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函数大全(g开头)

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<

align=center>函数大全(g开头)


<

>函数名: gcvt 
功能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ 
<

>/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>return(0);
}



<

>函数名: geninterrupt 
功能: 产生一个软中断
用法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例: 
<

>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
<

>/* function prototype */
void writechar(char ch); 
<

>int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar('*');
getch();
return 0;
} 
<

>/*
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/ 
<

>void writechar(char ch)
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}


<

>函数名: getarccoords 
功能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80]; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* draw arc and get coordinates */
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo); 
<

>/* convert arc information into strings */
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); 
<

>/* output the arc information */
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr); 
<

>/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



<

>函数名: getaspectratio 
功能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw wide circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getbkcolor 
功能: 返回当前背景颜色
用法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current background color */
bkcolor = getbkcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getc 
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
ch);
return 0;
}



函数名: getcbrk 
功能: 获取Control_break设置
用法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: getch 
功能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用法: int getch(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getchar 
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int c; 
/* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */ 
while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
printf("%c", c); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getche 
功能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用法: int getche(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getcolor 
功能: 返回当前画线颜色
用法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current drawing color */
color = getcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: getcurdir 
功能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录
用法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);
程序例: 
#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
char *current_directory(char *path)
{
strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */
path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */
getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */
return(path);
} 
int main(void)
{
char curdir[MAXPATH]; 
current_directory(curdir);
printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getcwd 
功能: 取当前工作目录
用法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[MAXPATH]; 
getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} 


函数名: getdate 
功能: 取DOS日期
用法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date d; 
getdate(&d);
printf("The current year is: %d\n",
d.da_year);
printf("The current day is: %d\n",
d.da_day);
printf("The current month is: %d\n",
d.da_mon);
return 0;
}


函数名: getdefaultpalette 
功能: 返回调色板定义结构
用法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i; 
/* structure for returning palette copy */
struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* return a pointer to the default palette */
pal = getdefaultpalette(); 
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i,
pal->colors); 5 U( _1 u. Z6 `# y/ D* @
getch();
' E% k9 j/ J8 T4 j/ c6 g# h* u4 F} 
1 X$ h) i2 K% Y( r' x6 y/ O/* clean up */
+ ?+ b5 N- w, n, i/ Qgetch(); 6 x1 s( ^& N& c* A: X; B6 L
closegraph(); % c9 |, o/ ^* E
return 0; 7 v; T: ~3 M1 d# k$ u+ L0 p
}
9 V. x5 b' o4 k; b
2 u6 S0 S3 G7 G. H$ s$ j4 a0 X
. S& D1 ~& P3 J1 C. v# p# \* h" h8 a函数名: getdisk 
2 v' i) W+ i/ K) w' t功能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号
2 M! ?7 ^8 f: b用法: int getdisk(void); ; Y4 p" A: i- _2 b8 i p) X$ P- e
程序例: " C8 {7 d0 w$ X# ^9 b
#include <STDIO.H>" r. V! u2 f- E
#include <DIR.H>7 W& W" c# m7 V0 c+ M Z: f
int main(void)
$ f. l0 {2 m% n{ / o" p) u: x& T
int disk; 
8 e* i# y1 y7 `* W+ h9 e7 sdisk = getdisk() + 'A'; J. y9 d! f3 ?% Z$ T+ z
printf("The current drive is: %c\n",
3 r" W- a& Z! d4 V i3 V- Bdisk);
8 C3 y& |& t6 I& {, B. Hreturn 0;
9 S. S V( a" R/ u o* r}
+ B: j& f3 c1 V4 t$ |: y7 e V- y% M; c8 l

% Y `2 c) L( @3 i$ \+ S9 j( M$ L" D9 z$ l6 L$ h/ y! k* B5 x
函数名: getdrivername ! D' t# y! h* P3 X
功能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针
% Y4 O; h3 l( ?用法: char *getdrivename(void); & e; u& D8 q' H4 j0 j( t
程序例: 
% o& x$ H4 w% s3 `& s#include <GRAPHICS.H>9 x) k \7 g. A2 Z& m
#include <STDLIB.H>
6 v. v1 z% i$ D v% B#include <STDIO.H>+ K+ r# R4 b6 L, @0 Z4 M
#include <CONIO.H>
5 ?1 K. i% `. [: H, `& _" b5 B( wint main(void)
( g/ r7 O$ q; B( w+ g$ {{ 6 E& W# k0 n6 Z9 A
/* request auto detection */ : X& e, g2 x" e$ o$ Y) O
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
+ }" G3 x: r! g% b1 h- {- E/* stores the device driver name */
+ ]+ ]) T) e. i2 g3 I! A. P6 }- {$ echar *drivername; i& c; T9 c% I$ o' Q
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ Z! p0 j0 Y8 o; V8 c! ]
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
1 h' f5 \. t! }' Y I/* read result of initialization */ ( e+ L8 m/ }/ T8 f y/ r
errorcode = graphresult();
$ I3 w0 i; {2 X6 D1 g/* an error occurred */
( \9 T# O8 P8 Sif (errorcode != grOk) , X# z Q0 x, Z, q" B
{ ! m8 J1 F3 `/ x- G! ~
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
( w& g* g7 J, Z1 U) tgrapherrormsg(errorcode)); 7 _# ^& P$ S* [
printf("Press any key to halt:"); - z7 m$ A( s8 j1 G+ {& w
getch(); 5 h2 v ]% ?- y; D& w0 o7 N3 X
/* terminate with an error code */ 2 d* W& v& R" K& E p: u! n
exit(1); ! H% P" _/ X. j' m* ~
} 
, J' x, L% I/ c, b4 v) C2 zsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 8 q9 E+ x5 ]$ G
/* get name of the device driver in use */ 4 f% [/ p0 t' e% ?8 I u
drivername = getdrivername(); 
6 O2 N+ f0 \: l' |& g. h. J/* for centering text on the screen */
! L. B/ G1 T3 q" u3 [: ?# Nsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
 d" _8 I: m" B& C9 e) t/* output the name of the driver */ ; K& K# Y' A2 s- |
outtextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2,
& t; A8 L0 e0 v% ^6 t5 idrivername); : \# Q2 O5 v! Q0 S7 _
/* clean up */ & H. T& M% x2 v: v( T, E
getch(); " F6 C6 v5 k! B% p( K
closegraph();
$ x5 v t7 q+ G7 y/ c: u7 P+ }6 @return 0; 4 ]: w$ z; l. Y# N! R! m* J
} ( w- y. S5 F; X/ p( e6 G4 z1 W2 h
' `% N0 ?1 I7 d w1 g, C

( E; B" D% \& W1 j2 q函数名: getdta 
4 ~7 u) x* h# Y/ w功能: 取磁盘传输地址 & X1 l: |1 F' J( `" x7 O
用法: char far *getdta(void); ) q7 E+ a) r/ O( K# X* q' u
程序例: 9 ~2 L C7 D4 V2 d9 l Z% X# [
#include <DOS.H>
6 R6 y: F7 F' Q; V# M$ x#include <STDIO.H>) _! p2 S3 c( d/ W; O
int main(void) 5 k: h6 W/ F3 x% Q+ R9 h) x5 F
{
( R3 y7 G+ Y8 T1 |/ C+ Vchar far *dta; 
( @: P3 d6 M. F% P8 \# ~3 V5 i, V; Fdta = getdta(); 9 N9 I r# V% T( L
printf("The current disk transfer \ . N; A: @' U& L/ ~6 i% O* r+ a
address is: %Fp\n", dta);
, S, }* {0 s* R, U8 S' c9 N, sreturn 0; 2 Z6 I' N4 h: k( C
} . C8 b' r' n' D) v5 M
" B2 n" c' [4 b+ R' I! @
7 R) y) b1 B1 r: C7 F
函数名: getenv : d: X9 P) b! i. v( J2 Z3 D2 S! N8 s
功能: 从环境中取字符串
. O6 z( o g O) t1 J1 q用法: char *getenv(char *envvar); : `) ~8 l( ~$ z9 D u2 D, q4 l
程序例: 3 P% |# _& n+ `5 l7 a5 u. {. v- X
#include <STDLIB.H>+ {" [% t0 E: E' O5 I* J
#include <STDIO.H>( t0 _5 P/ F" o- P i- M
- a, Y: H& d9 ?2 v* o8 C
int main(void) ( c& @& l n O
{ 9 O+ v0 Z/ h0 M1 `. l4 T
char *s; 
- y# p2 {* p8 i" ]% @% z- bs=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */
% ^1 X" W# ?8 g* v$ [+ G( ]printf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ 
 ^& f; d8 u. f" R' [3 }3 @0 ?return 0; ) G( t; p6 y) p9 n9 \, X: Q
} ) C. V7 U8 G4 k% \

; `7 K# U* R O& Y0 u/ i, ~' \3 J- p+ g4 Y" t& U
9 `3 Y1 @/ b' Y/ |! q, F
函数名: getfat, getfatd ^ ]7 l) M+ W' ]6 Y# j
功能: 取文件分配表信息
 a# G1 _# q/ ]1 v4 b; W" H用法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp);
: F- B4 M: l8 D9 u6 `) g程序例: 9 y0 `& x# ^+ K4 I1 D0 E" A9 ?- f
#include <STDIO.H>2 @% b. j+ U% }
#include <DOS.H>
* g) W2 t$ t+ U) Wint main(void)
0 K0 i, F/ E2 L: F% f" V8 f# r. |{ ! w6 \: `$ R% G: w0 F- G
struct fatinfo diskinfo; " {0 f x% w5 v& p
int flag = 0; : ~ n) E- e2 z5 {/ C7 h
printf("Please insert disk in drive A\n");
/ _* B; I1 f5 I! K& g7 V5 V: cgetchar(); 
) W( U' o$ G3 k. A; A5 B8 Y! Egetfat(1, &diskinfo);
 B& P9 o* J2 N. H5 ]* ^/* get drive information */ 1 `$ h6 e+ u1 {3 o d. I6 l6 {6 D
printf("\nDrive A: is ");
* @9 \. `5 q" vswitch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid) ' L. M; x1 x! s
{ 9 T; }$ d2 g( ]# u* C5 I; M
case 0xFD: ) m2 Q# Z. \6 n$ y/ L
printf("360K low density\n");
4 W$ ]( A/ r* u# V0 c9 c5 hbreak; 
" a) d& G z5 t t8 b: rcase 0xF9:
4 C9 y0 I! ?' ?+ d* h/ Lprintf("1.2 Meg high density\n");
$ l8 @, H) ~. K4 T/ `3 P7 obreak; " t# i" b+ F5 r F& I6 g" t' k% j
default: * M0 b4 A) b0 n0 h- L9 G" g! r' ^
printf("unformatted\n");
- K3 u- q; [0 A5 I+ x0 w0 o8 \8 c3 \flag = 1;
0 |5 k1 H$ ~: R* e) c} 
 `$ w8 W! o+ P6 w" k7 lif (!flag)
; }2 Y) G3 E; L7 k0 Z [; H{ * n0 S2 {' x, U$ w+ s
printf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n",
- @3 r" G0 Q7 s7 h1 W" `diskinfo.fi_sclus); 2 c' i1 b5 _3 e, }# I
printf(" number of clusters %5d\n",
2 ` f5 [9 @0 }8 z, zdiskinfo.fi_nclus);
& l1 T5 R( ^ Pprintf(" bytes per sector %5d\n",
* ]1 D( P V1 ]8 G8 d! d# l' Sdiskinfo.fi_bysec);
3 D5 n$ [, N/ @5 ~8 S} 3 n5 G* F# b3 m$ a
return 0;
0 F8 A$ T# J: D/ ]& `8 H} 5 z6 H) _. \+ h" N
3 l: i+ v$ Q) `+ U

 P( N6 Y3 t Q5 h' Q+ {函数名: getfillpattern 
, l, r# \' I% d' c( u; C0 p9 K1 }1 i功能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中 % m! H1 D+ {. f o, I
用法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern); + _) g9 {6 n$ n, C
程序例: 8 s* e: V q4 P/ A9 G/ ]
#include <GRAPHICS.H>, [! b' Y0 u* e+ a
#include <STDLIB.H>0 Q; { c2 X' e+ Q$ [: w/ o0 l
#include <STDIO.H>
+ P5 E( q0 W5 X5 F' F5 {1 i#include <CONIO.H>
3 s/ c# m5 b" h, j& x L' {int main(void) ; n- F2 C3 S$ \' L( |% ?4 h
{ ! s ^- D7 Q1 ]/ W0 A6 U! B7 J
/* request auto detection */
. o2 w* [: o& x! Gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; - \+ o0 P; ~$ e$ U- R# P
int maxx, maxy;
8 M9 a- y2 m5 M/ f3 U9 Q2 jchar pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; 8 a/ F* @+ U% h5 z
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . |% [0 u% Y6 ~- X8 e, @. M* E
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); & h# v7 S7 J9 w( D
/* read result of initialization */
7 p6 A0 T: i4 a- s5 y. E3 B& Werrorcode = graphresult(); - P, R0 h% `2 c4 u
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 0 o o# {+ E$ {, d! b0 _ _
{
4 K+ H; |( X6 H) z4 b# bprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 y# d9 F, t; K1 ?$ z
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ; `6 l+ Q& g3 N0 q& e
getch(); + k8 a5 {5 \6 j) K! @
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . W: V2 c* k: z8 {( T% q: D8 M
} 
4 K9 P$ ^% c- ?$ n9 J+ |maxx = getmaxx();
/ N' v/ z4 ~2 G" {8 D4 T# Gmaxy = getmaxy();
# m- f2 v% M4 s' f5 M" Wsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
+ Q9 D1 e8 _0 o/ t% t+ y: }/* select a user defined fill pattern */ + x9 \0 F$ T' J0 m% {
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); - D) E; ^5 f# m) R/ E1 r+ }1 ?" o
/* fill the screen with the pattern */ $ p. p2 V5 o% E( m5 B X1 g2 a) U& Z
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 9 F& t8 m; f0 P t; u
getch(); - x/ h# X! ~( K5 O* m/ z/ V
/* get the current user defined fill pattern */
 \2 Q2 k+ G9 ngetfillpattern(pattern); 3 O. b3 t5 |3 z
/* alter the pattern we grabbed */ # x6 W; F5 l- c
pattern[4] -= 1; 1 ~8 i1 K( h5 x! D
pattern[5] -= 3;
1 _# A) h. i% Y5 v4 d% ]pattern[6] += 3;
5 \: s7 g# H) z) P$ N' Npattern[7] -= 4; 9 A& L6 l4 d( i3 i$ T! {* f- c4 |
/* select our new pattern */ 8 ^/ ~4 P0 w6 X: L
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
! F- U- I% H- _/ V. e% Q3 `/* fill the screen with the new pattern */ ) G1 @5 |' X( h$ e; o) `% e
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 2 x) L8 _* K! q4 z" d+ ]6 x: l
/* clean up */
) I; t+ @3 F2 }% G$ Cgetch();
7 \1 y. v. V( v! ?0 pclosegraph();
$ @% D- e6 ]0 P% K, \$ G" E6 Lreturn 0;
; Q$ l( \6 H* q4 E# ^} : \, n) i6 U: G) O& Z
9 z6 h0 B# \! L8 H% F; i t& B

+ {- a6 |/ j$ w+ f: W8 Z# E5 S函数名: getfillsettings ! R% p5 `- g1 U: B
功能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息
. X& |8 e2 i+ X用法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo);
0 i0 D* X. ]/ r6 f- {4 I: W4 e程序例: 6 Z8 K2 ?- `# v/ Z5 p; T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>% Q" w5 ^$ t7 d# o
#include <STDLIB.H>
) w& j R$ |+ X- D$ @#include <STDIO.H>
0 h7 o* q# s$ z* C7 \, V#include <CONIO.H># w+ ?3 i) J6 E1 e8 s1 b+ U
/ the names of the fill styles supported */ + K& `2 F$ S& b" H M9 ~
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL", W+ b1 u. B$ D2 _# h
"SOLID_FILL",
8 n7 |; n1 ~4 \* Z"LINE_FILL",
$ n( e% d' |9 q7 G1 W% S"LTSLASH_FILL",
3 w- ^# w8 y, Y! U4 R1 X+ {"SLASH_FILL", 6 w2 a2 p5 K% E2 W8 f S6 a
"BKSLASH_FILL",
, v5 ]4 l0 s; B+ x# K. e"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
6 F A- `& m9 o# }"HATCH_FILL", + j5 z8 d, {& `3 g$ j2 b
"XHATCH_FILL", % x# s6 ?8 ~% W3 w' F4 |
"INTERLEAVE_FILL", 4 b2 j* g2 g1 M3 c
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
0 s1 C# y, L. I) S% _+ e"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
+ k }! q" g0 p/ y2 _9 Y4 X* v9 m"USER_FILL" ) i6 k, W# i% T* C
}; 
1 K& a' G3 k, J; y8 M- kint main(void)
" w9 ^- c/ t! W% ]' C7 x) m. R+ ?{ % d! Y v( A4 }. m
/* request auto detection */ 1 Y* i2 w7 K0 o1 T0 B! J, ?
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
+ p4 X) @9 Q; T; j2 M2 ]struct fillsettingstype fillinfo;
' I# j% L0 ^$ F. U' kint midx, midy; , N4 |& C0 F" r0 S9 I* F o1 f
char patstr[40], colstr[40]; ; r: X+ c: P8 _6 S. P
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
7 t2 X+ I5 S% k' E5 Winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ' p* i1 T% e; `. u* D
/* read result of initialization */ ) l. K3 w1 K3 W' x1 I& H
errorcode = graphresult();
0 \$ p1 a+ S# c9 B% Iif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # x/ J2 f8 o9 E# _
{ 3 o5 `0 R3 W$ v
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 2 u1 s! f! C. r& c- e
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ; ?# j D+ Y2 j; F3 R5 h9 L+ F2 T" K
getch();
! ?8 a* C7 V) @. mexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ : X8 L- G, I# z, k( o
} 
% j- T) h) f6 Xmidx = getmaxx() / 2; % G: w# K+ p2 u: P0 _# J7 B
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
0 Y9 R% L' d6 ~: t& |% ~9 @, |6 F3 `: Y/* get information about current fill pattern and color */
/ r5 t) s. v2 N4 f0 Lgetfillsettings(&fillinfo); 
: t5 \5 m* ^4 u1 M) b/* convert fill information into strings */ ( G' `" J- X) k
sprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]);
1 O0 S' O( F7 R2 k4 t1 ssprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); 2 `' L, [, {* C! ^5 J
/* display the information */ 5 H" Y: s$ r* d) e# u- ?, b/ W
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ' } G. C, f" X. g
outtextxy(midx, midy, patstr); 1 _( O" v( T; W8 j7 i: {
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); ; c q% v- K/ a) t8 V
/* clean up */ 2 m0 |) n" L, Q% s) w7 x, S, w
getch(); # b; Z k6 K& x
closegraph();
* w# L- a2 R1 x' |return 0;
" m0 r2 u) j2 l, _0 O+ N7 M}
5 q1 y# x/ ~; n8 ~! N# h v$ J- t2 k$ s
; I6 ~+ I3 X) s$ P9 E9 V

: t7 |; J6 q) T% J q函数名: getftime 
) F. x! R5 w/ S, M功能: 取文件日期和时间 ; S0 I/ U7 k( q# b
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); ' k" L4 F, i& Y3 g: b; W( ~
程序例: + K5 F0 q: X: d9 ]# D
#include <STDIO.H>4 u" E6 y8 k% Y# z& Z4 X& G8 C( n7 p
#include <IO.H>2 d; u$ N) T' V# Y A' o
int main(void)
, V* e3 }' L1 _: K1 q{
+ U" k& D7 j2 W( PFILE *stream;
* F6 ]& K/ ?: m+ _1 s& Zstruct ftime ft; 
, b1 [0 n; v/ I5 G5 T. y6 r4 vif ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", 7 A- {2 f/ o& [3 B; p9 m, n" u7 v
"wt")) == NULL)
7 J; W, a, E! L. S% k2 ~0 q" w7 B{ # ~7 O+ j. n! | Q, Q3 f
fprintf(stderr,
; N' W. A5 q: f! H"Cannot open output file.\n");
5 H9 |* U% Y9 W# U, h) \8 Mreturn 1; 3 A; K0 i" d: P' D; s
}
9 w1 y# t9 R1 zgetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); 6 ]( d! y! ~# R( `6 Z8 }( V! s/ i
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
' g4 J( ~, A$ m K5 I4 A Nft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, 5 q4 G- ]" i; M
ft.ft_tsec * 2);
( F) _; r9 e6 u9 n# \; Kprintf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
" e+ j" F4 p/ I2 c, o$ h2 K! [) Rft.ft_month, ft.ft_day,
1 `2 F6 S# M( e3 @! A, Dft.ft_year+1980); : I7 `7 u9 R2 A0 u5 f" Y1 e
fclose(stream);
, p+ \4 E1 _4 f* q' N, Ireturn 0; & X# ]( m* j; d4 ^! v
} ' l& h9 f! [; d8 f0 A

, a" ?) r# ]8 e: c; Q
. c7 v- N R4 i( X7 p$ i# T! i6 _( m3 v/ A; D
函数名: getgraphmode ! \! {1 {/ ^1 h, }1 I* X( Z! P- N' \. M
功能: 返回当前图形模式 4 T9 I4 B1 w9 o( f9 t
用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
: T# v! q, g8 W/ k程序例: 5 ]+ @1 L3 q( J) S) J
#include <GRAPHICS.H> h( O9 D* r+ M1 G
#include <STDLIB.H>
: R4 x# K. k: k% `! s9 |- b6 f4 j#include <STDIO.H>( ~. s2 Q2 r$ v! n' V) `, n
#include <CONIO.H>
! Y* m, a) i0 c9 r5 k4 Bint main(void)
. y, Z- u5 u5 Y{
; ?8 M) d7 T3 S5 B/* request auto detection */
7 t; [: b- A E$ Q3 Nint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 6 I; Y6 B% z* t4 z2 Z
int midx, midy, mode;
, x% b% G: k% n: @! B$ H! j: h: zchar numname[80], modename[80]; 
, q( E6 k0 `. z H4 p7 t9 G/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: j- c( J# C s3 Y" \, u7 ]6 _initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ; h* |5 f, Q8 d# Q6 I8 z
/* read result of initialization */ " D0 L: `6 u8 u9 T0 J+ [# K
errorcode = graphresult();
# B/ {# F2 {1 j1 t& ^ _4 o) x/* an error occurred */
- L& d! S) h" [; r; Eif (errorcode != grOk)
; M/ f/ B2 u% L* n{ + H" B% z+ f2 \0 N0 B
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
, X( ^. p8 F$ J* R* E3 V8 h! Igrapherrormsg(errorcode));
 o$ c, D+ w* `! @8 P- C; S7 L5 Jprintf("Press any key to halt:");
$ z8 n4 \7 J3 \" p- Vgetch();
9 U! n" ]# ~' `* k/ u4 D/* terminate with an error code */
' q h V/ _: t0 c; fexit(1); $ t6 S/ f. n. {* h% a- B* f
} ; \ L5 m% M0 E- E' |* z# S
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 1 L6 u* R- ^. }% X" E# y& j
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ) t/ t1 ]# V4 z9 q/ r; {! A" F. F
/* get mode number and name strings */ 6 Q' I3 K, ~- M* U* n
mode = getgraphmode();
7 g0 u1 U% f5 ]& p4 ^0 I# Usprintf(numname, + J% ]; P% E0 Q+ ]. v* x
"%d is the current mode number.",
: u2 Q( H/ @1 \0 Z+ j* |mode); 8 w0 F# q% J' |/ u' c
sprintf(modename, ; V2 ~7 M+ q% y
"%s is the current graphics mode",
 k6 J0 K; Q ^getmodename(mode)); 
6 s# X r0 {5 S) ]/ u& f1 z J! Q/* display the information */
4 Q" O/ ^) |( K0 vsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
* ~% N2 K: E2 v0 L2 z: ^% J( e; qouttextxy(midx, midy, numname);
' k$ K/ D% f7 A7 R; p6 y( Youttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
* ?9 {# z' [& Q( M: Rmodename); # J3 O$ W' s2 l4 g5 w" ?
/* clean up */ ) _" i5 U, Y* r* I7 ], m8 `
getch(); ( o% x8 y/ N+ h! R% B- T3 `/ v
closegraph(); ' Q2 Y+ G7 M2 V; R
return 0;
' ^% H0 w; J+ E* [} * s/ z/ z: I7 f1 K y( e

- _ @5 E$ M! ]8 Z- A! M) q6 @/ l( @6 _- l1 G" O) O; \" I1 |
函数名: getftime 
( W8 K0 h$ _$ a6 O: q功能: 取文件日期和时间 2 h9 v0 ?4 q& D+ a2 G, d2 ^4 G
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); 2 T' O" ]# {/ u5 ^
程序例: 
2 v [6 Z" F. w6 s- X6 C#include <STDIO.H>* @7 X/ g$ ]1 V& [) H9 d
#include <IO.H>% G+ S' h8 J3 I% U
int main(void)
9 Y8 C6 k* m- L) ^( X9 o# c{ ; Y' c3 G: i3 M+ I8 t2 b
FILE *stream; + n. u4 k$ s. s6 O$ j; Q9 l
struct ftime ft; 
, g$ u. `+ f4 w7 ~* g0 _$ w, v& Lif ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", " _0 Z4 v# b+ b9 V: l ~( H* j% K
"wt")) == NULL) : F" W+ l7 z; q7 r! _. [% {
{
' f7 K, B. F- w; p; G2 e& {fprintf(stderr, & a5 k B: A, K$ m1 C/ o
"Cannot open output file.\n");
. W7 I7 N2 s9 O7 u# \return 1;
1 Y! y" I$ v% ]; F5 U. |# b}
2 g$ X0 `8 T; N2 E- b$ ]/ jgetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); " x5 s) N3 R( l3 G2 f
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", 2 `) |! I0 ]- S8 O! c4 v( h
ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min,
% e1 f1 l- \7 V1 N" E; W @1 ift.ft_tsec * 2);
& f- P/ B1 X) F7 k/ s% ~printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
; }2 M6 B! J* W/ o7 _* S1 Tft.ft_month, ft.ft_day,
5 s4 n; x J: @' |3 }+ n: U9 ^ft.ft_year+1980); & P2 H; k0 h D1 h
fclose(stream); ! X- a$ \8 H( d% G2 l
return 0; 9 B9 m! |0 j% ?3 i* i I
} 
4 i* i* `9 S8 m' Z- Z4 M5 j
 s R$ g. U( p" {- N2 c l7 _
& ], o% q; Y1 M0 f$ V- [, |4 u% h5 T: n& L. ~
函数名: getgraphmode 
! P9 ]$ H! h) l# s功能: 返回当前图形模式 ; J8 K8 x3 }% a) @4 I; x% F$ _
用法: int far getgraphmode(void); . U* k U7 G/ G0 r, `) m
程序例: 7 A. i0 I, h G+ A% u
#include <GRAPHICS.H>& N2 O# V( X: z! w5 I( y/ g
#include <STDLIB.H>
$ b5 }% D5 I6 |9 w9 H) \; P#include <STDIO.H>
; c! }7 ^- U1 q#include <CONIO.H>3 n' h( `: X _5 A \) k
int main(void)
; d/ _) v1 W" Y. g- k; y* c$ r{
1 p( Y( U+ a* Y- {% T/* request auto detection */ , q) `2 ]+ x8 ]8 J' q" x
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; n) e3 H+ J6 q' C" ]
int midx, midy, mode; - P+ }2 ]* w' u6 W) l: \8 t
char numname[80], modename[80]; + C4 S; ?% s7 r" u# Z* U C
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ; E7 ^+ g$ C6 @* o" A8 R& [1 a% f
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
- J) |2 e- ^7 Y1 G6 b* F/* read result of initialization */ # N% x0 ~ y8 J
errorcode = graphresult();
4 ?- ~' r# y" U. W- L' A, b/* an error occurred */
; F* a( C' x/ M$ I( u: `2 Hif (errorcode != grOk) ' |# ? o$ M% k7 L) a8 n: n! V& F
{
* O$ H% {, S+ d0 }) M/ x/ Eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", 6 O0 D/ M, d# f3 z0 d- j* y& U
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, Y s3 B: K! \- Yprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 2 Z; P) f4 N( l! [9 Q' u
getch(); ) j: E9 l; J$ t- O/ ~
/* terminate with an error code */ * B$ T% K* \. D4 \9 d# u. z( i2 B
exit(1);
% J. K2 s4 {3 b8 s+ H' Y1 N} ; l/ @1 z& D/ N
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 7 y/ {* r9 y; t9 Q+ D
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
, ], P: a' Z6 k. P/* get mode number and name strings */
8 ` B) Z2 p0 n$ smode = getgraphmode(); ( h7 }1 f N( `1 N) E6 p
sprintf(numname, - @8 h+ [/ e; |- f& ~( v
"%d is the current mode number.",
* U, [+ c" @: p X6 R' y9 U4 Zmode); 7 b4 @5 Y0 h- t+ s( _! n' `( Q
sprintf(modename,
7 ?4 L0 }" k5 Q" V( p"%s is the current graphics mode", 4 w0 t1 W; R6 j
getmodename(mode)); 
' {% e& A% P6 R0 w/* display the information */
4 @, S! g5 ?( l2 `# j' ^settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ; ?* L' F1 t' u& t L
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
! Z6 w. i7 L x6 x6 i$ W Z1 P1 Gouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
: g; R4 H+ h; K) C- ^/ c# Jmodename); 3 n. C7 r5 a0 ]% f/ h2 I7 o
/* clean up */ ! ~. I7 V$ B* Q, O( I5 ^" @( v
getch();
+ h a: e$ k9 ?closegraph();
1 {( s, Y3 v% \; T+ [return 0;
" z; W9 f) J$ |0 p# j} , t$ c! }, H. k+ U8 d6 K

2 [% C& v. V6 a" O+ T$ ^. z) r9 y+ S; _4 x' u" e( c8 P" W1 \
函数名: getimage 6 R6 B+ X* {5 n1 Q4 [+ a
功能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中 , Y: s4 \; U5 y- q( l
用法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, 9 I& o7 k- \7 `' @
void far *bitmap);
( n. E( D" g3 W, i) i程序例: 
0 h+ o) [: ]5 C" S" d#include <GRAPHICS.H>7 K2 K% |: A2 w/ i3 O/ S* d$ K
#include <STDLIB.H>, N6 P$ d# ? W$ n# X5 S+ ^3 K
#include <STDIO.H>
5 e8 E7 r, ]/ n#include <CONIO.H>+ \. { w. W% t% c
#include <ALLOC.H>9 I% R* x( W) J( T. {& t3 b
void save_screen(void far *buf[4]);
' r7 l& P- P( xvoid restore_screen(void far *buf[4]); 7 e7 i. c1 E0 N' k+ n# N
int maxx, maxy; , h, H. F ~6 C# B( f, r
int main(void)
2 ]9 C2 H9 A' t1 y{ 9 w- Q% Q3 I, _# ]# M" C( u4 p
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode; # h8 \ O, }6 V
void far *ptr[4]; % d% k# q2 q0 r/ R
/* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */
& w9 _7 G8 m7 winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
& M2 G3 w1 N ]9 zerrorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */
, b' k" s% c0 v# T$ J, Oif (errorcode != grOk)
+ y1 Z* ~9 x8 p5 C7 g{
! |2 K4 s$ H4 `# M# X8 Oprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
0 x' j1 Q7 z m! Bprintf("Press any key to halt:");
8 l" k: N; V. r1 b- d! y# j C( Xgetch();
7 e6 T9 u' d0 \5 @exit(1);
/ Z3 i0 p2 b- T+ A' G! ?9 J}
8 q' n- u, X6 |" O& Nmaxx = getmaxx(); 3 }$ z+ a+ I/ F- R. ~" V
maxy = getmaxy(); 
5 C4 J, h3 X/ m/ U" U/* draw an image on the screen */
% o9 E( r( B9 p2 {rectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
) E6 h. c7 g9 Uline(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
 f3 }) ]0 i, T( i6 [; iline(0, maxy, maxx, 0); ' \, p3 z: t1 h
save_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */
getch(); /* pause screen */
1 d8 x1 r8 s- Y: ?/ d, Scleardevice(); /* clear screen */ + n: W: [+ q" B6 D
restore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */ " ^6 @4 w# o! }
getch(); /* pause screen */ 3 M, h$ p# F! e
closegraph(); 8 Y5 a0 K8 J5 q$ g) s4 F
return 0; 7 E5 P0 w; e5 G0 t
} : F2 Q3 {! q9 v+ }0 h$ \: j1 d
void save_screen(void far *buf[4])
( ]* f( v# w$ ?; [{
% p5 M2 g$ R" ~unsigned size;
 m4 M9 j D7 z$ P# Iint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; # D H; q) A. W* V$ T6 F) ]
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4;
* d# j. P5 @* e5 I/ m9 r4 s4 R7 ?yend = yincr;
' t- k& U9 s* G# d( K, Ssize = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ % D! w" u6 ]1 V3 m3 m
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
& Q& } N, q. D0 v{
. h/ O5 V' f L/ J7 q3 V2 N1 Zif ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL)
. g7 m7 ~. f' h{ 6 i8 W2 {7 |! N' V4 k% Y$ L' u8 Y
closegraph();
6 f- Y0 U( h9 k6 m6 ?printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); ( C5 C# {! e5 U/ A
exit(1);
( a$ R7 _) o$ d* E1 T% }} 
, E3 g1 L' l$ ugetimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
3 O) S* I* y+ D/ k# f/ U) _ystart = yend + 1;
1 I( w J/ I! K& q L: i5 a+ Qyend += yincr + 1; 1 f5 V9 G1 X8 Y" b4 s
} $ `6 j* _2 R7 T4 o% E" {2 u
} ( b9 l( ?6 K Z' T) V
void save_screen(void far *buf[4])
- D' i/ y( L; H+ l/ G3 u5 A4 ~{ 0 y3 L4 t9 R# N X+ T
unsigned size;
; Z) p# B s; m' F- B" qint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; ) c: }6 Q: F4 |) Y+ f3 Z1 h i
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4;
: g2 i( V J N" I7 Tyend = yincr; , Z6 m. @9 o' r& G1 r! v
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ 3 i4 W( @' w" T+ e. H
for (block=0; block<=3; block++) 8 ^3 i+ E2 ]( X# w( f3 L7 ?
{ ; Z7 V: o$ i5 g0 G% P( {+ x
if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL)
3 Y3 ?' B$ q- }# A0 d( C4 f! _{ & o/ K; c! Z9 J m" @8 w, q! ]8 l- B
closegraph(); 9 B0 b/ ^% F6 `' f( Z z; y
printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); / b# M3 Z3 K% v& U/ h
exit(1); 9 j. T. o) Q% p$ U' y& \1 L8 Z
} ( k- ?# n- u1 ?5 J
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
6 y; M& b, J* fystart = yend + 1; 5 T* ?$ L4 D% C& l3 r) I* b
yend += yincr + 1; ) F ^1 x1 n( I0 @- y
}
+ e1 Z7 k3 N- u: w; ~% u# ^0 r} / D" ~; k* V) V n5 k
void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]) : u! f% I" v; N
{ & ~ C; u- P8 B6 U( {% M/ k
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; ' j# F9 y" P: z; Z. W
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; C2 s% e& ^& S- o# L/ M
yend = yincr; 
; d. R$ Q/ S& \( h8 kfor (block=0; block<=3; block++) 7 b7 Q. T D b# |- y p
{
# p; z: W. O5 q' s: f1 L r# Jputimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT);
- i1 a g0 k! J {9 d4 [farfree(buf[block]); ; O/ K2 ^1 A, P3 G6 B
ystart = yend + 1; 8 ^% m5 ~! `& V" B" v6 V5 m
yend += yincr + 1; % ~# a T9 I1 y5 ?2 E
}
! T0 W% Z# B3 @+ T7 t} 
4 ^" B% `+ L: r6 I9 n9 H6 V$ Q
/ L: y& `0 |' p1 {4 O9 X. \- p D" Q+ b7 o6 R% {6 N
函数名: getlinesettings 
/ ^. N: v/ s: w2 z功能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度
8 p/ W8 ]& x( ^用法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo):
0 g- ?7 E9 H1 N# s2 f2 P. [. B程序例: 6 u9 T& \, N4 A% T q4 p
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
; G) V# r' ~* h- M#include <STDLIB.H>
3 T- M% E- c' U5 Y1 F; [" Q9 ?2 W#include <STDIO.H>2 V! ~% j9 {0 [( @" N) p
#include <CONIO.H>2 t' p3 I9 P7 a) c' ^5 E/ q
/* the names of the line styles supported */
/ y0 K4 q9 E5 M; [char *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE", * K J5 f1 x* S: D
"DOTTED_LINE",
! U8 W; C: Z) g5 ~- X' f% r; H# l"CENTER_LINE",
2 v- H" Y" c" s6 Z, Z( D- l"DASHED_LINE", " m D8 S) W7 J( x
"USERBIT_LINE"
% k1 j5 n8 S0 \ A# y}; 2 w9 w4 _6 C" c4 d- ]3 |7 y, c: P
int main(void) . s0 o# R6 n* L: m
{ ! V* }- g! G1 A! G. D+ _
/* request auto detection */ # g, }; A5 y( q E
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
0 @/ ^5 h; s! H: _4 G+ H: d0 h7 Estruct linesettingstype lineinfo; 1 B- Q1 b8 v/ m2 J, s( h5 {3 o% I; v
int midx, midy; $ K1 {+ A' b6 E- u
char lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; 
. s" |% V9 T( C/* initialize graphics and local variables */ % }# l j% ?& }4 q) O
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
8 }: t8 t/ s. d8 a2 ]/* read result of initialization */ & H1 i- c4 } R
errorcode = graphresult();
' _' q! J- k( [6 v8 N9 C: N7 z" oif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 7 W( h2 F; `4 l' I
{ 5 } X6 O/ o8 M9 t- v+ i& G) f( d% T
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
) N v, C) ]2 x! @' Q' yprintf("Press any key to halt:"); . t3 \2 [0 L. f" i! f8 x
getch();
" C A% L3 m! \exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ' }# y1 P7 ]1 g% v
} 
/ `6 y+ B( l1 M) p, hmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
8 x! K& m# a2 V" S9 l( Hmidy = getmaxy() / 2; , p6 s/ D4 _, u9 i/ ^* H5 t
/* get information about current line settings */
- b$ I& {! W, w. v9 hgetlinesettings(&lineinfo); : n* a! s1 e) k/ L7 J
/* convert line information into strings */
4 S+ J/ U' Z3 Y isprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.",
& d7 `. R: o" O; e1 r0 y) j- Rlname[lineinfo.linestyle]);
3 V$ d6 z0 j) ?- L8 r7 hsprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.", ( y& d& U+ k2 ?. p6 ?- A
lineinfo.upattern); & ~% v- e; l7 P! X. |" L! o+ E
sprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.",
7 [% N2 G( U5 _! f Q' Q+ g; xlineinfo.thickness); 
! A; C- n% s. {# ] R+ I/* display the information */
- W" { [, v* o5 v) c) d* Usettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
+ n/ [: |* ^/ X5 V! w! Aouttextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); + `: p' v3 k6 L0 ]
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern);
/ I' y0 y* a2 n7 ~" i' K3 Qouttextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); 
- b, ^& G' C3 S- k/* clean up */
- ^. h; q+ c( tgetch(); 6 V9 s5 F) `. H* X' Y. Z. E6 Z
closegraph(); : N8 n8 [: ?6 Z# O2 t. ~
return 0;
. O8 a! N1 Y& r' ]} 
% l5 w, n3 T! I3 G% c# _' d2 h; j) A# p7 H0 M: e* m' n
5 S; u* }* w5 S" U0 u
函数名: getmaxcolor , m9 o% [) l* R! }2 M, H$ c" O) E
功能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值
7 J% k! w3 M Q% |; B4 A$ A用法: int far getmaxcolor(void);
; K3 Z& n5 E% n/ w7 T程序例: * k% s) }; e% K! V; y0 j
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
, F* L' r5 {* q3 u) V& I6 {5 U9 c#include <STDLIB.H>* x3 d2 g( x% A$ U% c8 B, F
#include <STDIO.H>
2 Y! c& o* _& ]( m#include <CONIO.H>( J; _ k! v" u* N/ u8 C4 h5 y
int main(void) . Q a2 s8 R) r$ q
{
6 w% C/ L4 N5 W! D+ j2 f1 U3 C+ ^& k/* request auto detection */
/ Y4 n5 m$ T1 g/ D& x0 r% W7 N `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
7 U! M: k3 u- [; C4 F; @. M9 Vint midx, midy; ; v. R; N( M u' a. N
char colstr[80]; : E1 J$ f$ M) E& J. w! u. N8 c
/* initialize graphics and local variables
0 C; ~2 S) x: r*/ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); & _2 w; |) {" k5 ^3 f1 k# a
/* read result of initialization */
7 ]& e/ N( T1 o# L7 \: ?errorcode = graphresult(); , |' o2 c& e" }8 g/ `6 p* z
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
5 k1 H3 Y, A- X6 D, w1 A c{ * X6 s% ]4 ^0 T& D! _
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
% W" X p* R0 t+ O5 S. dprintf("Press any key to halt:"); $ M$ U# Q7 X/ {9 o& l" r7 J
getch(); ; I- y/ y! h8 a4 i0 {& O
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
7 a5 [% M3 f [- d$ q} 0 Z' p, }4 B! x5 T6 q& m3 o
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
+ v4 ?) ~% d6 G N; S/ J. K: Y0 Dmidy = getmaxy() / 2; $ r- Q! L* a& U
/* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */
& F3 L$ j5 I5 y* ?2 p+ j$ h; psprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); 
 {) `1 c. R) c$ a; M! e/ q7 L/* display the information */ ) W: p- @: X8 Q0 h/ ~( A# g* K& U
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 3 _' C3 w0 R/ p! B
outtextxy(midx, midy, colstr); ' F9 m1 B9 P' {: o5 }
/* clean up */
; { z7 R# Y ?- K6 Hgetch(); 6 a4 ^0 x6 h+ ~5 I2 F
closegraph(); l; T0 w2 [2 a5 v
return 0;
0 o" K9 X5 B9 `/ ~' x} 
9 @- s" ]4 ^3 x1 K/ C9 |" E* ]4 m4 Z$ S

* D M6 p1 V/ X) e4 Q5 S* i$ x/ D; Y; p6 Q. d: \7 c. `
函数名: getmaxx 
' | U# z% ?2 p7 M `功能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标 1 W7 i" D+ g! B) v4 g2 ]
用法: int far getmaxx(void);
+ l" P. L/ Q( n6 k, N1 A3 J+ M$ j' K/ q程序例: 0 L& i! o% ]* m8 s8 W
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# J% d3 N. e2 s2 O8 u+ O#include <STDLIB.H>
) [" s9 J& X" }. Q#include <STDIO.H>+ W- m! `7 V- K3 b* B) [
#include <CONIO.H>2 `% e: V* f1 ~! `
int main(void)
! ?- J- d. R8 s* ]# X{
6 w! j1 x+ T9 F0 y. A w/* request auto detection */ " r+ I8 E) ]" U6 `, B4 v, Q5 e Y
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 4 H Q1 [" r p% D- P
int midx, midy;
) {# Q! w3 B$ G* h7 ]char xrange[80], yrange[80]; 2 Q2 Y" M! q$ S; _& P
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 8 x6 V" Q0 d" J- h. V% Y, A
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); / o" J9 l6 B$ T4 ]3 \8 g! q
/* read result of initialization */ : ^ H5 ^# q/ r( O
errorcode = graphresult();
% J* r. o- u5 o8 ]if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ . a4 k, w; C! G5 `
{
- @, O1 A4 t* V( y0 nprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . ^5 ?4 T% N9 M4 k: M& I
printf("Press any key to halt:");
7 w' b3 i5 Q5 d% j" ^/ O2 ~getch();
5 I3 T" R8 R0 ~exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . w% [$ i0 O, b
} , G* A4 J& v* }/ T" ]
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
- {- l% I4 Q1 d( w3 m+ t* omidy = getmaxy() / 2; 0 _0 s5 z" Q2 q0 R5 e5 B4 K! V
/* convert max resolution values into strings */
( H$ g+ |5 K* F) A3 J, Z! hsprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx()); ( N' G4 M6 C5 y9 f; @9 i& v5 A0 e5 m
sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
. h' U' w8 w/ h, X6 b4 u( G/* display the information */ 0 @) ^- d" \; h3 B
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 6 }' G, U" f) ~8 F) }" h
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
, A: L. x* S+ Z) Uouttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 
! V, T8 I; q- W G4 ]4 c/* clean up */
6 s) h/ M' L5 vgetch();
! `& ?! v! F0 b- x$ C& vclosegraph(); 3 B* L% q, Z9 w' L) {) w) B% ?
return 0; ) G; c1 ?, l9 Y! z/ L. y9 m( A M9 F
} ; ]. ?4 d$ s* [+ w m
9 C2 a0 _2 z% D+ J" g" J. n- r$ r

/ z# z+ I3 D- K! v: ^函数名: getmaxy 
/ g6 C- w$ u' r$ [功能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标
) [# {3 j5 o/ s8 A& v9 X用法: int far getmaxy(void); $ ~% ]: W) S9 m% F4 K
程序例: 6 Q/ a8 O! O' i6 F2 u
#include <GRAPHICS.H>( K7 y1 ]: z! ~ A% j% e) t
#include <STDLIB.H>
) k" Q; N/ T: U5 D9 |- U& |#include <STDIO.H>7 B1 S+ _5 C) k+ x
#include <CONIO.H>
0 L, r, }' ^1 J1 |9 z" R5 Dint main(void) 3 V+ H, k4 S. P9 D5 ^/ X7 c
{ , A* {9 l; l' U: N+ \/ O. @
/* request auto detection */ % I8 C6 `( J* q( O, U3 P
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
( Q1 S6 ]( Q sint midx, midy;
8 p. b5 O- f# I0 W/ f. e& Nchar xrange[80], yrange[80]; 
! T" s7 o* v. C7 K) v" M" k3 }1 x/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ; b1 ~6 n6 N7 ^; U
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); & i* H7 P! K* l0 a. D
/* read result of initialization */
6 W$ g1 ~% o4 k9 P3 [errorcode = graphresult(); $ x0 |& S2 q9 Q! X% q, H) A) R
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ : L0 i$ X/ K1 o6 e' g
{ / J" Z5 N# e/ ~' t1 }
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ) V6 H& P8 Z, c- _
printf("Press any key to halt:");
( w# i5 R- F: v" O2 ~' c. r8 q- wgetch();
 i* d8 f/ h/ D9 Pexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 3 W$ @. d; k" n2 K: F7 ~
} 
0 E/ A, E* O' |; ^! a# gmidx = getmaxx() / 2; ' ~4 S, ]) w `0 c& J, b! \
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
. W. `" ]/ K! Z5 @4 B+ W/* convert max resolution values into strings */
8 S( U+ e* g& T( g: b* e0 [; D+ K9 _sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx()); 3 T9 C% Y* I8 ^+ Z4 {- w. g
sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 9 h: w6 x! U4 y V/ _; w5 o9 f/ S
/* display the information */ 2 A/ R+ x( J" E# l, L$ ~! H
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
( s( t! {$ D+ q+ i" Couttextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
' @, Q! Y! I: J9 F, o5 F2 Louttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); a- U9 O' w# |1 V' y& s! x
/* clean up */
' C3 x# W5 c: K* h7 W# E: pgetch();
# H, C1 n6 c6 }6 g- {/ R, S7 L Xclosegraph();
9 A: }8 }0 n$ } M2 ?return 0;
9 \: U. I/ l/ h9 x: r} ; j8 K9 a- U; z8 X
" \& C9 D, M( x
函数名: getmodename 
( j3 j: j- H- X0 ?1 ~; C功能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针
$ z, i; Y# m+ V N0 a# E用法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name); 1 q+ L' }0 p( N) k! F
程序例: # o. q6 F; ~+ }4 ?4 ]. k. q+ V
#include <GRAPHICS.H>5 B6 n$ E2 Y7 q. e; f; Y8 G
#include <STDLIB.H>3 U! b2 J$ Z" I' {
#include <STDIO.H>
+ J& e+ n7 ?1 t; S" h: l#include <CONIO.H>
2 a1 i0 |( d# k" X( _/ Jint main(void) ; h1 Z9 n2 o) i# B+ }+ l4 f# }" l2 S
{ * E# O( s) w0 F0 p8 y$ F
/* request autodetection */
0 A2 _1 w7 F4 F( X! Xint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
$ z1 q0 I& @+ b& m" uint midx, midy, mode; & _# ]4 ~. m0 p% r: R+ \& \% Z! b
char numname[80], modename[80]; " Q$ i7 }* G7 ?, S' {( K3 }
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ! s x! e7 I1 G" p! |
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : D8 }3 A8 ?# Q2 L8 i; G) E+ M
/* read result of initialization */
, b9 C# t# b: q- c7 qerrorcode = graphresult();
4 M9 l# ~& Z5 K; Q. yif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
2 ^" ^; R! I) v7 U& \1 o. \' y1 M" \{
* O1 `! H5 k" O( Q6 D- Xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; ^* \2 e" d# p# s: @printf("Press any key to halt:");
( `& i. ^' p! c. J0 I3 Vgetch();
% E' s& q4 n- Y9 e" jexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 Y% l% c, e6 f- n
} 
" _- V7 j( y9 J$ a& Jmidx = getmaxx() / 2; 0 U* `. H- P6 {+ E* |
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
, a; e3 E- q& a9 h0 o# F/ o# X ]0 h/* get mode number and name strings */ 2 K6 q# s8 d' W3 ? j, W' V ^
mode = getgraphmode(); % @3 |8 u7 b6 I. a, v# B
sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode);
) j( }! \) v E. Msprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); $ T: Y# H8 U4 U. w P& d8 c
/* display the information */
8 a3 v, u) P3 ^. bsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); - v. r. ~ _* ~; U6 r4 w
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname); / y8 @$ I+ k$ R# n; N v
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); 
% P) n( r) Y& x* a8 a" D/* clean up */ ( u. ^( ]( B% {1 ^) |
getch();
4 @2 O7 q C7 h% K) k& oclosegraph();
1 D# I$ w1 O3 a" vreturn 0; + i7 m3 Q0 D: }) ^* k! \. s
} 8 O. Z M- A' {1 z( P

5 h# F+ q6 w; o: {
* n# U3 q6 n% U8 o# F3 ]# c" W函数名: getmoderange
! W6 }/ ~7 K4 @" H) D) ]功能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围 8 A. u: N! f9 ^
用法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode, 9 V/ v! N6 y& Z7 w$ v% F# N$ S
int far *himode);
$ x$ w6 P! b8 x' H程序例: 
/ X' M5 ?$ u8 i' u. R% ]# r: T#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- ^7 N7 z6 j7 Q#include <STDLIB.H>
) r2 X, N ^! V& t#include <STDIO.H>$ J `9 e$ y! H2 e# P {2 k8 R
#include <CONIO.H>/ ^) R% z0 l2 j; G! [
int main(void)
3 L3 R: H3 d. n' N2 Z9 i% Z{
4 p( K6 Z# `) C4 ^0 {8 i1 {/* request auto detection */
8 d8 m9 W+ A( G- Zint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
* g6 ]7 n4 U* M% W3 rint midx, midy;
) p, P( k9 I# K4 v8 Y$ ]int low, high; 5 Q' [* z7 \! i6 K3 Y
char mrange[80]; 
! a6 U& `: C% B6 n% Q9 F' g; b/* initialize graphics and local variables */ : i2 M. N1 G. j$ ~' _: H
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
) t5 M7 o# _7 F, s/* read result of initialization */ 8 f. I, A% [( ~9 L) ^; V5 {' i
errorcode = graphresult();
" y d0 c1 o( V' _' g2 g# `if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
3 w. S! e- ~. J) g2 J{
! Q ]$ r m- @. X! a$ Eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. N4 ~2 ~+ H& e7 q2 A- S, \' {4 eprintf("Press any key to halt:");
& D/ C5 N6 q) b1 a* `/ {4 Tgetch();
( l9 T9 X3 e6 H7 C% U) Eexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ' `" `( s7 y8 Y5 q2 O
} 
! r! a$ y4 H2 ^0 zmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
$ }; ?9 Z& T" K( a' I; Dmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
* u; g( p0 G% m/ ]6 P4 {/* get the mode range for this driver */ & R2 g! K4 H+ y6 j0 E {
getmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); 
+ c' M2 M, y* K7 g* n3 H6 M [/* convert mode range info. into strings */ . T! i& ^5 R# h% r) U
sprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); 
* a2 R' _& u1 c* R0 E/* display the information */
7 q8 b; i: ?( }5 w/ ~settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
* Y( W Z' P! |5 iouttextxy(midx, midy, mrange); 8 D' `- N& K& e% p9 H3 V5 \
/* clean up */
, y% v' M( i8 t3 Y3 Vgetch();
# w L1 w, k- @1 ~: pclosegraph(); 6 _1 h1 h7 O" b- W
return 0; 8 [6 y, h3 O9 Y' I p& x3 w! J
} " S: J. R; m- c8 ?: ]
3 X* `+ D9 e4 |9 W, k) M, ~
3 G8 b# J8 `3 m' q1 C' E+ t' J/ B
函数名: getpalette 6 s% d( r# u& x; P! N/ E
功能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息 + K7 H6 Q9 x9 X9 A4 s$ c0 D% d1 G
用法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette); / V% S* x6 A8 N& O& k
程序例: 
! C$ P9 R; I! m+ f; X1 Y#include <GRAPHICS.H>/ a: h" Z/ A- _4 u9 l5 H3 p5 E
#include <STDLIB.H>
& X7 F: {8 T- F9 k0 L' t* u#include <STDIO.H>) R6 ]% v/ P1 B: N/ M6 d' b
#include <CONIO.H>
. H* A0 n7 P8 y6 P; a" H1 Fint main(void) 6 g# e# G" w7 H
{ 6 _, }* x4 N: U# ?! D6 V# f# F1 k
/* request auto detection */ + \- w- f/ c" y/ e. t! q8 I
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
7 |$ x" b2 f& U H# Rstruct palettetype pal;
 L% m. j$ j8 P+ b9 t" ochar psize[80], pval[20]; ; z, O- A$ S- C6 G
int i, ht; # M- O" k9 O& F9 q4 x' L3 p
int y = 10; / ?$ V, r* x3 b' j9 N8 m
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 O& r- W5 w6 H% k7 G0 c/ F7 ]
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 O) l& n2 X$ v# @
/* read result of initialization */ # y; O3 u" V$ S) ~: a$ @0 _
errorcode = graphresult(); % c$ P7 d* J! F$ x4 f, X9 M
/* an error occurred */ 1 N% ]8 G5 T! y0 B( y
if (errorcode != grOk)
) N2 y/ b' ^: |8 |# x, _+ v{ ) W/ L+ A* t. I, X1 _
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", & F5 T9 T! Z/ `$ Z' w0 j1 Z' N/ O5 l
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
3 l! Y" R5 \2 x3 F4 F$ oprintf("Press any key to halt:"); . c" j/ y% ?/ y' K) z
getch();
! C+ Y" {0 Y( ^3 ]/* terminate with an error code */ + \* Y8 i7 e4 E
exit(1);
/ H& B/ p' B2 t4 o} 
# V% a( U( _ h) u0 g: n# v/* grab a copy of the palette */
1 U8 E. Y8 {6 |3 F( ~getpalette(&pal); 
& k4 x0 g- z' F, J) p' m/* convert palette info. into strings */ " E4 t+ T2 E& G3 }: E9 R
sprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \ / V# a8 w4 a. _3 g H, Q; W
modifiable entries.", pal.size); 4 B8 Z* w$ B' J0 X5 x! w' n5 Q
/* display the information */ : G6 F4 M/ T" h* {
outtextxy(0, y, psize);
8 ~* x/ g$ t6 G4 H( Z1 Xif (pal.size != 0) 0 T- ~- h9 u3 [
{ 5 y, Q) E8 _# e
ht = textheight("W"); % ^! A6 h; ?8 E; n) Z
y += 2*ht;
, j6 R) E6 q! [3 R, K: ^( G+ t4 Routtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \ E! m5 H/ s( X* I5 J0 r# x
values:");
% l: r- Q8 t- l3 w% oy += 2*ht; 2 }3 j$ l1 s7 I; z; D& h" e2 C3 }
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
2 q* E7 r! k, M5 q1 t4 csprintf(pval, ; g7 g( K7 d X; q, S" r' c3 j! E
"palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i,
6 H6 \+ j3 u) \1 u, Ipal.colors); ' E; l$ d6 h. _# Z, W8 U
outtextxy(0, y, pval);
9 e+ [5 Q, {. X9 U}
% f% h. |$ x7 D! O: y* m( Z6 D- z} ) C* D8 c3 [) Z1 z0 F: b
/* clean up */
% J2 C3 V1 p% B$ ?+ Kgetch();
) \5 e8 |/ ` {5 E9 v: {2 ^& v4 cclosegraph(); 
' w, l' v2 q) E nreturn 0; : j# h' i0 }8 \5 G
} 4 L/ g- B! Y# Y; F9 G& o

9 c |& T: J- m0 q/ n \5 C函数名: getpass 
4 r1 @. K$ B* Q Q8 ~6 I: }功能: 读一个口令
0 d. {% f4 E& F. @+ V用法: char *getpass(char *prompt);
0 ~3 }! Q' _9 B- c程序例: % w4 l( ~) k8 _! s1 K
#include <CONIO.H>1 n, S' C2 R/ f* b" p, |
int main(void) , ^5 F& r8 l6 ?0 A" u6 n- e# p
{ 6 Y6 {. i7 e% i2 p" V
char *password; 
 M) g' h8 A% N9 E+ D, D; }password = getpass("Input a password:"); 5 E& C- U9 `1 \& c: S
cprintf("The password is: %s\r\n",
, J i4 B0 M( h; }" L, |' @1 Upassword); % [ O4 ]9 A3 q7 [' d
return 0; % @3 f( P0 p7 q: ]2 O
}
/ D Z1 b7 ~# V1 _% X9 t. F9 b% \) v8 U& ^6 q7 s4 [3 e% o+ Q- q

4 y( C& e: w. G/ n5 {$ _2 C
! }/ E2 [# g# L2 e函数名: getpixel 
4 R4 g0 Y+ m V/ o: _9 L1 o功能: 取得指定像素的颜色 - y, [/ }- [2 P" m+ ^
用法: int far getpixel(int x, int y); 7 D1 u' T) f1 X' a
程序例: 
' |* y+ ]/ J+ z [# T* a% u {#include <GRAPHICS.H>- e2 b& }1 y# L/ a, c, i) m
#include <STDLIB.H>+ F9 N) A$ c3 l: k& ^
#include <STDIO.H>4 { n: L U- l* W' `# L. d5 l& U5 G' C
#include <CONIO.H>
 Q3 X4 u# o# j5 Q+ t#include <DOS.H>
4 o5 |) i8 \% w/ T6 g#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000
( J, `9 k$ {0 x#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */ 
' S# ?- I- V" |int main(void)
- i# O! s, \! B9 \: ]: K& G. R{ % L3 D/ S, D# ~5 a( p! J
/* request auto detection */
0 l& h, p5 N! s6 V+ W0 `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
! d" v# O9 @& @! s& Zint i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy,
, _; @6 ?# M# ?' x" R. Y. w% Xmaxcolor, seed; 6 ? e# u% t* S
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
+ {$ r1 E. M- U2 ~5 `initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/ y$ E8 ?9 A |+ h$ D' S4 n2 `0 Y/* read result of initialization */
3 |: [0 N, S) n' eerrorcode = graphresult(); , M K& N2 a3 |. m7 ?8 ^
/* an error occurred */ ' U. z. [: a) S5 A) ]% [1 Z
if (errorcode != grOk) " R. D+ X+ C6 d9 u& ?
{
% y( [0 n K- H$ r( h- M0 Xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", x+ a# z3 O3 O8 q' t
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
# F1 s( f! x# a6 d4 S/ M& c; Lprintf("Press any key to halt:"); # _* b7 S- p$ B& G5 E
getch(); 9 _6 r) J4 }+ w. M p
/* terminate with an error code */ 2 B. u3 [' i% S# V+ p( k
exit(1); $ [& r2 h' g+ c; P; v# H% T
} 
& b" E% \9 r7 fmaxx = getmaxx() + 1; ) i, _$ a! d9 D8 U9 b; k
maxy = getmaxy() + 1; 3 O# `$ t I/ I9 a8 q
maxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; 
9 m- x: e8 D' v* Twhile (!kbhit())
 E- @& b' X) Z1 s3 d0 e+ B{
2 Q6 k: m0 B: V/* seed the random number generator */ 1 | g" e& q8 J0 K" q7 s2 g
seed = random(32767);
5 q: x6 B; N: _, ]& rsrand(seed);
1 m: P7 {% H# J6 [7 vfor (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
% ~1 Y; n# q$ J& Wx = random(maxx);
* U: D( a, m8 g" M5 |$ k% ky = random(maxy); # C+ M w' o3 R1 ^) q( N- ^8 H
color = random(maxcolor);
: p w. Z( M; {) K$ F- cputpixel(x, y, color); 0 Y* p/ U& Z6 Q3 p( i y
} 
1 S! Y; C0 E3 }9 zdelay(DELAY_TIME); * C) J% L8 q1 z$ `! ~
srand(seed); , Y3 p1 H/ |1 H$ w
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; { / V9 D8 R7 i9 N2 w$ _" i, K. \
x = random(maxx); $ L; ]6 R4 }4 N6 j& v- y
y = random(maxy); / j1 P! ~# }6 x0 |4 v6 H# b3 f6 n
color = random(maxcolor);
7 }- ?! B$ x. n0 Z0 z4 f5 }& pif (color == getpixel) 8 j+ l, L! X5 I/ e* R& U& a
函数名: gets
4 e% R8 u9 d) X6 ]2 l3 p) T功能: 从流中取一字符串
" K: I2 O7 B1 ]* {3 z `用法: char *gets(char *string);
* \8 f' `! c& N程序例: 
8 x) D* L- q* p; r' H+ E#include <STDIO.H>3 q3 R3 S: I3 t! \8 n- n5 A
int main(void) + V& A0 _& h0 d8 D, f
{ 5 Z3 g0 \+ Y/ D. g+ b
char string[80]; 
0 q f7 C. L. j c. U5 B mprintf("Input a string:");
2 k3 m1 A" e m$ F9 l) jgets(string);
/ _* M, o+ j4 _8 }2 J- j( ~- vprintf("The string input was: %s\n", # _3 t4 }* j( ^9 W$ |( i' V
string);
# A; H1 \/ V4 `7 {1 @9 m/ y, breturn 0;
8 y/ ], j2 s k" y' u* Y4 J} : e& m q. T, s( q; c

! ^+ U5 O. S1 P6 m2 b4 P0 ]7 k' `7 c0 I% }% r P
函数名: gettext 
- N' j/ L5 M/ R7 W+ z* G2 O功能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区 ' {! C) s8 u6 I; ]6 C
用法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin); 4 F+ |3 A. v1 H1 O/ r) Q
程序例: ) k) H. f( t* x5 l( w' [
#include <CONIO.H>
& d! _# G, g: ~( Gchar buffer[4096]; & w: b2 Z2 q; N9 _8 G" f
int main(void) : v( n3 ]& T# T' C% I# Q* X' k* I
{
int i;
 [0 f8 l/ `* X1 @7 g8 B2 h4 B8 U* Hclrscr(); ) j& [( q9 p! _: g+ d" x G9 X2 q
for (i = 0; i <= 20; i++) ) T" | n% e( I5 k# C
cprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i);
# X; z5 N! e+ @9 m% o. x, \gettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
) t- n) m& n+ o( e9 Bgotoxy(1, 25); 3 n% S# f2 a5 M. D" @7 N4 Y! E: y
cprintf("Press any key to clear screen...");
) |6 S s% E7 ogetch(); 6 ^& M- H/ t( O8 l9 ^/ T) j1 P
clrscr(); 5 f' l8 H! s" _8 ^9 `$ I8 @% P
gotoxy(1, 25);
+ U" S" B$ t. q) Q# l6 Y% xcprintf("Press any key to restore screen...");
+ S4 R3 q4 V4 K3 i5 j0 u6 bgetch();
: R1 u3 W' o( ? C7 `5 p- @puttext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
" U# X: [* a% ~6 `8 z" Ogotoxy(1, 25); 9 ~- O0 n. |3 r2 ?; o% x2 ?
cprintf("Press any key to quit..."); : y( s6 ^+ e- C; J/ E# z
getch();
- H% F4 n# e: {3 }- t5 d7 ^return 0; - x/ U3 E1 F) d
}
 z" P7 V& x' R q
, Q) A) T5 t- Y$ u6 \ j" `4 D) e2 C1 b/ c9 m1 E: Z
函数名: gettextinfo ) x/ L0 P3 X* P
功能: 取得文本模式的显示信息
+ Q+ T+ `. Z1 \% T [. H1 A用法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec);
# [! x2 e5 q3 D: u( l程序例: 
9 ?. d8 E) p; `' a& H#include <CONIO.H>
" G! B( q& T' q/ Aint main(void)
8 D& w& u4 e1 Y{
9 j% l# ?) A' S+ I2 P' y+ V+ g- Estruct text_info ti; 3 W6 @3 T+ g( \# C
gettextinfo(&ti); 0 d" v! R2 g' x3 b
cprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft); + I9 U& h9 E9 V& _" f! r
cprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop);
6 W$ J& h# e- y0 G5 l3 J4 ~cprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright);
6 R Q5 P3 a1 t0 Q, qcprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom); % e: y- ]* @9 q
cprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute);
7 T3 T4 k$ y" ]* Y( ^' H5 E. h1 Wcprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr); % j* r0 N) Q; j/ D& h+ T. t3 M
cprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode);
& L q( Z3 [% `cprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight); 5 _1 g8 \3 P: x
cprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth);
! q$ x6 \ @3 u$ {, e' Icprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx);
, N$ V. H1 b' G5 F: Scprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury);
* T, Q2 g" }- P) x S8 W6 Wreturn 0;
. ] G# D2 C. Y- A! c& Q: \} : Q0 [3 |8 p1 I5 E: _8 e! J
, m1 n; j2 H+ \
' K. y1 `. K2 ~; ~# P; H" @
函数名: gettextsettings 0 A% S* j: g8 t; l; A7 v5 j4 {
功能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息 6 Y/ O: s+ X. F& d, Z
用法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo); ( }" u- b% H5 [9 g
程序例: 
9 N/ W$ f: T, X/ ?) V1 ~5 c2 i' W" G#include <GRAPHICS.H>
; k; x0 R' C) z* ~: w0 ]* b& z#include <STDLIB.H>
& M- j8 x- q4 i1 }" d#include <STDIO.H>
# w* s0 m9 R L% E. h#include <CONIO.H>- q8 j* ~, r7 C5 W
/* the names of the fonts supported */ 5 r7 @% x2 v5 q$ A. L( n# @/ o% s7 Z
char *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT", % S- s* }# i m
"TRIPLEX_FONT",
3 J' ^$ M9 A+ R; D"SMALL_FONT",
1 Q+ }4 u; g% D8 p, ]4 c' I"SANS_SERIF_FONT", 6 ^" W" l8 A6 u/ h! o1 Q% O, V; K
"GOTHIC_FONT" , u' H0 A( [4 D0 l2 d, X
}; 
* x6 C. R: ?+ t7 \- \# x" Q7 @2 h: |/* the names of the text directions supported */
- A5 T( m$ z: s7 m' i. Schar *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" }; 
3 l5 b/ I" y; \: R/* horizontal text justifications supported */
$ g& A0 T* L/ Z- S* {8 f achar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" }; 
- }8 j! {$ C8 x0 m) V6 v8 J/* vertical text justifications supported */ ! X$ z! r. t, }2 `5 k' S. f& o
char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" }; $ n* Z; g) L2 z O; l6 a2 U
int main(void)
" l, N* V o+ J0 y0 E2 _{
4 d% f& N& l# J) M/* request auto detection */
! D- v, E8 C* g; v" Z. ]int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
& V! k, `- c2 Y$ g! @4 fstruct textsettingstype textinfo; - w" R- ?! u, z6 \& L7 R4 X
int midx, midy, ht; ( _ E6 b9 F! w6 o) Z& |
char fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80];
, K- n9 a0 k$ j* V/ D7 W( bchar hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; 
0 v* V( J! ~0 p3 C/* initialize graphics and local variables */
0 Y9 x, \( s) R! Z: p4 kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , D3 Z/ a) A: H% w' o- Z' f* k
/* read result of initialization */
& x {9 u% x& S+ E8 A; X# g7 cerrorcode = graphresult(); , F( T1 m1 K. t1 S
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * r! c4 o6 l! K8 v
{
 V9 O, \$ C2 \0 r2 ^printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
" K3 K* A2 |% u2 |: C: l" kprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 5 N/ L" P) e, l. M9 n
getch();
* {/ T3 j: E4 _9 f8 ^exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % z7 d5 n" s5 [+ L# ^2 P
} 
 F# v7 M: N2 f6 P; z8 m9 Jmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
1 k% A. z( D, {8 bmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
1 m5 l/ {& h6 |) F) `$ A/* get information about current text settings */ ) L- V% k( `; K( G) ~* ~; R C+ r
gettextsettings(&textinfo); 
2 M- W( s, r2 E0 J I" ~! o1 x/* convert text information into strings */ 1 P6 [ x! J" P4 c9 B* j
sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]);
! K- @$ ?; ` ?4 hsprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]);
3 H1 J u* D5 Tsprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize);
2 U: ^3 r' C6 gsprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.",
/ I" B! Z2 ]. M5 i2 nhjust[textinfo.horiz]); N! a* J! r! ^, U( V( H
sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.", 4 F( T: z' x" l8 C2 l# M" F# f
vjust[textinfo.vert]); * Q, k5 m, r9 r& N
/* display the information */ 9 S" i( X! ^+ f/ U( } W
ht = textheight("W");
. `# i! e4 R) g l0 U x; \/ |settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
) Q2 }" [. a5 u) h9 ?7 Q6 touttextxy(midx, midy, fontstr);
2 }, J, ?, f0 |outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr);
6 S; c( d4 V& B9 U+ Louttextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr); # ~0 I* u- |4 O3 N2 l: {
outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr);
# c; m& p/ C& J1 W5 Xouttextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); + B+ z+ C$ ] H! q% r/ O7 p9 _) E. P6 i
/* clean up */
 k; Q( z# c* t# m( Jgetch(); - S/ m5 E0 w* P% D1 W
closegraph(); 3 M( r9 k$ f/ F! [5 F2 J0 D6 m
return 0;
- { n5 F) B) u% I6 |* A- [} 7 P9 H0 [# \) U7 b( e
! j! D8 a# V M9 x
函数名: gettime ; p& ]/ Q' L' h" K. x$ {' B; r
功能: 取得系统时间 # R$ Z& s3 B. ~6 f
用法: void gettime(struct time *timep); ) E8 M: D- S# F6 h2 N- H
程序例: $ |! X7 {7 \' Z7 x8 F$ R" p
#include <STDIO.H>
3 P# t* r! J% N$ B* V8 h#include <DOS.H>$ B8 P$ I. S, U% z& k8 j
int main(void)
. c, S1 r) K2 y; W{ : \) A0 u! H) @$ M) d
struct time t; ; g6 c2 x0 Z% g# [6 N& y
gettime(&t); 2 s1 `7 H3 n4 I5 M7 j' Z1 S# j; w
printf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", ! t* v0 s8 l- y. Z
t.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund); & q" g* H& \+ Y# S: x* S
return 0; , k% U6 _* S. ]7 R3 {7 ^' C9 t
} " A% `: |+ H$ e' J ]
# }& {9 ~0 e$ R
6 V) R; P$ ^) P& ?

: R9 }& _: i8 j) J3 z! @5 e' s函数名: getvect 
0 V8 [/ p0 W$ b4 | w" a功能: 取得中断向量入口 5 v- J" Q1 d, \+ v) r+ L# c
用法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num)); , C* Q6 J- a! s
程序例: 
+ y1 j( L' k$ L) e, K#include <STDIO.H>+ S4 M, i1 I. _4 h1 t: {
#include <DOS.H>
! r0 L/ }- g- u1 D8 avoid interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */ ) D' n) v" x& \% w5 Z+ Y+ G
void interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */
% i. G( c2 @" R3 F0 K6 d5 Bint looping = 1; 
1 A3 j8 C2 F$ o. rint main(void)
 @: w' |- P X$ A: s{ + A' j. U& D+ n6 U
puts("Press <SHIFT><PRT Sc>to terminate"); 
% A, a, g4 [9 q& S/* save the old interrupt */ / [; o* E# i6 Z
oldfunc = getvect(5); 
$ z$ ]6 J% T$ D, k) `/* install interrupt handler */ 4 s8 x5 A4 t+ ~3 w
setvect(5,get_out); . m% `& P# N7 Y3 H9 v H6 V& x" S) n
/* do nothing */
% m, k% M$ C l6 C) Y, h$ P* hwhile (looping); 
0 U' u0 n' g# ]! ~/* restore to original interrupt routine */ % q# s) U' E* F% d7 _2 ]# J, R
setvect(5,oldfunc); 2 ^! U) g4 r6 T2 r' {5 z
puts("Success"); ! C* F) O, \- i5 s. H7 v8 u
return 0; 2 p9 z- Y5 [) L2 q1 V0 A9 y
}
 x* S. M5 t9 N: G( bvoid interrupt get_out()
- P6 A1 F+ F6 o1 }) Y8 x{ - a1 u' F& J8 j) U0 k# \* v: X
looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */
 S4 f% [/ P# a3 c- n} 9 ~3 N/ y$ T* d [0 @

2 L3 }; S5 `$ R" f( e9 q9 A4 Y+ ~$ r/ \# q6 W
函数名: getverify 8 R' U: W& }- ?0 l0 x1 a
功能: 返回DOS校验标志状态 . v7 [ G$ @) n! P" J
用法: int getverify(void); $ j% H0 |! c( u0 r
程序例: 
" ^ z! L r6 M% R4 y$ e( V8 l#include <STDIO.H>! e& s, {% ]1 a( f
#include <DOS.H>
" P2 O3 o" a: Tint main(void) : C/ y5 @$ F1 e; V4 O% y
{
3 t; b' v0 R i* L! ]. rif (getverify()) ; ]9 c) M3 N7 z" I' o2 W6 M( X
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); 9 t% V+ Z% k1 `0 n/ d
else
3 h+ t' E% i7 d& \$ ~- z+ e, Iprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 2 R n5 \& U' B/ p7 D/ s3 t
return 0; ! v8 Z& N, u7 ~/ Q0 z
}
9 w4 n8 e& ]# P; _+ _, O9 V
, T# L9 E$ `, ~5 W函数名: getviewsetting ( z' n. s3 _/ p8 ^1 A
功能: 返回有关当前视区的信息 & g% d# Z( t3 A& @. Q- i
用法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport); 0 G5 S1 q$ L7 U2 J9 d0 e) w5 h' p* r# K
程序例: 
" C) ^* |" C: c6 _0 l" W* E- f#include <GRAPHICS.H>
8 l- \: P6 x. s$ \: }#include <STDLIB.H>% V5 y3 q! @$ [! D+ l+ m) c
#include <STDIO.H>
3 z" O% w* i F0 E: H! {#include <CONIO.H>
7 ?; o! t6 x3 ochar *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" }; 
& E; ]" |4 a. S# _1 f. dint main(void)
8 |0 C- t/ W# ~9 Y{ 9 M9 G0 T2 b/ P
/* request auto detection */
% z6 X2 }/ v6 a: E: K* M8 m+ Yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
9 J/ }9 S7 L0 ?struct viewporttype viewinfo; ; F$ o3 _+ y- O- l% ^* t
int midx, midy, ht; ; Q% Z' j3 _9 D8 ]. X4 Z
char topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; 
7 f9 n/ v$ b% ]* H. v4 U, `/* initialize graphics and local variables */ & G, _2 ]6 |6 W7 a) j
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); % g4 m# z+ W! e( p% q6 ^
/* read result of initialization */
0 D8 A0 ^; z1 Qerrorcode = graphresult(); C) F3 l9 N- m2 Z4 V! F7 }
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
! D% L0 d' Z8 `0 c/ ~3 n{ 9 U. e" G: B2 _7 I1 q2 k. Q
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 @( d- k% D$ \' ]! a' B/ B1 K7 Cprintf("Press any key to halt:"); : t8 ^2 y- V( {5 |/ S& X7 X0 T3 G$ q
getch();
& \7 o) \/ v4 I- [4 s$ Sexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 2 H( |7 ^* K5 @
} , n& u$ j) `* Q3 Z( S/ f
midx = getmaxx() / 2; $ _) W Y! h0 |& k
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 8 W9 k, M/ ~; V! I: D ]
/* get information about current viewport */ 3 o/ N0 Y8 t9 f+ X& X0 w# e5 O. z
getviewsettings(&viewinfo); 5 ?+ Z0 I ^2 P! }8 V
/* convert text information into strings */
+ T) O C7 x) S+ G0 f1 Y2 |sprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", 3 J3 Z+ Q. d* @
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top);
, f$ [$ ^ u9 K; x6 P8 [; r' S0 Msprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.",
( r) ~3 G( g( |: vviewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom); & _$ U& v8 Q6 f/ ^
sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); 
' _8 r" S2 \ \+ S/* display the information */ . w2 V* I5 R: z3 y9 I% |9 d
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
( L6 h# L' w+ S: Y) E$ |0 v# S) x* _ht = textheight("W"); 0 V* k3 @) ]- ~ R. C0 [3 l) N
outtextxy(midx, midy, topstr); & v( u& n, x) d
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr); 0 j, _3 i# h8 Z' ?
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); 6 q1 h2 X# h; [, _% l: F) f2 D
/* clean up */ & k, X% W4 m. _/ I0 `
getch(); ! {" M7 S+ m3 A: F& \% }
closegraph(); # z' U5 g% f3 s) u0 y4 v6 k# r
return 0;
3 o1 }7 K7 A1 X( u# }: p} 
1 G! r1 f+ t) Q9 U6 e) v/ ^$ @, n8 R" `: O8 o& v$ v

; H! L2 m9 f8 {/ i/ o. \函数名: getw 
$ F# \) P1 r9 P' B5 U- V功能: 从流中取一整数 ) e+ h" S- F0 V7 t
用法: int getw(FILE *strem);
; N* T1 A1 t6 C4 \程序例: 
, a1 ?* v2 `9 {& I. }#include <STDIO.H>
; q' _% E, p( ~6 l#include <STDLIB.H>4 c* _# H3 _! A: {# s# T
#define FNAME "test.$$$" 7 A- \* c$ t1 V( ~1 R
int main(void)
$ k w, Y: J; c% u- t5 ?" k{ T# ~' x, h! O5 ?( k3 O
FILE *fp;
! }! a8 B. m [! d* ~% fint word; 
4 L+ N( V0 T( K. ~. G: |/* place the word in a file */ : [% r) h, y* C/ d
fp = fopen(FNAME, "wb");
5 z" w8 k e. `3 J3 ^; k+ t" Aif (fp == NULL) + o7 ]1 m! a/ G( K
{
6 m! G' G) B3 kprintf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME);
* F: L9 R6 u9 A1 m( cexit(1);
0 v7 W2 h" V3 \8 O} : p1 O' |" k; L
word = 94; 8 Z+ n8 z4 G+ z5 K' v
putw(word,fp); : b1 Z1 }$ K- t: E
if (ferror(fp)) ; q6 L d F6 C& n, L& n
printf("Error writing to file\n"); " n: u9 S4 s" x7 s$ V
else
4 [0 \" b4 y8 |- \; ?0 W, w/ Zprintf("Successful write\n");
7 [. z; t# ?5 L1 t4 F% @1 Efclose(fp); 7 G8 l* T8 x2 u: ?
/* reopen the file */ 5 `0 W d* W+ a* W5 Y
fp = fopen(FNAME, "rb");
- B5 G; d: y8 I5 z6 _if (fp == NULL) $ O' b2 g: F% r9 p! c
{
" ], m5 x5 j! }printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); 5 s$ T2 n ]) X% N- ?9 d
exit(1);
- p* w0 a' z8 U} 7 K3 M: Z# V; r( V" l, F
/* extract the word */ / [4 Y! H2 }4 Z0 k0 V, N5 k
word = getw(fp);
% O- }" }; z- m# L# b7 @if (ferror(fp))
# r1 Z" B8 ]- w" C) X! |printf("Error reading file\n");
# i3 P# B* u& G H$ Gelse
 p% j# u6 \ W+ F( A; gprintf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); ! [& E/ s5 X* b( O7 R
/* clean up */
 I7 Y* \# q: Z4 W- N5 Kfclose(fp); ( g. d" A" [* k. E ]
unlink(FNAME); ( t! W" f" }, e4 y; {/ P0 q' b/ x( U
return 0; 3 O# w5 u1 Q7 ~4 N2 J) M- S
} ) ^! w. |% Z: D3 R' ]% i3 t
) `0 Z4 @, k, E$ [, f5 [5 A' `2 C3 @

! e$ g% {- j$ y5 ]1 F6 K5 ]9 _& A4 u/ e( j v
函数名: getx 
3 C" w3 z2 J k# {功能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标 * ^+ J s) Y0 q6 s4 b4 ]. u
用法: int far getx(void); - I1 U1 n/ ]6 W! C+ `3 z( W T
程序例: 
; E0 R. d5 k6 [6 A/ @% B+ X) Y#include <GRAPHICS.H>
7 u- f. F$ \ K4 N" m#include <STDLIB.H>
0 e0 \% k3 g) s" T& v#include <STDIO.H>
# A* o4 b6 p/ w1 j+ ]* _#include <CONIO.H>
0 d1 [; V2 C! _7 t" Qint main(void)
% W# [$ r' A7 U% N+ G9 _1 X{ , _! N2 M6 Y2 f0 a. b
/* request auto detection */
1 R# l( v$ ~3 R3 V M Yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 1 t2 i0 X! g: |1 W
char msg[80]; $ u+ q# |# s2 B4 q( S# D8 K1 C' n
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, U' u8 W/ {% ginitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
( c. a. ], t' [3 A3 r* U/* read result of initialization */
: i A" g3 n) O6 ?: @: Zerrorcode = graphresult();
- k. Q5 i$ n3 _, ?3 b- Hif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 3 ^! `4 W7 A' ]: K/ B$ E5 H
{ 5 }; U, o: y) L7 S1 @8 h* T
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 9 _0 E8 F. G" G+ F& X1 u
printf("Press any key to halt:");
: A4 Q. h% V( U% H, |2 Zgetch();
; L+ ]3 ]$ N# B% U0 z" @exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
7 _$ B" Q! h0 E' v2 j} 
8 \$ ^4 D, R& W; j. g/* move to the screen center point */ ; e6 f) X, U* f) w, z5 A. N+ G
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); ' v& o; }: B& W, p
/* create a message string */
( N9 J4 W, y- x, r+ k; B. Hsprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); $ s5 q) n* O! z" m* Y
/* display the message */ " l# ^3 N3 s" H7 Y# W& Q
outtext(msg); ) L/ i, n( G+ w( f' d0 {5 R
/* clean up */
" c% D) v7 H& @. j/ L9 rgetch();
- J7 R, Z' v( _5 \/ Zclosegraph();
8 z. W3 H: u+ z; P" P0 ?" \return 0;
: I% r% b# N+ e/ H, n& x$ q} 
9 `# ~- z& d$ y2 B: Q8 g4 o9 t) P7 D3 ^8 ]4 c& U' J7 n5 f
3 W$ [ `: Z6 z6 V4 ~
函数名: gety 
, e$ ^) h5 X8 h4 f" k! z功能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标
! p7 s, m" `9 E% |8 w+ f4 O* _$ y用法: int far gety(void);
- ~( z) M6 U- O. X& J* o' z) N2 I程序例: 
" s: H/ H) u2 g& A) L#include <GRAPHICS.H>
" _. o% T0 V5 c, b' I: f#include <STDLIB.H>
3 S2 r- F6 N) y% @) {" [% b0 x) x#include <STDIO.H>
# D7 u9 ?# ~8 L/ E! j' j6 x: @#include <CONIO.H>
8 {; u4 S8 u% a( D" T0 v; K& S! Nint main(void)
, B* s; I* ?, _6 i! N; M% c9 b& J* O{ 4 O- N, b! X+ n9 ^
/* request auto detection */ 4 C$ m x) @: e7 H/ p/ |3 Q
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
7 X- I3 l0 p& K% Xchar msg[80]; 
- @2 O7 v# o2 d0 |6 X" I1 B/* initialize graphics and local variables */
# S" ^9 H% Z) f) V |, Q% Sinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 z% f* r: b5 ?7 k/ V9 {# ~9 m
/* read result of initialization */
. h1 ~1 K& A( T6 O" I" j6 xerrorcode = graphresult();
, U' R ]- \ V5 K( G; L% Vif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- ~7 G u% w- ^9 p: A; j{ 3 ?5 y: e6 C! d1 j; k# I
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 Z. ]* Y1 \/ ?4 i0 b: Aprintf("Press any key to halt:"); * p0 Q% w7 f; V( A1 Q, x& A
getch();
; T" t' t$ D" Gexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ e+ E" k$ M* K' V% `/ [/ c} ( J6 y+ c$ `9 N2 m
/* move to the screen center point */ ' K9 T& k6 ]. _# ?6 q
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 2 H8 }& ~- ?, W6 F" z
/* create a message string */
/ k1 V t" Q# O: r+ esprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 
* k- o( w: [# r& l" H/* display the message */ 7 P2 T0 U1 A/ u- Y; K
outtext(msg); , s; @8 y6 X# C7 v
/* clean up */
8 U+ l6 w8 j5 X9 B( f+ ?getch(); # d% A+ ?+ t. {% b' N6 {: `* H" Q2 I
closegraph(); 1 y( y. A6 [9 S, _; m# Y
return 0; 7 x+ Y, e# I# f7 Y3 N
} 
( @. ^8 a$ m7 e7 w0 f
/ W; n+ x$ U& q' H! `4 `+ E5 |' C6 q4 V
函数名: gmtime " U1 n, o& ~+ {/ Y1 ?8 s2 u
功能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT)
: l) O9 @; r( c用法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock); 3 y4 X0 `! \: V6 [ z8 @: H/ @9 c
程序例: $ j& d, y% s# l- n; w
#include <STDIO.H>
- u8 t% H: E, w! U% Z#include <STDLIB.H>
* G$ G' l4 \% `3 Z# d" e#include <TIME.H>
& R$ C% b) S. W2 B#include <DOS.H>
; ?) a j% G) V1 V/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */ 4 `0 v, z3 ^- Z, ?3 S+ V, R9 e! ?
char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; " W2 q0 Z( a9 q$ g4 v. R
int main(void)
' N; q! D8 z+ } o: N6 k{
' G% U# ^+ ?% }0 dtime_t t; 3 {+ C" }4 j5 v: j' N
struct tm *gmt, *area; 
& M3 T4 r# m+ wputenv(tzstr);
) [% j. o8 \5 n. \5 c& L3 w2 ` J2 Wtzset(); 3 q. I J. l5 y4 P1 `( I
t = time(NULL);
 L& D' \. ~1 ~; Z) J/ uarea = localtime(&t); ( W; V, |( h5 u% E5 Z
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); & ]+ N$ b Q# K; H5 S
gmt = gmtime(&t);
0 {2 h/ W! ~ E! p9 L- L* z- \printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt));
9 c4 u4 M8 c; @- |( M+ L5 Ereturn 0; ' ~8 [8 X5 _! ]. g0 ^/ _5 o- S* r
} 9 {' a7 y H0 l6 \
5 ?- y- o5 R/ M/ n" |9 m
" H, o) ]) n7 m6 l3 O: E
函数名: gotoxy " n8 i p) }6 t9 d* c
功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
/ d) m; K T; c* N2 W用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
+ ^3 x# U2 f1 A7 [" U: d. ^6 C程序例: 
) Y( A$ B8 c r! i& Q: Q# ~5 N# [#include <CONIO.H>
/ s) i( _8 T9 {3 u: d# sint main(void)
/ W3 F) M( |! H: P, O) A{ * M3 y" z0 C$ E
clrscr(); 6 c) w6 ?% v }. [
gotoxy(35, 12); $ X0 N& y$ H& K1 U; y
cprintf("Hello world");
 r' U! M0 X9 e% x9 Ngetch();
1 B9 D+ Y" |) q4 z8 M: G C2 T$ creturn 0;
) |3 b8 B" q; E# ]' f0 }% I0 _} ; S( v. y! e% R" c- z- V0 r. ?
+ ~$ N5 [) l0 a
8 F0 _* Y, S9 R7 Z+ D% n
函数名: gotoxy 
& t( R1 B$ a. n, R7 B功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标 , g# w& l3 A$ s5 {9 O( i: Y/ T2 ~* i
用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
$ j+ C. w: c9 D' F7 c7 l程序例: 
& U# D7 N$ _' i3 j8 l6 Z) f#include <CONIO.H>. ?& j. ]3 y6 s" h! A) r
int main(void)
! D2 ^8 X* T; i5 m0 J$ I{ - d7 y* s3 ^7 G- r# E$ d& S
clrscr();
 P+ W6 J, K5 K" H }gotoxy(35, 12); % V T7 Y' Y- r' A. S/ G: Q
cprintf("Hello world");
4 v. J& m9 b+ f9 {" Ogetch();
6 d' M& o0 e7 t' \return 0;
. t6 ^4 @* Z0 i( _} " H, I) J# V9 a6 P9 Z
/ U, d* s% G# H! z4 S, l% z
0 f+ o) Q% i: M6 U' e3 Y
函数名: graphdefaults 0 v9 L5 D* o% G+ X4 w; R
功能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值
# j: ~0 y* U0 w# ^( [ z用法: void far graphdefaults(void); ; j& ?9 S+ k6 R5 g: U
程序例: , Y9 T6 t. F8 m$ }0 y
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
/ I2 k$ K) ?. r% j#include <STDLIB.H>
! I- ^% {7 i; O* L; u#include <STDIO.H>! ]! V7 c5 d8 S( f! N& |3 E! u# g
#include <CONIO.H>9 p b5 h+ x( J
int main(void) 0 L9 T4 I; k& S4 l7 R
{ 5 ]+ q/ d7 T) Z# J
/* request auto detection */
1 `0 ^& B. d4 v# M7 ]- d7 oint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 0 D; W" J) H+ M5 K( u, N) ^+ ~: y
int maxx, maxy; ) F$ k# r! m; l1 v4 n- D" R! z
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
; a6 A i9 C) u: k3 Yinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); 
4 E1 i! C" S5 ~8 v2 b/* read result of initialization */
# `1 Z2 J8 p. u# r1 [* _* _' r8 Derrorcode = graphresult();
* P }7 l, Q) F, d: b7 p7 K9 p$ Xif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 7 o7 E$ x/ @8 n1 o* t1 K
{
) `( [8 O7 s& M# N1 G; s1 tprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); & Y% V' P4 C) K! K& t% s' s) y
printf("Press any key to halt:");
1 Q! U, b' p% @getch(); 6 u& d; l% f( x- j! A/ O
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ' Q9 \* h; W, i; {
} 
! h( m' G- w0 i5 mmaxx = getmaxx();
# H4 d/ E; M- H( _# F) {maxy = getmaxy(); ; _' m+ _& |% t! P/ L
/* output line with non-default settings */ ; b6 \9 k. F s
setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3); 1 \* X2 F" K4 ]
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); . ^5 \; X+ x) N7 `) q" X
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored.");
! v, s% _1 U! Egetch(); " W/ K$ W1 g0 n
/* restore default values for everything */
; u2 S4 J% {# e6 n6 @8 h1 h) A) |graphdefaults(); 
& X7 Q% Y& s3 \/ t! A/* clear the screen */
4 \2 A4 q" D/ L) m' c8 scleardevice(); % P" G: k7 ~; b$ w4 b0 K! y* N9 J8 p
/* output line with default settings */
3 v, M$ {9 Y; o: |line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); . d, Q5 X+ s% Z* x7 w
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); 5 ]2 l: j/ p' y
/* clean up */
! S# Q) G8 `! V# ?2 G9 ~7 s5 s3 Vgetch(); 8 ]: p9 y: V/ ~7 O S% c
closegraph(); . _ ?- N( [. D! G6 q
return 0; 0 `! W* E) J* x9 d# b# V+ G
}
" W( D2 @ f% I* |5 N) f ^# s2 g. y, [3 x* V2 t
' A- P, k0 j) U( p& n. x; N
函数名: grapherrormsg - ^; f" ?& Y7 i8 J0 {7 [
功能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针 8 g, ]# ^# s" Y/ |
用法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode); # b& _6 Y" d& S) f, }) ?
程序例: 
( R* x" @$ ~" ?! P#include <GRAPHICS.H>
) @$ Q: O9 B2 J+ j#include <STDLIB.H>% B' B4 @0 a4 u: L1 F! Q
#include <STDIO.H>9 f; g& d5 d0 b) j" j5 V3 z
#include <CONIO.H>
* ^9 M% P! x" }, G#define NONSENSE -50 ' b- |2 p, { B' C- G! U
int main(void)
% C' `5 k7 d1 N{
6 a, @; q' {8 O9 k% G, W) f/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */ 8 ~; }; `: U9 |+ }
int gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; 9 t/ b0 {# j' P, b
/* initialize graphics mode */ 6 v0 q4 s9 t6 z4 ?/ U6 G5 `% K
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 l- J b* \6 O2 r" j
/* read result of initialization */ 8 X- ]6 r6 M. ~* x
errorcode = graphresult(); 
6 k4 Q {2 n4 g' _% I! F/* if an error occurred, then output a */
2 z# a+ A: H7 r5 s. h4 y1 ^9 P; ~/* descriptive error message. */
9 ?* S) I. n% Q' ?. rif (errorcode != grOk) 4 `/ d5 F& i- D; K N P/ m# n3 w
{ 0 T/ _* r$ }; d
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); # w# `' Y/ X3 Q
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ' }. @) n% D; b, r- m+ g, R/ _ |) ?6 d
getch(); ( h0 ]( @' v) c3 u4 v
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) t9 S3 y+ a/ K& l6 @2 I1 S2 E, o3 l
} 
" T* \7 _/ u7 s: X e/* draw a line */
! s- P0 y0 p1 E- u' rline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
( S( ~9 X* v( ^2 E/* clean up */ 5 C z1 W2 X3 h9 t6 v8 O! V
getch(); 7 K' G, i3 _$ \
closegraph(); 0 `3 s8 e5 I ]# M, m$ l
return 0; 7 R: N. m. ]" D \ z/ z- o7 J2 l
}
. `. \; w' {; s% A* T9 J0 z
& j/ R' G; @2 q% T! o# x) ^
9 B- Q6 l+ i+ a5 X9 c; f函数名: graphresult 
7 _2 M$ T4 d" F5 Q* i: w: y: E功能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码 ; U6 g: h {3 e' P
用法: int far graphresult(void);
9 k- g% n( y: M1 _4 z( D+ X程序例: 7 d( R' U% l& d8 _# @9 f
#include <GRAPHICS.H>' G8 d7 ^* K. g) [
#include <STDLIB.H># D4 C6 J3 {' L. L" z
#include <STDIO.H>5 e) e o4 W1 i! V
#include <CONIO.H>
2 }$ q# U) L2 P2 e m* s0 gint main(void) ; j" W, `" P. b+ @5 @/ C: M
{
9 }) @) J6 q( J' V* {- _ H/* request auto detection */
4 c4 l4 w% B/ {+ r/ @int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 0 K w2 v- @3 ?
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ' p6 Y) P5 G+ z h
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! D" P+ t& X! W1 F7 c/ ?, A6 f/* read result of initialization */
, R) P% Y; x$ ?& H# Nerrorcode = graphresult(); 
* [9 H* w3 H, j, A$ f! Pif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * t3 c5 q2 W: r3 X8 ~6 w) J9 N
{ ; I! B8 L* x O' d2 i" b
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 9 t# V& L% Q6 T% W
printf("Press any key to halt:");
; j( m7 W2 g, {9 i) L6 a/ Mgetch(); 8 k, M( Y; E( y
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 2 T S0 r4 p9 r( [+ ]- n
} 8 w, e3 @/ F; T. d+ C7 s$ @$ @
/* draw a line */
6 a; p- G7 F" C) ~line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 9 Z" ]( Q+ c5 N i; F
/* clean up */ ! `7 v/ ?0 D, \! }5 w! @
getch(); 8 D+ ?" T1 ~% [! r* @/ ~4 d
closegraph(); 1 O- G9 l) T8 P& N( B
return 0; " @, y, k6 Z; D3 |1 a
} 9 c/ ]1 Z' [6 @5 m% i

- ~# D, ` j- C函数名: _graphfreemem ; J1 S6 }/ z2 {& N+ }
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数 3 R9 @! D, U# j+ e
用法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size);
: @8 v( Q+ ]& U, e1 i# k程序例: 8 W0 C& o" Z0 [3 U; I& Q y
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# c, K1 q; p; q" H `#include <STDLIB.H>) x$ l2 R2 M1 h- B' W
#include <STDIO.H>
) c; T9 e& g. K0 m" i9 f#include <CONIO.H>
8 S& {/ \ U# |0 v2 y#include <ALLOC.H>
- M+ {+ C4 H! t c9 d0 `int main(void) . ^. l& Z7 S. U
{ ! g1 t/ l, V0 ^; G6 o$ I- o8 n1 D
/* request auto detection */ ' w, }) }, F* W1 M3 G6 ]& e
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
; i' `/ S5 P& D$ L% w! ^int midx, midy; 1 u3 L* d. n' _& g) k
/* clear the text screen */
5 O3 Y& ~1 q! |# j" G) Z: z7 _+ U! zclrscr(); 9 ~8 ^, q5 V' R/ O
printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:");
7 `* g1 ]0 e3 m- a7 M1 i5 U' Dgetch();
8 n" Z* E' ~8 X, tclrscr(); 
7 i+ p+ c) X- _: i% c0 C/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . q9 |! N& m {4 y' j$ Q! d7 N
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : b' d/ g9 R+ W9 k! N: d
/* read result of initialization */ 2 v. v/ d# o( r
errorcode = graphresult(); 8 ~. s) Y' H3 `
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ( o. w/ D) ?" `7 ^4 O: d
{ , s2 k. C( s! C0 y2 i8 ~. {
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
" K c6 `. H b+ r$ ~2 a6 o: f2 dprintf("Press any key to halt:");
% D: z0 u# A B4 ggetch(); 6 ]8 i4 x2 r4 ]
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 L5 S% ^' b, Q2 r) z- T
} d6 H6 w. g$ O! ], |
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
6 i+ [2 p1 n( v/ a- }1 I# Amidy = getmaxy() / 2; + a: c+ r; D; K7 H& D& ~1 z8 f3 n
/* display a message */ - m1 [" k0 T% x \8 I6 I
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); . h2 A' M. l l) q6 M+ r8 _4 E# d
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 
: o+ K/ w; o/ k- J/* clean up */ % t0 y2 ^- S$ L" v% n5 o5 h
getch(); 9 D- ~% T/ i T
closegraph();
# M% g6 b5 o6 N6 U4 _return 0;
2 }, b4 O+ E3 A; H} ) a$ Q1 ?& @- G" S" }' g, ?
/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ 3 l# h/ b4 x* j
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) 3 j8 [( ^& k- u: v# X
{
2 e3 ] I; a$ r, L2 F3 n$ N# g; yprintf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
, L% t& R( a& t* eprintf("hit any key:"); & M0 k+ T" z9 O5 B) r6 W
getch(); $ G0 U2 L# P: C# W
printf("\n"); ) |, c9 N1 b! X7 @% J d2 w2 k, ^
/* allocate memory from far heap */ * U; ~6 x6 I M @
return farmalloc(size);
- E3 _) T, [4 b) w} 8 O, T' U0 \0 D! s& }! w
/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */ % J& t9 d* G% m: ^. R1 c5 S" o1 c
void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size)
! }. B4 k- V# {* N) j9 ]3 w" P{ # _' a- w# E$ v6 b3 W7 I
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
$ Y' O& |8 J" U8 ~# eprintf("hit any key:");
& Y% v2 R8 G, H3 |0 q' Fgetch(); 0 i6 f5 Y: Y$ n* ?
printf("\n"); 
4 F& p2 G( s `/* free ptr from far heap */ 5 F' |+ O+ {, i2 w$ i6 M D
farfree(ptr); ; g& w& x% {1 S, \# v0 b$ Z) C
} " D* e4 X A8 z8 u- C2 w# \
! o9 A7 _1 y6 Z* X
函数名: _graphgetmem 6 Y. { v$ r+ }7 U- f
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数 1 J+ H' N# S3 S& v: X1 n
用法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size); ( _7 g( n- o% t' H+ n2 ^2 c, U
程序例: 
* q" R4 I9 ?, i) v# R% ?$ l2 c#include <GRAPHICS.H>. w0 E D7 W: @" o
#include <STDLIB.H>$ `; L9 ] n* O5 {: H
#include <STDIO.H>
( I' f9 V0 E# I+ \: `# \#include <CONIO.H>, M* c) w* W) C* `
#include <ALLOC.H>
" @4 b9 P* v+ X: h) v& zint main(void)
; M& h* K( f7 j. L6 I9 B0 |; ]{
9 p9 e. Y$ C1 ?5 I8 s/* request autodetection */
+ B* }6 r& F; sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ( L7 ~# y I( j9 z8 Y z& [' e2 }
int midx, midy; 
0 q( L+ ~/ p! H/* clear the text screen */
. C7 F+ x" N/ ` M% }clrscr();
* n; g9 }8 K+ r: c3 p* _9 R$ }printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); : N& v1 z3 l# ^9 U* x
getch(); + u- p$ E/ Q% I- T
clrscr(); % ]6 p& q( ~: ?. P6 v9 U
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
/ w7 i, m. |) [8 {: Cinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
3 W1 J. b6 D5 w0 b7 k/* read result of initialization */
, ~+ c: o1 m+ @$ |& ~1 Qerrorcode = graphresult(); : [' _' z0 K: ?
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
2 |' @7 p; e* m2 }: M4 @" Y/ @{ / R8 e- j$ r' _) Y* K
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 2 y1 r& o6 A" j; ], a& v
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 c f% E' K8 G3 j6 n/ Rgetch(); - ~' ~6 Y/ X; e0 M' z* H
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
3 P! Z: Y( Y( f} 7 G$ O% G2 f" q; C5 u1 R5 l
midx = getmaxx() / 2; - E! W5 A& I5 K/ o$ e
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
4 m- C2 N4 k3 T, Z3 P" f: `/* display a message */ $ F9 H' `* J# f. ^! Z S& j
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); # @( U4 C( g8 V1 x
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); # u7 L5 k6 A! m1 s# t4 W3 Z4 s4 ? l
/* clean up */ ( l- g( w. y7 d. C) I6 z
getch(); 2 p; C, c# `# q
closegraph();
$ m: e3 x+ L$ W g: n' t& w: z* kreturn 0; & D7 M6 I d( {. X! j; E2 h
} 
+ ^' i3 y4 w/ ?/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ : z% U: c ^8 y4 k
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) , N0 T! R9 E# b% F; h
{ 4 a- Z' S; D9 z7 Q9 r) R+ t* t
printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
3 L+ {5 ~$ V) X2 y. B* x4 hprintf("hit any key:");
) _, c1 y8 ^% c2 L' L( lgetch(); $ A) L( _$ v% A$ E4 k! U" F0 v
printf("\n"); 
9 z% e3 I% S+ z1 R m4 n/* allocate memory from far heap */
1 n' f+ h4 @0 i: B& H% `return farmalloc(size);
2 X+ p1 g+ r! f! g' h! K4 v6 J} 
9 [' @; n0 b" j! @- n5 x4 Y/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
7 M3 G$ Y' O$ `& r' N0 avoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) / C5 c1 r5 B/ g3 g+ C4 w
{
* H! x, j' t, fprintf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); ( p. S. W# r4 j* K: g- E9 P- \+ S
printf("hit any key:"); 2 K( i) I; H0 T* Z" J+ r
getch();
6 |( P# s1 O6 w. K1 d' dprintf("\n"); 2 _3 E) T- F2 W. T- w% Q
/* free ptr from far heap */
" z* l- n0 `8 n# wfarfree(ptr);
8 B1 l' z5 h% u. d}
, @; m7 K8 e0 @$ H