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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
2 y9 E! T, l$ I2 L1 m5 ~/* display the gray scale */ % K# G. ?, N$ f8 ~( y+ n
ht = getmaxy() / 16; 3 k& C% \% D+ w) I5 J
xmax = getmaxx(); / \$ r5 V$ A `" j. n) l$ M" q4 M
y = 0;
" O1 N* c0 I. G! ? L" Q5 A9 `for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { ; Z' H4 X0 ]+ B' G+ ?9 ~& g
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
1 B" ^1 Q! u1 ^0 Lbar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); ' I+ r' k0 t! f# ^
y += ht; 9 P0 G- D2 o/ x- j" E
} ! v- ^# j, ~3 V7 ?* N1 G# J- p0 b
/* clean up */
+ D! F; v, _- I7 M6 Wgetch(); - S! P: Q; _) D* H! w9 @# d2 e
closegraph(); 1 R/ `" N& |2 O- g1 A$ x
return 0; 3 x6 L8 C4 D5 z7 o
} & j% s- ^6 I" c, M7 U, j
+ P$ F/ E% Z$ q, T
 [ j8 ?4 y( v& _" ]

) j, v: W0 j# c5 @函数名: settextjustify 
1 ]% D% {& N( A% h) g功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
% ]5 v! I7 `) M) [& p用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
( q" z! s! b+ G3 `, L程序例: 0 z% b; r( c* E& {2 o3 K6 o, T! G
#include <GRAPHICS.H>2 J* d( J! y) m$ p8 b" n6 ]
#include <STDLIB.H>- b: q4 l' |7 E1 R" `$ e" [
#include <STDIO.H>
' o1 w% a8 V. O#include <CONIO.H>
! y f" S: M" `0 i2 x1 ^/* function prototype */
0 |# g( J& p% s' {void xat(int x, int y); 5 p( |3 ]& P/ v @" A P
/* horizontal text justification settings */
# N+ a8 C' ^, c8 |4 T% dchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
/ q, Q$ T; u! Z" _9 r( ]"CENTER_TEXT",
' ^8 Q" h2 X" r f"RIGHT_TEXT"
7 J! u* L) ^+ A* `% A0 g}; " z( u: T; m# x
/* vertical text justification settings */ ( Z4 H7 ^ c8 g
char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
# Y3 G4 _) h) t! @"CENTER_TEXT",
2 ~# H( B: m5 V"RIGHT_TEXT" , J3 K( J6 B6 P7 y
}; ! G9 L% I1 s# {+ q: V7 j6 v. f
int main(void)
 |% _+ T% ]" E; S{ ( s. D0 ?. |7 u7 F
/* request auto detection */
& q6 k0 }' g+ e7 r2 e( Oint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 1 a( ~2 |, j' n3 ^1 P
int midx, midy, hj, vj;
/ C$ p9 [3 {: U2 dchar msg[80]; 
# |5 r" m5 H c* p/* initialize graphics and local variables */
4 Z- `+ W& {: Ginitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */ + ~, z# J6 y, `
errorcode = graphresult();
" p; T4 x' r5 s6 S# \0 R. rif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ + ] p) J, R* p" k' S
{
/ D1 a) n- a1 }0 m' Q6 ?printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
) U4 X! }$ \3 |0 }7 ^" h3 qprintf("Press any key to halt:");
: j0 F9 H5 c, K5 K s) r' kgetch(); 2 x9 W6 w5 P# `2 }
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
. L r8 i* L- n4 ]+ w0 j} 
! j- F$ x& b! i/ i+ Wmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
9 D! ~9 W6 k R J$ omidy = getmaxy() / 2; ! W3 O- K! [6 \6 r$ ~; R1 A
/* loop through text justifications */ 0 D* p* H9 d- a0 L! K
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
0 w: A" S* k* ^" x) K7 G( g. I7 Ifor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) + P6 ]# Z! i x/ P" `% V, u
{
0 x3 d6 t" s4 Q( ^! tcleardevice(); . i; k; G% r/ t: n1 @) l$ O8 I
/* set the text justification */ 6 o$ S! Y- q8 V* C' d ^* f
settextjustify(hj, vj); 
7 ?" W3 b% }6 a9 e/* create a message string */
, | y0 H N( c+ i7 dsprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 
1 R1 X7 A1 B0 ], k! @3 [/* create cross hairs on the screen */
) {! l8 m' j6 N5 M3 t/ O8 U2 I- Sxat(midx, midy); % B5 g& G$ ~' i! m$ W2 ]
/* output the message */ " N0 v7 C9 x! a' R, K, N
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
+ _5 _3 N8 ~9 n% g# e3 P e$ Ggetch();
3 k% C1 }( m) _2 S! X} - o6 S1 H0 T9 ?( K& p/ g9 Z
/* clean up */
3 g$ E& }1 n. W& S: {closegraph(); . X& ]' `- u6 t+ L9 _+ C
return 0; 8 K1 O" r2 \2 N/ e' o
} 
3 T* [, x6 c7 R0 q/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ 5 J! V! c) ^9 [: y+ a
void xat(int x, int y) , K5 o" ~1 u: W j( |+ f
{ & x, U! K0 q0 C
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); 8 h3 f; @/ k$ v0 a( N' v5 ]9 L. G
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
' ?% |8 F! H) w* @} ; f, X' c* g/ Y u) A
$ V% @4 e8 u/ F0 k

$ }8 L1 ]8 z0 g% F3 N. N6 }函数名: settextstyle + o1 ]9 x3 h# u* \' G
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 @" G' Q3 {4 _! v) s" f
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
9 }( [8 C& u" f! t9 ~. h" P5 G9 F程序例: 
7 }. O' y9 J% g7 e. @#include <GRAPHICS.H>$ N9 T: e7 z! m
#include <STDLIB.H>0 k! k2 I8 t- {. ?5 m- G6 V
#include <STDIO.H>
/ s/ y( D& p. v6 G4 j2 n#include <CONIO.H>% R( x5 M9 N% P* U8 ]
/* the names of the text styles supported */
. s* _0 p& H6 uchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
0 U( H9 i) l( R" |" z"TRIPLEX font", 2 i# O. M* w- R, p1 a; f; Q
"SMALL font", 0 x) m) F. \% b# r4 u% J' T
"SANS SERIF font", 8 \5 A# f8 [3 l% P. |( B- C
"GOTHIC font"
# A: ~# q# E6 c& G m; u}; 
1 I7 u7 I+ E- U2 d5 M! lint main(void)
4 `7 P" g. ]) [ W9 u3 b2 y2 W{
: \7 D8 o, O! Z/* request auto detection */
4 V1 W* ]/ x a4 q: Hint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% e- y/ @: D5 i1 f. J, ~0 _4 }9 sint style, midx, midy; 2 z* w5 ]5 l5 q; a+ O
int size = 1; ( Q2 U* T* g, ]/ J$ y; V
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / i. Q5 V+ a, {/ ?6 W8 B
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
& h: j& t! }3 N+ x7 o; |9 u/* read result of initialization */
: A; {1 g. Z( R/ u; Berrorcode = graphresult();
! X5 d+ P# \7 }0 G1 C/ ~if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
& f% L! a- x5 @" d{
2 @4 E: `9 k% T& D* P- hprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 2 F5 V& h+ |! }- W: T
printf("Press any key to halt:");
8 q" @8 }' \( l4 K( x9 Ggetch(); $ e! P: B U2 I" v e# m D
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
+ v1 ?' a5 D$ |} `* |- ^5 B+ k$ t! Y. @
midx = getmaxx() / 2; & i, B* |% a& V& H- M7 W
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! _; \" v4 T8 L
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); # B4 y+ @# z: s8 W) I& Y# N
/* loop through the available text styles */ / T+ A3 J) A8 K3 b" O% G. O
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
0 Z9 y% b# q/ ?& J Y1 X{ ! u. Z) Z, l& u1 A( n& \# l
cleardevice(); - n# x$ E) A1 i
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
8 n* p9 p& k* a/ v0 d( [size = 4; * ^# f2 Q9 i# H% L1 |) g& w
/* select the text style */ / Z5 K+ N% x3 T; m+ C8 c$ W
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); # r; I" B; b! ]* |* A+ I
/* output a message */ 9 b' l. y" X" s. x; _4 |# N" M' s6 I8 M
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
. W& n) K; \, \, A. V9 Rgetch();
& e b" x5 G6 ~" J2 t0 X} 
5 ]( U8 B+ a1 d/* clean up */ 0 O, T$ x- W- w. r
closegraph();
7 z) T& `( [( u6 o* Vreturn 0;
8 J" V* ~9 ~: O5 x6 ]} 3 ?3 j% C @, ` w- A- \
+ x& T5 `* K0 n. f$ i6 |

/ m) Z$ g" g2 Z& \: Y& P+ {. X函数名: settextstyle 
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 ( Y% ]; q0 t! `
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); ( H( j8 ~: o: o
程序例: ) k# d; z9 H3 j& x. j) x5 [
#include <GRAPHICS.H> F+ e+ p# e9 p/ e
#include <STDLIB.H>2 X% [9 x/ A7 Y" X. l
#include <STDIO.H>
; ~( @# K* f" h! X4 x6 \#include <CONIO.H>, d( i, [9 e* k; Y
/* the names of the text styles supported */ & v' l. {+ A* O7 f3 x
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", , r4 x( C3 ?" l6 h8 x4 t5 R* j' q
"TRIPLEX font",
4 T# i- E J6 p5 {7 q# X( C8 B) I4 }"SMALL font", : M0 Z9 r/ ~) w4 F6 o: u- t8 h4 |- v
"SANS SERIF font",
5 z2 W, n$ G; q3 ?+ H"GOTHIC font" 8 q/ V- q5 U- Q9 U% j5 L
}; 
. p |9 ` ~3 L4 D, W* }: cint main(void) 7 L, S* K( B4 f% U8 y+ }4 `1 i# L3 h
{ 4 C1 u# c1 V0 J% k/ z9 A) C
/* request auto detection */
: |: ]( V0 x6 {int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 4 e* U* [( ~! W. s- o* F
int style, midx, midy; . R, p* H' b# m- S& D. w
int size = 1; 
! ~+ P6 ^& o& m) c! b/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ! J' k$ ^! C/ K
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
0 S! @. x, c! u) x+ |/* read result of initialization */
 a9 K, ^( D F' f( M1 [! aerrorcode = graphresult();
; V0 w) d" }2 Sif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 4 U) Z$ U& C6 {) t& f4 Z
{
* L$ P- D% _4 N/ I) S& i1 ]0 nprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. t+ F3 E$ X I$ {: R) `printf("Press any key to halt:");
* H5 x/ P G6 B. |getch(); ( {9 @$ v7 S2 q1 V! ?
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! n- r/ e A/ m$ o5 v j6 F
} 
0 z$ o7 @# x, Vmidx = getmaxx() / 2; . U; E7 E* Y6 J" C
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
! V1 K* D$ ~) m& x* fsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
% W! O3 g% q/ j: k7 w( L0 k( s* X( I/* loop through the available text styles */
1 T9 q: N7 e4 sfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
, t/ O0 J r9 s9 I1 ]9 ~* }8 z{ , F w& u0 [* F& s
cleardevice(); 4 M0 q2 T, {; i6 U9 c5 z
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
7 X n3 b& }. f- e# a4 q: zsize = 4; 
+ S' P. y; g+ l T7 ~2 P/* select the text style */
1 q, b9 L, z5 O% t5 T' ]3 \+ ~9 Y: Nsettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
/ ^% Z; ?2 v/ [, a& v$ ?/* output a message */
. o" J0 e% j: V, |outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
! F6 O0 n8 X; r. o, C+ `getch();
! f/ Y: c! i9 V0 _" g; l} 
5 ~. A' R$ O" |8 d* u/* clean up */
5 d! Y( ?: i- O9 Q vclosegraph(); $ D4 u5 ?* P) h
return 0; : I, R3 i- g- d
} 
8 s5 t4 d9 F7 A9 f( B% T% N7 A1 X5 W1 F& u1 i
; m$ P7 ]5 f# N, l
函数名: settime 
" Y; y, a Y% X+ w" T功能: 设置系统时间 0 r2 L( c& Z. |4 J
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); 0 u* n' M- A/ h
程序例: + t* b3 ~3 b" p K
#include <STDIO.H>0 w$ L* I6 }# m; F
#include <DOS.H>
3 X% r- n$ \% Z$ x3 u9 Qint main(void)
% p% R+ \) `4 }" j9 L{
* W& t1 s4 M' t& N9 Jstruct time t; 
7 {" t0 n: O5 Dgettime(&t); ( o8 v) t e/ N$ Y' E
printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
4 `) g9 l, n% U0 hprintf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
6 e! X' m2 }; ]: h# D" X: I" Xprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
$ k5 ]* o& z8 ?2 W- o9 uprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
0 u4 v- P2 W6 c! [: D7 k/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
& G3 X; H3 J, L& `t.ti_min++; * T' Z$ O3 I( w
settime(&t); 
' T& }- K+ u H9 P; ^8 nreturn 0; , T6 A" G2 L0 ^; b* N
} V; T1 W( Q! \5 B7 z [0 o

 Z* d- o3 h0 D* C: q3 g' j9 Q, }1 \, _4 M- U8 i% \. d
函数名: setusercharsize % }8 X% s+ [% k( B R2 n
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
/ h [, k0 X9 K" G8 ~用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
7 w+ f! V& x; R+ a5 C程序例: 
& h$ K2 H) B& G) m8 O% X#include <GRAPHICS.H>, d7 ?. N& N. R* T( c3 Z" B3 x
#include <STDLIB.H>
 d8 c) K2 \3 u3 O#include <STDIO.H>
3 [8 N! O; ?4 b. }+ {9 \#include <CONIO.H>4 I: | y+ @4 V& W& i/ K
int main(void)
$ x. F# H6 p- Z{
) L8 H& d- E; C/* request autodetection */ $ P. Z! t2 X: {
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
6 G6 @+ M; a! X4 l- h" P- m, \, M- X/* initialize graphics and local variables */
# i* `1 ~+ d$ e) }initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); % U# R2 z) y/ o4 S) X4 J" C
/* read result of initialization */
6 k) o; U1 y" j+ \8 v( herrorcode = graphresult(); ! @) r2 T; G* o1 H
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
% `3 i! p% x) [$ S3 K# L; m+ o( [{ 4 N x- X0 x: A- W
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ! L! E3 ]4 Q y* t; ?
printf("Press any key to halt:"); % V& |2 l7 j' b
getch();
- A. u2 c0 e3 `$ M5 Aexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ + {4 L2 y6 b% H4 o$ C% w6 o
} ) J, d: _" Q& \! k. e- B
/* select a text style */ & L4 J# n' D( N& @
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
/ z" o7 ?" m' ?/* move to the text starting position */
' v2 e0 C, K7 z2 E0 a Z& f! e4 smoveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 6 I1 T. N2 C5 [
/* output some normal text */ 3 Z+ c1 M8 E* e
outtext("Norm "); 
4 O! U$ l$ a2 x- [/ J: L5 S" b/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ * t/ l, [7 G' o" Y1 K! l
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
7 B3 E5 z9 }) I1 u" `" jouttext("Short "); + c5 i$ ]1 m* N
/* make the text 3 times normal width */ 1 o9 o8 X" P" o4 d
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); & A& V: |$ h ^8 q5 r7 Y6 g
outtext("Wide"); 
7 j' x0 L* n' y1 l7 ]. l6 P* x( ~/* clean up */ ! u* s) X! T. E
getch(); / {# u' @) X3 g1 s
closegraph();
1 q" x5 V. n8 `- x; Greturn 0; 1 a2 ?* i" `3 j" \
} 
' P. c9 Y' o. }! \( \% l: S# O
( y$ s, M- {: ^: v函数名: setvbuf 
1 N) A A( t2 z功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
; I+ z9 ?: h4 o$ l# [6 h& \: c用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
- I' @6 h# g) j. H程序例: 
, W/ o2 c9 i' M' K6 L( q/ Z#include <STDIO.H>
4 C9 S. G4 w6 M! `, J: `int main(void)
# z+ f3 n. o4 a4 _3 J{
' u3 v) J" i3 H& E) e' VFILE *input, *output; 4 ~0 n. F+ K7 x" u ^- u& w
char bufr[512]; 
' V" o- \6 w5 j- M$ J; u7 U9 n0 Winput = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
; e: A. e( b/ J! A" s- Q* r, S" Foutput = fopen("file.out", "w"); 
: G+ @: x# i/ F3 z! f/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, / B1 n+ g- `) G# U& `5 }7 o
using our own character buffer */
9 A5 U* @. x) F. K2 m. a% g& \if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
% J1 G( r! y& Wprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
% Z$ U$ ^9 R, D/ P( r7 D) H- belse
. r0 O T0 X$ g* F8 e, @. |9 wprintf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
' X5 P$ E7 Q* {; x7 S/ a1 u/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that 6 I) {/ M# d7 L; y4 S0 @+ \6 v3 w6 M
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
- ~3 b$ J. \& g, Uif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
, F0 p( M* k) [! D1 e4 X3 gprintf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); # n. i) c) q- [( `
else
1 H: G& A: {( t5 P/ _! _printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); , _3 R7 y0 [0 a8 G5 p
/* perform file I/O here */ 
, c `+ J: Q/ l8 w5 [* U. K/* close files */
- B$ r4 J+ p# w$ C& nfclose(input); # R1 D6 P' C# V4 @* D2 s) r* U, b
fclose(output);
1 h; ]) s( q6 ?return 0;
6 F/ |; t# b$ x6 d- O3 m. A6 Q4 W}
: U7 ?) ]3 e0 k0 Y% m' h* w: Q( X* j) r/ W5 q( ~
; L0 A& f+ u7 Y1 N1 k& I
/ }2 c7 d3 A2 ]
函数名: setvect 
$ h( I7 e4 d8 J9 m* X: m功能: 设置中断矢量入口 7 o) [! H3 d# k1 a
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); + C/ D& L" k2 f& J/ D* k \
程序例: 
. \, Q6 Q2 a7 W% f4 p& W/***NOTE:
! q+ l3 o7 O8 R: q. ^/ eThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this
) B/ ~+ b$ y5 b" g+ nprogram with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable ( M% R, ^. C8 Q3 T
file which will operate correctly. */ 
/ _& o4 ^/ ~) Y, ]+ ?& V0 A$ C#include <STDIO.H>
" c9 l1 A2 a+ E' p! D#include <DOS.H>5 V- b. ]! R7 d6 M
#include <CONIO.H>
+ a# }7 a/ T9 i: U9 b#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ ; T& ^, u( N6 m; w& @1 k
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
- r! y4 q; t) E0 r. Z4 Z4 w4 ^. f% [int count=0; 2 y3 ~1 z9 I' s- G
void interrupt handler(void) . c7 b! e! @2 d, S, [5 W
{
; o. P8 y+ R# @/ O" b9 r/* increase the global counter */
; _' n4 Q: y) i% m* b5 Dcount++; : P/ y$ N9 i7 w: R
/* call the old routine */
0 r0 q% q1 f9 ~1 m3 zoldhandler(); q3 T2 n' _. }0 c' e9 Z6 Q s
} 
; _# H# V0 X$ \0 A$ B* E+ Jint main(void) r( z3 H6 V' ?8 g1 X I
{ 3 ~ l. t& e0 ^9 ]& j2 `
/* save the old interrupt vector */ & T0 e2 ?3 P- R7 \/ y4 F
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); * w1 ^ P z7 n+ p8 J% Z7 i
/* install the new interrupt handler */ 6 L3 Q/ s7 ]/ Z6 f5 z7 Y
setvect(INTR, handler); / h0 e$ j7 L$ a e2 o
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ & P+ A! m! `; u# r$ t% a- B+ i
while (count < 20)
; Z# v \ U1 e; ]printf("count is %d\n",count); - g6 f0 {# D7 J; Z4 S+ o
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
5 L2 S0 K( Y, i4 ssetvect(INTR, oldhandler); 7 [# h7 ^, c2 x- G) V- ?! m; v
return 0; 6 D+ |/ R' r% H S7 X! h: E$ s
}
& s) e# Y8 |' |* a8 E$ ~& ]2 q5 Z$ q3 N( k9 b, O; B) H
5 P/ O$ {! Z) S/ V3 N
函数名: setverify 
/ p+ P2 ^& v( o: p0 Q6 c- l: i功能: 设置验证状态 - u( y% J; g/ t. ]/ `4 }5 u6 U
用法: void setverify(int value);
: H, f. a, H/ d; e: B程序例: + y, _* s: c% y3 l! \& Y
#include <STDIO.H>6 U+ m- u' Q) l
#include <CONIO.H>
 F- ^: ~. l0 B% s#include <DOS.H>4 U6 i2 O, k; N9 x
int main(void) / b Q( n) m( O. Y) H) e) f2 @
{
) n' L. O) F3 Oint verify_flag; 
7 L0 ^+ z; Y0 S1 {' [printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
2 e, l3 Q& G& F S: V9 Vprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
% {( E. \6 ~; V/ z" @verify_flag = getch() - 0; - t7 E* a5 z% p8 _7 T7 R
setverify(verify_flag); 
2 e! ^9 _ C1 N, j0 o' gif (getverify()) ' c6 r7 a3 `, ^. J
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); $ c% E+ A9 a; B( U2 r
else ! p/ O' M4 r& x7 i) w, c
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
, e7 ]# i1 n/ E/ g. N0 x4 Rreturn 0;
4 ~, ^5 D0 \6 ?! q9 Z8 W* X6 D} 5 C) I: {& a' N; D0 K

# G) K# g8 x& w& V- Y; c8 t; {
" X" p2 G# l0 W$ M0 X# \7 [函数名: setviewport 
. G G, n! b* ~功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 , r U& J9 t& p4 D5 `
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
! _' g' M. f. @" O; Rint bottom, int clipflag);
! X9 B; T1 K/ R: u程序例: 
6 e+ X3 g' e* a& t4 J* C#include <GRAPHICS.H>
3 w* k8 @, s& d, v, J. Y7 i#include <STDLIB.H>
3 G% }5 ^) [' C! C# S/ K0 w5 M#include <STDIO.H>* ?4 [5 F. c: d I
#include <CONIO.H>/ C$ o, G) d$ f
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
: d( D! \" `3 e. ]int main(void)
: x4 q% u% w1 G$ c" c{ # r# E9 }# ]2 V& |0 v
/* request auto detection */ I; ~. V$ Z. O& I2 E8 y1 j
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
. p- v* O4 e) G/ @/ ]. Z0 K/* initialize graphics and local variables */ % ]2 W2 C9 f0 }' ?6 r- {
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 v/ B3 g% d7 T- G9 J
/* read result of initialization */
0 y A/ \/ L' Q/ m1 Werrorcode = graphresult();
4 j8 W f% ?- U9 b7 x- z& y9 X# bif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ' C( w9 `" F* q9 f$ s2 Y4 i/ n
{
4 p& b" n; x5 n6 B* `' mprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 2 s+ L7 C( b! Y; K# ?0 j
printf("Press any key to halt:");
$ q7 {5 [0 q$ r+ c0 ^getch(); ; D3 q! [' ]5 K- Q4 V. Z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
0 z0 w( m! u. T9 q& J$ ~ p} - x* Y6 |+ F) y/ I% p8 K6 v4 C) O
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 3 h, [: e7 Y" j* u
/* message in default full-screen viewport */ ) h6 v, a) J7 t8 @
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
: y9 R3 T" s9 l0 t$ `, o/* create a smaller viewport */ * v: I( D( @: P4 x4 ?1 W
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); , I3 P4 j3 P9 d7 U/ `6 }6 Z
/* display some text */ 2 I! L+ u0 e7 m
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 7 y) K- H: X* u, ~1 S
/* clean up */ : p. t( \$ c' {: K
getch(); 0 }7 j. _! H3 A' T/ c6 E: d4 [
closegraph();
& z, \; ~! Z% h _( a- a( f1 {return 0;
* E J, {5 [! L; z5 o} 3 [2 s1 q# _$ U+ }+ A/ t

0 M0 u4 r9 s' N1 P
" f1 _5 w2 e' k5 H; ^9 T$ O函数名: setvisualpage * S% P& b- d, C# g5 w# f$ ]* Q
功能: 设置可见图形页号 5 ?4 g. [ a9 e, f3 x/ c6 ?
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); ! w% G+ M' N+ B+ _! o6 C
程序例: 8 y5 k9 p9 s. R. T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>" |" f5 X7 p# k$ n) A7 s
#include <STDLIB.H>! w3 `( a T; {( j: G" x
#include <STDIO.H>
9 j( S) M* v, q9 Z( N#include <CONIO.H>: q) f* M, f# s3 x& N( F3 F4 s* \
int main(void) 2 e- m5 l s# O: ]5 _3 ^
{
; ]( W; x( a* A/ O+ o: g/* select a driver and mode that supports */
; g5 [) r% R" A" ^. t! t9 O3 ~/* multiple pages. */
) o$ n) o: F* M1 m- Cint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
' u8 W! W/ c, h7 K8 Zint x, y, ht; 
% v9 t# o# }4 c+ ~/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 8 D8 {( d% P/ Q
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); " \; N, V( R8 g& L" n! d
/* read result of initialization */
: n$ N- t2 k& n! Gerrorcode = graphresult();
8 p1 ~$ w- S' m* V$ y. mif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # t. u# g. m4 {6 J R. Z( V! o
{ + Y# ~% i9 t. S/ w# w! z* I
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); # I g$ {) O$ v# p$ i3 {) e
printf("Press any key to halt:");
" ]3 ^5 R* K9 r( |% D+ jgetch();
' ]) W4 l! D5 S" Nexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
1 D- e# G" E) q} ; b$ [$ ?/ ?: ^; o1 P0 R
x = getmaxx() / 2;
- x- F- G( Z- U' n* W0 Fy = getmaxy() / 2; 3 i! L+ t+ h% i$ C9 [1 o/ g/ Z
ht = textheight("W"); 
' G7 i# M' H9 |2 d7 v& U$ t J2 q/* select the off screen page for drawing */
+ {2 {5 m( @2 u jsetactivepage(1); 
! t' @! N7 H' X' X/* draw a line on page #1 */
' M# C. ]/ Z0 {2 \line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
9 e$ S. u* E) z/* output a message on page #1 */ ( ^0 E& H: i9 l6 g' Y- |9 s
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); % K: J& {1 D$ L
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
+ N# L8 A# V8 V X* S0 t% V$ t; routtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
: H; A, n9 X- p% p/ ?/* select drawing to page #0 */
! g* `6 a4 Q4 wsetactivepage(0); 0 `* m2 d/ A: X' }
/* output a message on page #0 */
2 E7 t0 X9 T0 W5 {outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); 8 a7 M% f, |! j K- b( }2 j6 N
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); % B- r! S: L) [/ p A
getch(); 
$ c4 J6 k" a$ W G0 n/* select page #1 as the visible page */
" Q. q8 i+ a G: o8 [3 Zsetvisualpage(1); 
0 S) u0 C7 b- a/* clean up */
& n1 e# U6 |4 M6 @- t- Pgetch(); 7 |4 W5 p) w8 Y: O
closegraph();
7 |/ {# X: l- ?# y, X" D: p+ Breturn 0; " a# s8 `3 l t8 N; A9 ?/ z
} 8 i; H, A4 Q, k! e3 `
0 J2 o# j" N" x# y
4 y$ K: _1 `! |- T1 O
函数名: setwritemode 
9 {! O- c3 @" l% ]9 \功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 ! Y% S, {+ X' U2 T
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
+ h% e% p' `, T% M程序例: 
; Q6 ~1 n* S" E5 @) j0 a# o; Y" q#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' [9 I, _; ~5 S; c* E) {# \- q( f#include <STDLIB.H>! W6 l+ q/ D: R3 f
#include <STDIO.H>
: |& z }* g6 n5 F#include <CONIO.H>
( e2 M' X+ Z2 w c( y+ d1 Tint main() " c, Y7 W" Y2 b1 j3 z; |
{
8 d/ |$ S* K. u/* request auto detection */ 0 \" q! M: W& c8 O& k
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
& S" Q8 e- O+ C* R O ]int xmax, ymax; + y1 Z6 {! O0 D- P! i
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ " _: V6 ~5 ?. K+ M. @
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 f0 [- G( j; ~0 Z
/* read result of initialization */ 6 a3 u' C7 |: C# y' T0 Y
errorcode = graphresult(); 7 X( I" O; c" b5 H
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 5 |3 o. s: y+ ?7 b4 Y) b
{ + L; {. g% T. V8 b; _' H% ~
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); , B# P1 V, b) p/ ^5 x
printf("Press any key to halt:"); B0 H& D6 H4 g5 m- ?
getch(); & x! Q5 ]# H' Z4 F1 Y8 J% O
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ - F: B3 j- `* Z5 k* \6 Z/ |# b
} 
( t* q1 @0 m7 Q$ H, u) qxmax = getmaxx();
& j" J4 I3 b4 n' L" `; {1 Vymax = getmaxy(); . _, K ?2 I- e6 e+ ^) G& m$ `
/* select XOR drawing mode */ 6 Y Y$ T, L0 G/ ]- {9 s' V8 e
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
/ j- {5 S7 J: X/ v9 T9 O, k/* draw a line */ & V) H2 K4 N1 r, k- L
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
& x9 D5 l. o i9 I7 h' c: w6 w0 hgetch(); 2 a D9 M/ E1 n% M. |( o I% k
/* erase the line by drawing over it */ ( {2 o) k* Y5 K$ n8 }9 s# |, s& S
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 6 h' ^3 [( A; {8 {6 e# s: C I. h
getch(); 
4 c6 Z3 `# U8 ^/* select overwrite drawing mode */ ' i9 @% t) \* Y/ a* j
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); / N4 y2 P) U: Z- C
/* draw a line */ 7 {3 g& x; t/ A3 q" x% X# B
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); + g% Z- E) r8 ` x0 s9 r
/* clean up */
9 @* J2 e: }( J5 i; p3 mgetch(); 7 [% U/ G, K) Z8 Z# N
closegraph();
- R9 o% h3 S9 W( G. N7 Hreturn 0;
* |+ T( S$ m. ]3 ]+ Z}
! h( J1 r* T8 a
, N, r3 ^7 r: N
1 g) d/ o5 F# u+ w$ Z4 _- D函数名: signal 2 n6 K5 |* h& r& O
功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 2 j' u3 I* n/ g' e& Q; [0 }; a) j0 `
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
! u8 X8 Y1 B3 W( q$ ]程序例: 
6 x% N9 U1 @4 O) J' N( |3 a' Y/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
8 L0 w/ e$ e+ c/ X3 [! kcatches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
: v) J# }! J x: w7 Yto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause + G" I! z1 o2 h6 \7 {
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
2 @) S4 j- ?+ a. kdepending on which memory model is used.
% }; N% o9 _( D: {( @*/ ) W1 ~1 V$ p6 h. H1 t0 s% b
#pragma inline ; Z$ T5 T4 z' Q+ |: ^4 `8 J
#include <STDIO.H>
 E) W* n% y, {. c) r* W#include <SIGNAL.H>8 Y/ Z; t( q% f- d5 x: S; H% \
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist) " r0 ^6 X4 F# Z4 z- i" v; t/ h
{ 9 G2 E( G+ Z9 |0 X, \. E; [9 ^
printf("Caught it!\n"); * Q2 v0 A' b: T* y0 _
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ " z; g/ c$ R5 f3 I1 z6 P
} # m2 O& p1 Q8 n8 C% G& Z
int main(void)
. o& `$ a9 O, E2 T) X{ 9 [* ^) O M" e& p0 X: ~
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); # j- p% \4 M3 y5 U3 j4 l
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
4 A3 r% v4 o H. B* o$ w |asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
5 c$ \4 f+ M) G8 t/ kasm into /* activate handler */ 
9 ]" a ~1 E N6 x' F+ B/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, ( ]3 E& E$ M- u2 _( f1 X
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' / M9 w6 ^$ Y" B- E
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ # d% G& _4 z( w. N
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */ & ]. F9 K- l5 Y, r+ j& V* f& P
asm into /* doesn't activate */
8 m$ \# x9 M/ T1 u8 m& Treturn 0; 7 k' R) a0 Q, K: G9 p& d0 O
} * G7 ]* [! d, A" ]( \- h( B0 D

 T4 U, K% ^1 f% h) n8 T, d8 |4 s8 v% }! }9 Q: d
& a* X. N. i8 s. E! l; a* F
函数名: sin 
: ?) R( M) P+ _5 \/ k: K$ e功能: 正弦函数
+ U: W+ x4 ]8 Z* u* D: v用法: double sin(double x); 3 a' p; `1 d8 f' i+ z0 I9 t
程序例: + {& [ s% L1 g+ b
#include <STDIO.H>0 P S" v6 [! x; T/ H& Z! w+ ]3 V
#include <MATH.H>
2 V8 c' p( J. F" Yint main(void) 8 c1 T6 f9 Y" Y9 X. g, Z. j9 M
{
6 T: Q% T! `" u0 r5 @2 q' v% O) Q. M5 Pdouble result, x = 0.5; 
- g& p% v2 n* V# i3 presult = sin(x); }% \+ M* G' T: g/ `- y) W
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); % N6 A1 b. \4 t0 z! I
return 0;
: b6 Q8 a1 q+ J. J& F}
% c `* Z" z& i/ I4 { k: u" _

% b4 c6 i9 d; |5 i* J( {: X2 h函数名: sinh - ]( b6 k# J* m
功能: 双曲正弦函数
3 W/ I$ M( h& w& C G1 }9 R, f用法: double sinh(double x); q+ ^2 u4 w S% ^
程序例: 
# v7 T# b1 G/ H( `& M: \! s: R9 o#include <STDIO.H>7 P5 O/ M* o; n- |% t: H
#include <MATH.H>( T& N/ w! R3 I# A0 p4 \! t( R( m
int main(void)
- O; ]7 E1 z. Y1 K$ K{
; h8 E' g3 Y# K# D5 jdouble result, x = 0.5; 
+ z; V/ N3 i7 K" v% {5 n9 sresult = sinh(x); 9 t) _& \1 z" p1 @& r+ f
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
+ e0 ?# c9 @8 T) ^( Jreturn 0;
9 L+ S/ T Z3 V7 a; t5 L} : o3 V9 \3 c& q9 \
5 Y$ W# O% L$ w6 j! Y
2 h. t& J# }6 N( G5 q+ c% H/ A
5 j* K6 W3 c7 H% P, g4 K) K
函数名: sleep 4 p2 D0 X: R8 S% A4 b
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 0 T5 k. x6 U$ e; N7 W
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); / q3 D: e( l3 t; x$ ]
程序例: 
/ e" [* }" h0 k& u#include <DOS.H>
. k% Z* R4 h0 v; U#include <STDIO.H>- W8 P( F' N: J1 y
int main(void)
" C% u/ F1 P7 u1 U7 q7 }( |{ 6 Y, y1 e$ P8 \) w: B
int i; $ c- O! U- g. N. D5 m
for (i=1; i<5; i++)
' t# t) |+ o6 l h2 O{ ) _+ l9 q3 Y: O. i: u3 J7 r2 t0 g" z) Y
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); 5 C1 `* ^7 p: O
sleep(i); % V: z9 U8 g8 a5 y ], X
}
' d" {, H% _1 P0 x# ^1 W6 z, {: S0 F* @return 0;
' o9 h& ^% A8 _3 {* w6 A0 d8 Y3 m} 3 _9 t3 j$ g3 `4 p D

: p" q! H8 J3 s$ {! G
2 N: Z3 ], v8 I) p3 W/ G0 R W7 y- [" x2 [+ a: W
函数名: sopen 
5 j+ p+ H9 |+ a3 R功能: 打开一共享文件
6 g1 A7 ?2 X2 }用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
+ d1 u' T# ~3 J程序例: 
$ U, T' c2 t1 a0 ]1 U: H#include <IO.H>4 C7 v* J/ {9 Q. F2 x0 C
#include <FCNTL.H>6 U3 o* P1 p! v8 I8 n S
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
% }" s4 y$ M1 e% w3 A, \#include <PROCESS.H>) c3 N! d3 | F3 D" b$ R! d8 @6 P
#include <SHARE.H>
0 n# r- e w9 J+ T" o) m#include <STDIO.H>- t* `# i3 U1 x1 i( Q6 u
int main(void) / X: d: M% d) L/ @5 M
{ 2 W; i3 k! z% I4 c8 l3 I
int handle;
1 U" s" z) w1 m v* o% U% Rint status; # m" Q# w* D( h" G
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
0 a7 R$ S& S/ |8 t$ }$ g5 s! j. q5 eif (!handle)
. K# B; g( V% P{ 7 \& B9 p9 [' `7 O3 D0 s) ?* w6 Z
printf("sopen failed\n");
exit(1);
. a% {$ ~/ G. ]( B+ {7 Y4 m} 
 P. \$ z0 J0 {) |" ^9 s- z/ l1 f' ustatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
6 L5 j2 E/ s5 Fif (status == 0) * B2 p' k# S+ X4 R
printf("read/write access allowed\n");
3 Z2 t8 \$ w }else ) [- _* b, l6 n6 J- }: X
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); + z* @ ] T- y% P
close(handle); 2 B4 Q* w% z( v. N9 [* ~' b7 P
return 0; ' Z3 `4 e" E6 S# V
} 3 V7 s2 n& o2 f, R3 P
$ b- ~) |/ m( ?* {
6 Y2 o+ w1 B: n* ~
0 u# ?5 a; X5 M% ]% v2 ?
函数名: sound ( k2 _7 b4 h4 j. l% _
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 7 A3 c' \) @, j+ Q; M" S0 }
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
* S+ w0 ]6 `: ?2 h程序例: 
) _" }2 q( b( v1 j5 d/ X5 e/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. % o' v) E: l# k- t
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ - {" u( k% X9 V( k. F9 f
#include <DOS.H>
# A8 F* R) f2 ?% D4 b1 ]int main(void) , X d( T, E! Y3 u, c
{
7 D# v* ^' L. F; h& ?# l5 O6 zsound(7); 8 [) N6 j0 y0 P r/ {5 w$ k
delay(10000); : j4 Y0 t. J |: W! A
nosound(); - l% o8 m* o9 c% y6 g7 [6 V
return 0;
5 U$ ?1 j: j' V$ |} ; r5 O* W: ?1 |3 F+ J; I
% ?: {, j$ C" M" `2 O
0 |# r9 K. h9 g$ L8 t9 q
3 l% q" W7 t+ `( t( K2 m
函数名: spawnl : X! h. f0 K3 r& n9 m) O
功能: 创建并运行子程序 - R, Z8 O& H& t( Z- V
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
5 b0 P$ g |7 C% A' d8 j5 Oarg1, ... argn, NULL); 7 c% U/ H. m5 k) c# K" U& ~ I
程序例: # M8 m2 U: ~2 j T* G
#include <PROCESS.H>
 K% |1 S. B$ L4 V#include <STDIO.H>
2 l7 B. t) q( |5 M0 T x' |#include <CONIO.H> [5 ^4 s, O2 }0 V
int main(void) : i& N- L! r: B; U% W
{ : |0 m& h/ x" t3 G/ Y7 Z& g
int result; 
8 r A" A/ |) s; V1 Dclrscr();
4 n# s: E- z8 [2 Zresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL);
 o4 g; _# S# z6 V/ _) [* jif (result == -1) , M4 \% C. }$ L# z' p: H4 H
{
( Z2 t3 ^. Y) f7 Wperror("Error from spawnl");
2 z+ I- @0 ?6 x, f" X* Z5 cexit(1); : `0 K/ d7 x6 R
}
$ G/ r2 [* [& @1 q! _/ `( Rreturn 0;
+ q& h @8 I. t" E' R# m) p; X}
( |. x4 W( E0 J' M" z }8 X" A- g6 ~! s

" J9 Y& ]3 @6 y函数名: spawnle 
' F! w& U7 @9 n功能: 创建并运行子程序 / R0 m4 h9 e# V: J& m3 k
用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
2 y) E) Y5 E- h- U0 oarg1,..., argn, NULL); * a! S) I8 o9 [, y0 j' V1 o
程序例: 2 U8 i( B1 ~$ l3 R$ m8 U. }; E
/* spawnle() example */ 3 I; U% w' `8 u
#include <PROCESS.H>
% A) E( F/ y# K& w#include <STDIO.H>1 H8 O) O+ f0 @" O$ y! N
#include <CONIO.H>
8 s& }. v5 K2 f& e9 rint main(void) ( {+ I+ u9 o9 i8 K9 j' r. t
{ 1 ^! P1 Z& L. e2 t. B
int result; ( `" o4 o( a8 o2 E& a& s) Z N
clrscr(); . A3 W$ Z" q; p+ I1 h8 @
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
+ J' Y8 V' s5 Nif (result == -1) ! @2 k* K3 K! C
{
/ L2 u9 y' g: j0 G+ W3 e' u. P& qperror("Error from spawnle"); ! B% o/ Q! P6 O9 N% r
exit(1); 4 E% A1 e8 j/ d% R$ R9 N/ w
} - z" U8 \/ c# o( o# K K
return 0; 8 j& O' \" u6 i8 P, u
} & N e6 u) }# Z4 E. O+ F; ]
' T' R$ w/ o. t5 l. ?

4 n7 E0 m4 `5 `+ \/ Q7 b
+ \2 x1 ?/ K/ ?* U' e' ]函数名: sprintf 
, |/ [6 M# j# _2 P3 g- V功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中
8 |4 ]. {1 Y4 A! C; a0 ]% ~用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]);
6 |; a2 G% o1 F- b) n程序例: 
, X* K! f3 O, x& f#include <STDIO.H>! o# w! \1 \: ^9 l8 v8 H1 Y1 ^, l9 p
#include <MATH.H>
5 s+ o- w5 ]: m1 Q* k. Y( fint main(void)
/ Y) A+ c) J l5 c7 A{ ' ]1 m M0 v) g# x) j6 F: q
char buffer[80]; 
9 X0 j: V; f3 @5 u9 {* Z% y6 Y, bsprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
+ q: f) g( g+ f9 T9 ~# W4 j( Z/ n7 Iputs(buffer); : S4 J" j/ j# X* q- Z3 |; j
return 0; 8 y8 y: O# a8 Z) \! |7 n- y* g9 q1 l, k
}
, }: N5 j3 |' k
9 H$ ~5 [) p3 H& n& p) a- L9 l$ q# Y n, o( F3 p3 F, Q$ F2 X" q
函数名: sqrt 
( p$ {7 @( [* E& g功能: 计算平方根 3 E- D* o% j8 m- `* S& k
用法: double sqrt(double x); 3 _& i; U* ~" H- M
程序例: 
( U7 d p2 N( H' Z#include <MATH.H>; r; U( R6 T2 T6 B# y/ o' T) Y& L& y
#include <STDIO.H>
- t# n- W) B$ M9 Gint main(void)
6 E; V7 e' c0 y; T7 h: ?) b{ ) \% T+ ]4 C% t0 g, ]& {5 ]
double x = 4.0, result; 
 w" i5 m% k( W& z( Z+ X+ uresult = sqrt(x);
0 c m { p; ?. T/ tprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); $ A% _6 l @* w
return 0; ; ~: D5 K/ R7 G; j4 }1 r! w9 x( B
}
! P! \/ G" r% }+ {9 x2 v: i% \" I3 K2 z- T7 n
函数名: srand 
8 Z$ R! f! L) s/ b2 z8 d功能: 初始化随机数发生器 : H& m4 s+ b% A* j" s+ G. J# U, X
用法: void srand(unsigned seed); * q3 ~' Y1 P0 F
程序例: 
$ e, x! M6 ]" B! u- n/ d0 W#include <STDLIB.H>( r( B7 B: ?3 I) M1 q S$ U
#include <STDIO.H># ]8 e8 D4 C4 d \' m
#include <TIME.H>+ }1 ~& Z' Y/ C) W. X
int main(void) , |$ q' D. U& ]$ e3 x9 Z
{
% D" D5 _3 Y9 Y1 tint i; % C7 a* Z' i% c2 z
time_t t; " }: ?7 T. S2 q; e. u$ o r+ m
srand((unsigned) time(&t));
8 p# R! `3 [; {2 z% j' s- g: Lprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
, j# j4 `) \3 ^- ~( i Cfor(i=0; i<10; i++) % D5 m# W5 _7 [, l7 l
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); 8 G7 N8 V7 l' U* M0 x
return 0; ' ~. R9 u8 @" n$ n) n, X6 H
} ' D( _9 N' I" G3 ~/ i( c( r

 z2 y u; P$ ~' b2 ^- a% c% E/ C( v& B8 P: f
函数名: sscanf 
9 a5 ?3 g5 i5 G; I/ u/ a& ]功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入 2 b" X/ T" d* s8 y; B
用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
# g, y% r, L/ |程序例: 9 T$ T1 `# I5 A) e3 M9 A2 e! p; I2 R
#include <STDIO.H>
) j) F* ~/ z$ a E3 k! N#include <CONIO.H>
( [0 `9 e0 m4 `, eint main(void)
6 ?) p# w6 r' X7 v' s{ 4 A. `4 |5 Z. }1 p
char label[20];
! k7 X1 n$ c+ P( a, V; i! Echar name[20];
* m2 y& _/ @' z. v7 ^8 k6 wint entries = 0;
 L. m; b/ i3 b0 J" |/ g# J: O' }int loop, age;
% K: F+ t# v6 {+ e: d% c5 odouble salary; & A1 d; u/ Z0 ]. K- b
struct Entry_struct
. {$ E0 O4 I- f, |! k4 D* L{ + Y B& \8 r6 q
char name[20]; . L: I. k1 \- S& D: h
int age;
! G5 q" S& ?( H! q1 w; Ffloat salary; ! D- ~5 m- v- s; w, x3 M1 m7 G
} entry[20]; 
7 z( D* d! L, R: \# P7 E. u# h+ g/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
# U9 E) g! u S5 Uprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
( T6 E6 o6 @$ l; [9 {1 Nscanf("%20s", label);
2 T! W& J, r4 P' efflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
0 m p, e/ w3 e; l3 n# \% O4 f- ~0 F/* Input number of entries as an integer */
, N6 F8 ~$ F7 ^printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); . z, z* s, P: T- M9 m9 l
scanf("%d", &entries); . S ]) P1 P4 w
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
$ m3 T2 U% R7 @% Z! [/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ - `! f- i1 o% s# @, m! }
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) " | N& V; b$ r' ]0 R2 J. t
{ ! i6 i1 q9 ~2 m: I6 E2 l. B
printf("Entry %d\n", loop); 2 s$ G2 F8 R+ C" i' S4 Y
printf(" Name : "); 0 R/ t- o1 Q4 u4 R6 D
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name); ' D8 u. R" o8 R* w# ^; \ S
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
/ l+ V7 l! o) G) {- T& O/* input an age as an integer */ ; x; l) I+ h6 T' W
printf(" Age : ");
0 Y. D# V1 N+ M# u5 v) i2 yscanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
- n- f# }3 e% X) q \+ l4 rfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ / A8 J: r0 e) _7 w
/* input a salary as a float */ * }4 {- {6 F& ^ N( m. Z2 ]
printf(" Salary : ");
8 `+ N2 }2 f. T8 R1 c7 ]$ P2 U4 Sscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
( L! z/ M% r' h. mfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ & v) v. y& u: P3 f `' z7 t
} 5 L# b- l) t; P/ _$ Z
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ * D; C6 R" A7 l5 H* n
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); - u* \- |9 j5 \
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); 0 N3 Z& C% S: }1 L9 k+ X4 s, K
8 |6 E! l! m. {8 x, B8 b
/* Print out the data that was input */
" q" t+ R' F% L" ^4 Oprintf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
" i. k8 ^( v, J7 |printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); 3 b$ o7 Z0 q" ]
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); . z4 e6 [+ U, r: U# U) l1 Q
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
0 e; M: I" a; e ~' Z3 N printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
1 a3 Z4 ^. M1 j' oloop + 1, 1 S* x. y' g: `+ _
entry[loop].name, 5 u: ~7 A, ?+ s
entry[loop].age,
 ^7 `- L+ f# E2 S, |entry[loop].salary);
1 z u& z( ?* i- O+ u$ |printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
" H( U }0 H [; o2 D; R3 C9 }return 0;
3 i2 N! v2 |: {5 s% X} 3 G! O/ E$ c4 e# k/ Q: d

, `! e$ Q3 U7 |/ {8 E
& R. a" @. D# T, U, {函数名: stat 
1 D$ U5 i3 D$ S4 `% |: G- U8 z功能: 读取打开文件信息
9 V8 E( v' l7 {" k. `5 c2 T用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); 0 L' e: h0 h8 x+ T- u% y' v0 |
程序例: / Q. m& ^! B( j& t1 G
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
5 Q& i/ q" j7 @: e5 o1 g#include <STDIO.H>
: c5 I, Y+ U! E( X6 L9 H#include <TIME.H>! j' B/ r( G+ V. D. r( j, u! W0 j5 g
#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" : ~& D G. o" Y3 e' O& f
int main(void)
! S$ }# [# @/ I- k9 O* A. M{ : X; e' I# D, l* a- [6 c+ j
struct stat statbuf; 5 d% V1 ?3 A$ n8 W9 q
FILE *stream; 
( h/ ?6 h, W. T/ K+ K) t1 x( T/* open a file for update */
: I+ j% O- i6 V, Y; f; E0 zif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) ' l8 |' e2 S3 k: L6 s% e
{
" ^ r6 O, Y( kfprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); . F$ {9 k- E/ |8 N2 N7 X
return(1); 5 y( s9 L! j9 t
} - y0 _4 g5 I+ \1 `& v0 T0 S, q
/* get information about the file */ ; N8 _) J& S- X9 G1 B% [
stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); ( S9 `1 \) X- L
fclose(stream); 
 y! u- j" S" W \& o) [: r! T9 t/* display the information returned */
2 D" O! L( h1 Q% l3 s# Pif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) & C/ }( j# K5 V# M# Q
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); - b N% D2 m: K+ r/ y# |1 i5 [+ g
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
printf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n");
* W8 r' N; e$ s+ v2 Cif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
" \) w, J" J7 Jprintf("User has read permission on file.\n"); # i G: r6 Y! V' S( R
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) 6 w% h! S% R3 V! l' k0 b( l
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 8 R1 _2 g" I5 a% T4 u, _
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
, T7 l3 W R, [* yprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); . d) W/ m8 [$ j, p$ p
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime)); ) v$ t) c9 f5 K+ ]2 V
return 0;
- K# T; C( k" B3 P} - N& P v% S0 N- j# j9 @
6 f8 n- V( V: e6 c- [) ?4 K/ |
! A* L) B8 ]6 ], y0 a# u

/ V# |% P+ K3 B( c函数名: _status87 
0 Y0 g8 e5 s. g. q% @) D r功能: 取浮点状态 # U, @+ e$ A6 X% h
用法: unsigned int _status87(void); 8 l3 `( @# t" A' V) s" V) Z4 t3 O
程序例: ' ? q/ w5 ?7 R
#include <STDIO.H>0 Z7 W2 Q3 t2 `: z
#include <FLOAT.H>
) ~5 ?& [7 Y. lint main(void) % K% S: c! V5 R! j
{ 6 F; I/ I9 V: y) ?3 g6 g7 w
float x;
/ d3 E/ V5 h. e- ]4 edouble y = 1.5e-100; 
. b8 F% R; |1 j5 uprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); % j3 e2 P% i5 E2 X- b' I3 W
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */ 7 e7 p" I5 Q$ I8 q- ~$ m' B& N
y = x; 
' \8 C" S% u" k; Uprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); 1 g# V; K0 N6 J) U8 A1 D: B( }
return 0; - M5 R( l( e* U( z6 s( i; n) B
}
$ B$ B* B: l/ g; ] o
4 e+ c, v- N: a3 ^1 f) n2 ?# F( e' j L
函数名: stime 6 [- L( u( e4 {+ `
功能: 设置时间
( r+ F4 t- ^; s2 `用法: int stime(long *tp);
" J* O8 q2 U) R# ^) }程序例: 
2 I; y+ S3 P! d8 K#include <STDIO.H>- {; |" Z4 t, x! M- {
#include <TIME.H>. l& _8 k. B, v
#include <DOS.H>/ L3 M2 |5 f4 f8 x8 V
int main(void)
6 M% l9 ~1 N3 }* d{ ) j8 z/ _- v+ ~2 d! b% V: `( ^
time_t t;
$ h' ?5 S; J( ~2 _4 Q5 K, Ostruct tm *area; 
. ^6 w3 A6 j0 Tt = time(NULL);
" C+ J$ G3 \# r: [; Marea = localtime(&t);
) G2 ]* `- ?( q& @8 nprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); 4 f( ^3 R' v" E1 L- a/ `
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 3 R1 Q1 \8 t- Q7 K$ S
t++;
! `4 ]4 m0 J7 garea = localtime(&t);
% ?9 u/ a U* z6 E7 wprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
6 y9 \/ ]' `, F, ?+ n5 U) Yt += 60; ' c) D6 w9 a5 u4 {2 d3 s# R
area = localtime(&t); & K1 W, L7 w: Z8 u; T# k
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 2 D3 F: H9 z/ Y* Z! [2 Y0 @+ g
t += 3600;
& I8 u/ a0 Y- c1 }) I, ]! _area = localtime(&t); ' S- P1 W& U9 J) |, e( `- ?7 v$ G
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
) U. n+ m9 p, A! W# Z4 Pt += 86400L;
9 m$ e6 X8 _, j* u$ u m# i/ |area = localtime(&t); ! ]: p3 H- g8 q
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
* ` X/ Q( z, Lt += 2592000L;
0 ]; w$ R' M+ Y6 k" R# Y( Z: ^area = localtime(&t);
/ e- e ]1 x H$ w( _) Kprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
$ j: ]: ^3 _- h1 wt += 31536000L; - B0 L" y* c8 P
area = localtime(&t); 1 {5 F$ }# ^ x, H
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
) q- C4 M. e5 y5 I6 Sreturn 0; " x1 n1 m8 Y- I
} 
. A. Z3 s6 Z1 d/ A1 I* x* q1 g, X" s6 }$ Z( ?& N- O
( W6 z& I" L, w/ f0 M1 N

% Y Q R' j0 S函数名: stpcpy - G' k- _/ q3 l/ D- x
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 # w2 Y/ u: o) b- ?
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
, P2 N$ r% G, n/ F7 i: P5 G" [% Y7 O1 i程序例: 
$ z( A& O$ M0 `: ?7 g* v#include <STDIO.H>
8 T7 u# W1 S k" r8 v; l#include <STRING.H>3 c3 V% Z6 T! t- K7 Z G0 A
int main(void)
! s- B2 l( o/ ^2 s& K" B/ r/ O{
, U4 ~* u+ @) qchar string[10]; $ K) D6 P: D G- s4 e
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
" Y- J! s5 W4 V% V cstpcpy(string, str1);
2 T- ^* K5 ?8 B1 mprintf("%s\n", string); % G) X$ V( s P' R" E( {$ M7 r( f8 |
return 0;
. A, u1 K( M; H& _) U) ~' O5 X} 4 l/ x0 T# w5 d k
7 @* [" T( \( w5 X8 g

, {6 y$ D- @ ^; l4 p4 I6 k+ k. Z6 V. D+ {) O2 M3 Z4 [% A$ q0 H
函数名: strcat 
2 e! Q5 p3 A* T) p功能: 字符串拼接函数
; U1 e) e. a" k! \' T用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
$ _5 l$ L2 ~4 k# Z% x! w/ ]程序例: 
; o9 g/ m+ U( p+ n( V5 v. L" B#include <STRING.H>
* g% q+ j) |0 H! [! g5 V#include <STDIO.H>
: s& v/ y9 x; s8 ~+ p$ j5 ^int main(void)
5 u+ {9 U6 @- t( f- P) p O{ 3 k9 x# r) T, N: Y1 P* R
char destination[25];
6 I6 i2 p/ Q l1 Zchar *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; . [* |: ~1 O) H9 g2 ~( z8 e: f
strcpy(destination, Borland);
; Z; w* L& y7 x) { |' e' `" F0 Zstrcat(destination, blank); , Z& ^( R6 c* }$ y0 W' G
strcat(destination, c); 
/ Z3 U7 q# l8 s! z0 n4 zprintf("%s\n", destination); , T( | I: F; J% h6 B3 k
return 0;
- x! {! Z2 J9 k6 }* ^* _+ G; n) E3 H}
7 x5 M6 l; p0 M9 o' ~" X
" z" G8 ?" w# q1 y0 s3 r
2 t" V Q/ ^* O- _
1 t* D/ Y, V# `+ C4 I8 g函数名: strchr 
) j, x# i2 Q- z2 ^8 n" q# S功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ * T' R9 G. w$ i3 A
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); / F! t; V7 w% B7 |
程序例: 
4 k4 O$ }' D- t6 M+ V" V8 i#include <STRING.H>
: Z0 T1 d8 U# ^8 y$ c#include <STDIO.H>
 c2 k1 }4 |$ x# S- }- [int main(void) - p. ~. P1 O" x; @: I' s5 {
{
" r; M j5 r. q# _: P b! u+ jchar string[15];
+ G( s8 u3 [' ^: C" A- V. \; Schar *ptr, c = 'r'; 
. V2 X% c* q8 m8 l! C& jstrcpy(string, "This is a string"); / S1 g% N! ?3 L6 X! J8 r
ptr = strchr(string, c); 8 @6 }2 d1 A+ n u' A
if (ptr) 7 ~9 Q( Q4 R$ x9 u5 q. A L
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
! h ?6 A. s. R# W! B3 M5 Helse 9 \5 @$ t* B& P: ^
printf("The character was not found\n"); . b4 w( D4 l. o# q3 y- R3 ?( H
return 0; - X" M1 _7 L# }/ r; g0 n5 |
} 5 }# T( |8 l/ n0 d! \
' E$ Y2 x) U8 k4 Z

' h0 j; a, E' k! F# L$ g/ n3 O' H$ Q1 d+ J
函数名: strcmp 2 m! y2 ~& w9 F8 |
功能: 串比较 ' n: h5 S9 h8 j8 B Y5 h) v' d
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
: |4 F+ ?- [5 r- p+ }$ }程序例: 
+ \* W0 [' p' i& J v#include <STRING.H>
% U# ?: N. [0 O: L- W2 q8 O+ \#include <STDIO.H>
/ {7 l0 m0 e) cint main(void)
/ X$ }( h( V( P# Q" f{
, D0 B; T8 o g, fchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; g# R- b5 {9 o+ }) ~5 c# ] B
int ptr; 5 b8 H3 _5 v# s6 g7 I8 H, V5 q0 J7 i
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); 1 N& M' R. k$ J
if (ptr > 0) + ~% @( j8 Q$ D+ s
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
4 ^+ H( |1 p7 k4 delse
3 p3 {* b; v: `" Wprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); - ^. @$ L0 o8 M+ h! n* i* w- ?
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); 4 }% T" l$ a. z' S: H
if (ptr > 0)
! h% Z" x$ v2 O/ L8 w- s0 e9 Iprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
7 X$ T* Z$ t0 g3 Oelse
/ N3 g- D5 c$ K! W3 j5 Z1 G- @: Sprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
! k/ D" B, c" p0 E" x7 Qreturn 0; 0 ~) a& [8 ^; D
} - j( g, z% F* j
3 c! a, f# u& o5 [

6 s) h4 f a5 W4 s& `' b& t3 s, d9 `# |9 i% d! L9 n; w! ^' o
函数名: strncmpi - `9 x$ k. A$ \7 D( Q
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 : [, Q4 p/ ~3 I8 p( i0 h% X
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
# z( }3 Z% X" K6 q程序例: ' a# ]# k% O s# N% C4 e; Z
#include <STRING.H>
8 Y! f- j6 M& z#include <STDIO.H>
/ P6 \" ^$ n) e5 H1 ?, Gint main(void) + O1 f( n1 k' a6 v
{ $ O0 {. j! ?% Q* O2 X
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; " t! I. P; H9 I& \
int ptr; 8 T, T( c: i7 m$ N
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
7 e/ J" O% d8 R( ?. Z8 \if (ptr > 0) a' s+ H T0 }! g) Y
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); : c: I! b4 d. N$ p
if (ptr < 0)
( l" W$ K$ s3 t- l. q- Eprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
# e; ^9 U/ Y9 v7 a R7 Jif (ptr == 0) ( q( \# f1 x- w/ z+ u4 i
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 6 |' I8 R7 X& q
return 0; & P* W- t% {7 W
} 3 u+ {' b A. o% H# N6 O6 S4 j
7 m! Z, c% z# r: u9 a3 H% e
( e" `7 `% l7 z$ `: s. L

+ ]+ R5 S% i5 f @函数名: strcpy 
& Z9 R8 O& z5 P7 U0 K功能: 串拷贝 ' ?$ {4 h' C5 K! D% C! i
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); : ^) M6 i# {- o7 ~- l. @( P" I$ Y
程序例: 
7 o" l1 V/ \. X @. |& V. x#include <STDIO.H>& S/ \" _2 ^6 b& V
#include <STRING.H>, f+ H* o& ~# }1 e
int main(void)
: z6 a! ^! p; C2 A- |8 q{
. [; E5 f. G+ D( Pchar string[10];
+ m8 L! D7 R" l- j4 c' C3 |char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 5 t0 I/ h2 \& Y4 `6 {# G P- i
strcpy(string, str1);
, }* E1 G+ R4 c2 M$ U/ A" b$ C! Eprintf("%s\n", string);
/ r9 }& N. l! @) Sreturn 0; ) ]0 j. @$ P3 k2 P$ R
} 1 |& |+ w6 e5 Z' P; A; a# Q
5 t' W4 N& a4 r

: H; E6 P1 J' ?7 k: x, y L5 B& |. f8 G
函数名: strcspn # E5 f8 a3 q: O) r7 f
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 % L, `6 p/ [( t/ k
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); 3 C% m! W* B% b# h8 D o( h6 J3 b
程序例: 
' G5 C5 Q: V6 d# r% v& O' N. P#include <STDIO.H>* V5 }3 h( v: g) c: p
#include <STRING.H>
8 T. [% ?, h' `#include <ALLOC.H> P* d6 b4 e" ^* e
int main(void)
$ ]! F4 A4 |& |6 g% z( m$ W# M{ # z: R$ _! K) ]6 Z; h7 B( d/ w" L
char *string1 = "1234567890"; & T( T, f9 S& b2 U
char *string2 = "747DC8"; 5 T5 V D( i& f$ a. u
int length; . Y9 \5 s. g$ F
length = strcspn(string1, string2); % V2 r, E* h6 H3 E8 R8 L) J
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
 r/ x K' i8 b' sreturn 0;
5 g% _% [. B. R' x3 ^! v5 W}
3 x( j' Y9 z% S0 W2 y$ ~8 d5 A7 u+ ]. ]

. e- @+ B' l/ N
5 `7 K! J' [% i" W5 O函数名: strdup 0 v" }0 q/ @, t" W
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
6 G/ U( c2 X9 T& M. q! ^: u用法: char *strdup(char *str);
, f# q, }% |. U @程序例: 5 ~2 T( g6 v' `8 s; s
#include <STDIO.H>* M; L/ D% n: x. F/ ^
#include <STRING.H>
) @9 f, v: n' ]/ q/ y#include <ALLOC.H>
$ [6 e6 G+ u: u0 N% c* [% e- Zint main(void) 9 |+ Q$ f% R; x
{
* m9 p; W! J% `9 c/ n- z8 y: ~. `char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
/ @: C9 [$ T1 r1 h+ hdup_str = strdup(string);
- G0 F9 s* M+ ^1 Jprintf("%s\n", dup_str);
free(dup_str); $ z6 {/ L! |3 N
return 0;
- O1 v+ M& Y. n2 i) @+ |}
; A/ I5 S& t5 a8 d- d1 X! n2 k5 p6 e) V4 t4 l
6 l- |) G6 l) P3 L
( K- ^4 U0 I) D6 m' {
函数名: stricmp & Q) b1 r' O7 V/ T$ a$ W& ]
功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
% ~, b" D$ z! I2 S用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
5 n9 X1 b6 S" y3 k程序例: 
: n$ c- {& ~% f3 T% Q#include <STRING.H>
4 `; E( f. H _$ @8 U6 T( R#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void) # T p, g0 y% d! H" Z5 N3 d
{ 7 @( a# C5 y- g4 t1 ?+ a' n: H s; K
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 4 ?: A' ]7 v" n$ [5 W
int ptr; - @/ K9 H7 X3 f+ S6 I" {' d
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 8 f/ F/ f4 c2 d' I' g
if (ptr > 0)
' M, L5 o, C$ {2 v3 D& Q$ S& Sprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); % D0 l/ t4 N* v6 C& U" d
if (ptr < 0)
% ` I' ^* O L, G9 O1 Jprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ( s8 H1 w$ X$ j5 S/ E. F6 }
if (ptr == 0) " g0 K2 N: j. D' G+ @- n! Y* c
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
/ A. f. Z( M5 a- R0 |return 0; : T, G+ _6 N' o N5 W A! {
}
" z( Y& W+ R: m% { s
& ?' K, N2 q3 g4 V, n' Q% P0 i& X8 D' @% M" w4 v
函数名: strerror 
, t$ }3 J0 }# s* V4 v功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 8 P j( d% T# r9 ^
用法: char *strerror(int errnum); ' j$ @. E4 m7 S2 |/ c, Q* \. U
程序例: 7 D- m! m" c; T( V
#include <STDIO.H>
: u3 q: o3 f* w- y( T4 _#include <ERRNO.H>8 b( U9 y! v& e, U- M
int main(void) & A' n) s2 V4 G- J# w O
{ 1 J9 Q5 s- r3 |2 |
char *buffer; 5 [7 } q3 A8 k$ u
buffer = strerror(errno);
) Y- I% P5 {6 _ b' L5 e9 T' w2 Dprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
' k& a1 u( A3 D& a1 u G8 R& Hreturn 0; 0 L {9 g6 l+ W0 D' `4 g
} " v7 l9 S' p# C6 g7 K( m

9 i! ]) T8 ?, w7 w+ {7 P5 u/ [, t! Q0 u7 \9 e5 H/ |; r% @
% W: m! r1 H0 @; M
函数名: strcmpi 
& W: A% S" M* O6 A5 e, R功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
! d' f- ~1 c# f4 S1 ]: `. n0 f; q用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 5 ~# s/ L9 d/ M2 h/ b z
程序例: 
6 B& }% P' p) B& c8 N: h#include <STRING.H>. v: b7 m& P: Y/ P+ g0 ~5 X
#include <STDIO.H>
# g1 T# _, d: s. q8 K# w/ `int main(void)
- C+ N4 _. a O; I }2 ^* d{ * z: u0 K L/ E/ h
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 0 s' q# U0 _3 S' i% J
int ptr; 
; |$ ^5 ~4 Z) {) n8 Jptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); * q, P* _" l7 I3 ?* Y
if (ptr > 0) 5 L! E; p5 \& B3 d6 ~
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); / I; f" n% r( Q" J$ i- D9 j
if (ptr < 0) 9 x9 r* R# S& t' s
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
3 a- a$ \! f! h* h4 v( xif (ptr == 0) ( i# r, k' h3 J! p% ]# ~" g9 h
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); - ^% T% z9 @% @: q' u( Q% b
return 0; . N+ t" d2 T/ M1 n
} , | o. Q9 s9 i" n2 D2 v
# x3 r/ _# I0 u+ v

, g( k" q- P0 Z: \6 i
 c) ?+ Y6 Z ^6 i+ F' `2 J' z" |函数名: strncmp : v3 ]- r' K; F
功能: 串比较
' ]( E+ T F: O8 T5 ~4 E1 y- z |用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); ) d5 R8 F2 c2 y# E
程序例: 
+ W! k |! L7 Y2 N#include <STRING.H>
) }! O0 d0 B5 Q; D1 g% B#include <STDIO.H>
" j7 O% p4 c3 m2 Kint main(void) 
( ]! d0 X$ S+ i. y* R. l0 y" o" m{ ' f! p! c* i) q1 |$ [
char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; S+ ]1 b! |/ G! z
int ptr; 
* S; x/ d; k% u3 l% c W/ l. lptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); 3 N/ C' `5 ^5 B
if (ptr > 0) * ` o6 I& m4 W8 f6 U
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
2 }( x& e2 Q7 C: p5 celse
8 N7 W" f/ z$ _$ I0 uprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
- V/ J V' g. e; `2 q* _$ pptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3); , Y! p. r+ J% C- f" h: d$ t
if (ptr > 0)
) r7 E, f# N+ f* d& p; vprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); 5 Q$ A2 z$ R" } @( z
else " _1 \1 z, g- |$ R, c0 C
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); $ u* A, c/ Z- l( T! b" s: m
return(0);
8 @% W1 w; ^+ ]} & c0 S/ J: S# @: O! x1 ~4 x
( a! a; V+ d4 m0 t/ {0 V
- C7 J' R; s9 o, o
函数名: strncmpi 
: L. u% v# Y ~功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 + j. X6 g9 `( u' Y& V& [1 E
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); ) Z- @# ~/ x. W2 w
程序例: 
3 y$ b6 } Q! D( t#include <STRING.H> ^6 L$ _- a7 ?3 s' s" r+ W9 p
#include <STDIO.H>
. v$ c( F+ w# bint main(void)
" |" N# C. _" z7 R% g3 B A- ]( y{
- @2 _) U7 c9 @8 C0 L b3 Mchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; ! C8 z, v. U0 u( j7 @
int ptr; 
& {1 @7 G! ` j# L& J8 Cptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); / }) B2 @4 o1 R6 [# ~, g( M* g ?
if (ptr > 0) + N: A$ |% J' O5 w0 P
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ; ]# j* ?* v L) ?2 t! p9 H
if (ptr < 0)
# ~8 z" _. q- ~6 \& E- `* ]printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); + |% z- x5 \3 G% n% y2 R3 h' Z
if (ptr == 0)
+ S2 o6 i/ X# \$ ^: zprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); , h9 U5 f* U1 y- h# r9 V |- {
return 0; & L) O1 q% n# h; q- ?/ [0 d8 ^* b& g3 r
} 8 R4 w+ j8 i1 R3 }
* a: V/ {9 E# o

8 N( |* _# a' A) n) Y, u! [8 n8 V9 ?函数名: strncpy 
# K/ V. t- |3 k% b功能: 串拷贝
. A7 h% X+ H) S! Q. m1 L# S7 l用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); - L) T7 h, V1 y. i) b( K) g
程序例: ' u6 N3 L" x3 y# M
#include <STDIO.H>$ X* D9 M7 ?3 j& X' E
#include <STRING.H>* Z3 C3 |* x( |/ k7 s. F8 ?
int main(void) F6 }& ^/ \8 [, I( d. T% q) x
{ 6 o' L" ~' P4 l+ ^2 |" y0 D
char string[10];
" a. D! w. T# ~7 @" ^char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
0 P& c; F% x# q' G% W: Bstrncpy(string, str1, 3); : e' ~1 s6 `9 P, [7 A
string[3] = '\0'; J' V& l( u) N$ R7 m
printf("%s\n", string); " i4 `. {+ L4 J. ?' h
return 0; , ~. K& P- B5 O- Q% y- z: A
} 8 q8 ?$ @6 ^8 f" P( O5 j$ X* w
/ M& I% M B" z/ b
1 Y3 k- s' H+ w
函数名: strnicmp & Q5 o+ G- D* O4 J
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
8 m7 G+ }" O& ?# u6 e/ [- d用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); ! |; ^" h0 G) h1 o! ^5 T, o( A0 {
程序例: $ u0 n; I& L* N: Y3 l; D8 l
#include <STRING.H>
8 `# q6 H& k# T0 o; D" R( j#include <STDIO.H>. U& {% U% F! |8 b$ j& T# q
int main(void)
+ `: S* P0 M5 a7 p, W( S) y{ . R q3 m+ H' M+ J2 L
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; . H8 O3 u P& r a9 a* o
int ptr; 9 ^6 A, n- ~0 L4 k
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 1 l$ ]3 m3 w9 I
if (ptr > 0)
7 a |+ G) L9 [) K2 Yprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
 L4 h% u# v( J7 Oif (ptr < 0)
8 s4 p* a8 K7 jprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
* \4 K; i3 b; A8 X0 fif (ptr == 0)
5 R4 y3 E' Y+ ]3 L' l/ jprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); ' j2 j. I. @1 n7 z4 _) j3 n
return 0;
8 B; l+ f9 f3 Q: g2 i( c} + l0 w7 r9 g" {! C% b1 y
* T4 k; ]1 O) y: K. H

7 r& j1 n) r, }
6 p) A3 _* Z& x. G2 d函数名: strnset 
, V) e/ B2 i2 |1 B( G功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
1 g9 D; q4 N* V1 A, B5 u用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
) J3 V. T0 O; b; A程序例: ) D- B7 d* J4 I6 h3 E
#include <STDIO.H>
8 E/ l2 \( C, W6 c [: K; ]& g#include <STRING.H>* \+ W' W# |, h" ?
int main(void) 6 Z7 S3 Y' i- c$ C1 _
{ 9 E, z+ m. y* \, V# r
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
$ q) D6 z+ m. y% p$ Hchar letter = 'x'; 
( t$ n3 v: F$ \+ }printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
% ? {2 w% v& X& u$ Y% v- e0 v, Wstrnset(string, letter, 13);
# Y' b, v* G3 n$ K9 b8 s& `2 iprintf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); e! w: G0 K4 _5 {
return 0; 3 [+ O- ?, r7 B- w: e: J
} : U8 I7 v! O& y7 s! j

0 S! Y' Q. j4 B. T$ Y) w' r3 z- n' D, D1 x0 v* |1 x. c. e: e
函数名: strpbrk 
1 F$ p# _( U- D* L' N功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 4 I1 p+ I: H3 B9 O, O
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); $ F" R' V6 z" Y+ ^2 n) o* w
程序例: m9 P/ a0 ^# U* K/ r f8 u
#include <STDIO.H># }6 c3 ]1 E) U1 g3 v
#include <STRING.H>! ~, ]. \7 n5 M( j: w$ e, a/ ^6 i
int main(void)
# s+ P& P! c8 v' l, r: [6 F9 I \# o{ 0 l3 p! L8 }" t
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 4 F" J% ]7 W- T5 R) }
char *string2 = "onm"; 6 f: Q7 A7 d$ s
char *ptr; 
" D% r9 L* H/ Z2 Y' lptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
$ H% p- W4 G+ ]8 d! ]if (ptr)
* r3 S3 ]2 b* V% B. Bprintf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
' f7 Q( K/ R: d/ W$ ~6 r [else 2 d, x! P+ q3 d# }' `0 _2 Q
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); ; }- B- ]. n9 h4 O. {
return 0;
7 e5 B" ^9 ]) K& m} % |5 @, Y, ]0 e- d. c5 N- _7 e
1 b/ _, A x* h7 Y
8 y# o5 _" `+ O( M0 p1 L3 b# x

7 k, j7 d9 t+ U9 u+ m/ ]5 ^) h函数名: strrchr 
% t1 p7 {' W+ s6 }$ g功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
& z; }: I; V5 g" i8 N用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
3 Y% u f. s; p# ^) i程序例: 
7 p- D1 c# a9 Q' ?, b+ E6 J#include <STRING.H>
9 F. Y4 H/ G& _8 j8 ]7 h3 k#include <STDIO.H>. ?1 m8 Q |3 Q% q
int main(void)
7 K. I+ b/ n0 `* k. b: f! U, m0 _9 @{ : l: d, V# m1 V7 M) E
char string[15];
1 E" O0 j1 X1 M+ P; I( ?char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
3 B$ r' W& V. C1 n/ Astrcpy(string, "This is a string"); 8 s7 D* u% f. Z7 ?# w- S& F C7 Q
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
6 ?7 \" j* Z" d/ f2 D$ xif (ptr) $ t3 D9 N& N3 U( J- s
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
* U5 q. A! m( q9 P. i( }9 s% ielse ( L0 N0 H6 @# }7 R, Q
printf("The character was not found\n");
9 j4 _6 L; q& W5 `! w1 y+ Vreturn 0; 7 G3 x2 o! X! t0 r& U- y6 m; ]( f1 {
} 
/ b9 u! {2 i' C/ O' l/ `! j" w2 p0 I; }. [; a) P) P

. w. Z2 _. y# |, p7 ~; U; G" T3 `9 B; t
函数名: strrev : x/ }7 y) A" q
功能: 串倒转
6 O( n& U% I: l. P' n9 D# Z用法: char *strrev(char *str); 4 \7 D( \3 s9 _/ F
程序例: 
+ I% H' R2 Q2 C( F/ y1 y#include <STRING.H>
7 ^9 x& _5 @3 Q5 w' q; h#include <STDIO.H>% Q: K# N1 f$ m' K+ h9 S3 X
int main(void)
$ z- | t+ V, o5 _9 v3 V8 ?{ . A( ?* X9 s, b- }% [3 n% s( I
char *forward = "string"; 
3 A8 X% e q# _printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
6 K U9 ]) ~* H* z7 V% Estrrev(forward);
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); : q( X% \/ W0 N7 ~; x) P1 x6 Y
return 0;
* g1 l' B) b- H, Q/ X} 
( f# i; S3 [* r' W- A2 i# D$ i9 C6 @
函数名: strset 
( q, g: C! n5 X: |功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 ) `8 n& B/ t: J9 p$ r# E+ t* R
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); ( n0 m5 d z( }# S& B: h
程序例: 1 W+ K* Q& V8 Y, f
#include <STDIO.H>) D2 v3 ?! @3 [3 e8 |
#include <STRING.H>) K- f1 `7 z- i/ U1 S, r
int main(void) * l/ }0 N3 j, T) C- i3 z7 R' i! i
{
5 b" o6 p. V" r4 n' e: W Q9 bchar string[10] = "123456789"; : g; ^6 i9 O! T2 M8 I! v8 u7 Z
char symbol = 'c'; 
# P+ ?0 S5 o" b" ]7 r( Pprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
8 t7 } D+ L; e7 R' ustrset(string, symbol); $ a& j' x+ S B- W* E/ V
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string); " d6 e) x/ D5 u9 z" t5 t- y! D+ }
return 0;
4 L7 ?$ R: {) `: {} / a- K# U3 v* \# O
+ ]8 o, e/ A* s! \7 O

$ E- _1 T. F6 r9 e- }- s$ ~
2 ]; g* P4 L$ J" A$ r; s函数名: strspn 
1 x5 Z# e5 b+ L$ w功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现 : O# |2 l |0 X2 d- v1 T9 F
用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); + v; r0 _& j* |
程序例: ; N d6 c' z8 h4 H. R. V- U
#include <STDIO.H>! j" u4 O" @' g9 w
#include <STRING.H>: a: S5 [- P8 u* D
#include <ALLOC.H>3 Y2 S' H8 Y2 x' J9 `1 f
int main(void)
 Q0 x$ o' L O{ - V: h p( ]' y. O
char *string1 = "1234567890"; % t6 i& X* y( Y0 B
char *string2 = "123DC8";
! \: j Q& Q$ E. kint length; - a$ o) t1 x' j! i
length = strspn(string1, string2);
9 P* b+ L4 Q1 V Y9 _$ M, o% oprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); q/ l, B! V' A4 ?3 C
return 0;
4 _. S- o, v; B( C}
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; o1 s; ^; d/ O8 @" [
函数名: strstr 
+ p, L3 ?1 H, [' J- \功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
2 w, w$ s) e. c0 w用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); 4 ^6 w1 n" c$ j
程序例: 
- K' T- ~* n; `4 c, k#include <STDIO.H>: A" A; f2 _0 B0 o# |
#include <STRING.H> _- S- c7 S7 b9 a. C
int main(void)
% ~8 n! z1 o% `. z- q{ 4 d/ z5 Y7 _' v5 g$ ^$ B9 a
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
$ P" H( e' b; h. J6 y) q1 H. [ptr = strstr(str1, str2); 9 g' d; `3 M2 n& _( x
printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
7 q- z4 B/ C9 f# J5 Areturn 0;
2 G ^8 ^" o2 c( n} A- H6 I0 T/ {! K1 n
7 u; ^6 Q% c2 B f D

, P [4 d* E G3 H% d函数名: strtod $ h0 d9 K% g& \* v8 }. l
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
8 t' @, K# R7 P t0 x; b* }用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); ' N1 G2 d" R! N9 t& Q( e! X R% x
程序例: # J0 y" n1 W, o
#include <STDIO.H>
' F) L% G" `" n#include <STDLIB.H>7 s# g1 F" J0 X ^/ q
int main(void)
7 a5 o2 N. O8 I, \$ f3 N* u6 s5 n. ]{
6 u p C5 ?0 F6 j. @char input[80], *endptr;
: P) ? ~9 z0 xdouble value; & s: Z3 i" `2 |
printf("Enter a floating point number:");
$ Y* z- J- x* D! I7 ]/ c0 w' _gets(input); 0 k( g/ h( ^: ~# L
value = strtod(input, &endptr); 9 k7 }4 o# D7 T7 R
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); * f$ B1 r+ r+ u8 n0 _+ T( v7 r
return 0;
+ ^( m6 l1 [, p} 4 c) k" u3 V: L- ], N

: d+ D/ L3 r3 J
% U) q8 @$ L$ E$ l' w
/ K U& L1 m8 {6 f' T( g# }函数名: strtok 2 H$ T2 z/ w! ]- D" v; a
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 0 u+ k+ t5 u' F: C0 `
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
1 m- `" k# P7 l& f) Y- N7 O9 y程序例: 
* h; P6 M$ n6 A I$ W#include <STRING.H>
3 @, G$ e& D9 t, p0 @$ G2 ^#include <STDIO.H>
8 `# y( u; B* {- @int main(void)
& d" o/ }7 ~& I) v) J, T; K{ 1 u; ^% D* v/ S0 I
char input[16] = "abc,d"; ! h, u D, y) J0 G
char *p; 
/ D7 @+ @( c, e+ O0 c/* strtok places a NULL terminator
! A* F" e! D5 {: v2 G3 tin front of the token, if found */ 1 b2 Q1 Q) p2 z! d! ~
p = strtok(input, ","); 4 c4 B. _" |. N" q g6 z0 z
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); ; k( J8 {# ^4 G% g
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
- T5 g: w. c" Z% W# ^ O0 gas the first parameter returns a pointer
, V7 _; J/ n8 k4 T3 c, J# ]8 @+ w* R7 dto the character following the token */
: k4 L$ g1 D8 S; E7 x1 lp = strtok(NULL, ","); / z4 j- H( n: ? A9 {' ~- I7 i( ?6 a
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); " _- x O+ ?8 @" o" ?! H; I! Z
return 0; 1 y, y& Z7 l6 B% {/ X0 S
} k+ G5 Z- X" P0 d
9 r, }% j/ U! j

0 @& d" N. o, | D8 L6 p- k. {: K. ]
函数名: strtol 
2 i) V, L7 t& ?功能: 将串转换为长整数 1 E6 @* H) D7 }# d: b, L( `9 x
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
! c6 q# V. V3 m5 f/ ]程序例: 
4 |! o$ R% i# V; r#include <STDLIB.H>
2 q+ V/ k* j3 y- M7 @3 J7 m: D% z#include <STDIO.H>1 u$ N) C* U/ |1 @( ], n2 c' L: p
int main(void)
' g6 E# [. u% i' ]+ ]{
- w3 Y' K4 _7 Z6 G q7 Ochar *string = "87654321", *endptr;
; V/ \3 c9 F4 j- q) G) {: q$ g& Wlong lnumber; 
1 e/ l1 r- Z& \/ y- F/* strtol converts string to long integer */
5 H/ A6 R& A' v9 ylnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); 1 t7 Q* O9 o a# O( Q9 M Q6 T
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
& V+ J( n+ |% F5 @, Rreturn 0;
! A' H9 b% U" y1 c- ^" }* Y1 {} ' R G, l) I3 h8 p6 A/ e: p

7 `( z( h2 B. s0 ]函数名: strupr 
6 Q4 a8 N( ?% A: c# [' s' W功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
) K& N" ?3 S3 W! b0 e8 n# Y0 i' w用法: char *strupr(char *str);
2 N) ]) a% l% g3 C* C$ v1 ]$ y/ @程序例: % C, p/ g" V" d6 v1 ~ b+ K+ Q- i
#include <STDIO.H>
4 Y R! Z% A$ q! |( d# I#include <STRING.H>
/ h$ L7 P( @3 B. N/ u, u5 S( I- bint main(void) 5 d3 x5 `1 b7 X) w) r5 H l' U
{ 6 P% A9 g3 s* S. G
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 0 Y( X8 l9 Y c; y
/* converts string to upper case characters */
8 [3 a$ C- Q$ M4 m4 e4 Z/ Xptr = strupr(string);
8 x' b. R' p( Q* X. {printf("%s\n", ptr); 3 n# `8 v+ i7 e
return 0; 9 d! K$ u+ @" Q4 R9 m& Y) L
} - C+ L! ^5 m9 D0 n- u( Z3 M

' a% j8 o" `) ~: c! Y }: i* j' H8 M- p3 {/ f

4 q: A+ M: c5 D% p% O函数名: swab 
: K" o( F% O B; y+ {% y功能: 交换字节 1 p; z3 b% n# `, K1 d x6 |
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
( v. n. v f- r4 j- J; j; O- B' U程序例: 
* V1 ~" G# F* r) _- x3 w1 _5 `* f#include <STDLIB.H>
3 R6 @. [# d- I; H#include <STDIO.H>* ^5 |& U' U w2 g( \" a& v
#include <STRING.H>
3 W& [: F' c* u) lchar source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; : D6 P) U" J" t- S' k! c8 i5 i
char target[15]; & n* m* Z8 W7 C0 G4 \5 x) U
int main(void) , ?1 B' ]! ?0 L
{
1 w. U4 h, J. n1 f% R, ]# _' xswab(source, target, strlen(source));
. `- C, x' m6 f! Q- `3 ^0 b nprintf("This is target: %s\n", target); " q. H$ c! i# h# U
return 0; ! h, t! b% j- ~
} ! ~2 s& }, C6 ]" C# A7 n9 A# k

% U; a6 t% i- y6 K4 m! f- R# g6 s8 Q' k7 O) g/ ~6 E

, P1 _5 t7 E: _. R7 D! g函数名: system & \' ^, \ \; [) w
功能: 发出一个DOS命令 * B2 x( w2 x, U0 t
用法: int system(char *command);
' m1 z% Z9 h( O8 `/ f程序例: 
1 ~+ V8 v. O5 V( R#include <STDLIB.H>9 T- S5 D7 B* h8 V% k& z a/ X. L
#include <STDIO.H>
) }/ ~6 V1 `5 |% a+ g& gint main(void) |. R0 d2 Y# d& A/ L
{ $ J- e% @2 y! d9 P/ |1 {, X
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
; f+ I1 L _# U/ U0 ]system("dir"); 8 r- w9 M) G c( ?
return 0;
$ D. Y- S! n& |% \% S}