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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
( ]- y3 P8 B; c6 ]/* display the gray scale */
3 M) W& m5 h$ ]5 g Z9 r1 x: m) ?ht = getmaxy() / 16; ! I' N) Y0 _# @6 l/ }
xmax = getmaxx();
0 v/ k1 b; g) r2 e X" {6 my = 0;
6 _0 Y- W4 A, Y. Jfor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
9 W% q P2 \4 ~3 I* l2 q# usetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
2 F& p S$ t$ V' W. } w' kbar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); 1 D- e5 j1 R0 x. g5 L b
y += ht;
; I/ Z, c8 u5 e. b- ^} 
9 U, Y! r' t \% \2 R/* clean up */
+ g/ F9 x* Z3 M! i1 a! F5 b7 y5 [getch(); 4 F) A6 G* Q4 |' ~
closegraph(); - L" i( [8 `( V, |$ C' v
return 0; ( X: B( e" y) s7 z6 j# O
}
3 d0 J5 k% d% Q- P& k
1 I) u ~! i, w f/ O
% K9 _; ^7 [) d0 n5 J8 K7 E: F5 |6 ]; ? Y2 O/ O
函数名: settextjustify 
8 g4 a4 ?9 m7 ?- h H功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 ; e; @# F, q3 b1 J4 S
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
- T+ \; |$ n$ i! w& C n+ [# G程序例: 
* {; j$ R6 J, v9 n" {- h#include <GRAPHICS.H>
1 ?9 h4 ?0 ]9 N8 X4 C#include <STDLIB.H>, F; x$ N5 g5 l- A5 w
#include <STDIO.H>& ^$ s% A) P; f- K2 O: \5 n
#include <CONIO.H>* G0 r. d, X/ h' I6 P* P. a
/* function prototype */ 9 u3 ]9 R/ K. W v
void xat(int x, int y); & _# w" ?, M d l7 ~5 j# s
/* horizontal text justification settings */ & Z9 E0 { W5 R
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
$ x/ O" u+ b5 X* m* W+ `) z"CENTER_TEXT", 3 `9 t; _. Z! w: s' \, \4 O9 Y$ G8 w# K
"RIGHT_TEXT" 4 r( q; Q0 e# Z* f0 ^; p7 d
}; 
5 A8 ^7 r0 m5 k. O# k" b/* vertical text justification settings */
# X I7 G. J, B0 K. a6 Kchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
9 D+ `7 o; A. _# B"CENTER_TEXT", . C7 q5 b# H2 l) J9 W- E
"RIGHT_TEXT" ; G+ W( t; G3 {
}; 
( C5 V% e+ o4 k7 Jint main(void) $ h: b$ {( S4 N! U
{
: B7 J; f4 u7 I7 Z* v( x! |' N/* request auto detection */
1 U9 j4 ^# Q0 Fint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' o+ P2 y* g) M; a% ^: M. X& g, F( `
int midx, midy, hj, vj;
+ _/ r9 { U% V, Rchar msg[80]; 
9 |. B/ N* Q3 v6 g/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& k; W* M6 F7 s! K$ b$ q c$ finitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
# t! L: F& S8 p0 W' \, J" I2 n/* read result of initialization */
* D3 \& ?' N( ~3 @4 a: e6 h' Uerrorcode = graphresult(); 1 u2 }, b+ ]2 w3 A- r
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ t9 s3 m7 X% ^
{
6 Y) ]: d: f$ [% Iprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 9 `; ?$ }5 R$ L1 v: V
printf("Press any key to halt:"); , c6 g, |/ t; U" k2 o8 F: }
getch(); ; _, o) R7 u3 I/ E0 d
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
) t1 z3 g" q' \2 ^. |/ i# [} + P9 a( Z$ ]" T! v9 V: `
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
3 \ U7 W8 d" Nmidy = getmaxy() / 2; & B$ ?; V5 ~* t( W
/* loop through text justifications */ $ h" M' }- x- |: e5 p% ~9 e* [ A5 [
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) % X# l" u4 h$ \8 a+ h& A
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
- ?/ H( v2 _. H! x) V* [{ ! W& _. o; z3 T) { R" Q+ }) R0 S
cleardevice();
' U8 l# c9 [* |' y! ^* }9 E2 |9 h/* set the text justification */ : ]/ w5 b# _. |, i
settextjustify(hj, vj); 3 D, Q7 l2 P5 I, I( D% Q5 ]
/* create a message string */
sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); ' p8 M' P) _7 P8 j
/* create cross hairs on the screen */
' J* g7 s2 E" {7 s' Oxat(midx, midy); 7 i4 i( I2 M' N3 T( ^
/* output the message */ % Z4 S$ o6 c! W: i, L7 Q0 u, z( i
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg); $ z9 t3 G1 a& R
getch(); & J! j. y/ A9 q8 G5 J7 v% P9 {! ^% _
} 
9 }+ u0 |4 g6 X3 F- v" b. d/* clean up */
/ l' U9 f# v) h# Fclosegraph(); & i5 W' P% |2 ^# X
return 0; ! q$ \/ P2 g Z* @& m
} 
# w3 ?- ?- l# ^7 g/ U% x! o# I+ c/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
; J8 _5 e7 e. kvoid xat(int x, int y)
' O: F q% a: Q% ^4 _9 h{ 3 L& ? G7 ^7 l- l. @
line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
* f0 c1 L+ p2 |" Nline(x, y-4, x, y+4);
( a: g1 t$ U* i N} 
6 O2 x% N( I0 [( N) c4 `! j j% {3 F
: w- a- }" X) G0 T& G
函数名: settextstyle - G: G+ P+ G2 [! B n1 g
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 ( C+ c" z3 i ]' [1 Q2 x
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
8 J; ?; F8 O4 l# B3 ?& x; R! B程序例: 
/ b6 P9 O ]% z( t3 y#include <GRAPHICS.H>0 X! ?" L; l- U$ e
#include <STDLIB.H>, R# u1 Q% E( v" H. Y( q: p- I$ D
#include <STDIO.H>; {3 k+ L1 R6 t6 D
#include <CONIO.H>2 c) i6 Y" k) o4 ]; ?
/* the names of the text styles supported */
, ?$ p! V0 V ?6 @) l$ ^char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", v% v) W. x8 G! o
"TRIPLEX font", - ?6 D' E/ @* Y
"SMALL font", " v( ]- [1 e8 B' T& p c
"SANS SERIF font", * G% F* N+ {+ [
"GOTHIC font"
/ r" H2 } t4 ^/ r7 K}; 
1 g& e! ]1 R9 m8 Y# ~int main(void)
1 L& D7 R2 c6 y, `$ G{ / F0 C3 f+ y3 e; A
/* request auto detection */
/ K$ |2 e2 ~6 yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
( Z; ]+ F$ }3 @$ Z9 O( `( A$ u9 Lint style, midx, midy; * y/ M: N; n6 @ ^) a2 w/ R
int size = 1; ( c6 {; k6 F, Z8 J7 N2 w6 C7 I. w
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
; p, t* ]1 K% f$ ^, Xinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/ g8 U# D: x2 V/* read result of initialization */ 2 `; m; C3 j; ^8 v/ k; A
errorcode = graphresult();
, n- Y! C4 E5 Zif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 7 b) @+ l9 r0 X B& c
{ . g3 ]' Q( T& r, Q
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); , h9 i" |$ a7 [/ {
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 V; D1 T/ D; F [ ~. t4 Cgetch(); 4 E8 _# n% b& B9 l
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 4 y. X5 \+ I: r
} 
& m, P' i1 a# a0 V Nmidx = getmaxx() / 2; 2 y% a) l" h, b) V/ s
midy = getmaxy() / 2; / y: W: a7 n' E# h
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ) G* [- C9 X+ E4 m
/* loop through the available text styles */ + b' g; e0 M0 w$ Q7 ]
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
# l# W: r9 H2 e6 n{ ! }. b2 P8 ~# y7 H! w- R
cleardevice();
" C6 J( ^7 I% g! R; b, S3 Yif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
; \5 u2 n4 J; D$ s; `( s Q) |size = 4; ! T0 {% ^: n9 Q. m! v- {1 U
/* select the text style */
 u$ L) @' P8 i3 t* ysettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
7 I0 t( x3 H& G& G$ L4 B/* output a message */ 7 H0 W' N8 [$ g; `/ B
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); ! b; d/ [. S0 Q+ c4 O& z
getch(); 9 D9 G3 ]4 V! i" P
} 9 `! `/ h$ k% Z* R4 l
/* clean up */ 3 I" k i$ n; j8 q# r
closegraph(); 7 V( z$ s2 ^6 I- `5 q! i! ]
return 0; & \6 P- m, @$ T1 {
}
8 n* H3 |8 q- b& @* [6 _; K i' G5 p" Z+ P

2 U! ~; q1 o) _/ P1 @/ Z7 V函数名: settextstyle . M& o" e9 Z1 Q5 U$ z
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 " `7 R n+ t; Q" \7 ^9 F0 [
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
" N0 d- ^6 U5 @6 h6 ^程序例: 
( J' q. W2 |0 \; ?& z) Q! j6 _3 `#include <GRAPHICS.H>
5 k6 @ E# j3 N: j4 |# {#include <STDLIB.H>4 \0 t: Q6 G+ W7 r
#include <STDIO.H>
) O+ l$ B1 E7 [/ P; p#include <CONIO.H>8 N3 P" o7 C) E# t: H
/* the names of the text styles supported */
9 V i* z/ w# pchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", 5 K4 J: T; V/ M
"TRIPLEX font", : n# ~% }7 V) b4 S7 l& k
"SMALL font",
* m% `* B: p& b. }8 e"SANS SERIF font", * }0 t. }& N7 R0 I7 w9 g0 S
"GOTHIC font"
+ c" }* _) Q+ l# |5 @; Z}; ) t; f6 x; C8 z6 `- w
int main(void) 2 ~* G6 d* b. O
{ 6 q8 C# r" a7 t6 u! n, v. t9 t
/* request auto detection */
4 N( L! S+ A# N6 j# vint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ! l: Y7 \( W0 M }% `
int style, midx, midy; o- B9 O1 o+ Y* ~% O+ T L6 N! k$ Q! _
int size = 1; 
+ L' W" o# [$ l" b+ H# ]/* initialize graphics and local variables */ : f4 o$ E) J7 j8 z+ U5 @
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
5 W5 n- M0 M4 H, a/* read result of initialization */ 2 p( Q( U K1 V) V# D0 D I
errorcode = graphresult(); ( Z D5 J3 {. a/ f% J
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 4 m) V4 x$ y7 m2 z- g
{
# I8 Y T# J8 d& A$ |printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); , v8 Q2 O# y, z, x& G# ~4 Z
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ; a" N) [3 a. \! T0 Y5 S6 D
getch(); , y$ a6 T) G0 Q' b
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! i) z* F+ ]" O. n7 l0 A
} 8 Q4 g" }8 |3 _. Z; P6 h/ m! E
midx = getmaxx() / 2; / ?' l8 g0 o9 K% d
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
9 i" m# g, Y8 ?* b! k0 p7 g$ C" Qsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
1 i! z, a3 j4 o+ G+ l- y/* loop through the available text styles */
/ _8 ~6 S2 d$ u" D9 Zfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 9 n5 n% t# [9 m+ o1 o9 J6 s$ Z' ?
{
5 v; P, p2 O4 m- M- qcleardevice();
5 R- b7 d7 d- J8 i1 \& A" l+ @5 Sif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 7 M" g3 p" R. R
size = 4; 
- K6 ~7 t& S$ _) @9 Y& }/* select the text style */
 |2 g1 z% j' P0 q9 |settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 3 P5 I2 g0 K: u* I- F! A" e
/* output a message */
2 m1 h4 g+ L8 h! gouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
$ C5 `9 R$ t/ tgetch();
" N' t" ?, a ?6 I& H} + w& p( m( z# `. p' X2 E' `2 ]
/* clean up */
. W& A. ]5 e3 C( B2 Z {$ T! Mclosegraph();
# [( O' E& K0 hreturn 0; 7 A- A. ~* X) R c( z
} 
$ F$ d5 n' o" D* C6 f1 ^7 `
. q* l% [% D* ~, T h; U
) I8 U, y. \" e% I6 V( g函数名: settime % y( g' |7 F% j$ f+ d7 o; s
功能: 设置系统时间 ( D- g- R5 |( o5 H/ P, W
用法: void settime(struct time *timep);
' E8 s# ?' z0 Y [+ P% N% S! f程序例: 
4 M. `- G) y+ Y2 Q4 I#include <STDIO.H>/ b) S9 B( I0 W% u
#include <DOS.H>
* y( l: W0 q3 ]8 ~int main(void) - ^4 [9 ~& h/ h- e0 }
{
) T# F+ |3 H: h, m+ U7 b9 Tstruct time t; 
5 B# D c/ D* Q0 ~' T& Kgettime(&t);
/ W9 U/ W; @+ `2 b1 ?5 X$ \0 @printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
" R7 u8 V; u$ O+ \printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour); - C, p, F6 F6 w7 I
printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); ' ]2 i( ~' p r$ U
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); ) l/ u: ]% ?- _) b1 C/ D2 Y
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
- ?' C5 j T! T* \: S3 Nt.ti_min++; * T/ v0 p- g" B/ h }
settime(&t); 4 Y( C3 y' f4 D* F; z8 W7 U: N, k
return 0;
8 Q! |; A3 ~+ O; M} ! \& ?3 `+ L7 d- t/ t4 S: i8 M1 n

2 h+ w; ~/ K; s2 o( S* t& H
& |: l, G0 A5 e2 @3 L+ j函数名: setusercharsize 4 w; T& i _' O1 t! T
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度 & ?' f3 ~/ O0 J5 @
用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
" j( F7 s. I" w% A$ f程序例: 
' {& \/ u ?! m8 a* j5 p#include <GRAPHICS.H>0 A% Z% C& P& N2 @
#include <STDLIB.H>
8 h0 F* m2 }* d, I#include <STDIO.H>
( S; j5 U( o+ t2 C#include <CONIO.H>
* K( k% L4 b5 @* qint main(void) o/ }( \" p! ~( g5 e2 E/ Z
{ 3 u5 D: H! Y& d* |
/* request autodetection */ 7 _- I7 O+ N; O* a+ }/ ]1 h- @* G
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ( d- l5 w3 a) M, L1 y* \; c4 x; m
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ i- J$ _- i0 P1 f- j7 ~3 Ainitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
0 P! u' X; K# z; S, c1 ]1 K$ f/* read result of initialization */
: T! c+ o H, f. m9 J* ~0 Terrorcode = graphresult(); # z5 o7 O1 m( R% e9 r9 f
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 p5 x/ V1 F0 L' l P{
+ |3 i: c$ p% g v1 hprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); + t+ O! Y/ n6 H. O/ O. z2 `
printf("Press any key to halt:");
 ` _5 d) _8 M, b/ r1 @getch();
 F, W9 x, ` Hexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
7 Q. S; a/ v: y) z} 7 z! X3 N6 M2 f7 q
/* select a text style */ # i* l" M1 |9 E* D) |
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 4 c4 e' Y* R4 r
/* move to the text starting position */ ' M( I' }3 w4 [: e, V
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 8 t8 w! [ l& Z
/* output some normal text */ ' ~' g3 { ]6 L; O. ^
outtext("Norm "); 1 U% v! z- G7 t( Q
/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
2 b: u2 E2 C4 s& g8 h& W" d1 l4 isetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); 1 {0 H. J/ i( V8 Z$ x
outtext("Short "); , ^; V" L* I; t% a9 \2 {1 q4 f" K% A
/* make the text 3 times normal width */ 9 K4 K* d: E' ]. S" n5 r
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
' T( k" w; }) z( k5 t* ? couttext("Wide"); 
8 v1 c7 J. z% ?7 F1 I! v( [" A/* clean up */
8 c# f- i p+ e0 f% y& hgetch(); 4 n8 m7 V$ x* _9 Y ^2 L
closegraph(); % Z# I T' g' W" T" W
return 0; 7 W; O# b' D1 X& l' X- a E
} 
, a, ~- `* h# _; Z. {6 r- q3 D" L
. Q8 c6 z r2 s; p, m2 h3 z* F函数名: setvbuf 
: s! {0 R; A' o7 l9 O) S8 d功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
4 j( T9 C# p. F% l7 Y" Z; j6 ?4 R) L用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); : B" K7 ~: h& H
程序例: 
! e6 ~7 ?. R h5 G2 g#include <STDIO.H> @( R: }) H* V
int main(void) . ]; a, |4 I# L
{
) M" M* N- w7 WFILE *input, *output; 4 ~, L" A8 n6 z( }0 s
char bufr[512]; 
* J3 s: X; u( A. P8 u) A8 Finput = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
' v5 R$ u) d/ E$ Aoutput = fopen("file.out", "w"); 2 h% M+ }( x6 g8 A4 o
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, / B& V, u( I$ I; Y* o) `
using our own character buffer */
# B7 y! L+ |2 \if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) % w2 S0 B x& K. ^) l
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
7 V T9 ~& J+ e! Z* E) o# D- gelse " B& U3 R6 P0 N, I
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); $ e* }. R: F3 {# Y5 h
/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that 5 I5 P& Z1 N& g& o, g7 u
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
: z$ p: n, _/ q! [if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
% ?, c: b$ f3 p2 ]printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); 3 B7 A! G" K1 i3 b& v
else
+ Y, }) d+ x2 H4 r$ r" Mprintf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 7 A' V: f$ N) P' ^
/* perform file I/O here */ 1 Z" S; C6 l- p
/* close files */
! |& g7 D5 [! }* m0 M* [9 V! e) j& lfclose(input);
+ U+ b0 i/ d! {) P F5 B. Jfclose(output); 4 {) @" l7 q/ k7 |9 ]/ P0 s/ C0 R
return 0;
2 X* k0 I/ @2 l/ v2 o& ]} + s/ N) {2 i5 w) ^/ v

# L& A8 B' ~3 A4 u* Q3 |1 [0 [! _0 G. e) G% U2 V5 M/ m8 L
) s3 @) z" T; R
函数名: setvect 
" ^6 v( P! s- M" ]! o: s5 F功能: 设置中断矢量入口 ! j( c, S* r" P6 F' E) W
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
7 A y0 v/ y' q; l* q' r程序例: 
2 @5 M r/ {2 l0 e1 z/***NOTE: & L! H3 X$ S3 O) Y: O9 v, n/ P- n
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this : Z3 }( F: ?* t- B9 ]) d9 a5 x" U
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
0 |# y$ W* w/ z: b& jfile which will operate correctly. */ 2 q& c- W6 h, X7 v, ?! Y
#include <STDIO.H>2 L3 P6 w* K3 @# W/ w& p. [4 m
#include <DOS.H>
. B+ J& A: k( l6 t1 x% V- s- _( g9 g8 t#include <CONIO.H>
% J( ~1 W+ u" v1 [ L/ ^7 @# J4 Q#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
* U$ Y g- x/ h% O+ z" _void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 0 H4 j b% l- X
int count=0; - O' r2 m& O% Y: u! n* q
void interrupt handler(void)
1 ]6 I7 l: T, @ ]{ # j/ q, w% r; a$ Z2 x) W; T
/* increase the global counter */
) m! m5 m$ X* e6 R0 Gcount++; 5 t* l7 a, ^, Z4 Y i5 N. G# z
/* call the old routine */
- P8 Z$ x: X9 koldhandler();
6 g( S7 ?' D7 `2 g( _} 
, l% U. ]1 x6 G2 g" b: tint main(void) 7 l7 Z% q. C* H) j5 {" p& \* w# i
{
! D' F, W( { f7 n- F5 H* n# |9 S/* save the old interrupt vector */ / j3 v% u8 k$ b6 n
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 6 F* I' Y' Z% L' t+ W" ?4 Y
/* install the new interrupt handler */ ' g1 a o6 O- g& c
setvect(INTR, handler); 
/ n$ V4 Z! O; V, a" R; m1 v/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
" i5 c$ f. v1 o/ n: y$ p7 Wwhile (count < 20)
4 |. y$ r. A% Zprintf("count is %d\n",count); 
8 G2 n* r6 d1 p) P. U2 V% }+ c2 `" N% y/* reset the old interrupt handler */ $ _4 _3 ]5 K# f# O% f
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
! Z' I1 }; I2 l5 d; M" D- yreturn 0;
/ F0 P5 B6 U- q( s7 K}
- Z& E, g' i8 u$ Z P1 {
/ Y% F( A7 U, c# S
 ]2 p; W& u1 V. t) p' U, i函数名: setverify ) m% y1 G, h9 b( u1 n, m
功能: 设置验证状态
7 v4 i0 i1 z; v9 K用法: void setverify(int value);
' _2 s" s' ]% x* K5 M0 P7 x6 @程序例: 
, r/ o& E; `3 ]#include <STDIO.H>; ~1 Q o- C; E
#include <CONIO.H>$ X5 }5 a; t- y9 `6 g
#include <DOS.H>
( @7 n% v7 L" E3 tint main(void) ) f* U0 Q6 B1 B e# {& i
{ ' R3 V5 \% E* E( D
int verify_flag; 8 M9 `. u! x0 I3 L; v
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
 k! O5 U w9 tprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
( D+ r: t- O P2 W9 |6 e! x* W* _verify_flag = getch() - 0; 9 J h5 e6 C8 E) R( l( L# c" e
setverify(verify_flag); 
+ h6 i2 C! m7 v: L8 uif (getverify())
; `5 n! M6 V7 A- V6 b' |; iprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
0 B, u( b0 b- b+ t' c/ I& Z+ lelse 7 H9 i+ Q6 L/ _7 Q. T. [
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 1 m6 O7 h7 H! g, f9 F
return 0; ! n% }. Q% _) I Q
}
. ?/ x" \+ A& e+ g
. t5 f* o; g) s4 A! ]0 L
+ @4 q- R" j% D+ H( I$ ^函数名: setviewport 0 d- L7 K) X) @5 ]' m
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
. q# V0 P7 M2 t: W4 d用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
# _) k( k. L% G! L6 S( xint bottom, int clipflag); 1 ~, O) s1 v. D
程序例: 
$ M2 d' |. S9 q$ |/ V1 C#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# g+ D* s( D0 p! y#include <STDLIB.H>
- j' v) q$ o U2 Y! i#include <STDIO.H>, L) p2 ]* d1 b! a) H* ]7 R' Y# W
#include <CONIO.H>
& G. N3 H# c/ }8 y f#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
$ r% w( y+ V8 k5 i, n. D4 `4 ^int main(void) + y% @2 S) `/ |3 X- f( c N, O
{
2 H4 q( ^2 |* V9 i/* request auto detection */
1 ~3 s8 X& t4 z# q" K# C1 ?' zint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
0 P+ }1 h1 x. X/* initialize graphics and local variables */
1 ^: _6 _9 v) O1 ]initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 g: t* T! k- k) ?+ ?
/* read result of initialization */
$ f( E9 ]5 n% Gerrorcode = graphresult();
7 ?( V3 D3 @$ ~4 Wif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ; g7 W a Z* S, W* u
{
4 o0 b6 k, x+ V6 f" Cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 A& C2 M$ Q$ P6 e" I' Iprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ( h9 R1 [2 s2 Q! _/ {
getch();
" L' r2 P8 L4 kexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
' s! t! I) r, P0 M} 
+ i# K; m$ j) R6 v6 M& ?setcolor(getmaxcolor()); + ] P7 o8 r/ y" P6 e& P, O
/* message in default full-screen viewport */ ; W& c0 _: D" z5 a5 d
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
 s4 R. ~* _' K) H9 P/* create a smaller viewport */ ?% y& _. E2 }8 q5 {
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
' `1 N( A! j6 G2 V/* display some text */ / ?' q) v1 \. J& J
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 9 t% D2 E" I& B- N
/* clean up */ : G& ]" A* M. ^- A5 v
getch(); / N7 p" k6 M6 g0 x
closegraph();
' h% _# d/ w% C1 G: d! ^( }return 0;
: E' h* C8 m* _4 y1 M& T}
6 C( G7 H) j x8 p6 p5 B
9 C! a8 J3 g7 E. D4 K- Q) x3 ]' A$ y; r1 b1 G
函数名: setvisualpage , q* R. I( f! z1 G& n" t
功能: 设置可见图形页号
9 X) q9 _0 L+ k$ T5 x用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); 8 s# {3 e' j( B+ r
程序例: $ \* |, C: y9 S. f
#include <GRAPHICS.H>; E; Y/ v0 w% r' t O5 H, [6 x5 k/ a
#include <STDLIB.H>
" _5 b" O% M5 O, S& y+ R% L#include <STDIO.H>
: ~: s: K! ^+ w#include <CONIO.H>
" _& _% @/ G& K/ b, Nint main(void)
; E4 c' K4 y6 p3 c0 O; C9 v0 H{
$ K2 K9 ^4 W' x/ v3 u7 s" V N/* select a driver and mode that supports */ 7 i9 D3 y" |: _$ j1 R: a0 Z7 J
/* multiple pages. */
% T4 z- b% O8 o/ d) w3 s" P. p# Uint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
: {, @; p- @9 J+ ?+ n0 p3 Aint x, y, ht; ' P8 r+ a4 J. Y
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
# I1 S9 u- U/ @2 t7 p$ zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 9 H# a; D9 ~0 Y3 b t
/* read result of initialization */
2 _& Y% r! c& w. \. I' zerrorcode = graphresult();
) F9 n/ o0 a; V+ Cif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
; Q3 l. l( l$ z3 \{ 4 S( M' R) \, K6 L o
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 9 y3 B) K! W# h" H6 c
printf("Press any key to halt:"); v3 v) M: G/ D: _# B6 L3 t
getch(); 7 p9 l& `& E2 B. W1 f$ ?5 @ o
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 y1 b. x5 }, D# K. V( V/ V p} 
) G) }! s4 t7 fx = getmaxx() / 2;
# n' R& ^" d# H) e" \- Py = getmaxy() / 2;
4 ~6 [( n6 C3 c8 Hht = textheight("W"); 
5 B; q$ M- N2 P- v/* select the off screen page for drawing */
7 J/ Q- P3 x- K: A$ ssetactivepage(1); 8 C1 f8 h; A, v5 d, F. ]$ O
/* draw a line on page #1 */ ' ^. f5 ^9 h1 J6 O: o
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
0 R) s( h8 _+ c! {/* output a message on page #1 */
! o1 y5 B( S# }* Vsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 5 _+ h9 E, i2 |# z, r
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:"); 0 O' l0 `' }- z; h4 f' u& K D
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/ W4 S5 @) [% l; N/ _9 O/* select drawing to page #0 */ . w9 q" e! I* _8 c2 ^/ w8 F3 O
setactivepage(0); 
4 Y; a0 `% P" `$ D" P! W/* output a message on page #0 */ ' f0 Q3 c, z% ?; p
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
* y+ ~8 a" m8 S5 r9 {outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); 0 c Z# h1 L8 u) I9 P w8 V
getch(); 
9 X$ @1 F+ C4 R3 ]4 Q* r- L( \, K/* select page #1 as the visible page */ - S; n1 @3 `4 e! N% K( ^" a. T
setvisualpage(1); 1 ?; Z' s+ Y; k& B. t4 y
/* clean up */ 8 R S! B2 m, |2 W1 K
getch(); ' j c4 z) n! l9 q7 v8 y' z
closegraph();
6 X4 T! K+ W8 Q! ?2 `% C/ jreturn 0;
8 o! K" ]% k( K7 u' u: v$ ~3 t} 
6 r6 B: T# b+ v' B0 A
. r- |2 U4 A9 I0 E" S. w& r
6 N. d# P' `" C* r% S' H. ?函数名: setwritemode # ^( M: n# t/ E" V9 ^
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 : S1 z9 m) E) s% q; u
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
7 T, S7 }/ G( K) p6 M# J' Y$ R程序例: 
4 T* \( @0 E+ M2 x9 ~#include <GRAPHICS.H>2 L+ F" g, Q$ U
#include <STDLIB.H>
5 ]8 \8 E+ I( q, ]! T5 s#include <STDIO.H>
( h: `: }9 p+ D3 u9 J#include <CONIO.H>
% U7 A7 p# ^: ~1 F6 f4 h+ lint main() . S' T- l, `* V% q- F$ ^
{
( H' @. s) ^$ m; A6 f/* request auto detection */ 5 I$ O* W" _. p7 z4 H3 P
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ) k# U3 a. P. e
int xmax, ymax; 
5 R2 w" U7 X. b- M7 f% s/* initialize graphics and local variables */
; j2 e: p5 d$ H0 jinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 p$ b6 n, N" h. K# I* h0 U
/* read result of initialization */
2 W, N% r1 h# M O$ \! U$ ]errorcode = graphresult();
# g- m+ T; R2 `7 T3 Iif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ , k% F4 Z4 O+ S z* A
{ + V o; N3 Z( g/ ~% i
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * U m1 L7 q6 d8 p5 I; H7 _- t$ j
printf("Press any key to halt:");
% Y) o5 ~, Q2 d7 vgetch();
) q+ A5 D* ^/ i, Q7 J% y$ zexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ / b/ a0 v* q! w$ x, s1 T
} 
8 |' @( i: ]$ c4 w* H0 s; _$ [xmax = getmaxx(); ) q$ T- Q7 Q7 c3 C2 M
ymax = getmaxy(); 
* Y6 j- g9 {5 w; ]/* select XOR drawing mode */ 3 s9 m# \& j! ^3 R7 |
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); : ~& k9 c @4 Z1 Z) ]& ~
/* draw a line */
% r5 P0 H9 F1 L& D) Xline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); * ~5 q. m0 E; {+ s) S3 ?; A
getch(); 
" {- }; O: t$ l r F' ]7 z/* erase the line by drawing over it */
" [- h& P, I$ @" Sline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 6 c3 M' h/ n: Z5 e# d6 @' e. Q
getch(); 5 q/ H: J( I. m$ L5 ?8 D
/* select overwrite drawing mode */ ( o6 R$ F: d6 n! H8 j( e& h
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); 
, t0 D1 z3 V! m7 b/* draw a line */ 2 l7 K* I4 F2 r+ S& A% F0 w+ t
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
) ]! y8 u, A2 R/ _* R* J* l/* clean up */
3 e* f# S( @2 Jgetch();
closegraph();
return 0; 9 ?* v- n% p% q
}
7 ?/ G I# w3 a7 d J
/ q- d! M" g8 F3 q7 Y; i
& u6 u1 s5 f8 z- j函数名: signal
0 l: t, `3 |* K+ ]9 l; R功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
$ W) E8 }: D4 }7 V8 h' f用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); / {0 q4 W& W2 r0 N/ S5 W
程序例: 
2 ?! H% U2 S+ R7 i% |: x' Q/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
( F# j0 j" E0 L* T) k$ Ncatches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
% {" \& l- I. @# T4 |% @, U% vto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
, ?$ Z' s3 e7 ^( K' [* Tyour computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors ; R* ?' k8 N, J
depending on which memory model is used.
4 H L* S' t/ N) D. M* B% N*/ , }$ B/ J3 m6 ~1 \, [
#pragma inline + S! p7 y" L( V+ D! S9 i: T
#include <STDIO.H>
& B* b0 Q- Q. }1 J& W" V6 Q. f8 {#include <SIGNAL.H>- A% A: P2 @. U* |( {
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist) 4 j3 Y6 ^+ M, Y2 K( T
{
6 G" g- b) M4 z% h) Eprintf("Caught it!\n");
3 o/ G" Y5 \& L3 H( E. i*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ 8 k+ q0 O. Z7 t+ @' L+ W
} 
; ], B, L8 h' o0 K: }+ }1 mint main(void) 7 W4 k7 J2 c1 h$ E" p: ]/ s3 `
{ * _( w* t9 o1 j4 z" z: K' c2 R) [
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); : C8 x6 U( X) B3 w
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ : J' w+ l( O4 R. d0 b! _; j$ e
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
9 T" w8 S) J4 W: v1 Oasm into /* activate handler */ * Y B: k% H; E4 w! Z" Q3 P& I5 R' P
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
' G p/ i+ E9 t( q4 H4 Sthere would have been another exception when the next 'into'
6 _: n d! m- D2 P1 C7 ^was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */
1 S4 A+ M$ r4 u6 zasm dec ax /* no overflow now */
$ W' p x4 K& |) S5 k0 |asm into /* doesn't activate */
* Z9 F/ u) e! `return 0; 4 p6 @) _0 z+ D$ E5 @/ n/ ^6 `$ W7 `
}
2 \1 B5 _$ l' k5 U
 J3 v! u* t, W! k3 L! p" u; L
4 I- v; h4 G$ I" u( }6 b1 B* _$ Y) P) J7 l+ k# U
函数名: sin 4 ], p' F0 j6 W% y4 u5 Z- T
功能: 正弦函数
* Y: S* j2 h7 e" ^' {用法: double sin(double x); - r3 k- [ W% a0 b% X' L# K
程序例: 
* S7 \" C- C5 w- q4 k E#include <STDIO.H>
* q. q$ Q! {# q1 R$ ?! w7 ^. x#include <MATH.H>
# f) s1 D! g$ \int main(void)
9 g8 R4 W. e* _ U{
+ ]- Q2 @3 t& v4 n" Idouble result, x = 0.5; ) L1 y+ l" L# c: v* N2 J% w, @; x
result = sin(x);
* n% Q4 p# t6 T, m5 {printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); j8 y$ `$ n) D( U+ A0 j
return 0; + |0 ], T6 i( T
}
/ ^+ }& Z4 s1 _- C, P6 j# H
) G, i; W8 ], v& [6 Y6 W
7 k( l' [6 @9 o& P8 ?函数名: sinh ( N1 F, j0 F: F7 `! E- x
功能: 双曲正弦函数
$ e2 M5 O9 ~" y) R用法: double sinh(double x);
$ T) h6 x% b& G3 f7 |程序例: 
2 `% n. x: _0 X/ ]5 I! {#include <STDIO.H>
- {. O" X! Y. y, Z% f#include <MATH.H>
8 ?. b0 n- Q, m$ Cint main(void) 7 {! Z% Q( U% } B
{
2 H- e( C, {& ydouble result, x = 0.5; 
% p& k$ t8 F& l1 Wresult = sinh(x);
& r3 [/ l3 o4 y# eprintf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
) ]5 `8 l/ h" K0 x% breturn 0; # G: B. H* u% F+ O# R8 ^
} * C# Q. V6 Z2 w' z) v8 T1 q
, P0 `: K4 l) X
! q/ ?: [" B. L# F$ e
" W3 `5 \- F/ o1 j6 l& L. G
函数名: sleep 
! Y/ ]: s! m3 V8 |! c功能: 执行挂起一段时间 ! o5 f Q( h% b# n& z
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); + W; ], e H$ R5 r/ t: Y
程序例: , O/ x- z/ q3 M/ [' I( E! H4 d- i
#include <DOS.H>
3 I& Z; Q8 f2 Y$ w#include <STDIO.H>1 [3 ~! @( W' i4 O
int main(void) 6 G# M# _+ H5 W0 s
{
2 A( F) G) {) Q4 K+ J: e4 Aint i; / Q/ f% R+ _0 d9 w& r$ q* ?
for (i=1; i<5; i++) - W6 s$ {) r# k) k2 F; p, f# {
{ ' u6 E5 J; o) r8 @+ g- W4 T+ Z P1 @
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); 1 I$ ^ }* W, b
sleep(i);
9 V5 a5 {8 s/ ]) B/ ]: b- a}
' z" v7 Z& p7 I; |- e8 freturn 0; : F! n% V( U# V2 I
} ( N' z# K C1 ~
; k7 I% y7 Q4 S% @
( v/ p- C0 C8 {! `1 W2 M" d
 b0 p: P+ _, Q1 P7 O6 ^
函数名: sopen 
( r# f/ p* o0 [, D- N& ]' n功能: 打开一共享文件 6 s/ ]8 u5 M% E; e- `: \
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); : V) g: F: A! r( I' V
程序例: * B5 E t' Z. q5 P
#include <IO.H>
4 C# Y; b/ T+ K. T' ~# |#include <FCNTL.H>
+ X- |$ a C; h/ W+ w: i#include <SYS\STAT.H>2 v4 L/ W. a. n
#include <PROCESS.H>
+ M" m. H9 v9 t c- n& K1 A#include <SHARE.H>
1 C9 \$ \% L; M0 e" _, w4 {9 S#include <STDIO.H>6 N j7 E) b" P
int main(void) & V/ T( ~) D% x
{ i) l# o" M- Q/ ]" v# D
int handle;
! W! Q2 Q; N, Q$ Vint status; 
) g- M' ^% s; {- ]handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); * |9 I( N @# H
if (!handle) 1 L$ x* s; t/ |+ v& x8 t, Q6 S
{
6 I* ^1 h3 C8 a8 |printf("sopen failed\n"); 9 l0 [0 |9 D0 t; @+ p8 Y1 C
exit(1);
+ Y* z. G5 C& [% B$ D} 
8 A& F* o% U1 |" U5 Sstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
/ V7 Q+ [5 S) M0 M( |; D7 b$ b( S- yif (status == 0)
* E$ J, K5 ^( A+ i6 jprintf("read/write access allowed\n"); + f2 f6 {7 q- X
else 8 a- S( _/ Z2 b
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); ) Z b: r3 B* `" h4 m: e" C: E
close(handle);
' C0 F0 A. }9 C( mreturn 0;
6 Y+ t7 Y/ _# g. x3 R} ! m5 o! {5 [" }5 @

 F6 A" v( z% \1 {* H* X9 t+ _5 G U q4 u# V) v

$ k& @, }5 o$ _/ p$ x: Y4 N函数名: sound 
6 N) m! }7 b- w) U( P( v! K- Q功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 / p \6 c6 C" k* C
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
4 b, k2 d4 B$ h& j( E$ _& W0 n程序例: 
- Q7 f, Z/ ^% W! ~7 C/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. & i/ `+ g1 u" M1 u- P7 E, x
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
4 P3 K; l5 g. c+ I; h1 f( v#include <DOS.H>
# F2 N$ I4 S$ A: Wint main(void)
/ f, w. N, o! E{
& P5 @, d# x* Q# g" C3 D9 xsound(7);
9 Z% [% ?5 K; z' t0 g& v; ~3 |" Odelay(10000);
0 x6 j; ~$ A, p: w7 b6 P, Jnosound(); 2 h/ C/ M' U2 V3 y
return 0; . R" i& N1 J* _. p4 `2 e8 Y2 Q) E" O! [
} $ P9 x) q9 O j

, F2 ^% I/ f7 ~) I; ?( F# @
( c) j: N4 W- D% @. a2 q2 E: t i8 d/ K7 i
函数名: spawnl 2 c3 L) i. X" a7 {! @
功能: 创建并运行子程序 " b' _0 R. Y; V, P T9 ?& X! w
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, ; d" v+ s' v4 A) I
arg1, ... argn, NULL);
程序例: 
9 f$ R- Q" |$ d9 R4 r# R#include <PROCESS.H>- z1 o* V! j, {' o0 K+ ?
#include <STDIO.H>
) h& O d. \* U4 l. `7 _) R9 Z#include <CONIO.H>. M: {" D: D7 g8 Z, \( i/ I
int main(void) 6 X+ U) }- d) i4 t3 i' A
{
+ o/ h5 ~; y6 E8 C/ Mint result; 
! S% e9 a" @: i7 ~) Kclrscr(); ) v6 E1 M3 ^' G: W
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); & @- f7 J* {. A- }1 I
if (result == -1)
; F+ C4 g( l7 c: t( G{
% t( z5 l# A; z! s# n- s9 v8 Bperror("Error from spawnl"); , H# K& C5 g* p- s0 i
exit(1); 8 i. h. {7 Q+ m3 k. T
} - x6 O+ W! s- A9 z: z# z n" w* W
return 0;
. @2 E- c( @3 y% P3 B; l}
$ ] k) C# ]& A; [5 y3 S( ^& G
, O" `' q; T8 Y8 N$ X
! A. @$ V0 }8 `$ G函数名: spawnle 
3 w3 ~( r! }/ R) k7 Q功能: 创建并运行子程序
9 h" S& d/ @( A* U用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, ( e" h' c4 K$ G9 ~ ~
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
 d+ |# S/ M' L0 t程序例: 0 d" N, s0 C# |/ I% D! C( x2 L: w
/* spawnle() example */ 
4 W9 B& @3 p% B8 c3 c#include <PROCESS.H>
3 q3 ^ D, {! \* o H#include <STDIO.H>' [; A: l6 R2 h: A: Z% z
#include <CONIO.H>
0 @4 Y) e& X4 S' e! Y# Xint main(void) 8 P2 _( Q0 E( Q; j/ G& E! r7 w) l
{
3 k( E' y9 r% ~& `" jint result; 4 A2 @( Q9 N3 X! p
clrscr(); ! X$ c7 ~8 m( l% r
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
1 B8 w8 r) Z, {4 P. K( jif (result == -1) 9 ~/ N4 R$ [; ]; a3 U8 Y
{
# O6 ~( {* E- z& A/ V0 w! @perror("Error from spawnle"); " H+ ^7 [0 x1 X8 J' y- q3 t0 v
exit(1); 9 D, [2 s" s2 [# D: h g1 N
}
. i9 D j/ n5 _1 j) v* Mreturn 0;
+ P- q8 ], f1 q6 v6 s; q, c} 8 A8 ?8 t- g. R$ b

/ i0 r2 `9 M4 V! f r8 f# J0 q
; o: y4 O1 D& B
; f- ^4 Q( E2 s. W$ i; R函数名: sprintf 
3 V6 t0 d8 p9 v+ r9 M4 y功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 3 r) E9 a: K% O5 \3 Q9 \1 _
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]);
: o: j* }& N3 @3 h3 [; K# [程序例: - |2 x5 P: F* g# B# _+ l
#include <STDIO.H>
& e& q/ m4 b, `2 O# ~) s2 _#include <MATH.H>
2 r# I8 }( N. r# R& `$ Nint main(void) ( ~& X8 @/ a$ V0 A
{
8 U* w0 j+ m! S0 Hchar buffer[80]; 
' q$ [' Z& }. D9 Y2 o* J& O Y! isprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
: _ u) i) h, i; U% f+ e: vputs(buffer);
5 h7 I" [- n' f* Ereturn 0;
5 ^+ q! T4 s7 h/ n; L8 Z}
* @5 \9 }$ g1 Y1 P
3 u3 k1 }( ^' m b, D6 i1 {6 l+ m: q6 @. N2 `0 }, ?
函数名: sqrt 
. r! J- e1 s. ?! ?. o功能: 计算平方根 6 u1 q$ a4 |7 p- B: J" P& j
用法: double sqrt(double x); 4 N7 t, `$ _$ L. @# }$ l
程序例: 
/ B8 u3 \- L$ G4 _#include <MATH.H>' c. s$ C9 L" ], P. e1 V' z9 D& |
#include <STDIO.H>$ i- Z$ o0 x, B6 B$ ]2 N) m) B9 O7 n/ ]
int main(void)
" H1 P+ Q; B# `' O R{ & c/ O4 Q" t: ^: R6 j. q
double x = 4.0, result; & N6 a& g6 P8 i# F; |0 q3 c# |
result = sqrt(x);
% G$ m2 t$ O/ Rprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); : a) z/ U) f6 ^) S" v
return 0;
1 K7 U; h+ U$ A}
* E8 k( E7 P% y0 H" C! n T) Y3 O. ]& Q3 g$ ?& J2 _
函数名: srand 
0 \ H( b Q2 `功能: 初始化随机数发生器
2 `5 Q, F. ?5 J- A6 x9 Z用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
9 B; V$ J& t3 i4 H程序例: 2 Q9 }# L9 I! A- O
#include <STDLIB.H>7 Q W3 r) g& z$ F. C; N. N' m
#include <STDIO.H>
! `4 h5 u! a7 \! \ m7 E#include <TIME.H>
 C) I# w; C+ h6 U: Dint main(void) 0 Y' I. H C& a7 U# d4 v3 n
{
: H* O' D! H- s, r6 pint i; 1 b2 D. |! N1 b, p
time_t t; 
7 o! n# k1 _% ?) o. J9 dsrand((unsigned) time(&t)); 6 A, O; N V5 }, w# p
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); 1 Q1 d& b* k# O- w4 T
for(i=0; i<10; i++) 8 ?1 {+ s! [3 P
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
" W) e1 J) B/ ]return 0;
) m1 X! Z# F# w# }/ F1 E% }} 8 X3 O& w* z# O: X/ u% C
: d8 Y7 f# q/ T a1 L, C
& H: u* T( ` k. a: j* Z
函数名: sscanf 4 n1 z& c s. Q, N
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
 J: @, f$ V! ~% ~: Y用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); X3 G& D- [( ^& L
程序例: 
0 a9 Y2 u: Q8 y' w, V, C#include <STDIO.H>( k8 N- y% c- I5 [# q! H/ }) J
#include <CONIO.H>! p' {# Q+ \0 }6 D
int main(void) 6 m$ j" i4 C/ \& Z6 g
{ $ f1 q: d E" v! F9 P
char label[20]; 6 C: b; f" A$ c
char name[20]; $ b+ `0 x7 [- I% |8 \! Q% V3 Q/ ?
int entries = 0; 9 f6 v+ i. D% G+ h" s9 y
int loop, age; # I% j( s! t. x! ]& U9 G# a
double salary; 
; K% {, [6 I5 b3 Y3 }9 Dstruct Entry_struct ) Z0 D c7 r& [. A
{ L5 k7 p$ n) }1 V
char name[20]; 9 m A2 P0 T: L1 u" }! R4 g
int age;
' }' [* D G, ?4 J k: y2 a \+ Xfloat salary; ; e$ N3 p) z- ^, J' Z* g) Y( Q
} entry[20]; . b' Q: A5 d- l( L! P. u1 I
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ 9 g- u# E- T6 q4 m+ T: ? g
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); $ E9 O8 t0 g( K; Z& x" t5 \7 Q1 W
scanf("%20s", label);
4 j0 g: f5 E8 t" `, Jfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
& V0 b) k" y8 j: ?6 ?% q) A/* Input number of entries as an integer */ : Q% r: j2 C% O
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); 8 Q2 A& W/ O; f/ _
scanf("%d", &entries); - q* i$ I1 h% j9 C) T
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
% b2 ^9 c) g9 |/ a/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ ; d- E; N& [8 |& ?; j7 O6 ^ X3 R& s" q1 c
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
 s7 W. x8 w( G. e: p {
3 _! c( B+ I( Sprintf("Entry %d\n", loop);
2 g2 }( K& N5 P) }2 I; d. l( uprintf(" Name : ");
% C1 _& V3 q' K/ ~2 Y0 v$ rscanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
$ u7 x" y; y% }7 l) @$ l2 g6 V) {fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ " `8 b% }3 O/ o& z
/* input an age as an integer */
 I4 N4 s6 @; S' S* Aprintf(" Age : "); + ^, Z2 N) P7 n: d4 Y
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); ( |( m4 J' x3 o9 v" ~
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
- F0 J% u6 X) F/* input a salary as a float */
9 S. f# M* U D) Aprintf(" Salary : ");
+ c7 U) O# \/ P) tscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
2 U6 \6 ^' [* X& Z1 Sfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
- G+ [7 z$ ~$ y+ X) v} 
$ U' t# O* B9 ^) [% Y+ q# j/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ 5 L/ w, y. c# Z" S( D
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); 2 m/ }. e: I+ ~. r6 ]5 h7 t
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); * o: G, d2 e% Z( A+ b+ `
3 T9 B$ M W+ z) v4 D" u- A
/* Print out the data that was input */ . J5 D/ H3 D$ ^1 _! Z2 F8 ~
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); ! ?$ Y2 c4 |3 o, J1 r* R0 S
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
. p4 k) H Y: f1 ^$ hprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); ; W9 a8 z& M2 m' @" E6 c
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
2 \; V9 B) s. H8 s9 K printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
% M9 `4 k% d# ], j/ U& D1 h" {% lloop + 1,
7 h3 |; W" k& G6 ~; R, \entry[loop].name, 1 o- m; h. x7 A- z4 e
entry[loop].age,
" z3 L8 `2 N1 T+ v, W( sentry[loop].salary); ! S! B0 {8 d# B- `4 k+ c* O
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
3 `& X1 J9 J ureturn 0; 7 k: f3 L' h2 S; b, a$ J
}
/ t& m3 g" s: F, ]& W# U/ s) G7 T
% m: E8 V; m* w! N4 ?
函数名: stat 
8 W+ l) D- E, L( ~, p' k9 m2 f功能: 读取打开文件信息
$ w/ e+ \' }) c- B/ D* _# j用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); 9 i6 m- v8 c% {: | [% Z' f% S
程序例: 4 B9 s9 Z! u9 m0 T2 q2 \. i5 E
#include <SYS\STAT.H>6 S+ j( Q4 i! I" L- D& l
#include <STDIO.H>5 P+ ]. ?2 s/ o
#include <TIME.H>
8 }: |, b2 ~' z) k5 t5 a#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" , @; K3 S8 W' z( b* c. Q
int main(void) l* p: U: b9 |8 H3 h: m- ^; ?
{
* P/ V+ E J3 K2 a- Fstruct stat statbuf; ' K, q$ z! h0 H
FILE *stream; % l9 U9 a$ h; o3 U) ^7 d. d
/* open a file for update */
& Y) E) Y/ ?( v8 h0 {if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) ) A/ r1 h& T, L( C9 \+ e
{
( n. e N# I5 { m! Y ufprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
5 X, s7 G! c: A* }9 [3 x% J/ Mreturn(1); 2 W& o5 }3 L( I, G
} 
( @* |% R% x0 ^+ @/* get information about the file */
5 J/ r6 {: F8 mstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 
# g `% o# q# ]2 ~$ Lfclose(stream); 
& Y: M2 @) [/ h# `/* display the information returned */ 4 X! q/ O; V. ^
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) # j6 q( U, M: C) d, ?7 p0 K
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); ) |% t# h& u @) A# q0 @3 ?$ K+ B
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG) 4 F9 j# ^4 k* [! {5 I" `4 {* b: m
printf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); 5 s' C6 U. ?8 ~( J# r( k' l
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) 5 k: S, G5 L+ ]6 d/ Q. a$ R6 H8 x
printf("User has read permission on file.\n"); 2 l) m2 _# W7 ?! O& s: m
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) 5 }, t& A1 `+ y
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); J: ?+ K; `# h; m
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); 3 ]# | H/ X X( u
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
% G0 D* i+ K7 q& S+ uprintf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
9 a6 f, n& ~* t' ?) G8 G3 L& \0 _return 0;
0 o0 t+ y- v/ J' r}
% ~' v$ G% j0 H( ?8 z0 L* G7 a0 O& L7 {* I( f; s
- V' ]- l3 H+ l) ^1 _( B
/ [+ f0 G- w) D* n7 @
函数名: _status87 , P! r+ q' L+ E. [% c1 M, l) h
功能: 取浮点状态 8 C$ n: l' k- y- h: w
用法: unsigned int _status87(void); ! E6 |2 P' j$ ~; {9 D* n* t
程序例: 6 r, F2 A: H! a) ^" Z @
#include <STDIO.H>
. p, |4 i9 M) l# L" u#include <FLOAT.H>
3 g0 d+ K g9 B* p. K' sint main(void) 0 k }4 G2 D: Z' }; d& R3 |
{
, U T Z! C$ X& v( ]2 Bfloat x; 5 I$ y _ x! O' _6 \1 L L" a
double y = 1.5e-100; 
8 [( @, [/ H8 \/ Eprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); " V; z- k/ n8 n( w* n; j
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
7 S( u t: n! t$ O6 f* t# sy = x; / Y' \! p5 w0 l: n& z; n, H
printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
! M; B6 o6 W. ]) Hreturn 0;
$ y D5 A7 ~2 `' G! V) ?: ^ D* ~}
9 @9 I" j) E; Q$ H8 x- `: ~! v
1 ]( _7 W$ k% h" k7 M d2 B# N
; A8 F( ` c1 r8 d8 r5 l3 L函数名: stime 
2 U1 O4 n6 F3 f& f! V" s功能: 设置时间
6 v9 [, V$ `/ v" m, d7 f- f# C9 H; [# P用法: int stime(long *tp); 3 t; c$ N, c1 N1 X; u$ O
程序例: 
8 |0 f T( Q0 H$ M. ?#include <STDIO.H>
# U K/ |5 B/ g0 J#include <TIME.H>
0 j0 x2 ], u- |- x9 n9 d5 b#include <DOS.H>
/ c' K; }: P0 v0 ^3 Mint main(void) + s: d3 ?; q% ^, s/ \, d' _
{
. r2 U$ ~4 i/ y: O. _, Etime_t t;
- j$ @. A! f3 e# Y: k5 N, jstruct tm *area; 
' z- g5 t2 C5 P+ et = time(NULL); 2 R2 C! J% n( e' J: T
area = localtime(&t); 8 ]# A1 M2 E! X9 H5 V- K" l5 f
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
' a% h" R1 f9 O- ]' Yprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
8 j0 l( \4 v9 k& N1 S4 M {) u/ Rt++; + ?8 r+ B) V3 F% O# U0 }# Q
area = localtime(&t); # S7 M! G+ @/ @8 ]2 D
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
2 C+ Y! ]& F8 m. W: I2 c$ {$ Tt += 60;
8 d4 J: Z$ O2 \& D rarea = localtime(&t);
) Q; Q& s9 X/ r4 Jprintf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
t += 3600; . |4 N x5 ~/ c) z8 R0 k
area = localtime(&t); ( r F% d( |3 Y+ V
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
( l6 F, ~: ^3 n5 k% xt += 86400L; " @9 U q. S" s# i3 ?; V
area = localtime(&t); 7 z0 j8 y/ C& E2 q7 C; r( T8 S! _
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
" l$ n, ?9 I7 c: w$ g1 ?% t# A/ Xt += 2592000L; ) [8 s5 u7 A" h2 o
area = localtime(&t); 3 \: T) T8 U/ P; j" q) p% D) ^
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
1 @ v+ R4 V( L. kt += 31536000L; / z6 z y) {$ P( H
area = localtime(&t);
" g# U: X% ~+ f% c( \* Sprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); ; ?% @# J; m5 U4 l
return 0;
, W* B4 ]3 z% u- y} ) \8 k0 t) ?) O

: s/ f3 j6 F1 V9 o3 W4 K% M& R+ |/ I" v& P0 A

8 l* D" Q- C- ^0 z函数名: stpcpy $ Y8 ]0 b4 h; p
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 : h* A3 s% U1 ~, f/ D& B* d T, {
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); 8 v) G% I; h1 v1 b5 p1 w
程序例: 
; T: ?0 A5 _' S- q#include <STDIO.H>% Y8 I$ _* u( q3 U7 v
#include <STRING.H>
# Q5 Z& W1 O) }+ ^' V6 yint main(void)
/ ?1 e: y: J8 S- e7 V{
& \8 T, d9 |* m r* Ochar string[10]; 5 Q# d( m% d! Z4 x
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
' U9 q- Z; k' i4 Vstpcpy(string, str1);
# w k4 t. H$ w* u6 u6 Kprintf("%s\n", string); 8 u8 l* j3 v+ H9 R+ V$ w
return 0; 3 l9 B* D6 A' l3 F. T, K3 o
}
, D! D1 Q! c" P* d/ v3 \ f) H s( ]. {; _& n6 y1 O/ y

$ w- v3 Q" g6 w
5 P7 }# R3 R- t: _0 t9 A函数名: strcat 3 } i/ t/ j! B; z/ F
功能: 字符串拼接函数
7 ^5 z" ]+ F& c9 v: E; U# N$ I用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); ) {# [1 ]& f2 o: n1 ]( d
程序例: 
/ l: r. r0 p I#include <STRING.H>, n' S& B( E' h& w, g
#include <STDIO.H>
2 q0 d" @; }. x& u$ q' vint main(void) " w- [0 a% [2 S# L5 P/ F
{ 2 |5 y x; h& Y V9 l8 I( ]2 o0 Z
char destination[25]; & M6 _" h' [5 [9 G
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
1 G+ e4 s) i4 i# y2 _6 m5 istrcpy(destination, Borland); , x9 p9 W( w( S4 v2 R
strcat(destination, blank);
3 ~4 s; O% Y3 Hstrcat(destination, c); 4 {1 J) k; s1 A, M
printf("%s\n", destination); 6 R9 f* j4 h6 c8 \; K* M3 G
return 0; 1 I, @. w) S8 f6 A4 i, |
}
8 K5 W; v# i, _" I0 `: F
- R3 \0 A8 \% W7 H; U6 p# ?+ n" f) Y! c1 Z- w

# m2 C& D( P( n/ {0 f/ _函数名: strchr 
! j1 x0 I H# @& s, z/ {4 X$ X功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ 8 q1 u) j' [: ^9 r# \
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); " n# Q) |& O' ?4 d4 t% O( u$ j, C
程序例: ( Z+ D: |" m6 o, F- V
#include <STRING.H>
9 L: C3 [1 t" f" D, J; M#include <STDIO.H>
6 ?9 G& o( I/ p+ R t5 Wint main(void) 4 P# F8 [, [# j2 P
{
5 `; L( X: g5 F! O- ychar string[15]; + e- X g* T& Y/ a0 q9 `
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
. }3 H8 J. b+ L- [" ^/ |strcpy(string, "This is a string"); - g) K; q% t) o
ptr = strchr(string, c);
* X2 d) ?% j( N1 Y) ^if (ptr) , I. A) s! S2 N' ^/ u% u4 t7 B
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
1 r# Z; e; Z( Q5 k, gelse 2 H: Z3 y7 {3 s. w1 n9 N
printf("The character was not found\n"); 0 a$ y7 c! W, d8 c/ I. s. \ H
return 0; / n0 T& N1 m$ y3 g4 |
} ; x, o; D$ @! Z6 [' Z
. w$ @" P, q0 U/ g8 t

 \( j7 m. v+ {/ ~) a3 Y, |
3 y4 H Z% Q7 ?" n% \ {: K函数名: strcmp
( U7 o: k; V; V' T# i功能: 串比较 - d! r1 m( ]& z1 z; z3 K
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); ; O" Q: |2 S$ ~( ]. S2 _1 N
程序例: 
* O, F+ `) O+ G! m! V8 K! j7 k#include <STRING.H>& S) f/ G: \4 V5 G5 Q
#include <STDIO.H>
- W2 _- q; Y% X; [$ {' iint main(void)
9 I5 x1 u& C) G# Q' c$ y{ 8 F2 h7 U4 w& l( \# P
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; 6 h9 c+ d. U7 W4 B
int ptr; 
5 w: m+ J. Y; v, aptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
) W; @1 m& V; B9 @if (ptr > 0) " P; M1 W- O" K+ `$ k! R7 [% b
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 0 a- `0 m" U* D
else $ {' P! X5 ~$ z1 O4 {- R
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); , ~9 y6 q$ d5 o) C* s5 h
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
9 ]- X; r7 Z; m+ E$ ]: Yif (ptr > 0)
* r5 z2 |* l* h0 J' yprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); 2 T1 b9 s; G2 }7 P0 W) b
else ) v/ F% y$ B& I
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
# R) J4 d2 m9 c+ T% F1 p2 _1 creturn 0; 9 E- [# x6 r4 e, @% D& \; @
} 9 I3 h8 R+ x$ K7 ^6 c7 v2 P3 C
1 c' ~: K( Z! _: ]$ J
4 v% J. r J" X5 Y; \( x7 ^! x

, {3 q* h( f! u8 a" R# }- M函数名: strncmpi 
5 G. X2 Y# \/ y/ @9 b( `功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
7 i: B. }8 N1 E- Q Y用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
! C+ ^! O) o! [" Q/ @/ y程序例: 
9 v3 k( w4 e+ Y( F9 }5 B* L$ ?( D#include <STRING.H>9 A" Z+ O& K) e$ i* ^- Y$ A* D- M
#include <STDIO.H>
 G9 {# r! ^; V1 s, U! g- dint main(void) ' C( f0 x- |! A4 x
{
' C3 Q- _+ p, n. qchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
" {3 P+ D8 I7 k. vint ptr; 
* N, m& l( ?2 R% Q2 o& `ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); % ?( ~7 l3 N2 _& E% q. {+ Q
if (ptr > 0)
% z4 x) Q: T7 d. e2 e" X2 o/ |; Xprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 6 @& a& y& a/ F h4 R
if (ptr < 0)
2 F4 X9 Q% t4 U% A6 O/ l0 X t jprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
0 o9 j7 Y1 T) F# K1 s0 g# iif (ptr == 0)
% J! A7 A) l; x. V6 p$ f& _printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
( w% |" o! C- ureturn 0;
+ ?' y0 Y9 c. t} ) H. u% T/ @* n2 y/ |
' I; F6 z, q2 f x+ t/ A# U3 r

. |( e: E. h5 W0 B
$ v7 U+ j0 l7 P) K c函数名: strcpy 
3 G. p3 N. [. X功能: 串拷贝
 E7 v$ ?& R. U4 G用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
6 ^/ j4 W2 R, z" u9 v$ _程序例: 8 u; _* g& [1 U$ q" | I _, N
#include <STDIO.H>: d$ q. Q/ c' M, M, V* H) x: U
#include <STRING.H>- L4 Z8 ~0 V" _3 {1 ]! X) R
int main(void) 6 F5 q/ r/ Z) U0 c2 ~4 d# X
{ 0 [; Z8 ?+ X# `) _5 z" `
char string[10]; + k" l a+ b* O7 b7 g/ E
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
! L, \9 c7 _9 n! L L# istrcpy(string, str1); L( p6 F* |* ]2 n6 O
printf("%s\n", string);
1 a2 [9 |3 b/ @4 F$ \2 Ireturn 0;
- _, k: t9 p( o. G! J} * G, I( f0 s S( j
2 @* W3 Q/ S& b& F( d

) [8 i1 ?! o; i+ r" _7 j
# R" f& e9 @ N! W, u' g/ c函数名: strcspn 
: w7 _2 Q9 {: D9 z3 U* j功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
! Q3 z6 w( B: o( l# V! A; D% m用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
" R2 c8 Q% W L H! ~7 ?3 M程序例: 7 C! o& s4 |5 Z6 u3 w2 g/ U
#include <STDIO.H>
. H8 Y, T9 V! A#include <STRING.H>
0 \0 d4 ]2 v8 g% Z6 c; i#include <ALLOC.H>
* a# c' m) @" u# `& w4 ?* mint main(void)
8 D' Q c$ p( V$ _' g6 `{
 L: E1 r- O, ^! D+ V- tchar *string1 = "1234567890";
( h7 P' G% Y$ Y2 ~- }0 [% x1 C. xchar *string2 = "747DC8"; 9 [" {$ _5 `7 v+ G, b/ `" K
int length; 
+ ]7 W( d' L. G: Llength = strcspn(string1, string2);
0 [9 U' ~' C0 \# O7 @printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); " f- N) l7 ]" }- d% G3 u# P# w
return 0; B8 L C. C4 q G' y9 N& @- B
} 7 i: b5 T1 O r! U5 p9 o: x
 w' D+ L2 x1 s% h+ Q6 w

1 r+ d: q; a. c C: _" I+ F v( N
函数名: strdup 
& C; ?8 Y! I8 D" }7 i( E功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 7 j5 B, L9 l4 T5 |
用法: char *strdup(char *str); ; L4 {" ?' `& `1 c4 Z- I( H
程序例: 
* ^* x% J: u0 w; j6 i3 u#include <STDIO.H>
3 b z1 Z' I0 J#include <STRING.H>
. m* t: O/ e$ I0 w& x6 B) ^3 ^#include <ALLOC.H>
1 J; n/ A1 F6 Bint main(void)
% L _$ I, b$ p{
& l w: b3 h- p h% t: uchar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 3 t, _& c E( z d
dup_str = strdup(string); 4 D) K* ]0 ]' Q+ I. y
printf("%s\n", dup_str);
5 {/ {" j8 A" c: Tfree(dup_str); & N2 V# m4 y6 _& x$ G& u; {9 `
return 0; 3 r+ A0 o2 ^! e! |/ q9 O: g" U
}
6 E0 G0 `& |+ V& p$ J7 T( \( k0 |
5 ?6 E" H, P5 V! E# V) p+ \1 c' s6 N0 s% u7 s5 [

' m. A) C' O! t6 x函数名: stricmp 
" R8 ?! ~$ F0 _3 @ z; R功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 , ^* A- O, O! x# Z3 a
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
. v9 K& l+ n& F5 x% _程序例: 
9 n+ \ K4 Y# s0 G. F* U9 X#include <STRING.H>
; ]6 p+ T2 v# q# g) H1 U#include <STDIO.H>- Z0 r: ?; X: a$ _# f' b# e
int main(void) : T2 _8 A* `$ o8 D
{ 6 U% b. d9 J7 x4 E& j" l& q4 H$ P
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
# V5 L1 {! c4 sint ptr; 
" a/ O! B% Y( X, W7 L. kptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); ( R: s* e. v/ L' g2 q5 C7 i" x
if (ptr > 0)
' G$ \, @- N1 M4 \( |: @- r7 ]printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); / C; o- r5 z8 x ]2 Z' }+ H% P
if (ptr < 0) $ a3 a0 p7 `: K4 t8 i! C# Y, y
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
$ A. @# ~ D, L2 Y. Hif (ptr == 0) ! D3 f5 F; o! i. [6 o+ b
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
$ m. s( ^% D$ _! ~return 0;
2 E' M7 y. C. x8 h6 |}
( `/ D6 G9 T: u9 l, a% [ c
2 G# Q6 U8 v8 Z8 F& X. ?0 A" M( W9 D* Q0 o
函数名: strerror / J6 E! @# N/ {! Q" ~
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
8 h/ W- x- e" B: ^+ z2 q, A. ~% N用法: char *strerror(int errnum); 7 y% B2 p y1 r
程序例: 8 p* W$ D4 k& R( \: ?: Y
#include <STDIO.H>
8 A* C. V& R {0 ?. Z4 B#include <ERRNO.H>/ ^! ~1 Y8 e o
int main(void) 0 G, h j% {+ S% m4 \4 F/ s; I3 O5 `
{
% O: B' P9 T3 O2 z. Bchar *buffer;
, y w) y, H2 g- e" y$ nbuffer = strerror(errno); , ^, C2 C- d3 w& k; Q' ^) Q
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer); % F8 F6 U$ ?8 z n& ?
return 0;
! k* `* V) }4 }7 c& k2 X/ x} 2 X" b4 O2 K. |& }9 y2 @% s' u! s

/ f6 H2 ^# b% U, W# R0 R' z8 ~
) q- w" s! }" l% s d4 n- u/ K- _4 W9 u2 L& a: o2 `
函数名: strcmpi 
* f- R: c# B T- L- X5 p& D功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 `, S: @+ b* F B
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 0 L# n+ J$ j0 a* t% V8 r
程序例: 8 A& j, t. x* @: Q" Q( _
#include <STRING.H>7 h8 f$ t9 ]+ m. F
#include <STDIO.H>
. ^8 N; h v( w5 a4 l9 u$ eint main(void) & W. C) E1 q( V% k8 u
{
3 j' \, W- X% O# W) K) e6 Qchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
1 M& _# s- v; j1 G$ X/ _$ Q: b9 [; v9 Zint ptr; 9 N- l# T/ t& d/ Y$ V' o. \
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
8 p9 ~! t$ f/ }7 _' Mif (ptr > 0)
% S6 N3 e7 L4 J$ _2 {1 o2 Fprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
, }0 v( B# N* A! Z- hif (ptr < 0)
/ ^6 S m! a! [9 F T+ X* Vprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
6 X- i _% M; Y4 t- B' sif (ptr == 0) - ?1 ]7 H$ V& ?3 U
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); , l; \. c, b6 n) P5 C' I
return 0;
$ A; [& L2 J ~' s# u% s N1 _0 f}
0 M1 _; n, c* x. E/ I: Q) F
 D6 b* Z4 O& u! f1 S/ }5 _* Y" h- J m+ @# R8 R8 T' ?1 W% B @
. S+ m" M8 m! R; s* D1 z
函数名: strncmp 
& m/ c5 o* R! V" P X) A功能: 串比较 , }4 g" n) B* J" D! ?1 L3 m$ E
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
" O2 o# f/ L: b" H( l( C程序例: ) U& q8 G& F$ o) h1 |
#include <STRING.H>
$ a) p6 t4 Y3 ~' B" c; E#include <STDIO.H>
( Z: {; q& ]8 Y7 g) Sint main(void) 
& \9 O: Y( i/ S7 u4 d' _{
* ?7 @" d! }* R* S' @' i3 k5 j, Jchar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
, A. s7 c P" {( `int ptr; |% ]+ w3 K9 u/ {
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
& h8 H) q2 S; K! Rif (ptr > 0) 1 }6 m9 `% D- z/ V
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 4 D- W: t( f( W1 R" c- H, p
else
9 l7 t) }' f# P9 t/ K( uprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
/ x7 i' B6 R6 |; P9 S" ^ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
) E% r8 e: A, Y; K: sif (ptr > 0) 7 l& J6 W4 _# y' h5 q& Q
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
3 X& i/ m _- ?. W/ u8 g+ nelse ' R3 @) ?: @! V% Z' n
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 1 }9 t5 P& W8 ]& B
return(0); , B+ s7 y( k9 `" U' t7 f8 j
} ) \$ x) W( e5 I# m {7 [* d E C
* H0 {; _" |9 y

3 O/ d0 c' b7 w/ H8 ^0 E函数名: strncmpi 
. y( D8 T/ k+ [4 t e功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 7 C, d1 b2 [7 O0 x2 o. [: `; Y
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
/ O2 y# L; K" j程序例: 
1 q: L3 e2 i) A0 ^! ?5 N& p, X: R#include <STRING.H>! C/ a8 m1 o/ h O! G
#include <STDIO.H>; J8 P! C5 F9 I; \
int main(void) ; t8 E/ \) a9 R- W5 f1 \* i
{ ( o4 P% P6 t* d/ Q2 s
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
& I- Q4 B8 Z3 H9 uint ptr; ! ^# i# }+ x. k. D9 J; m
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); # f9 h Z$ B$ h; [! d5 D1 w
if (ptr > 0)
( C3 x/ e7 {2 R U2 N! i2 uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
* w$ R& ~: B R, F7 uif (ptr < 0) 6 |9 i: [) @; O ]& |& e
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); , d% W! W/ O. Y1 }* H* R G
if (ptr == 0) 0 i ?4 Z; v, Z% J/ U5 s6 r6 h2 a" e
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); ; i. u( s/ X2 N8 d6 |/ a, G
return 0; $ C$ }3 I# W* w. D
}
$ a: {' t; g( U: @; `( x
! e1 N5 E" f- x! q* Q2 e4 |, N4 d$ z8 K4 `) B8 Y- T
函数名: strncpy 
$ a6 \: s2 L0 e9 f功能: 串拷贝 # H3 V2 H* Y/ e2 ~
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); 2 v! y% C! ]: l' U. m% i5 ` e: x
程序例: ( M& p8 N" S8 u6 P. {
#include <STDIO.H>
% M7 B! L: ]# H: @5 e#include <STRING.H>2 ~% P! p9 O6 p( y- k; @$ a
int main(void)
2 M2 D: E4 K, E{
 X' ]+ q- f2 d$ o# Rchar string[10];
* Q: J* M/ N6 Z, H* V( n. _" {+ fchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; % M- r7 r6 {6 U
strncpy(string, str1, 3); ! ]! c" o/ b9 j/ b8 v
string[3] = '\0'; 4 k; n: q2 U- Z. j
printf("%s\n", string); . R' z l! W) M6 ~5 a) t4 u! _8 g
return 0;
9 X3 v+ P3 m- h) ?}
$ P/ o4 y. T; S" J5 A: c+ w W, _8 t I% |8 H0 h9 r

, M2 ~' D" k' a- p9 z" w+ v1 A函数名: strnicmp 9 e1 g7 B4 g( C" d9 ?
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 ( P+ w, h7 j9 A# `7 W4 v! J& `/ G5 T
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
# I+ h7 |9 S* `' i6 d- A- w程序例: 2 x; @* f W: R0 N
#include <STRING.H>
3 y, t( y" ^5 c#include <STDIO.H>
( r' l t. B3 a: |* ^9 v3 L M% lint main(void)
+ r# x: H2 c V* q3 Q{
' H4 [9 B) w2 Y) x% g4 f) a: ?char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
6 v! M' }: w* qint ptr; 
) ?0 x. h: e" x m6 V/ qptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
6 ?' K% z$ f, d/ uif (ptr > 0) & [- o! D \# {8 K$ @7 K3 n
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
9 E# C+ |; }% Hif (ptr < 0)
# H* ]: m. | j- Jprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ! O0 v( N0 `$ N: }! M0 g9 X
if (ptr == 0) & f- j: R/ U8 N, s
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
* a# }/ t) A/ v& dreturn 0; 8 c2 D. b" ~$ @3 N E; R8 d
} 4 `& u5 X' a' h# B/ E

# ~8 D0 `" F0 A. S) W2 X% _8 [* a( V
; H3 i4 Z4 W7 p9 M$ [% \1 D* ^0 k$ b& b5 `
函数名: strnset 
* {- j+ m0 V+ }2 t9 |3 A7 n% {功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 3 \- A! |; e1 f! m& z* J
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); ( u, W# Z# \, E h/ {& p! j
程序例: 
/ L+ w# |0 i/ \5 j1 s% V#include <STDIO.H>
5 o* N9 M+ \; U#include <STRING.H>' B5 a, B) ^1 o( [
int main(void) v) r* ?8 U; X( \2 l* B
{
( s% ]; j1 o$ p( D2 zchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; & G5 `5 M6 Z8 I- M
char letter = 'x'; ' V. g& F( q2 W
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
) o0 X" f) V+ |7 [strnset(string, letter, 13);
: W5 U* R* ]: E6 dprintf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
/ L5 J( _( Q& c0 h8 E" s) S8 ureturn 0; 1 q& ]$ _1 z: D
} ' N; F& {5 M! K L$ h% E+ W% G
* V1 S0 p4 l9 C# ^
3 e9 g8 t3 R& x% }' A- a& p
函数名: strpbrk - Q! I* U- V5 M; \% J; n* A5 G
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
( n8 [3 D7 s5 r, l, D用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); ! W$ |3 h4 C8 p8 W6 J4 S/ t) |: f
程序例: & p' I) H2 w- _" H( l
#include <STDIO.H>
9 U4 T; k' _ a% j; _#include <STRING.H>; Q3 S6 P$ U8 A# \7 R0 q0 [& G
int main(void) ! e6 G* q" d; y' R' A% d: E
{ $ J" r0 b7 \1 p# D
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
8 H5 y4 x, h! j- e, D' {3 v5 H2 fchar *string2 = "onm";
5 x& o+ z6 V* m9 _char *ptr; 
+ a: ~# _9 g7 G% Wptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
/ Q0 a4 i2 \+ J5 Yif (ptr) 0 A# W5 F2 G) e5 h& u. I
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); ( `: ?; k8 p$ t9 F4 n" i
else
) E$ j* _4 v4 t5 [0 I# e7 mprintf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
( N2 R' c5 }, w5 Xreturn 0;
+ y) U9 {, g0 J* t9 {9 G}
9 O& _; I$ ~+ h0 G- _* T. y: a# N+ q
8 }0 H$ N8 l) A3 X
% e( x) v3 _4 R8 ]
函数名: strrchr 
4 V) @ _2 G3 I7 X功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
) |# J6 ]& _9 @. {( A( M6 j1 H. ]用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); ) Q3 E9 B; y" |
程序例: * M) W6 \( Q7 q' b& o
#include <STRING.H>& F7 X P$ V6 b9 x r B6 k
#include <STDIO.H>
: p0 h( V1 o" ^8 Z; {' X6 |! [int main(void) 6 N+ v2 G+ b) k5 `3 D
{
& N0 ]3 p( ]( v* h) x7 X$ vchar string[15]; 6 w; |2 @" x$ f( Y2 ]+ Y& D7 K8 C
char *ptr, c = 'r'; ; U P: g( a3 w7 d# i# q! _
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); ) {6 S6 E6 G8 `" [8 ]* H
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
3 F8 V" V0 W1 J0 R* T. fif (ptr)
& L/ y% R/ Y5 d% W6 B. P3 \printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); ; u$ x' Q I) M( W
else
$ L' E' Y: l, C6 w# y. P. k% aprintf("The character was not found\n"); 5 b! b5 w0 b3 X' P7 ?
return 0; ' [0 d+ t' z9 E5 g3 L
} 
6 ^- G2 O* ~0 x7 w' J$ }7 L4 k6 `6 ?2 Q" n
4 l1 [! [2 R; D

 B; p# N, c! }7 p p函数名: strrev 
+ n4 X4 \7 [( P. O8 y5 `# M& v功能: 串倒转 : G5 y* }) I7 A8 }/ T' ]
用法: char *strrev(char *str);
% e& e' ]4 r: i程序例: & Q. P# {/ G( V ^; \) s) }& Q
#include <STRING.H>! r, _( G. O; \5 r% G5 D' e1 E
#include <STDIO.H>
8 _( E! \' w& e+ q8 m7 ?int main(void) / L+ r6 j6 J8 v4 E( d! d* F+ Y
{ 5 C- \5 n( ? [
char *forward = "string"; 
7 d* F1 H$ k) Z5 u) Nprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
; H7 Z8 V/ s4 _# T1 j) astrrev(forward); 8 \" h. V' x8 O
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
' w" ^; x7 f; W/ Preturn 0;
; C# D d. |! W$ x% W7 t- E" ?} 4 y) x- z; E0 Z) ]+ d

1 h) U$ q+ J2 \* u" D/ y5 [& G6 ~) o函数名: strset 
- Y( `1 a4 E1 g* a k0 C功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
( H+ W' E* G, X W+ b+ X6 j2 ~用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
! B! H: L) E7 S& h% l) o' w程序例: 
, s0 \. K$ [1 W+ @, f1 h; j* O#include <STDIO.H>
2 R- E* i; I k- i4 h; U+ p; h#include <STRING.H>- r$ e/ W/ d+ C
int main(void)
" P' }% \: C* z" o- q3 ^{ 5 f0 N& ~4 F/ p- p. [' L
char string[10] = "123456789"; % Z7 t' y1 [% @: N- r$ X+ O
char symbol = 'c'; 
5 A1 l1 c8 [4 ]+ r. w: r4 \' Lprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
( f4 O7 o2 `: C' |7 q& s5 g/ n7 ^strset(string, symbol); 4 u; W1 R! Z7 ~% ]- Q: s, o9 [9 `
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
" b& K P: M- W5 D+ W3 treturn 0;
- U- m' e- ~) _5 ?& S! ?} 3 Y: @( g' q3 l; o
* p5 Z: `% C3 o+ K `9 L$ p

) W9 b% A w" D+ K$ w0 }; ?( |) d
, ]7 z* z5 |* y函数名: strspn 
. Y- l& G& s: q# Q2 A功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
: \; d/ E8 V+ z2 w4 V/ x用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); 0 T2 T+ y% n, Q2 `3 B2 [% o
程序例: 3 [1 _3 Q: k, k& M- t _
#include <STDIO.H>
, I0 {. b% S5 Q- f- l2 d5 I#include <STRING.H>
# v# K3 }# o! G8 ~3 S#include <ALLOC.H>4 s7 [' }) M4 @ W% M
int main(void) $ P- H! U, V# W; w. \8 n$ C9 Y5 J
{
 q* {- q, ?/ }- C! Ichar *string1 = "1234567890";
8 O3 }, Q! I' w$ v' Mchar *string2 = "123DC8"; 3 s9 |3 U% Q$ d
int length; 
7 v5 k* _3 u4 S* ulength = strspn(string1, string2);
' L# d$ l. t/ r. ^" L) {" F6 xprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
 q3 r3 \$ L8 A9 wreturn 0;
5 D* s) O& ~, ?& F d3 U/ R} 2 E! [. r. V6 y% e1 E

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0 |. U: W$ D I3 t; I0 u函数名: strstr 
! F, U. Y, N$ o1 W( K. a r( B功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 ( @, e4 M% {( s8 y* ?0 k+ H; ?2 Y
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
/ B8 [/ v! j6 k2 X& o程序例: 
% x- ?/ s0 M, f" p/ @1 z#include <STDIO.H>
4 c0 Q' }" b$ I+ I/ a5 b Y#include <STRING.H>: c" R, c) N2 n* M5 c4 b4 t
int main(void) ( O6 q [& f" {; A, a5 h" M1 _
{
! {0 Y. d- {0 _& N7 Pchar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
. F+ L! d, Z/ L. O, o. B0 `ptr = strstr(str1, str2); : B4 \5 m. P+ W3 n6 h- K6 Q
printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
9 `- V$ Y+ `7 _0 z4 J+ yreturn 0; , a' P- r" ~' R: r( ~: R# c
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8 N& j H- A; ?2 S* i2 z( x
函数名: strtod 8 f9 N3 X' p' G3 I! o! g
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 7 J" N7 W+ G9 K) x: a7 `
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); 4 [; G* {: A {: M
程序例: % ^. m! V7 c' }
#include <STDIO.H>% [, J5 C4 R, U, J) x1 V
#include <STDLIB.H>/ ~# B& a, ]4 W1 N6 N* @* y
int main(void)
; l5 V9 H) d+ n2 N7 [& i) u{ % `/ J; }5 ~5 ~& ?
char input[80], *endptr; ) p) `2 v) s B. Q
double value; * h1 z2 C( T/ k3 k% e! \5 T* |. Q
printf("Enter a floating point number:"); 8 B* L% j; y. |6 K( V
gets(input); ! b; f# x7 V+ P9 T- k7 o
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
6 e5 J5 o1 [% {4 e7 R/ I+ Pprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); ( |2 p# Z6 Q$ X1 u4 {
return 0;
- O3 ^5 A; h3 `- R; X} 8 T) l: x% J. ^+ B1 i" I5 Y& W

$ J2 d8 f+ S! e5 \9 W R8 s9 S6 w

% i3 U: H. H8 w. D/ I8 p函数名: strtok 
+ V% R' H. }8 B9 T$ [功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词
% ~9 K: Y( Q y2 p用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
+ R2 Z: b/ t* \6 O程序例: 
0 c2 | e2 S* G#include <STRING.H>
 y q. G' j2 q0 n- J' n#include <STDIO.H>0 T+ X6 J1 O1 }9 h( A
int main(void) : M; l5 O( _( z" n# e5 k' x+ c- ]$ S3 I
{ 1 I- V" y$ j6 E3 {: D7 P
char input[16] = "abc,d"; $ H" K+ y0 a, b
char *p; ' R- j1 c8 [+ g, z! J
/* strtok places a NULL terminator 8 A6 F" d$ c% x; e( Y) p
in front of the token, if found */ . t; U+ I+ o' e# |" I
p = strtok(input, ",");
9 P; o6 i. a; H: y* u1 wif (p) printf("%s\n", p); 
( o: ]( K: }/ }- ]/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
% e4 k6 j, w P1 q; D% c( aas the first parameter returns a pointer
2 K y n* O0 B; p4 \% uto the character following the token */ : g S$ Z1 u- o! C2 P* d" J7 a! S
p = strtok(NULL, ","); . Q- l. P9 b5 c+ ~' k1 P. |
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); $ V9 y! W2 V1 A) {$ f8 t
return 0;
$ I4 o4 r7 O, l" S}
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& K9 I# `& s8 M" @* h% ~" J
* `# U9 T: R8 [2 O
) I! _" G$ M1 B- C9 D& \7 z/ ^/ Q6 i函数名: strtol 8 ~5 R6 P6 y( l: z, d1 b I1 W4 U
功能: 将串转换为长整数 w$ k* i# P/ c# d$ t1 @
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
& t9 W1 i" m o1 C2 ^* s程序例: 
, W) b0 m, {$ {#include <STDLIB.H>) y. A+ y4 L- }) u$ R4 m
#include <STDIO.H>
6 m$ y% K- f! k& p& gint main(void) 8 H9 b; E/ D& `4 d0 z
{ 9 D& l% F `# g* H
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
" B& F8 M, m" m5 I0 m! W! e" ], klong lnumber; 5 \$ j' H( w T9 R2 {. w
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
2 ~; B; F& o3 w0 K Z/ _8 `lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); / w" W- V& v; h: c# F p5 u8 u
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); . H7 [, R6 s& [& ^3 b3 s' ^
return 0;
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& W4 P/ V) q8 m$ S% F f) U
函数名: strupr 
" @6 C3 Q) o# k: f功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
 X6 v& ~- W. v+ ^0 Z用法: char *strupr(char *str);
8 j3 B/ \; l4 U9 h) l, Y$ Y程序例: 9 ?" d o! ?6 f- p3 |; t$ ?/ B2 @
#include <STDIO.H>
- x& I; C) i) V) f#include <STRING.H>
4 E0 {: R5 Z; C) m7 H% u% q" xint main(void) ! {+ _( L0 g3 J4 w6 Z5 r; w3 a
{ 9 |7 R2 X1 _% y7 F+ p1 @6 B0 s- `( L
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; ( H4 l0 c4 W+ f7 ^! t% m
/* converts string to upper case characters */ 7 N2 |& `' s/ B
ptr = strupr(string);
" ~5 ~, r# r/ s/ Sprintf("%s\n", ptr); + e/ }$ B1 I& q- w. _0 `
return 0; 3 @. l5 z+ N6 A
}
" W3 h0 {; x2 E( M, J" r: ?9 q9 K" U1 K! [& @, k1 H
 y2 W/ @6 d8 |3 F

% h+ Y1 E2 J; M" Z4 X函数名: swab 
5 O3 U5 Q, h4 i" ], ]5 f" _7 A4 f功能: 交换字节
" `8 ~9 F! p# ?7 {' b% b. ]用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); . r5 O5 y& ^7 |+ d/ Y0 i" A
程序例: 
8 X) o( }* e+ Z' ^+ h#include <STDLIB.H>
2 H9 C; r3 O. a- s7 I+ c$ N#include <STDIO.H>1 x4 ~2 e5 ?7 O
#include <STRING.H>8 ^$ s' J; ?; |: C: m# I
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; 2 ^- o! v( T, ^
char target[15]; / i; N, Y: l; m$ G
int main(void)
8 F' j( I7 R* r{
( h! E- y/ D2 `1 l6 [swab(source, target, strlen(source)); $ ?2 g/ Y) i; \5 ~
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
 |( o/ ]2 F. }0 E& Sreturn 0; ) M5 s" m) }0 S5 ~2 ~! `
}
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4 t8 w( f( u/ ]
函数名: system 
9 L6 Y5 D( O' z( M6 q6 Q4 Q功能: 发出一个DOS命令
: x! M" k' v2 @; `( W6 `用法: int system(char *command); + O8 u' x* @; F) G3 W" ^( H
程序例: 
$ C5 o/ T1 v3 q( W- l#include <STDLIB.H>
1 p4 Z* `! t5 f2 n# p#include <STDIO.H>
, V& {" ?* n9 {% W* Fint main(void)
* v% |5 Y9 v9 P% y{ % X1 q) N T" P: a
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
! w& K9 T: _6 n% L* ?4 ^7 Msystem("dir");
( C$ s) J4 _; t, A, `' `6 f' i; dreturn 0;
% i- p8 D; ^; g+ S/ L O$ Z, V}