ U" b$ o) v' R8 Q8 H# Q函数名: sscanf / e0 V: v% f2 O
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
+ Q8 O, {: J4 O. M* W用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); & | p4 w, H8 ~2 |- V% [ l8 b
程序例: ( g6 \7 S. v! A F/ r! V* p# y" S
#include <STDIO.H>$ O& x b7 V& i
#include <CONIO.H>* F. ]9 ]4 ^5 z3 W( r
int main(void) 6 a- F/ G2 y& U: H
{
8 [, @' h @( n9 B5 xchar label[20];
2 Z& x) K# o1 q1 K/ R- l/ i" ]. Kchar name[20]; 4 X5 ?% k% \" r( k7 z" R
int entries = 0;
. X% a' ^1 m) ?7 Q3 mint loop, age;
5 G' C5 E1 C8 F! q( ]: |4 odouble salary; / P' G3 Q' I1 S( K' {% u
struct Entry_struct
& i1 ?2 h r4 G{
& J O- g+ J# c' ^0 dchar name[20];
+ ?/ Y7 \! W9 |/ q' g; s0 ?int age;
/ x& I& \9 h. k' C) D# [float salary; # k- p% \# q5 s( u. K, L2 `% a
} entry[20]; 
. x9 p- H6 `5 b: A4 a/ b* F/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
2 j# ]% f5 E( e" U0 W" v1 a& r- q& fprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); % h6 B! Y) ` b$ p1 P; k
scanf("%20s", label); * r3 _6 {6 s4 o: c; y/ V
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ / ^1 @' s0 U/ |# Z7 ?
/* Input number of entries as an integer */
4 X. x: A( x9 c& \7 t( u& N; a( Qprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
/ G5 N& [8 x3 s" D; V7 b" Oscanf("%d", &entries); 4 w: e9 ~6 q/ q6 o! u2 \4 w; l' {
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ . E, ?) h+ N( ?# i) q v
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ " b; l/ o/ |! c+ g# Q
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) $ W" }* k( l* ]8 H+ D6 K
{ ) @% \/ i0 Z1 F) ]% P8 w
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
* k( R+ ~2 U [; H* _! @# Xprintf(" Name : "); , y8 q0 ]$ ~8 j/ L; F
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
8 z' w0 u2 G) q0 A; P" a1 @fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 4 @8 g& q6 W v1 [+ b7 h8 R
/* input an age as an integer */ 5 p$ r; p( h" N$ N! p
printf(" Age : "); ; S% ^ @9 o. ?0 s. V+ E8 v7 L8 ~
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
: L9 k8 ` Z4 Cfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ " s3 a4 Z. q' g# K, O) K! a
/* input a salary as a float */
2 b) p; |6 w6 y- l2 k; Hprintf(" Salary : "); 8 X; d2 F8 e D3 x
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); / X) t; g( D8 U
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
2 M! Q# X/ r+ f6 F' e/ y} ; M9 w9 b6 X/ I2 P/ V+ |2 o
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ t- `3 x& n9 i0 E) @
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
# ]7 N% @. F' Wscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
" s b$ V) F" }! l7 J7 ~: n- c a* y* g7 A- S+ Z- y( J3 F
/* Print out the data that was input */ 4 f2 x8 e4 W7 {
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); & e! e4 x! X7 M
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
. u! |! K1 S8 b Z" {& k! Kprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
4 c' M0 \4 t" D) y3 D5 p# \for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) " t6 u, K% Z' K# B8 Q6 x+ N" r
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
6 y c+ B4 x4 n6 {+ V' Floop + 1, - @2 [3 [3 {1 P& a0 J' R7 v
entry[loop].name, + Z0 R0 X# F9 b
entry[loop].age,
" L* u: o! j V2 i4 Q4 z% y! gentry[loop].salary); 6 v5 w: U/ ?" i! Z. V; L/ `
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
+ X3 t9 A: |3 f% V% H0 k% b/ Kreturn 0; . R# z+ k3 D$ t& R( H. n
} V% }* l, B! O

0 R) w8 I, W# R' u+ o2 L) r0 H/ |; _% E
函数名: stat 3 P+ G4 \9 P! p1 X) a7 Y+ x
功能: 读取打开文件信息
( @0 g* t5 S7 \用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
 o& S' S3 T" _" v( @7 e; Y程序例: 
! O+ [: V9 Y9 t, f& D* r#include <SYS\STAT.H>
5 ]0 e( S" V9 O#include <STDIO.H>0 M5 J7 T) u9 ^% q" `' L4 |' }
#include <TIME.H>
) }; i: ~4 _* n! [# e2 |#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 0 ~9 ^2 m3 ?. m$ I) e
int main(void)
5 f3 Z& ]& g) l1 x- r{
! d: s- O* M3 |9 ]/ W4 vstruct stat statbuf; 7 H0 r- T0 y g+ F% k4 U( z
FILE *stream; 
% q/ P4 X( j# J) d: X! H8 g/* open a file for update */ 7 v- v* V( ]( m% U" r3 L, x
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) ) d8 O. `1 o8 ^' s9 p( g( [' h
{ , H8 G& k- ?1 u. h0 L
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); 4 r& e h: t/ ^5 b8 W# K
return(1);
# b0 {& b) A1 D2 G& `* g} 
9 e- `' w' C! r; I/ b/* get information about the file */
! ]; K: H$ a, @. R X0 `stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 
3 }: p7 o/ u7 y& wfclose(stream); 
2 e/ M1 P6 o- K0 W) x& x/* display the information returned */
9 F: r7 \; L+ Aif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) 7 s2 m% p$ V% C8 x1 v1 v+ K6 Y
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n");
5 o6 i- L$ H# H7 ^if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG) 1 r6 L6 @/ H; a5 |
printf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n");
 D$ R$ G9 N- Z' d8 l2 cif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
 x5 [( d6 a! c7 kprintf("User has read permission on file.\n");
) ^/ E, K o3 J0 }4 _( X4 mif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) . T' @" N: D$ w* M+ C. t( |
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
2 G" n: }5 U/ S1 I# Hprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
+ @/ F- [* {/ K- q6 Lprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); " e1 a m% O1 g9 V4 p/ a C2 q5 P
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
0 {0 M* V0 {, B' vreturn 0; w$ T. z: K$ ?0 P
}
3 C1 D0 H1 P Y! f) y8 {. Z7 s( R- A* Q0 _/ @8 E5 b
; f) @7 ^( ]5 @$ D+ r( X
) o( g4 e5 I" g$ X2 o; z5 v
函数名: _status87 ) `2 y" X( s& Q. L
功能: 取浮点状态
4 `! J P0 }2 N5 P, u用法: unsigned int _status87(void);
- n" @+ A3 E9 n. K, u6 M! W" d程序例: 
- }/ f8 D' d0 \1 M; r#include <STDIO.H>
( d& P& g6 `: o2 h0 F- L( l) ~3 @! o#include <FLOAT.H>) o2 O% U& f# C8 l; U
int main(void)
, Y5 m' |. d% x W; D{
9 |1 \& f0 q( O% R! |2 ^1 Dfloat x; 0 w* x; \' t! e, P! v6 b1 L& _
double y = 1.5e-100; 
% r" T' O; O8 a1 qprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); . W& @( D- N- A& R! F# {
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
, i# k u- c |# O( Cy = x; 
7 ?' x7 i3 ^* M! e& cprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); - D( Y+ W4 T i# C% s* l
return 0;
4 x7 K8 ]% c4 @6 c2 J2 p+ b, G! u}
& ?; i1 r4 ]! l- G& u- y
* A1 P/ W2 `/ M+ X9 S+ k# F- B
, }) c1 X. a# P& e' Z/ M Z6 k4 y函数名: stime 0 J/ @/ W! [+ s5 \: L
功能: 设置时间 & @! w6 I' ]3 l% q0 ~( f
用法: int stime(long *tp);
1 s; E% ~! s1 @( [" B( G# T程序例: 
& K0 J+ `8 _6 m, s#include <STDIO.H>, q" W% v* E# D
#include <TIME.H># h4 l. g0 \' b1 I
#include <DOS.H>
 j9 m5 H, f# V# I! |4 Dint main(void)
( G/ g/ b2 } {! _5 g* V' e{ . N( D2 ^% k3 t
time_t t; % A* Y! X; D8 b, p5 z# J& X
struct tm *area; 
 `+ G, U3 _% L! k# Gt = time(NULL);
$ W+ H7 W- O1 c0 Sarea = localtime(&t); " L8 g2 a. ~/ r* l9 x8 c" l
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); ' s7 P1 R/ t' M2 V8 h' s, L
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); ) l5 n+ m+ p& b7 A' ?
t++;
3 R' c7 p6 ^* Y4 yarea = localtime(&t);
/ J# \" A k. p- H# @: L- Kprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
7 N7 a# l/ y/ E/ \$ b+ xt += 60; 7 M( K+ Q' Y, C! I. m2 r; T+ m
area = localtime(&t);
8 `# U$ L6 ^/ O6 Pprintf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
& i0 z9 N! i) s/ d) v9 h9 wt += 3600; 1 L2 N+ }2 H9 _6 g
area = localtime(&t);
' i: @' q9 Q8 X5 @/ z% `printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
 M6 z( {9 M' l, _8 F# [8 S' \t += 86400L;
7 Q1 W! C0 ~' `8 ?area = localtime(&t);
& k$ n4 N: `8 h) D0 Rprintf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
( y2 L+ ]9 J1 Z! d: |6 B% o2 Yt += 2592000L; ! u' E$ V/ d1 }; Z& [
area = localtime(&t);
) M3 h2 D5 A( Uprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
- [( U7 A8 J; E/ T z3 qt += 31536000L;
. G6 I* G( b3 j6 n3 m4 e4 y4 sarea = localtime(&t);
4 C, W; @2 P) [4 ?# yprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
- G. Q5 y4 ~, r$ g4 Z/ J Areturn 0; $ w& a( ~, G; ^1 I- B0 h! ]5 [
} 5 t6 v2 K, B: M! O2 r/ x- N# z r
* I6 H) ^/ Q9 _5 z! m; [

8 O( A$ E" p1 o" \
/ ~2 `6 g6 }& c) I函数名: stpcpy : {; ?5 w( d, }
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 L- h0 G: x5 Q' }$ ~
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
3 E1 L) n$ r& W程序例: 3 ]$ O2 ^: u4 \- q0 {
#include <STDIO.H>+ Y% c! K2 H' L) ~5 }2 }
#include <STRING.H>4 c1 }" ?- L9 r# n) I( Q J' D
int main(void) _5 v. G, L/ ~& @
{ 9 [9 R g# N& y
char string[10];
5 r; ]. x8 C( e! G& |6 i/ {char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
: i, o3 T9 v {6 ~- t9 estpcpy(string, str1); ( q* f/ C1 |- N8 w: G0 m
printf("%s\n", string);
$ i' ~) M3 s. Q# z) s; Z: i. Breturn 0; ! `2 q7 c5 l) c u2 L
} 2 ?4 h2 l2 x+ }: a

( H( }1 G) U- R: ?; C- j' d9 k2 o5 l& r' L q$ z9 g

, X- y k9 R1 A函数名: strcat 
6 ~$ @! }5 [8 C& y5 @% g# D功能: 字符串拼接函数
7 P) E+ P/ V+ y: f' t用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
& k- P- ]# c3 z2 E# S& [% t程序例: 
+ Q- R- U7 U0 {4 J0 f$ q#include <STRING.H>
( k3 b3 H6 T3 s% R#include <STDIO.H>
: C4 A! J/ J$ U0 M: G! L. P' oint main(void) 1 i( {8 d# q" h# b0 M
{ : A Z/ z" ~' }# C5 r: h
char destination[25];
1 b6 X3 ~1 S% T1 ]. G4 S7 U& fchar *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
; l' G0 C! I+ O8 z5 e8 A' Ustrcpy(destination, Borland); : n7 o2 d. G8 G4 K# T4 S7 i# Q2 m2 K
strcat(destination, blank);
8 n# x) n/ { S4 _strcat(destination, c); ! o! f/ U6 l6 L: D$ H
printf("%s\n", destination); 4 } I8 i8 ^! f
return 0;
) R1 x. [- N) n W, J& i} , d! I4 u* Y! h2 ?/ h: L( B' c2 Z

- ? r% j7 l) l% h s$ s+ X& x1 f; R$ P3 o( g0 T# O- d9 H- ]

; b' _3 M2 p* `2 v函数名: strchr / c" d# V/ }2 u6 a$ W2 H) {; C% e
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
- m) L- t* M: x9 y: B) s. f, d, F5 c用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); $ a" M( }# n6 i4 T
程序例: 
! R" [4 w9 N# N W#include <STRING.H># i! ]3 \" ^) E, P/ J/ h, q
#include <STDIO.H>
1 m% f# r: d# gint main(void)
9 @( D4 C" }. a) i6 D$ }{ 3 l8 q* K$ Y% w
char string[15]; 5 H R; R' |! O9 R9 ` C+ E3 n
char *ptr, c = 'r'; / D( n/ m/ z7 d- k2 U" I
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
* x+ h/ ^; v& J: ^, ^* P5 Dptr = strchr(string, c);
, }; G p7 x9 Q: \2 I0 Sif (ptr) / ]$ G/ ?8 y$ ?! S
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); k Q% r: r, p: t' r
else + w. [! s( @! i* B
printf("The character was not found\n");
/ { _) S: s: O! ?$ P4 Jreturn 0;
' N7 C7 P# M' |; X Y}
! |) l+ d; _4 c
7 {4 F( H% b7 d: \
6 X2 d. ^. G8 n' x* y$ y6 M1 U
8 z/ D5 {6 f) Q9 J1 R函数名: strcmp
' Y/ z1 Y, s( i5 C5 w8 E; M, E/ i5 y功能: 串比较
* Z% n3 ?2 V' y( q4 H用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
3 Y0 \4 k0 H8 z- E$ L" \& R6 a8 U程序例: + H( b& k" [, Q) \
#include <STRING.H>
0 \& B! G1 Z" K3 h: \#include <STDIO.H>
: T7 q. T& E8 {- c: _8 Nint main(void)
* h. ^* c4 y3 e$ }) M{ ; \9 y9 V ]# ^6 c/ V: ]$ |
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
. R) ]: s% ]. F0 V9 o$ _) f7 z" Eint ptr; 
! T& T2 W$ T! c1 c3 |" }ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); $ v* b8 p4 a1 ^
if (ptr > 0)
 q; ?# W3 M: B6 M( B2 S( F) t4 Nprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
/ L% z: m/ A! f5 J& R6 m4 ]else 8 P- |6 w6 C0 U C0 }
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
3 ?% M/ m, k4 u' j7 i2 X9 l0 qptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
, q8 ~7 k! U0 b2 [/ D; ^7 ]if (ptr > 0) 5 t2 `3 j" F& M
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); 5 W, n# r+ m4 c" a# [; C0 G
else
 W5 m9 m! z, W$ \2 aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
/ R1 K% n3 U) Y" B8 Ereturn 0;
6 Z: Y" e+ j% u8 D* q9 S& l8 H" C} y6 v8 X7 q2 D) D. A

) Y2 X" r' O L8 l1 z
- U+ c1 [9 l+ x8 m
+ D- T& v& `" j. m" n) m函数名: strncmpi 
$ o- x6 }0 T+ Q, ^+ O. S功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 . M9 M! R& H* l" o
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); ; Z9 {' {) M# G* J9 l# j
程序例: 6 {+ ]/ y0 w0 {0 ]. r$ Q
#include <STRING.H>
- r" U1 r) ?) V% O- N#include <STDIO.H>
) r! b. |7 R4 u" V3 `int main(void) ' w% F( K0 n0 L }; W1 Z* r
{
+ o v C1 @3 Wchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
6 P1 D3 M* [. p6 D; f$ P- @' r. kint ptr; 
& d3 s/ f P4 [! F9 ^ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
# ?2 x9 Q% S* \0 t$ pif (ptr > 0) 2 U' b" m! o$ x# ^: f" Y/ `3 r
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 0 a! N7 m# B# p0 `( @( }8 c
if (ptr < 0)
4 D' a8 S' {# fprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
* @5 S* N- E9 G4 Rif (ptr == 0) . N h' s( A( u. x! l
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
* v3 g2 U: {' _% ~; e( @" k+ Jreturn 0;
- ?/ ?- E: }/ m d* a}
8 ?2 e; N' r' |" Q' i
* b& P" K5 `3 m7 _/ x& D# d3 _7 @0 h- x7 n) u5 O
! Z2 g1 u6 L2 H" _
函数名: strcpy 9 R5 P: a3 X" f
功能: 串拷贝
& ]+ f' y1 l4 q9 v- ?用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
4 w" j) ?7 a2 r) W0 u/ R; c) U: g程序例: 
/ i$ L2 l% k" p0 X+ j4 k, X#include <STDIO.H>( M! J# _, b6 K- r4 h/ V
#include <STRING.H>
8 z4 w3 K8 ~$ o$ rint main(void) 4 ?) \# f: j$ Y7 {! E; n
{
# T Z4 o1 j" h" ]: S& Ichar string[10];
7 F# D; }2 ^1 c: b0 y Qchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 8 }7 L* ]) ?. c( V4 K
strcpy(string, str1);
9 \9 M, D% U7 N* G/ rprintf("%s\n", string); * u4 Z; j( s( f0 {$ u8 T* ?( f
return 0;
( z" T7 E# [# p' E8 W& c}
1 Z: v6 m5 K8 ?2 n
/ A4 x( {5 v8 ?5 M8 v; v# e
1 k9 s( T/ H# b: [/ Z, e# x2 T# L
函数名: strcspn 2 x9 G8 \( D/ D
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
9 }; T' a! H) ^, R用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); B4 p0 _: ?( i8 H# S/ v
程序例: ) o) ?4 t- B4 b w$ ?1 h! R' Y
#include <STDIO.H>- B& a0 I( X2 X6 V9 n+ m. O
#include <STRING.H>
# ?5 M' K" X1 [* {% e `$ N% s#include <ALLOC.H>) [2 v# l; M) n! o* ~& l3 Z
int main(void) $ S _4 ~; M, U- E+ f5 w
{
" u, K# @. R% a' achar *string1 = "1234567890";
7 q) [6 ]9 W6 \char *string2 = "747DC8"; 9 @1 j0 ~2 m; w6 `" f
int length; % V6 a' v, o2 D2 ?! O' x
length = strcspn(string1, string2);
. @& T' \/ ~+ Z* v# hprintf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); . v+ [ M0 X" N: Y9 v7 l* R) J3 A
return 0; 9 Q( v& Q3 F8 F" E0 r7 M- s' u& U
}
) c7 O+ R+ g: q0 I L$ u9 Z9 X2 s& t; c. b
% O/ B _6 Q* p( ~
1 U1 q, A3 A3 R5 l0 U
函数名: strdup 
7 ]: s* x$ _ }功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
; D5 {* v; p+ m6 p: D2 t! l用法: char *strdup(char *str);
+ Z4 v' r$ o* F( f4 W0 b程序例: ) K5 h( A g1 W1 D4 I R, _6 Y* `$ E
#include <STDIO.H>
5 ?1 @9 P' v* X Q% [0 v#include <STRING.H>$ I: b0 C6 I6 v" q6 z
#include <ALLOC.H>- P- U( H5 m7 O4 Y1 P
int main(void)
1 M% n K! G" R& E3 h: u{ 1 F% k3 w9 o; a# R5 Z+ R8 J1 g4 d
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 3 F/ U" s# k3 P
dup_str = strdup(string); # i, Z" L2 t# b6 b8 R: c
printf("%s\n", dup_str); ; \- j' v% R% R% S8 ~/ n( \" s
free(dup_str); $ I* Q8 y* j4 Y) W$ e, l9 ]+ G' S
return 0;
" T* `' \+ r4 e# ?" ]* y} # a1 {2 t; ^- S9 F/ P1 B

2 q" c) O& O7 _3 j& {
$ T5 I- T5 B' P6 f5 X# c+ s% ~
! C2 q- \! _8 A函数名: stricmp . r2 F5 ]! }& ?) E
功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
7 N3 U' d: A7 I用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); , e" f" D/ r0 V7 E$ n5 m }! x
程序例: 
- h9 \$ v. Z* p9 h+ b#include <STRING.H>
 a. \' l5 p! x( U#include <STDIO.H>
* A; T, V- M( I W5 X# M% y8 K. hint main(void) / Z, j* Q7 Q% U& J# q! f' \& R
{
; ]2 B9 I. O1 Y$ ?char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
8 N# V* n4 \* x9 p0 Vint ptr; . e9 X% o2 o! v9 k# V) O: ?7 q
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
! Q% O# h& C/ @7 J! N' W1 yif (ptr > 0) ; _* f; A' \5 _" R/ l
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
7 m2 S! e4 H# X) p. a- K( fif (ptr < 0) " h, {$ g& l4 V" Q. X1 w H
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 5 y9 _: v3 a/ j% p0 N5 r/ E
if (ptr == 0)
4 a5 U" @2 _; T7 R3 aprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
/ ]* ~0 ?! Y* P, c% Xreturn 0; 9 ~% K5 m/ Q: y1 s K
}
& p" @( A4 l; X! f5 f( o* u
" U7 g% k! h/ [$ D ?) ?, }! k" S7 H1 p0 G$ e( k% B
函数名: strerror 
6 @4 E; Q. z+ Z0 x1 l& D2 n功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 ! y P" N* n, U( a+ r
用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
/ h# N) h& L! Z- U' d程序例: 
3 N+ K* Q w6 A#include <STDIO.H>; @* Z( j/ S* K4 u) S
#include <ERRNO.H>
0 b- E5 x8 N& V+ s8 {& ~ gint main(void)
6 I3 m; S5 ]' R5 o+ s4 I{
& }7 f+ `4 h) R% T8 B3 }char *buffer;
, ?' _1 m' Q$ e$ d& o Zbuffer = strerror(errno); 8 m& s; ^- n! M# ] _6 o
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
" w' R9 b( L" p# H5 ?; g5 Hreturn 0;
# \& a2 a% R3 T! p* ?}
& L' W7 c4 W. K/ C; N# j% L' m' h, w) K% h' d) Z

* |% b& d: Y" ~+ j5 Y- g) y9 G- j- N+ _% v, w; w
函数名: strcmpi - q% ^/ j& D0 \2 `
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 Z* u+ ?5 J: I. M6 M
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 7 T7 x( O" A) W" h+ O
程序例: 
$ X O, B; J+ O N. Z#include <STRING.H># \" T3 B# q1 \7 p" |; q
#include <STDIO.H>
& @+ }: Y1 |! |9 s$ n- b5 y1 S' O) cint main(void) - m2 I" T0 B6 P* F2 @. r/ w
{ 7 c1 z* M/ C+ I" {5 Z
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 7 l0 Q) N+ v7 O5 O0 D
int ptr; 9 m: j1 i3 U: Z6 ? o2 q" Q
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); t# r0 H, I3 N
if (ptr > 0)
$ |: P/ F* O; }* fprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
0 p2 B+ V5 \+ f# K4 C2 F0 mif (ptr < 0) 5 Z. D" }7 D9 e! l( R
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
0 C$ N% `8 `8 @9 M* H6 F9 K) Lif (ptr == 0) - I" J W1 b( G( b# f5 `0 C8 b
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); " Z# o; e0 S- B1 w; r
return 0; 4 T3 a- K0 v2 G3 E% g8 a7 g
}
8 _) }/ ^, D* \ F. d9 ]5 H2 }# Y1 z7 m" j- Z% f
' h" H4 s; X7 H8 v) I# N! u
8 c4 ^' l; @: @# G6 T, i* z* s
函数名: strncmp 
+ L) ?' L+ S, l" _- p% U功能: 串比较
4 C7 Y9 Z# i) \- U) J用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
2 F+ _" B3 [3 `! Z程序例: 1 @- V8 C$ R! |# m' e. b
#include <STRING.H>
5 E4 ^; ~" W/ i6 v4 o( f#include <STDIO.H>
% b5 P* p5 j- A3 D# h) c7 _" ^ @2 Gint main(void) 
3 A1 r% R' Z3 w/ Q) @8 ?$ L. F{
7 y1 b# K) Y2 h4 e! S, Qchar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; * y: E1 W$ O/ r5 Q: d2 r/ K9 p) J
int ptr; 6 i' N# J# {4 y3 o
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); 2 v1 }% ~5 k8 v1 j& G* P
if (ptr > 0) " b( C) C" B* G4 _. N
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); , v5 M: |8 i3 Z9 |% o4 [
else
. h! \$ C% s7 E- H0 m! I o$ Z* xprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
" Y- i1 H0 [) q" m; O$ J; B3 gptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
& e! x( a, ]$ i% l0 @( iif (ptr > 0) 1 n8 I6 c( r. u" d% z, I+ o( }
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); / @+ m. W8 W" D$ m
else
3 n: H7 V2 y; \, X+ tprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
. M8 D5 A4 W% S- T6 W9 vreturn(0);
0 l' Y* l8 ]) R/ @4 Q& ?/ ?}
+ t' `4 }; `6 T% B$ g+ g" F+ ~# q5 O
' S+ t& A) k# Y
函数名: strncmpi , w3 V- c0 f5 P4 d3 z* s
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 / O0 P; R/ K! o1 L7 z
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
* J; @+ t) q' d$ l' F' b$ r3 O程序例: 2 k2 E+ I6 m0 R2 T+ E% U
#include <STRING.H>
) R. Z& c( {) o" i& X#include <STDIO.H>
/ u* B: h8 `* Z* mint main(void)
1 y( k& X- W3 a) |9 S* i; m{
. z9 m& d& L2 Xchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; - @0 z" ^ S9 Z9 s- `2 T: i& T
int ptr; 
" M. A+ P+ [" Q' ?: K1 \ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
 L! f' n# ]/ d( L5 W, n8 yif (ptr > 0)
3 S5 Q* K: G$ a( T4 W& R# }8 ]printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
% y0 s+ f: B3 G8 w% \7 {% eif (ptr < 0) 4 h0 ]9 L" v+ }$ u
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
8 v, E3 Z% y4 k+ R* lif (ptr == 0) ' g# \3 T% p: ~7 X8 L) z# B; J7 @
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); + S$ {5 R: g1 k! B7 _
return 0; 
0 T! _8 r" H1 _1 w) j# T}
9 S/ y' g7 t- O6 t% |6 s7 m& K) v$ C" h; U3 C

$ ^. @. C& b' u6 A( B, e# _$ }. t2 l函数名: strncpy 
! Q% S. x( g) U功能: 串拷贝
+ a/ X' i t% z& B5 E8 r8 _+ H用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
+ j; D; Y, G+ z9 O# X4 i& o程序例: 
( ]; a" ?/ u- _#include <STDIO.H>
 R2 f* X* k% M#include <STRING.H>( M. N& V" `3 r E% L4 e! R7 u: \! O
int main(void) E& h' g7 I! x4 Q: g
{ ) X! j" b, B% P1 U* U9 H
char string[10]; % [) _' f; K+ F
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
% v( M7 N: g7 |5 ~% q" Q+ I! Gstrncpy(string, str1, 3); + r+ Z; r/ K! V- X. q
string[3] = '\0';
printf("%s\n", string);
+ T2 @( A6 r# areturn 0;
* ~8 a, @/ M8 l' d2 L7 [& Y, o M}
# q* Q3 r- \5 e6 q" T* u& ]' K$ N; W- f0 g" s' r( n H& V) g3 ?
2 n+ ~7 r, |6 Y( ^+ Q+ a! W! Q
函数名: strnicmp 
: b5 s4 R! s2 h6 V. k功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
0 L0 o2 }5 r) Q- @& ?1 ^" E用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 2 ?' c7 A' a' P1 S
程序例: $ v( X) p" Q$ H# X
#include <STRING.H>$ L6 b) c& ^9 b6 H' I/ o
#include <STDIO.H>
5 j) y7 y& e) Z! C- fint main(void)
$ P9 V b7 F0 F6 k{
8 ?- L, F+ z5 u$ v2 i' |; dchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; # ^2 {' T* _; s+ ^' ?
int ptr; 
/ e1 p, L& ?6 ]& C8 F6 Rptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
2 h1 L9 ^6 c& [- mif (ptr > 0) / t6 o0 U/ l" e, m |1 V3 X
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 8 c) }1 s1 I# g! L- v
if (ptr < 0) , I% K# x- B, \; i1 Y! |
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
% a1 @0 G# o |8 c8 Kif (ptr == 0)
: c5 |0 a3 i* }; W" n9 l0 Oprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 6 v7 X, W5 o9 |
return 0; & `! [# x, Z- e; R9 Y1 v; }) G
}
. n: Y+ y- a$ g( h0 j, V- r% _
: C3 N+ [3 L+ I0 @% L, V+ A/ z, q5 ^+ ]/ F/ v$ Q
- ?) N# Q' H4 i1 j/ L
函数名: strnset 
+ b, a( D8 A5 u功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
0 w# e# p% ^0 M9 U& d. J% [0 R用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
$ W% s0 Q6 }( `9 b! A9 G4 `, p程序例: 
 E/ A3 D; R+ s' v& o) ]& ]#include <STDIO.H>
; g* e' @2 q8 q% G, u#include <STRING.H>; p5 f7 h! O/ k( c% S) ^: V7 {
int main(void)
0 T% z1 c3 L# m3 G/ s3 q{
& n6 c9 \* Z! v( ~. Lchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
# H( M6 E: b; wchar letter = 'x'; - J3 X4 u+ N& Y! \' I
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
+ R1 G# Z6 n b+ Ostrnset(string, letter, 13); " i6 t% Z& W- c3 A3 J5 V3 T
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); & ^' x k2 b1 N8 v0 Z. \
return 0;
" H1 [, I; r: y; ]( |' I} 9 H ]; t! i! \1 L0 |
! {5 s7 T/ ?) W8 R: y3 A
% g X% d+ N( B) f- X6 C
函数名: strpbrk 
& U3 h/ q6 ] \1 k8 _5 @3 i6 n! x功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
' q+ g7 F. I+ |2 y( X用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); 8 w6 T K2 I T* n
程序例: 
 t9 o. E5 P) b1 p+ i#include <STDIO.H>
( O/ I" A1 z% T% N#include <STRING.H>" b4 Y9 n ^* B' [7 X" D
int main(void) ( J' Z1 a. _ f7 T. k$ B
{
$ I' `8 S) J0 |! O' Z" ^char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; ! v8 P. [5 Q0 {2 ]) X h
char *string2 = "onm"; ) w5 p- i& m/ ~9 P1 R9 T
char *ptr; 1 n `* e$ y, q5 s
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); f) e) J" Q; {% B( u# z8 f# j
if (ptr) / n9 {4 _( \- `
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); 3 v9 r& L" m% H& c8 }2 T6 `
else & t1 U6 G5 |+ b* L0 i, v
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); $ F. }) V+ G) n3 g
return 0;
. y. k3 [7 z I0 l: K7 O( ?}
 L# N" d) A/ s1 D2 t# Z8 t: ~
" Q+ J2 x% |4 z& V6 k7 X7 J7 E9 I% x- Q' {) @ n' v% @

+ j w2 W: h/ C& \/ l7 {+ W函数名: strrchr 
/ g- w9 Y6 n% j8 o+ o2 Z+ V功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 : ^2 s) n. g+ m* O O6 u
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
2 W; i: C" X# w" C; a& Y2 Z$ T, I程序例: 6 O ]# K2 ]9 I
#include <STRING.H>' ?* f4 D' Y$ q
#include <STDIO.H>
 V& \) `# x: w6 nint main(void) ( p- M: W7 p/ }; C
{ 1 o$ g9 g; O! C) ?2 I1 B- A$ Y# D7 V& Y
char string[15];
1 t" y, Z* S" ~char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
1 W" s) |' m& X3 `2 wstrcpy(string, "This is a string"); ! w" K ^1 N" |7 V1 r& @ I" D2 G3 Z0 v
ptr = strrchr(string, c); # e6 ]0 X0 K: K
if (ptr)
; _5 X6 ]4 ?3 z/ wprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); + {& {+ |0 F3 e6 U% M! O
else
5 l1 ?* A' D d- A* r) |$ Oprintf("The character was not found\n"); ! h3 Z% k1 F0 K E6 [: F7 }6 M6 H
return 0; ) A$ l, w9 X- p9 p7 b$ |
} 0 ^" O# _2 \1 f8 o/ J
: H/ @1 o$ b1 R/ m- f2 X( p

& w: Y, G9 ~2 I5 P+ F! m* |: E- z& Y- K0 ^. m2 L) F/ t- [* d
函数名: strrev , c" U% r( c5 X5 D% L1 \/ F# @& [
功能: 串倒转
5 V4 C5 F1 |/ b( r, }用法: char *strrev(char *str);
, i6 w2 R& Q% Z0 G程序例: : f8 T2 k5 V: U: R8 O; O9 F
#include <STRING.H>
& f' C" T/ _( d' o0 E( b2 A#include <STDIO.H>! Q, Z U4 I9 {7 {5 _" E) i3 L/ F
int main(void)
' ^4 P3 T) F B* s{ 3 m8 a( o' O5 {( q
char *forward = "string"; 
$ I: h0 y9 D& r$ ]printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
; P3 d# I' P8 i5 q0 W* Lstrrev(forward);
! K( I, z! ~' U2 M9 N! [; h2 Hprintf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
" m5 R6 d, L! ereturn 0;
/ M. i2 g6 M; b1 X: C} 3 S6 G' h8 o6 ^2 y
7 y$ E: B Z9 R6 H7 I
函数名: strset 
8 G' S# H/ v. E4 |; T( [. L6 E功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
) h0 S; N1 U/ L/ J8 j用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
1 w. w1 ~8 ?6 @' P( `, |- ~# e程序例: ( C% @8 r: q* ]2 m7 \
#include <STDIO.H>
& _ t: k$ _! d8 `# g3 r#include <STRING.H>+ i4 Z% }, H1 `! X" B0 U" M( |
int main(void)
' f& P* }- C& z+ L{
" C1 F" @& S1 b5 v2 m& W3 P( Dchar string[10] = "123456789";
& t a3 g" Y$ Z# y1 Ychar symbol = 'c'; 4 ~# W0 V& k" n& V
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
" U# Z( ]0 q, Qstrset(string, symbol); . u6 ^" y% J% f0 b$ ?1 L: R) X
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
! W- \8 [' E5 d+ u( e1 [return 0; L* P/ m6 N* d d6 U1 e
} $ J" q7 u, O% w# F3 t% D/ o! U
3 J! i! _- p5 r) g. L
' G5 B8 ? J4 t! |
4 A1 q* W5 u! N) ?0 F6 p0 F5 A9 Q; O% {
函数名: strspn 
. \5 `2 U7 _- | R5 {/ w功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
! T% r4 m& T/ i; ^# w用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
7 o5 p! U5 B1 R; _4 Z程序例: 
1 l& q. \( y7 Y. \#include <STDIO.H>; C" s N3 w* T7 q
#include <STRING.H>
" G5 y& F! w ~#include <ALLOC.H>1 H# k) L2 C d2 W: o8 n
int main(void)
: Y4 y3 d) e( Z1 p0 T{
. P+ W# X$ f" O A2 e: ^8 xchar *string1 = "1234567890"; 4 f: j, K* r& f
char *string2 = "123DC8"; " d% |; I C) n) \* k* ?+ i6 A: s
int length; 
( a- F: Q* |! X( Q; G& Slength = strspn(string1, string2);
( H& r8 Y7 Q' ^- Kprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); 2 r4 {4 ~" y" O. Q: K. e9 @
return 0; 1 v, [: w/ o$ ?1 K8 p0 }7 [8 n
}
7 H( K1 `* X5 m# V2 q6 V! a$ R% W E) P, j Q
: G" e, k6 {( b9 Y
函数名: strstr 
6 C! ?4 H+ S7 _* F0 Q5 d6 p) {8 [功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
' K; v; q3 y% [% a# B7 u用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); + {; m( q' C/ o: D$ J
程序例: . E4 c( M) p" {! H2 w
#include <STDIO.H>3 ?6 T. S9 y/ [" W
#include <STRING.H>
, u. Y, o8 k- cint main(void) 7 A$ B, G+ }# \. F! @- y) N7 d
{
8 r5 E7 B/ ]' I9 j1 o8 kchar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
2 J+ p" f6 Z4 P1 } x1 t; Nptr = strstr(str1, str2);
( P# o* o/ F* eprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); ; G! {5 s& {+ [ I g
return 0;
* O4 L5 f8 c7 v: L& e8 w! |) G& ]} 
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函数名: strtod 4 R) v% ]: g3 x5 f6 L+ q
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 . k' G$ P4 o3 J/ g% @( ]
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); * J( H( O, E0 z x
程序例: ' t! ^. t0 l% ?+ b9 u! R
#include <STDIO.H>
9 \# `: y/ p4 y" `1 M#include <STDLIB.H>, [, v% K4 k: U4 c* [" a* h4 k
int main(void)
 Z) K0 z% j; h{ # ?0 T8 q( \0 C5 N
char input[80], *endptr; # D- |5 ]2 @6 G! g. {
double value; 
9 j3 ~; o# e. `printf("Enter a floating point number:");
% p) ]% N# n! d# U; k+ z% ogets(input); 2 S5 b8 g9 d$ D7 m( j
value = strtod(input, &endptr); 2 a' k' S7 c" |- ^5 b
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
6 z$ ]( B4 l9 T% Zreturn 0; + J& z3 t! X5 M! C R
}
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# W1 m, u- {; X" I1 ^/ z8 a, a# ~( h" w! l6 e; p
函数名: strtok ' ]( z5 I* Q/ d$ C/ w
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 $ n! s$ Q, |0 a- i- l
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); 9 Y4 `) ~+ J, l
程序例: 
) l9 B3 c7 ?2 @#include <STRING.H>7 ` K6 |: n" B8 ?
#include <STDIO.H>% s t& r# R0 K3 h" ]5 ]
int main(void)
1 s6 b& J( ]7 J{
* t8 N9 } Y% l$ Xchar input[16] = "abc,d";
' N, {0 P8 b6 H: _2 N9 ochar *p; 6 m; T: u$ C, T& ^
/* strtok places a NULL terminator . ~& J, E$ i$ X7 U6 I& U0 R; _
in front of the token, if found */ ; @& g" Q0 e" W! m+ _' S5 X! [# ^
p = strtok(input, ",");
+ j6 X' q& M2 [/ P3 m9 b" eif (p) printf("%s\n", p); 
1 w% B9 w2 V4 ?3 ~7 W- y7 n/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
" Y4 W, b# s- L8 r/ w. sas the first parameter returns a pointer
/ U- N$ e! {+ s# E: Wto the character following the token */
; D5 X9 K( e3 t9 b. |6 q `p = strtok(NULL, ",");
5 h, P$ e6 F g6 X) o! g& Sif (p) printf("%s\n", p);
2 f/ n: Q6 d6 \return 0;
- s% Y3 T# }0 z, W& u& Y}
9 }& B; O/ E `/ y3 ^ A# Y/ y9 I9 `- F2 Q5 M: A8 ~ F

# X+ [8 v+ S/ V" b) {4 M
* R- r6 d& O" y6 u0 R! R: o& H& c函数名: strtol 
% U5 P: d3 H4 A' L- o& p, i* w功能: 将串转换为长整数 ) ~% a! l( v, _2 _* Y
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); : u3 v5 ^! ~% b% ?" i) F% ?2 D
程序例: 8 m5 \% J( h" I
#include <STDLIB.H>
4 H# ~) K/ O: }' k* l7 N0 `! e#include <STDIO.H>
9 t) [: L2 B, ?$ A% a4 J" Lint main(void) - T5 c( c# n+ [
{
- A, g' a. I7 k+ f' i% Achar *string = "87654321", *endptr; + ]8 @- [5 C @3 @; X) \5 U$ z
long lnumber; 8 s, g1 |% o% e$ p
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
/ c; |3 Y7 K, n% A* z0 [* [lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
1 G& F( |7 e' s8 |6 Oprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); . Y# M) ~7 c/ D0 R
return 0; # N. T9 }! I5 \8 o6 k" H
} * k8 i4 j6 k! K9 m H# z
$ [- F6 G$ d8 [/ r) A
函数名: strupr ' i" R8 h5 c A1 c4 D! }- ]" g5 W- I
功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 1 f% p( ^: k4 {; M" p$ [
用法: char *strupr(char *str); ( h) {6 k0 t* @+ a6 w0 M% v- U
程序例: ) k. h; A% J& v9 U
#include <STDIO.H>; L, _" h- O _+ c( a1 E
#include <STRING.H>5 V6 z* G. q- N" _: g7 j6 u
int main(void)
' \5 w& ~. X$ U3 s{
0 x9 A7 V$ v h: S% Z! A0 A- gchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
/ d4 }& q, J' x- E8 C4 V- l# C2 E5 z/* converts string to upper case characters */ 7 B6 O8 {# W6 x$ H, H
ptr = strupr(string); 2 s" a) ~( ^0 [. c1 p) x$ d- h, j
printf("%s\n", ptr);
( M+ j9 M0 p- [: }' _return 0;
6 P& J/ o- z- v2 N3 }}
* x8 G+ F) T8 o x, U5 m: ^+ I0 x: O7 m5 n( e7 e

0 v/ c! v2 ^) B0 n! t! D- d0 C. p
( l! E9 ?, _& n% H函数名: swab Y6 |4 ]. E3 i4 E' w- Q# d7 c
功能: 交换字节 ) n# Q) v) l3 m w1 r; |$ C
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); % _+ M9 \. `6 E4 \/ U q, W3 }, [
程序例: : H# @/ D% I( W5 o+ O
#include <STDLIB.H>
3 P s3 V. Y- l) T" X+ D#include <STDIO.H>
7 P2 g. e6 `; B/ K2 N* y2 S#include <STRING.H>7 b* [1 _+ Q6 L' z8 W2 c
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
6 U5 q! b/ C) S) k, pchar target[15]; , H1 [% v/ b5 K& y. `
int main(void) 1 ]' S, [9 X- ~$ M- x! F
{
4 L0 ?( h" w, F' r7 ^- @! Sswab(source, target, strlen(source));
- O7 T1 J, z* dprintf("This is target: %s\n", target); . c; a% x* d( I
return 0;
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- u J8 Q; p" t" Y! r0 M+ L5 b; s& l: ^4 S' t4 W7 k8 t

% P$ m, k! D+ z函数名: system 
5 P# i) O! I& x& Q' `9 T% X! ^功能: 发出一个DOS命令
$ i' m Z3 _) |. ?% n. }用法: int system(char *command); ! {3 ^; d' N; K2 t' h) T
程序例: 
8 C9 x4 G8 A2 f0 x9 h' _. e0 z) @#include <STDLIB.H>4 H: U9 @9 `+ T$ i5 m8 E, C
#include <STDIO.H>9 o) L/ S' b" T" W* P# U
int main(void) ; e6 Q8 s5 w, O) o4 D9 e
{
* C* T( D2 y2 T& zprintf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
5 z; m" T( x+ l% |6 d9 p; Gsystem("dir"); ; G# X5 c1 n# C
return 0;
 z, |0 p/ v# m% c. `4 K}