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函数大全(g开头)

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align=center>函数大全(g开头)


<

>函数名: gcvt 
功能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ 
<

>/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>return(0);
}



<

>函数名: geninterrupt 
功能: 产生一个软中断
用法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例: 
<

>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
<

>/* function prototype */
void writechar(char ch); 
<

>int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar('*');
getch();
return 0;
} 
<

>/*
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/ 
<

>void writechar(char ch)
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}


<

>函数名: getarccoords 
功能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80]; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* draw arc and get coordinates */
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo); 
<

>/* convert arc information into strings */
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); 
<

>/* output the arc information */
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr); 
<

>/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



<

>函数名: getaspectratio 
功能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw wide circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getbkcolor 
功能: 返回当前背景颜色
用法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current background color */
bkcolor = getbkcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getc 
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
ch);
return 0;
}



函数名: getcbrk 
功能: 获取Control_break设置
用法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: getch 
功能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用法: int getch(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getchar 
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int c; 
/* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */ 
while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
printf("%c", c); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getche 
功能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用法: int getche(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getcolor 
功能: 返回当前画线颜色
用法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current drawing color */
color = getcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: getcurdir 
功能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录
用法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);
程序例: 
#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
char *current_directory(char *path)
{
strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */
path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */
getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */
return(path);
} 
int main(void)
{
char curdir[MAXPATH]; 
current_directory(curdir);
printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getcwd 
功能: 取当前工作目录
用法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[MAXPATH]; 
getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} 


函数名: getdate 
功能: 取DOS日期
用法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date d; 
getdate(&d);
printf("The current year is: %d\n",
d.da_year);
printf("The current day is: %d\n",
d.da_day);
printf("The current month is: %d\n",
d.da_mon);
return 0;
}


函数名: getdefaultpalette 
功能: 返回调色板定义结构
用法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i; 
/* structure for returning palette copy */
struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* return a pointer to the default palette */
pal = getdefaultpalette(); 
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i,
pal->colors);
# H; i9 @6 G6 J7 [3 V, _6 ^+ {2 |getch();
6 Y+ @) O+ p5 K0 O$ }0 C} 0 w0 C9 h8 B& I
/* clean up */ 1 Y$ q$ Z& b3 a" W
getch();
' ^( y R) H% }% B: r( |0 N+ i1 eclosegraph(); # F5 \! f! z4 [: D
return 0;
+ C. m% z$ ~6 b4 Y |6 G3 E8 `0 |} . O' G' V, y+ y. R! N: N1 i) t M
8 h4 g3 A6 f1 e. a

3 {" \' R; h( \2 j& c5 S+ J j7 g函数名: getdisk - @# M) K* |* K3 C
功能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号
0 e' @: N" F& M* f. s用法: int getdisk(void); % T& t! z( J0 } B" }5 M# M9 F
程序例: 
" @; K% d) D% S#include <STDIO.H>& b$ f) S9 g( |* I- X' ]& S# Y! ^$ S
#include <DIR.H>
% b+ ?$ P" _, u, [: y) Vint main(void)
7 B# ^5 K. J: ~! N. r+ j. s9 \{
% [/ T( I. G' M9 g: qint disk; - E$ o5 @- s& l! k3 V. R
disk = getdisk() + 'A'; * \9 _4 R. z3 c2 ?' y
printf("The current drive is: %c\n", % R+ Q% a$ U3 D$ J( R
disk);
8 w. t9 X% i3 e$ C! freturn 0;
& X2 V& d$ U. [# j2 S}
 b- \7 p, m0 U2 g7 h+ ?/ |& e* s5 j" U( A, c
* i; v& G! s* w {( t4 {1 N. }
3 O* _" @2 }" c2 j% c$ y0 Z
函数名: getdrivername 
1 n K: w( r5 W. Y% u3 T( Y功能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针 - c! X" P7 }. h
用法: char *getdrivename(void);
; k; a/ ^ m1 |1 O: Z程序例: , K) a$ V& A- `& W4 `& @$ ~
#include <GRAPHICS.H>1 h, Z& X9 e: Q+ t& W: C3 r9 C; [4 Z
#include <STDLIB.H>
* U: ]5 J& M3 D( d#include <STDIO.H>
; U& ` _0 D) B6 J& v#include <CONIO.H>
* y4 z1 G- S$ o" Iint main(void)
/ ~6 {% m* A2 q" V5 Y+ {{
8 w% f. P: I; _+ i/* request auto detection */
 p. q- Y$ B& r0 cint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 7 `8 Y# K$ F( f
/* stores the device driver name */
. k6 d4 X# ]7 M% R* U+ [( bchar *drivername; , @( d9 c. x6 y
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 \' V- Q6 k- `
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
5 N0 K+ b1 d! M- @9 e/* read result of initialization */
3 q5 B- T3 _( D5 `errorcode = graphresult();
4 U8 Q& k1 Y9 t3 C4 r/* an error occurred */ : X) |* P9 j6 d' E$ v
if (errorcode != grOk) * m) i$ L- i- K4 W! W% G/ u
{ ; @+ m4 ]! B! `9 w* B
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", 4 B5 B6 J& `- ]. s0 P
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 I5 B7 y* x3 r% H' L2 z3 ^4 jprintf("Press any key to halt:"); / x4 ^, @' T3 B8 f- R) O
getch();
/ A# D. s+ t1 w5 F# `: v/* terminate with an error code */ 8 Q: n2 k" _7 ?2 a5 n$ l
exit(1); 4 H d0 E# A" P% F% g0 G
} 
6 r1 m2 i+ h! @' q8 n$ Fsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
 h3 | K& j# o/* get name of the device driver in use */ ; {8 x ?5 S$ n9 q9 h9 ^
drivername = getdrivername(); 
( t2 p4 ~) u9 y; r6 Y/* for centering text on the screen */
8 e/ o. I( v( D4 [7 H: ~. wsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); $ ~ }- g0 b" N5 o
/* output the name of the driver */ + e X5 c g+ l8 o6 i
outtextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2,
% c% x3 v' F5 M, p& a B! N% kdrivername); . D* V$ j' f( D* {5 J+ `2 o
/* clean up */
* u3 W& i$ o! c& dgetch();
/ Q* n+ h' x4 v% Vclosegraph();
& q' u% O; m/ S2 _3 `return 0;
, K1 {. K& ^# h4 _- U6 q: t5 j}
% H7 ?6 Q. @1 I3 \ t5 Y7 r, _( r$ u5 E) l! D- S

$ }5 E; b0 n3 {1 W函数名: getdta 
0 u) L+ E- W, F5 U, a8 T功能: 取磁盘传输地址 ' m3 T/ V+ G: y) J3 B" g) B
用法: char far *getdta(void);
4 S& V* X8 r' {+ g5 M程序例: ! K% }! i7 b' G. c3 B% z
#include <DOS.H>. T2 m7 Q4 x) Y N, p
#include <STDIO.H>
; k% j+ b' C$ x. O. {6 U/ C: {4 ?; gint main(void) ! i$ {) x- M2 \8 D. @9 y9 q
{ 4 j4 F/ D* U6 z. T! \- w+ h
char far *dta; 5 H8 Z+ ~0 g6 i; \* k/ u) @, @
dta = getdta();
" F- X7 a$ j9 F; f# @8 B0 tprintf("The current disk transfer \
6 A) B* s3 b: e, N& z' T& ?address is: %Fp\n", dta);
# v8 b$ T" l5 x k, ^4 p: Freturn 0;
7 S( q! j7 P; E2 |+ Q2 q' Q}
! q9 {6 v( J2 m) u
. c: I8 Z- k5 L4 b5 A+ }* z! O! f, v0 B7 S! U* H& Y3 d: s
函数名: getenv 
" M9 G6 I- X: d+ v' h7 ^% g功能: 从环境中取字符串
4 D- J5 j: ~, } |) W9 G用法: char *getenv(char *envvar); ) P1 p8 g" q3 O# W
程序例: 
( l l: v0 i. Y#include <STDLIB.H>
, l7 Z$ i* C5 m) G- ^8 ?#include <STDIO.H>
: `+ c" H- ?* q0 W( e2 {! I0 o+ ? a9 r0 L! I# m
int main(void)
! _/ a! p1 A! r5 }+ R; N' A{ 9 J; N: z9 m( [8 G1 t1 C
char *s; ( [$ Z @8 {# h" e
s=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */
; G7 E* `& N- R# @& u- ~printf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ 
4 I" b) D( }8 {return 0;
0 `: s: F+ O5 S! e6 w" n: N} ' u) S* K1 W# I; z1 h) W, R- J3 M* [

7 Z" W9 M# h5 ~( O0 r
9 X0 \$ k; r$ g+ ~
& {7 O3 y. d) R( R6 ~4 q函数名: getfat, getfatd 
- |& ?7 ~& @6 X2 k9 q功能: 取文件分配表信息
: U' ~8 J( a5 J' y用法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp); # ?7 v: k- V$ D
程序例: 1 z3 W; B1 i7 G7 ^) { z6 W
#include <STDIO.H>
: b5 D+ ]3 U- n- Z( A1 k#include <DOS.H>2 S# B6 M3 l; d
int main(void) ! V7 t; b: ]* n- }* T
{ ) ?2 O7 H7 I; ` @% u
struct fatinfo diskinfo; : T; j# F4 y8 Q% P" C- [2 J
int flag = 0; 
, H2 S* M. W Y0 _printf("Please insert disk in drive A\n"); 6 f9 H e# [* N) R
getchar(); 
) u# a- L6 m* K0 Dgetfat(1, &diskinfo);
7 Q; P8 o4 h ~9 _, d/* get drive information */ 9 `1 [, p+ K$ W# h
printf("\nDrive A: is ");
- n& m3 G6 G, h- Y$ L9 W1 dswitch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid)
, d( X8 x+ n" G' F7 G! `{
/ u+ a# \8 u! i/ e$ jcase 0xFD:
8 W8 X& f, s8 r7 Uprintf("360K low density\n");
: F& n2 f$ F X$ z" dbreak; 1 R; @2 K- r9 N. J8 {1 J) R
case 0xF9:
2 C" [$ W' i9 Q1 Zprintf("1.2 Meg high density\n"); / e! @* f6 Q! J( q' |
break; 
1 y8 l# `3 R* s$ ydefault:
, ]$ t ]3 W0 gprintf("unformatted\n"); / I% M& ?8 h' d# P% P0 k0 I
flag = 1; - U: r" j5 J$ l- n9 g
} ( y$ S' `$ |& ~
if (!flag)
" o j* O9 J9 J4 x* ?1 x- T{
 g& w6 O; N; l" f. Kprintf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n",
( e- }$ X: j, N' }, @5 {diskinfo.fi_sclus);
7 H5 z( C% a, E- Oprintf(" number of clusters %5d\n", 6 i, _/ V v/ u/ g
diskinfo.fi_nclus);
% I! L" Q) r5 ]4 J( `6 fprintf(" bytes per sector %5d\n", % F1 f p8 n- S) j r3 t' C6 T
diskinfo.fi_bysec);
+ _" h3 A; K5 _% s, E} : H3 [" V" I+ t
return 0;
4 Q/ m8 V" t9 P6 N9 a% _& C}
7 k/ [/ J3 X. m, s# t @* a( x' E0 r; q5 n! c% H+ t

3 b4 J- S$ J) t5 o- t函数名: getfillpattern $ X; r7 M& I" Q; j9 ` O) l
功能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中 [( D* {" E9 _2 }8 E: _0 t& K
用法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern);
# O' M2 x7 A2 q5 i- o程序例: , O9 M$ x# m- ]* z2 j( f- m; S
#include <GRAPHICS.H>" B9 c" i' y$ {
#include <STDLIB.H>: ?* V, H" a1 V" p/ v4 L
#include <STDIO.H>
2 E3 r* V2 S4 G5 f& \1 N1 t4 \#include <CONIO.H>
. _6 N: `7 s' Y1 Iint main(void)
4 L4 T9 M' |' _/ S1 x2 R5 L, ]{
1 ^) T) Y2 L/ Y5 I/* request auto detection */ : U6 J# d; Y& y5 u _
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
; b6 j2 D" P- ^0 L/ l( ?* r- Gint maxx, maxy; - r# I3 x9 G8 z" K. B
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; * T- D3 w9 n% b& n
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
) j# _1 `3 c/ K v9 S; Tinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # f% m7 m$ ]- b
/* read result of initialization */ ; I# P$ h8 a4 y7 m: D u
errorcode = graphresult(); ; C a2 Y( m' `
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # ^( J: g2 u, }8 M; b3 u1 i
{
+ d6 _8 h* r6 u( B ], Q" }9 Eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
3 K. N1 M3 s5 Y. ^& J; Xprintf("Press any key to halt:");
6 i+ N- {' r! D5 m7 tgetch();
3 K& \4 T, C4 W! R7 Bexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
. b0 t0 L# T: m; Y) O. H1 Y} & R- H; l( Z9 j, A+ M8 p; n0 L
maxx = getmaxx();
0 Q% H9 B- L. E6 Q& gmaxy = getmaxy();
9 s# ?( u4 ]0 Xsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
$ Y- l# @2 C8 m- r* a$ Y/* select a user defined fill pattern */ * D6 a3 F6 f, F: ~7 l0 Y
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
; ^" e$ \$ }) I3 A/* fill the screen with the pattern */ & \; |+ I i6 A( p
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
; b' t/ c0 |0 |/ R9 g1 o6 I* Bgetch(); + E) D! B9 j, G* \2 P( d4 N
/* get the current user defined fill pattern */ + E; i% c6 M" k M7 E# H( e* j
getfillpattern(pattern); & N: _% s5 r, c* W1 t$ ^" q
/* alter the pattern we grabbed */
 O" k$ t; E I+ x" X( Dpattern[4] -= 1;
- U$ s3 j5 @4 L- W; tpattern[5] -= 3;
; W; [) } X7 m; D, Ypattern[6] += 3;
: b1 f5 B- ^5 T5 ipattern[7] -= 4; ! N. u+ J! b" {$ ]9 i- i0 X
/* select our new pattern */ . p8 h* }. b1 q9 [0 Z& B' U
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); ; V6 L6 U! Q# {9 D: k5 {
/* fill the screen with the new pattern */
 W4 ~* v2 x! cbar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); " x, H, n4 n% o- D+ l2 N3 V
/* clean up */ : u* }, A; w( m) z2 { r
getch();
closegraph(); 2 Z# j) V6 s( e$ b' Z0 r3 r% S- Q
return 0; 0 }) q3 {2 P# [+ @9 q# q' y/ P. c
} / }. Y2 W2 @" ?* G5 t
. e5 G m$ c0 W) C9 \2 p+ ^/ Q

. Z8 w0 d- a4 k* E8 t: c函数名: getfillsettings 
6 a3 [* r C3 A# K: o# ]功能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息 - @8 c1 ]& k- `4 Y3 }& h( @4 y/ C
用法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo); # k# Z$ T. G& E) {1 h# x
程序例: 
8 g/ |" L2 E/ B#include <GRAPHICS.H>3 G+ e# K7 h- v# v2 W! h
#include <STDLIB.H>& c1 B- e) U, p& n! s
#include <STDIO.H>
' R% E( l. n$ u* P5 e$ v: _#include <CONIO.H>
9 J* Z& b" p; x6 O2 @" W3 o9 y2 D/ the names of the fill styles supported */
8 k$ r. N" \( N6 h( O% Echar *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL", 7 F! D1 q' d# p- ]. C/ w) \' K6 h7 O
"SOLID_FILL", $ x$ w( A( r* c1 K; W0 P0 E0 n
"LINE_FILL",
2 ?& _7 R) b! O5 A6 {) L"LTSLASH_FILL", : c" [4 j& v# z
"SLASH_FILL", 7 d* {1 u7 A, b
"BKSLASH_FILL",
! K" L x {( g N"LTBKSLASH_FILL", ! Z. I% K6 w+ j: ^
"HATCH_FILL", 9 K$ \/ j1 V8 K9 r5 }# B& M
"XHATCH_FILL",
3 g; A6 o; X* M( d! F l8 s"INTERLEAVE_FILL", - A5 |1 b$ y) X$ @8 W- L0 w3 y& r
"WIDE_DOT_FILL", 7 m. v5 p9 o% V4 T
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL", ) o9 l1 D9 Z: H, E. Y
"USER_FILL"
2 l& {3 ]2 e6 y% D+ a6 L/ @9 Y3 |}; $ o) T I" U% C6 @" F& a
int main(void)
5 A8 g; W9 I5 ^{ + X8 x) p$ E% B0 _2 r9 K
/* request auto detection */ * b" D1 @. H# P6 f" }, T
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; . Q3 I. a" `+ T) J' W9 ]
struct fillsettingstype fillinfo;
( D; }/ z, a) C# }int midx, midy; 1 ^$ E, M$ [0 _0 ^- A$ i) _
char patstr[40], colstr[40]; 
 C, f& |$ K; K3 H c/* initialize graphics and local variables */
2 k/ h( O f! D4 N3 R" p$ i8 Winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # Q J$ E- P: Z. b2 ]7 A3 E
/* read result of initialization */
3 c9 y% O! Q& h" N5 r3 C! ^errorcode = graphresult();
- M0 _9 f6 Q5 a! O+ X9 s8 kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
# k) d6 N% _7 F k, h{
' n: b/ I6 B: v, D6 m6 y% Sprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
/ e. Y+ E) A0 O; dprintf("Press any key to halt:");
# m( m+ t( u1 i6 @0 Igetch();
$ h( {8 x9 ~& \! Hexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 }. H; W. T: c9 M3 K# P) s- d} 
3 a0 {# l* d8 dmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
% a7 F7 S/ L {* n4 jmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
9 i1 Y8 o# F# G& f# x- L/* get information about current fill pattern and color */
6 x4 V, T( f2 m9 n! Dgetfillsettings(&fillinfo); 8 V3 H" r& I) N/ }1 u8 n
/* convert fill information into strings */
# p6 U {# }* X& Q5 n& h, v7 _sprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]);
8 J6 M0 K0 E# C+ o: u2 z3 A l2 ksprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); ( I+ U: Q6 o5 z4 m" |8 I
/* display the information */
! [3 X7 ?2 ?6 B% J) J9 osettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
# G7 V4 Q& T2 {0 W: z6 o3 [9 W& t: ^outtextxy(midx, midy, patstr); % v, Z, N+ c& |1 n/ F$ S- f: R
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); 3 s5 l. e; l# _4 k8 `+ p4 H
/* clean up */
, G# {$ y& S9 j1 Q- B$ Vgetch();
# f1 H) t; q X8 N/ {closegraph();
7 |& U" q: O3 ereturn 0; * J, V& P* Y0 W
} 9 T7 |! r9 r6 S9 |

: ^' S, j, S: A8 Z
+ X6 {$ V J! z
) R& m& O/ H4 }! ]. R, ]4 [! i ~函数名: getftime 
6 H' @7 }0 r% d. e2 y% P功能: 取文件日期和时间 3 P( A: o* Y7 o Q" U7 [( h
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
! n: P/ B; D+ l$ u7 S6 l- U程序例: & Z& R% q2 s5 Y2 W, d+ [
#include <STDIO.H>- s6 U: c a. i
#include <IO.H>
1 T0 |# a( L6 m8 t& x% R- uint main(void)
9 q: n# w( O% y- \- S4 @ ~{ " Y- D& I0 A4 ?( `
FILE *stream;
3 u; ]/ w/ ]3 d, c" K$ ^' R+ Sstruct ftime ft; 8 `7 `8 P2 @: h* B+ d' Q ]+ D
if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$",
6 }3 h; Y4 o3 t0 ^"wt")) == NULL) : z: q: G7 n3 n( q. ?% k
{ 3 |# c- j7 L! s0 x9 f1 J
fprintf(stderr, 5 z# V1 u v' X/ q9 p' o: Y
"Cannot open output file.\n");
4 t' D4 u6 t; u. C5 A9 F+ l. ]# Mreturn 1;
5 A" k; X3 L! z) y9 ~3 y( \; S} 6 A5 I: @7 v4 m/ R( U9 Y/ l- _
getftime(fileno(stream), &ft); & l6 }% h/ R$ S! C. k
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", . x* t4 K& q, K: o! c* F0 } i
ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min,
3 p' P% r) w( sft.ft_tsec * 2); 1 i+ h) E! o6 O( y$ x8 r
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
: X4 K: L- \, [1 i! vft.ft_month, ft.ft_day,
0 S0 @2 r9 B6 X! I5 ^3 yft.ft_year+1980); ! F. Q$ @6 Z% X' r" K& _
fclose(stream);
# u& }* C( a5 ~. M$ Preturn 0; ~3 [6 b p7 x2 [; \( ~
}
3 l; ~1 @# i n
7 z: m+ x3 _6 x+ _7 c p& P7 }- |, T
) i% b+ t" G0 c& g; B* `9 e
函数名: getgraphmode 
; Y- A6 `5 Z+ B2 U* r功能: 返回当前图形模式
( b) M$ f' c; u! ]3 ~1 z用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
9 S4 l2 ~, N& c程序例: 
1 n5 i; j) n W% j#include <GRAPHICS.H>* W+ m \$ ?0 t1 r; [; q1 Q- n
#include <STDLIB.H>
% G; S- D8 y) w; @& L#include <STDIO.H>
( [5 q( w$ j. P* r Z6 d1 w7 d#include <CONIO.H>, Z( L ?4 B, y" x% @. [
int main(void)
0 t2 ^2 ]6 W! K{ 9 R2 V7 a% w: t8 G
/* request auto detection */ 0 k( W5 n; T) p u& {" d
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 6 C# H( Z! m7 C( m
int midx, midy, mode;
0 }: P7 H/ J6 B4 }0 }char numname[80], modename[80]; 4 \/ t* V# U( P$ D# g- b: ~0 C" ^. R
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 v$ K8 U$ ^. b. p( y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 1 D5 h4 k3 |, w( R; v n( X& o
/* read result of initialization */
) W% [% _2 @$ c" g! J. M! Serrorcode = graphresult();
! r- \, F2 @0 i' X* s/ E+ N/* an error occurred */
+ u7 E, _# G! @5 i' H( v" Q Bif (errorcode != grOk)
. D$ `$ Z1 i$ u& G0 J3 y* r{
% F: X4 X t0 T" K8 Lprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", ; n9 P, i5 f* M) b; j- T# J: o
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); E& d! S; e6 M* K9 {6 a2 O* g
printf("Press any key to halt:"); - d, ]# q% O9 I1 }+ s) y# X8 }9 F8 h) d
getch(); " I y; D4 Z T& |9 e
/* terminate with an error code */
/ P1 i( B1 R; t6 T* ~exit(1);
4 C T: A# z. t' g$ {1 y4 F} w" W; |* e' T" _
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
, r) q+ R4 j# F9 l% `: Z7 }- Ymidy = getmaxy() / 2; $ X0 @! T8 W. Y m/ z# @- ~
/* get mode number and name strings */
; ` R: Y$ S4 y8 kmode = getgraphmode();
& O% B. Q: ~3 N. u1 l4 msprintf(numname,
. e+ T8 Y9 m* T& s5 w7 C"%d is the current mode number.", % }3 }( }' c2 O$ C N
mode);
8 e& U9 c% I# n8 d. |, Bsprintf(modename,
) j& w. e, Z) p _, g* Y"%s is the current graphics mode",
% |9 q" X8 Y9 ggetmodename(mode)); 1 Y y d% O" [' Y+ z" F# v' ^
/* display the information */ ! ^5 Q2 a: k+ \5 N& C4 L
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 9 l# x5 \ A% @5 `" j" q$ \6 w2 K
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
) R5 @5 G1 R- douttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), , s: D3 ~5 o; {! N
modename); " ~6 [6 |$ i9 S7 H. f1 i
/* clean up */ ; C, d% B& n" E# o# \4 O$ m
getch();
0 x/ W9 F4 z6 |" ^& lclosegraph();
" k* P6 ?" C( l" D4 I/ m$ hreturn 0; U* L' W T% g
} 
$ Y* S# G5 j' T& |# r) w$ U+ _( n; {. }; Q! X
$ M# O4 C/ r! z' K4 F- J; p
函数名: getftime 
, d8 e/ c3 n- ~% c功能: 取文件日期和时间 8 k* @- @! l0 {5 L4 E2 Y
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); 8 Y# ]6 f. F7 m* |5 [
程序例: 
( t1 G, S9 R3 S& v#include <STDIO.H>: r+ x1 N/ S! h- M! v: \ K+ p
#include <IO.H>; e- ?, s _9 p8 i- Y# g0 `. n. R
int main(void) 0 Z( b6 A# T1 Y3 M) j
{ ( k# k- g/ ^: d& i! f- F. S( O
FILE *stream; 0 Y# m0 v9 B9 ^3 c6 ^3 c8 X" ~( p6 ]
struct ftime ft; , R' v: N) ]3 m( y/ l# r
if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", 5 F) k, ]" r+ b, a- n7 e
"wt")) == NULL)
* L) d6 p" W: t' j{
( _$ f& u2 S1 j7 Nfprintf(stderr,
' n" `+ A8 N v* C; q9 D3 u"Cannot open output file.\n");
5 _3 ]" h/ F+ j5 o! P Nreturn 1; 0 x( q/ `8 h" k# e7 F6 q
} / h( w; v- R) R% [/ M
getftime(fileno(stream), &ft);
( t% p; ]! [+ U J* Sprintf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", 8 q6 i4 E% V! U
ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, 9 A) k4 ?( u. L( M
ft.ft_tsec * 2);
2 u% z# j- d% y0 M' t& Vprintf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
: `2 k2 q4 T: G9 p0 W. R/ bft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, # e! g2 {$ Y$ m) p$ u! o: T
ft.ft_year+1980); 5 m- @' I! C! T! P O* ~" y. D9 c) ?
fclose(stream);
: n/ L. R& R& x3 G: I A" `; Y0 s6 kreturn 0; & m- [1 ^+ y# o8 M( g: u& } \3 Y
} 
( s, l* M6 U$ @5 o& |) ^* S) c- X. e4 ]1 ?) ~! q M
% p, M5 V7 A4 F" [7 k1 q! k
/ q4 @! d4 Q6 s5 X' d
函数名: getgraphmode % i% P% j0 f+ K W6 m/ W4 U
功能: 返回当前图形模式 $ h8 V) O6 i6 ~# O& y* G+ O# H
用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
# R% t5 ]" S4 p程序例: 
1 {8 X. R4 J$ L% _#include <GRAPHICS.H>" y* d* L5 A+ A) z( Q( T0 _
#include <STDLIB.H>1 h; {; S, O& H) y n4 e. b- o
#include <STDIO.H>
* x$ B) {7 i% n#include <CONIO.H>
 c) e9 \- Z4 Q0 @int main(void) / i, {9 \' y' @/ i, f2 D" P
{
5 `; n7 q) n* o8 d/* request auto detection */
9 D6 V- C8 k4 w$ Y1 j" sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
 f2 ^& l0 _* V& H. C5 ~" U' Hint midx, midy, mode;
- s0 D7 e# b4 } D+ f6 }char numname[80], modename[80]; 
 q6 Z0 F/ Y) w8 C% E6 ^7 |( ~7 O/* initialize graphics and local variables */ & G; d( g) @8 C1 N9 |1 K6 q
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
- E: D+ Q" s4 k5 T! F/ w2 G/* read result of initialization */ y: G: a" Y% a
errorcode = graphresult();
7 p1 |+ Y' t3 y6 P6 V4 R/* an error occurred */ . o4 A% c! x; z0 K: _! n
if (errorcode != grOk) 3 D6 }! d% I" g
{ 7 C. @! j: m3 o
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", : @: n6 Z2 ~) _ c! R; I
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); + p6 M$ w) _- @) d: ]0 p4 z+ U
printf("Press any key to halt:");
. t w; x; t0 r4 N3 Dgetch();
7 ~8 u4 _& O! Q2 u/ ?2 N/* terminate with an error code */ 3 t) L! E: Z) S5 Q. b- g
exit(1);
! x' D4 v& |' r7 D5 h B8 _} : M c3 c" j! h/ f
midx = getmaxx() / 2; ! }- {. d* Z5 T- k; h% k
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
 K: @* L. H V6 }& _/* get mode number and name strings */ & o# ^% b' b2 S+ Y5 |
mode = getgraphmode(); 8 N# u5 |) [* k9 H
sprintf(numname,
8 e# c) N' }; b: J1 K- Y/ F"%d is the current mode number.",
( A2 M/ p% ]( O( |/ J4 gmode);
) ?) h& O* d6 `! y( j W" X: b Asprintf(modename,
" b# p1 d: s) x1 E0 P1 q"%s is the current graphics mode",
5 f8 Z, I% s3 t ^getmodename(mode)); 
& [& }6 b& ]# z/ I! [1 [/* display the information */
% K( @; r0 G: r( _3 J2 O [settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ; p0 U/ m5 ~- Q/ Q8 ^, I7 _
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname); 4 m& X$ e+ v/ l4 U5 i: i
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
4 ]) y7 X- z: G' r* H- M2 F3 hmodename); 2 v3 r% m G. S/ N! f
/* clean up */
4 F! X, w2 w' C. P g5 N( Zgetch(); - ]! O" f( x( e; D/ |( X
closegraph();
0 e) {4 k% D& J- ireturn 0; . w b) r# ]6 a7 D
} 7 j/ Q2 n* i# ^3 w; k

& [8 p6 u7 \2 G9 T) h) h
. j- n" l6 J( `" M* K/ U函数名: getimage ' _' v& t- ^+ `$ X
功能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中
0 E5 b% s. x4 @' m- L: `用法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, ( x a* f( p2 M1 z" j; J$ ^
void far *bitmap); ( u" e/ ^* n/ @7 _ c! z
程序例: 
- ~" M' v$ A- C% s* A$ J7 |#include <GRAPHICS.H>' _# y+ Q9 _4 o3 z( m
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
% ?4 m9 S! R9 x) r#include <CONIO.H>1 g5 m! g, R' \ U* q: K# I* G
#include <ALLOC.H>
% P, I0 }8 b! G) V4 r9 P/ Wvoid save_screen(void far *buf[4]); & x1 `- K* D" ?! x
void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]); 6 i+ m7 L7 \9 _6 v* o9 t+ }, X
int maxx, maxy; 
, }( R7 y( m0 T- V" F4 k; w! @int main(void)
0 [4 O$ y) T9 E/ }" |{ / L( G8 _1 |7 l3 j; y
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode; . b: B8 ~0 k! a' u0 c
void far *ptr[4]; ; S7 |& w0 Q' O5 v$ \% I9 k
/* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */ / o5 G& O) Q: F4 u
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
: r2 t( j) C; u4 {+ qerrorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */
' ~ |. L4 \7 L) M6 pif (errorcode != grOk)
( H8 I% {/ a% [( ?) U% p{
3 I6 h- t& T. M) o1 Oprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ; g" j4 A! l" K& E- V1 ~
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 2 I: v* P7 ]# y* `( n, p! [% c
getch(); 3 p+ v: h/ c$ e
exit(1);
) Q6 z% p; W8 Z. x9 ^}
% }( |9 S5 O2 v% G7 Imaxx = getmaxx();
' c# ^8 U; o' j# L' H! O8 t3 L+ Bmaxy = getmaxy(); j7 y" t: d; K
/* draw an image on the screen */
$ s( l% R& K8 `. V2 brectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
: v4 I7 h$ I, Lline(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
9 }/ V6 H/ W( Dline(0, maxy, maxx, 0); : G, J! X( w* ~* _3 S3 T% B2 e
save_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */
- M& I {: L& m( j5 f8 Q% M- Igetch(); /* pause screen */
0 @% T$ O# Y# hcleardevice(); /* clear screen */ + ^) E( w N$ e: o& Z5 D# X
restore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */
3 e; w% ]7 a4 Fgetch(); /* pause screen */ 
; u9 }3 T& s' E+ w, E( w. h$ |* jclosegraph(); ) K% x2 ^+ Y& W6 [! J
return 0; ; d9 B# s- @8 b8 |6 z( u' q
} ; m; @* H) p! T x/ X1 W1 B
void save_screen(void far *buf[4])
7 y4 A, B. g& H0 R8 ~{
* g* R0 X9 B( R3 H4 b5 punsigned size; : c- j1 p9 z3 e
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 5 W# O! h! u1 a3 u
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; ) k) W4 L* I% Y- V' p
yend = yincr; . F' S3 l$ X! @
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ 
2 E# h8 `* \ h0 [for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
: B& F$ y- ~7 C5 B1 j; f5 [4 l{
" _8 X7 k7 T4 _# ~' b8 wif ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) - K& m0 E( n) R$ h3 Q5 I4 v
{
; Z2 \+ b c! f+ h# t) x1 qclosegraph();
2 r- n6 _9 Z, _- L5 d) |1 nprintf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n");
9 k6 o/ X. O$ P* ^5 sexit(1); , k2 V6 G) q: B8 r6 i$ Y# Q- |: p W
} 6 j+ Y: M$ K7 R
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
+ I* ]3 p8 Q8 [9 m X1 Pystart = yend + 1;
" N9 z2 i' w3 H" M; ]0 x7 Iyend += yincr + 1; 3 ^( x; ?: {% ~1 o' l1 {1 ?
}
! Q7 O9 o$ w+ C O5 V} ; s* T6 p4 @& ~9 s
void save_screen(void far *buf[4])
$ |/ q3 b6 C* w& ^6 g8 g5 H{
% t5 H0 ]; @ n b+ u; P6 l. Yunsigned size;
& z% ~7 a) R1 a5 e( d" _int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 2 V# a. j$ j" `/ o( e
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; 5 X' v$ N% B: z ]9 b3 L9 j# x3 W
yend = yincr; * O4 a. s! j1 g8 ^5 K
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ $ g O; O/ r* P4 Y
for (block=0; block<=3; block++) " g" ~( s9 V/ z. U0 u4 @; _
{ , L. q7 g0 c( ]
if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) $ I5 ^* ?7 n: h0 m3 {& p
{ ' j/ ?# r* o! {7 ^( U N- _% c* E9 A
closegraph(); 2 u7 v0 o, Y& `
printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); 7 Q% K) N8 K5 c8 W) S M# b6 F
exit(1); ; j; A6 J. @1 K# Y3 h
} $ _1 u; B# m" ^, y% Y& ?$ `! G" ~
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
& p+ d3 r4 ~% G/ p" qystart = yend + 1;
: D/ B3 K0 H; ^: J. k# ^yend += yincr + 1;
2 X: i8 {- P2 h, H, U} 1 d; K8 ?) N& a
} + _* z' W( k# N5 V2 U0 Y6 i9 V
void restore_screen(void far *buf[4])
( I) M! e! Y+ ^{ - y2 y, T. F1 e0 J t
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 
, s$ ^! N" U5 r# byincr = (maxy+1) / 4;
# s0 y, w4 w0 ^+ }yend = yincr; + y; p; m" C' J" r$ t: Q
for (block=0; block<=3; block++) % w2 g p* c2 D8 S; k: Q
{
* p( `! |1 ]; e" n: C& o/ l( uputimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT);
$ C6 p7 Z6 D* z$ o: Cfarfree(buf[block]);
: j8 y2 ~ q- Xystart = yend + 1; & x8 E0 {$ z1 Y }, M( O
yend += yincr + 1; 9 Q/ C8 b* V' p: a* L& c9 {0 I/ g
}
* j( n( m" `( y' t' R} & w* G* M/ Z8 \/ D+ F# E

7 W3 U& o9 @3 Z: z
: D' f: `0 `2 f* s L函数名: getlinesettings 
* [" n5 e' \0 }' a功能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度 5 I* D u. T, X& ]& O
用法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo):
; Y5 m3 F! O g9 }$ p程序例: 
& p2 Y' _# B/ ^, x' q#include <GRAPHICS.H>7 |* w9 e' U" o3 f& _/ a* v
#include <STDLIB.H>6 [/ w( O' N# k! \& j; t4 q3 |! `$ h
#include <STDIO.H> S- N2 `7 ]8 c& }# A
#include <CONIO.H>, B7 U1 L, J5 A
/* the names of the line styles supported */
9 D1 F& e* g* x& N8 y) T- ?char *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE",
1 C3 }, I8 J; \9 Z5 _; O9 R"DOTTED_LINE",
9 @& h+ d; L" ]/ f"CENTER_LINE",
6 J9 t. I8 ~# p0 {4 S1 j) S0 B"DASHED_LINE", * J3 a I, H3 Q5 m" R$ Q0 ~
"USERBIT_LINE" 8 w7 a. U! A) n& T2 a O
}; 
7 z: C3 _7 P0 C) W3 Z' v0 qint main(void) 2 f; R; Z8 T( u% O/ s6 z
{
' G2 j, W d, q" V; t+ b; I/* request auto detection */
. t0 n& b, h i1 x) e# u9 E! C- |int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
. l! X8 s$ K5 V: s2 Pstruct linesettingstype lineinfo;
, R4 N0 N$ ]* z- G1 Q7 P* gint midx, midy;
# a n5 k$ G' M7 _char lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; 
- Z' u+ O' \& W4 y$ b2 B/ F6 d/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 n! @/ I6 j% q6 o
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 8 r+ m& `' E# J, w' Y7 a: x
/* read result of initialization */
3 E2 M9 F2 r0 s# k. r1 H* R8 J- h9 Merrorcode = graphresult();
3 C& A. U3 H) C" n" a, D( K' t0 Fif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
# r5 R7 e9 A& F4 U1 }- r{ , x. t! N. G6 E6 x
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 2 G) {9 X$ T6 L. E
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ; S0 L; o& r% Z4 d8 `: ~
getch();
6 Z9 L4 j+ z, A, k7 e5 Jexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ # e" R: B4 d' f0 E5 e
} 
3 T4 c u% l/ I% fmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
0 o% G1 V& h9 M! Z$ dmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 9 P# I6 v, Y) v$ ~2 P
/* get information about current line settings */ 1 V$ K# p9 O( y6 d4 @7 B+ R' j. R
getlinesettings(&lineinfo); 
' Z, G& N1 A9 D$ R/ x/* convert line information into strings */
3 E2 z. i ~# a- v2 Zsprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.",
2 \8 m% R) }8 N$ k2 I8 |lname[lineinfo.linestyle]); 7 t- Q- I5 ?. t) u5 u- Z# p" o6 _
sprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.",
4 F4 Q; L9 T3 A z5 z" s6 X* {lineinfo.upattern);
 w1 |% @5 B3 g/ ^sprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.",
/ h+ M+ {$ w# t( {9 vlineinfo.thickness); 9 R8 j- i5 W: |( v) ~: h' d
/* display the information */ ! T" ~" I6 b" V2 k- q; Z
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
, z0 a1 @. b. ~- \4 I! L3 t* y% Touttextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); 7 m2 R; s! x- E- s2 Z
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern); : j" m y! J- P' W* x5 ]$ }
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); 
) Y+ b: r3 u- |/* clean up */ ' y9 m: g: F6 j* U
getch(); 5 U7 p! \. x: H* z5 x: b
closegraph();
. W! O F+ O4 L `return 0;
9 w0 G) W$ |# o$ R% S; c} 7 X( J' ?* p E; y- N" O/ c
# X/ G& u# R! D1 q

, U; @, Y! S; L2 u3 O2 C7 X9 W函数名: getmaxcolor ( ^ c; e& |7 r+ K
功能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值 : N4 B9 i& L; Q0 h7 L* J
用法: int far getmaxcolor(void);
! n y \9 r5 E3 ?2 E1 R) B程序例: 
, u' C, ]! T9 D1 i, e8 Q6 @9 L#include <GRAPHICS.H>
& m) T/ m# e( C. L#include <STDLIB.H>1 f& V8 z0 F1 [ F
#include <STDIO.H>* } A/ P5 U @0 A0 Y# E4 u% {2 b' t
#include <CONIO.H>
+ D3 J& T: n8 r& O. g; oint main(void)
9 n. s( ]+ e4 }0 \8 D7 e; W# N, k{
 c7 D9 N% d# P( ~' c/* request auto detection */ 1 ?* K$ F* r- P% W& z
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
( y0 K, f0 u+ ?6 Oint midx, midy; 9 `4 U! m+ B( ~1 s: v
char colstr[80]; 3 X) }! v. c$ Q5 B" ?
/* initialize graphics and local variables
) x% w# x# G8 {) Q*/ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : V1 B7 o( ^9 h' ?& ?
/* read result of initialization */
) {9 K$ w( x; i" ^# ?+ ferrorcode = graphresult(); 2 s/ z! X6 J0 h1 J2 W# N, O L
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
' N' V ~: U9 F" N{ 5 C8 @# |8 Q- y& s& L3 I& ?
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
) _/ Y& U7 J5 fprintf("Press any key to halt:");
7 u1 P& J& n3 t5 j- i$ igetch();
8 w1 Z# U. [4 m) Z) r: ^0 m8 eexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ \) d+ L3 z* f} 
* `. r$ F' F: p1 i; tmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
+ W1 g; G d# r4 Xmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 5 k% h8 T3 v( o! F, F
/* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */
: \8 p8 n) M! a- F( Hsprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); 
2 N5 u- z, |2 ] W2 f* K/* display the information */ 0 ^! [9 q7 l# s+ h: ]* U2 l
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
& P4 c* o* ^" O" g" _1 H5 T# _outtextxy(midx, midy, colstr); ' h! ^2 E, ^/ Q* k1 C4 K
/* clean up */ 6 v" H- J' e( b7 r9 Q7 o
getch(); 4 o# N5 V& V$ N7 U- _# l& S
closegraph();
& o# Y$ x6 n% Jreturn 0; : }* X- n( }' }; e* |- l o' Z* E
} % G: X- F5 z8 `* B9 n

$ L. p" [; C9 A* A/ |1 R a- ~ O/ h# d$ c5 B

2 t" X# K! a, y# x1 e函数名: getmaxx 
* b3 b4 k8 W/ Q/ a/ m( L+ `功能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标
+ F9 \ j4 |; B( K用法: int far getmaxx(void);
1 F& v- r+ M- V, z程序例: 
" @; F4 ^$ F' r: u* P#include <GRAPHICS.H>- g5 u/ b4 s- a! b& D1 L) s U4 ?% T
#include <STDLIB.H>2 a; O) Q2 [% [& ^. `! H
#include <STDIO.H>
% _- z7 Z2 b2 K- q#include <CONIO.H>
4 I0 ]( f) v1 cint main(void) 9 T# a2 R* r6 I/ g+ K# [
{
4 N6 m& }" C% i- Q/ u1 t5 w/* request auto detection */ 1 O7 t6 h+ B2 `5 y8 G! ]
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' H# {+ T1 v$ F& S$ @0 [
int midx, midy; & a/ |6 E# }! z) p
char xrange[80], yrange[80]; 9 `! S$ W" N& m [6 T( r
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ L- B7 A5 ~# s+ Q3 c, H& N3 y, kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ; m/ t9 A' F5 |9 o& T
/* read result of initialization */ " e4 \7 {$ I# x9 @) E$ f
errorcode = graphresult(); 9 U- F, A( t G: R
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 0 v7 }" a0 H. [$ U: c6 K, W( j
{ $ C, f0 @! o+ q ~1 [
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
0 B3 _ }7 M* P2 j, _, Vprintf("Press any key to halt:");
9 X7 y) b" n3 d8 e+ H: k3 jgetch();
% c2 k$ u1 l, a0 sexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
" L8 P% a; D) f} ' S4 z9 k, b3 X/ u, ^, r
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 8 j/ X$ e- d+ Q# w$ `" P
midy = getmaxy() / 2; . K$ ~8 a& |0 p$ e; K
/* convert max resolution values into strings */
6 y6 p8 [& o+ [; x3 x2 Isprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
5 a | t/ f, O/ nsprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 6 _8 U- C2 x4 @
/* display the information */ , |$ ^5 u( _. n4 X8 y
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 2 T: z1 y; z* T; m. C' s2 d7 u. b0 F
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange); $ J) t* N1 a4 h$ v" G& D
outtextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); " d4 p d( i& T2 D# H/ r0 [
/* clean up */
5 W. {) o, J$ \) s4 F" N) J# c8 egetch();
& C6 ^( h* e( m& z2 F* R) q- \closegraph(); 3 u3 v& ]. @7 p- w. I% @3 c$ a! o
return 0;
# e+ W( J, c, M6 ~0 _" \} # z+ n9 z- V& X1 W; F9 ^( K

% ] {9 g3 ~3 H9 L3 W3 N) W+ w$ w& Y2 i; R5 s% E" v8 O: N
函数名: getmaxy 
+ V6 ?; u+ q) ?! ~功能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标 & H1 A! j0 _4 e5 N" [7 K
用法: int far getmaxy(void); $ [+ J0 _3 Z, O7 r9 L, G; {
程序例: 
5 J$ _" ~& F/ K7 b; P3 m#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' B/ ?3 Z/ ^& N! _* }" ]* ?#include <STDLIB.H>* v' t( z) [4 G& [% Z; [; v
#include <STDIO.H>
 E$ V: V( O, f/ b e x#include <CONIO.H>
# c; G8 U6 h1 R F; A$ Q5 ^int main(void) : Z% T4 C& G% Q; h: V4 j
{
! a- [% n" h: }' a% [8 y6 E* v/* request auto detection */ 3 Z" z* F! p5 k# a; [1 W
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
! n8 u/ k8 g" Tint midx, midy;
9 b/ \ ~, Q$ H5 E* h; rchar xrange[80], yrange[80]; 0 Q2 O4 _2 Y. p9 I
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 4 S* ^$ K3 X% f# [2 G3 q% [
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
1 T5 D$ ]1 {2 n/* read result of initialization */
4 r7 U- T/ c$ I# W# _errorcode = graphresult();
( f4 S! T2 e* d' e4 s; @if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ' B, M1 Q2 |( E
{
$ L% i# }3 F0 O. j3 gprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); " U# q, u4 y2 n( R T& Y0 s
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 9 ` Q) N2 Z9 h: s: [( L6 h
getch(); ! I) W$ }. O! y
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
8 v' h0 N+ f9 w7 a7 H3 d0 h} 
6 a/ g- |% Y" j/ ^2 kmidx = getmaxx() / 2; . R4 Q0 q' X: B9 F9 N- x
midy = getmaxy() / 2; - h4 @9 d8 C& J9 o+ r9 n$ {6 `. [
/* convert max resolution values into strings */ + ^: m; H" x/ B& ^( g* v% z
sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
 d. T0 f" H/ s* X; T" g- bsprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
- R% b. P, f- K+ u( W j) A# z! `/* display the information */ , y1 l* @9 G6 Q7 R/ h
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); : P) L: z# p2 |" Z* [* v* z9 f
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
9 w& P( x0 k: O" Xouttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 1 X6 C$ a. K6 a4 a
/* clean up */ % y- N( a$ H8 ]. k! D5 [
getch();
' j* R0 I( r* Vclosegraph();
- }9 _4 F6 @3 G$ B/ O0 `+ treturn 0;
0 {: E J9 D8 u; Z} ' x3 D) a- |4 X* l; @+ h' E7 \
8 a" o. L( m) S; b2 [7 N& ]
函数名: getmodename 
9 n0 v! l/ T. r' W) \9 q功能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针 4 b& H" p* }9 c
用法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name); . }6 s3 ?6 t5 V" a- w/ ?6 m8 Y
程序例: ' ~6 {$ z, [7 I+ _( Z+ i# [9 P6 C
#include <GRAPHICS.H>! h/ Y. f8 O8 R& `3 `0 A f1 H
#include <STDLIB.H>' J3 S1 v0 a9 S2 a) s: G+ Q
#include <STDIO.H>
1 J% V) X: b# i y2 j( u#include <CONIO.H>
; f6 f* r: J0 A2 s+ I X% Iint main(void)
8 h+ l0 n/ O! t: r5 @{
2 N2 c) _) E: A0 F9 f6 F- [/* request autodetection */
: y) K5 ]4 H7 u$ Zint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
- V' d' W* q2 q* P* c, ^7 s+ H- Tint midx, midy, mode; $ o: W- M2 ?- Q B; y5 s& k
char numname[80], modename[80]; * l" x1 N4 p7 \( R8 x% q
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( d. \& o& [1 [8 }( winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 `& z- A# I/ {. B' ^1 q/* read result of initialization */ : }, Q1 @0 G) O/ g/ Y+ |+ n
errorcode = graphresult();
" o6 j# h. R% p, L9 X1 }if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ % r8 l- v, C# L
{
4 j: `9 }& a- _) E- z) a oprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % L5 O6 {; H9 l( W* q
printf("Press any key to halt:");
& Q. ^! y: j, \# o$ rgetch(); 4 R) r" e9 u S+ I4 b, m0 `
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 3 }& C" c3 U; l4 M
} 
4 V d" V% B# ^0 F' X; n6 s) Omidx = getmaxx() / 2;
" X2 ^' T8 Q! dmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
" T' Q, a, l* i9 S2 K) H }/* get mode number and name strings */
, Q2 W2 n$ Y B$ Bmode = getgraphmode();
! @$ L8 Q7 v# B. u; V; T' e! l( B6 dsprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode); 8 o& h" W9 p8 x
sprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); 3 u( U% o1 j. o( B6 w
/* display the information */
* E2 {) m. J3 X; p$ E- O' psettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); , i; m* c- ?. J8 I
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
! i7 o+ ?" \' }8 t9 c+ E# Mouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); 7 {& N5 t" O! Q- x3 c& V8 O8 Q
/* clean up */ . F( b; e5 g7 ?) f# K; N
getch();
" P, s3 {5 Z: h6 {1 [5 Xclosegraph();
7 E( l: S' I/ s, Breturn 0;
) Q0 C3 ^ X8 j" b; D} % U5 x' b n1 o/ D& I @, ]
* f' e- |- @6 |
: h' r+ O6 X1 |* J
函数名: getmoderange
- w/ ]) T1 Q7 u j2 I7 F" n8 _: r功能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围
0 ?5 d8 C! i9 d) y用法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode, 0 B& I4 j" G. c& }5 }1 e x0 s5 q; v9 _
int far *himode); ' D+ m: X, y5 k! i
程序例: J2 x( K. \# k! I6 b
#include <GRAPHICS.H>" f/ h3 S0 g* O' L) W
#include <STDLIB.H>
6 E* _* v5 K/ n: l! b#include <STDIO.H>
2 @& y1 @* | _: U9 d#include <CONIO.H>' O9 v( X8 k6 O+ [
int main(void) 0 s- V& ]# @* E
{
8 _% p- n9 g. J3 h3 Q/* request auto detection */
% b$ T4 g6 l. `6 pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ! [2 P# w1 B7 Y! ]/ R
int midx, midy; 1 N$ Z0 v* [: t. J ?* F- h
int low, high; + b, L, Y0 Q: j, c) i
char mrange[80]; ' c4 d$ w: b% A# w
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
* U; P1 i* I$ F# T( G" u" r5 Winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
' k k' j8 v- M, ^9 J2 p/* read result of initialization */ ) l& S% f" x7 G4 Z' b6 R" j
errorcode = graphresult(); + x, h; ~# e# j6 \1 Z/ E
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ , y# j6 Q# G- p
{
5 n- X6 }+ k$ y4 v; ~0 {5 t/ bprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ) W% R+ j, C2 h5 A- l: P% x+ p
printf("Press any key to halt:"); . C; H3 ?/ W( _" X- D1 X
getch(); 4 b) K- [) i- i0 ]
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ m* a" Q0 Q" {" \* g4 z$ O
} 3 h. k# u. S1 n9 w/ }& K* i: o
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
0 `3 B3 F9 ^2 ^- z- J( \- W7 H# Hmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
! A5 L" j* N; l% T: g6 {/* get the mode range for this driver */
6 `) d& H; f/ b+ W+ }5 f Dgetmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); 
$ {+ k m/ V' D/* convert mode range info. into strings */ 1 _* Q8 }$ Y! N3 v+ C+ ]& ^( ~, r
sprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); : `6 l* N1 ~$ @) R( w
/* display the information */
2 ?- t& [* F6 _, Csettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); - w0 h2 V6 R5 z4 u. @% z& d
outtextxy(midx, midy, mrange); # v# G7 s; i/ }- S% o; R
/* clean up */ 3 G. G% |6 {8 l3 j7 `1 Y
getch();
' B( H' w" E4 |$ N" [$ C. lclosegraph();
3 `! e% m. M; R( {& Y# x" G& Oreturn 0; ( P8 @4 h3 ^! k1 v
} / ]9 m4 f, b' p' D4 P2 W

+ }9 R# F9 i# F& d" N
" d4 |- |+ t- c7 E3 f' R4 T% B函数名: getpalette : K! S0 z) H' y8 V4 G- W
功能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息
9 O" b0 E+ X9 F0 F. U# y6 H用法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette);
5 P+ ]( ~" n. c2 r/ |: G程序例: 
, v+ l; k1 ` s+ K#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# D5 k7 d. W! `: O7 t5 h#include <STDLIB.H>' ]0 i. T4 ]0 ?# d8 b" K# p5 B
#include <STDIO.H>8 h' N" B6 c, v' D
#include <CONIO.H>
' y- @2 B6 _* i. X& cint main(void) 6 F; i! |- V! q. o/ V0 A7 L
{ - q+ h+ ^7 i( _- l( f; z
/* request auto detection */ 9 m! K4 p9 G* _
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
$ i3 m1 b- R3 h2 O% xstruct palettetype pal; 5 ~2 k( }9 Q- b1 L4 Q1 n
char psize[80], pval[20];
! ~( r% {" Z* R9 M& q3 u% X: uint i, ht;
, d0 k, \, f7 b8 r. Dint y = 10; 5 g- I# @4 R) ?, U- C5 a( i) e
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ & [* G; d' p! C8 i9 u
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
$ r e: S# X" L0 v/* read result of initialization */
: ]; i% k3 T5 }* Cerrorcode = graphresult();
# h2 }- K/ m% I/* an error occurred */ # D6 O- @. d- h% ?
if (errorcode != grOk) * l& j' [, i& d) p1 W1 i
{
$ X* l: T* d! z9 b8 \/ ?printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
% ]" u) T6 L; f( b; r1 C9 S; R$ w# Bgrapherrormsg(errorcode)); / U" X& y/ a" }
printf("Press any key to halt:");
" B$ a% S b y9 dgetch();
5 A) b% e" H$ ?7 K8 ~8 Q% {/* terminate with an error code */
" c6 b* d" y8 n, j7 N7 i( l; w- s8 Iexit(1); q# z0 l. O' _. y
} 
! y7 T, K" @3 w/* grab a copy of the palette */
' E: b( {6 ]* @+ Z( F; J# c. Mgetpalette(&pal); / M' f7 C' {1 u# b: f
/* convert palette info. into strings */
& V/ f3 I' {$ Z+ G' Y1 ksprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \
8 e, q- g: H" i( S: N+ Ymodifiable entries.", pal.size); 0 K6 v) | X* W8 b3 _
/* display the information */ : o( l/ ^* P6 H M9 N4 k2 ?: t
outtextxy(0, y, psize);
4 T' O% v' w7 J! t8 ?: uif (pal.size != 0) , d/ P7 l1 S! N: E/ z
{ : o/ C r$ Z: B
ht = textheight("W"); 3 n$ s( h% [0 f4 L
y += 2*ht; 5 R8 V/ A7 a$ [1 N L; J
outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \ 0 F: a6 e$ E, x y- m+ }
values:");
8 `% e9 ^. O/ \; ly += 2*ht; 6 y1 o3 o3 I0 f; P! t" H" l
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { ) ?* K2 g9 J8 J/ O2 y9 H
sprintf(pval,
: j4 J# f. i7 Z. E"palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i, " C" a) S) k5 P6 f5 ~5 i9 W8 g3 \
pal.colors); 4 ^ I4 ]+ q- v) Y7 d/ q
outtextxy(0, y, pval); 0 ?+ J! S' Y) X
} * [% A5 n% h: e
} , d$ }; K, r X
/* clean up */
( K3 U, V+ ~+ r$ [getch(); 5 I" @8 ^6 o' i3 t
closegraph(); 
- V) Y: V6 [6 A1 \return 0;
; }6 _ G* }' W& E} 4 y0 B9 A/ _: I: x# A1 \

/ d( k) d1 V( e5 X2 E" Q函数名: getpass 
9 B6 A& I5 u2 l0 N/ D功能: 读一个口令
3 F3 a: U/ P* Y用法: char *getpass(char *prompt); + i. b) V8 Y3 @$ a$ {4 W5 O9 E
程序例: 
7 u8 G5 q0 |4 N) r* w; U3 @#include <CONIO.H>
8 L) a3 }+ m3 @1 B$ iint main(void) 3 Z0 f4 V, A; q7 {
{ ! H+ s# M) p0 g& L' J& n$ k. E
char *password; , D- W/ f6 \* i$ R
password = getpass("Input a password:");
- i7 V: g( n1 K- Ocprintf("The password is: %s\r\n",
0 D0 ^- ] h5 H5 C* n: V S+ xpassword); G; V0 K% f6 F& Y. |, Z
return 0;
- c1 s3 L+ j5 T" w}
* z4 M' k( }& a$ b* W/ y4 n7 i) f1 r. E3 J; C; D+ D% O+ \
4 ~) R& Z6 @: B, \1 K' W

4 f$ x( I2 h0 U8 ]. u) V函数名: getpixel 3 A& ^# {& Y$ c- i) z9 W. U
功能: 取得指定像素的颜色
9 K( h- [- B" w0 N3 ]用法: int far getpixel(int x, int y); 1 D- L% Q8 W1 z* t
程序例: 
) J. M2 x! T# H1 S#include <GRAPHICS.H>
4 e1 t4 G7 k* x/ M" e( ?; p#include <STDLIB.H>) s6 a0 h; B) H3 C
#include <STDIO.H>
1 |# q# `7 B; U. {! q7 ?#include <CONIO.H>, V. O3 D: f l$ v, A8 b% a
#include <DOS.H>
 x; E8 @( H9 V0 O Y7 S#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000
2 B( R3 K6 k9 M#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */ 4 a: u0 Z' O; \% c4 S' z( n# M
int main(void) / d) ?, _( U, O4 z: E* u
{ * ?, A/ p9 ^& E" z' \" T
/* request auto detection */ # M/ D" N6 g& {
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; & y: p/ w% w' M) |4 L
int i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy,
! d+ d% P% m, V; Z# ~; |* X) ?; }1 fmaxcolor, seed; 
, p, H# K, v+ n* q+ a4 l/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" A& _+ u9 o; ]6 d% c: c" C( C2 binitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # i; E6 _6 |4 Z& m8 H4 K; _ U
/* read result of initialization */ 8 K3 r( D9 U5 f' i4 ?! n! ^
errorcode = graphresult();
. A: p* z% I% l: q3 ~4 b/ {/* an error occurred */
! D2 U# _4 [0 S, J ^3 b9 e7 kif (errorcode != grOk)
# Y# h1 K4 w8 l% w* F{ 8 ]* }( v& @4 k: j
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
; z( c. {# ~) S- Wgrapherrormsg(errorcode)); # K; w9 G; T& Q7 A+ H; v9 s s! n
printf("Press any key to halt:"); , J' I3 s2 E; }* C t5 r
getch(); 3 {# T- \* W: y$ Z0 k- g2 b3 l* e
/* terminate with an error code */ 4 R3 \- }, r) \6 \( j9 U$ D
exit(1); 7 k) d; i/ ]) l2 I) J4 \ l! ~
} 
# U0 r# q: ~" j( jmaxx = getmaxx() + 1; 3 y; X. N/ D! P( C
maxy = getmaxy() + 1;
* p4 G& M' c5 p8 H0 f9 pmaxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; 
, Z. W) i$ ?( i O: Pwhile (!kbhit())
7 q1 z. a7 ~7 r! W0 J: U3 Z{ / J, L/ Q) j2 c. v1 [4 z
/* seed the random number generator */ 1 W+ j9 E6 b" Z2 J P/ w. ]: Z
seed = random(32767);
( X6 S; D1 H8 v( xsrand(seed); * m; [1 _4 e, d4 V9 r
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
7 a) ]2 @5 R* N* r1 sx = random(maxx);
- \" K; I* M- @+ Z z( A) Ay = random(maxy);
6 c" r3 E0 r7 M% H6 Dcolor = random(maxcolor); . J w7 I; r$ ~6 E7 k, E% W5 P
putpixel(x, y, color); 7 L P1 N# w% a2 x1 ^
} 
; \5 O/ m/ S. Z( \% c7 k8 u' Q) c& w5 Qdelay(DELAY_TIME); u' v- P, s6 ^7 a3 { T
srand(seed); , s# a- [) t' r3 I
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; { + Z: h7 I- T$ y( ^
x = random(maxx); : N1 _0 {5 G* ?7 k9 k
y = random(maxy);
2 W1 f3 n( c: D2 S: s3 icolor = random(maxcolor);
# n& a) H) I8 d/ X( ?3 u/ nif (color == getpixel) 
& y, ~" i0 H/ M. \& s% W4 p( v函数名: gets 1 L9 N9 b* |: A: V3 k3 k
功能: 从流中取一字符串
; d4 ?/ K4 c; s: V0 B1 G7 Z# E1 B3 q用法: char *gets(char *string); " g7 G1 J; E0 |* H2 y0 Y1 ?
程序例: & d" |1 E8 r1 q) G# I! W ^
#include <STDIO.H>8 Z7 ~" U2 j, N( B
int main(void) ! w& ?% i( q3 B$ n. n8 v
{
) {, _: F( y/ K5 R1 I9 hchar string[80]; 
2 B. J# p. r: `5 I! rprintf("Input a string:"); ! Z2 a, R2 v6 v7 z3 ?" i
gets(string); 8 _1 m" c( Y* a; N
printf("The string input was: %s\n", * a1 D/ T" ~+ A: w' u
string);
9 a$ j& C; U4 X, k5 Greturn 0;
8 m2 T0 Y$ C: s4 `; ~}
& t, g# x7 a0 N; }9 s `' p/ K2 t' w2 _( T1 q7 t$ x/ r& e+ H$ g
' c1 s* x: a6 v {3 u H
函数名: gettext 8 k- U! S: W i" V7 w ]
功能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区 2 I G% P5 ~8 u |
用法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin); $ s# c x3 K1 ?' i$ g
程序例: 7 ~1 I4 A$ O2 V( ~0 u
#include <CONIO.H>& V G, i# A( f; U
char buffer[4096]; 3 ~) v9 r k3 b9 w# ^: _
int main(void)
7 v8 F- A6 M' W* E: Y8 W{
6 z( U# g9 O' Y! J# _' Tint i; / O; p# \9 ]% n# ?3 B2 A' p
clrscr();
4 V% {( h3 _% O/ b# x" kfor (i = 0; i <= 20; i++)
( b$ b' v R& p& ~- x* @cprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i);
# T3 `4 [# Q( G2 Mgettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
; k I5 w4 t$ Pgotoxy(1, 25); % V+ R. e0 Y, H2 v4 R( [
cprintf("Press any key to clear screen...");
! {' p+ D3 i/ o9 K( _1 p- ngetch(); ! ]. v+ _9 O4 U5 ]' Y
clrscr(); * W( z0 w- c. `7 e A% M1 j8 L
gotoxy(1, 25);
) f. I& I4 U: o7 ~+ h# C1 U9 a( `" o# Ucprintf("Press any key to restore screen..."); 6 [7 N6 c6 N! v, v
getch();
8 B% F6 L( ~! Iputtext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
( I2 F; e+ V, Rgotoxy(1, 25);
/ j& @$ h% |- N& e6 }4 o& \8 ccprintf("Press any key to quit..."); . _* g% L9 k* ]% m
getch();
, ]+ v3 d1 [5 Q' {$ U& a8 zreturn 0; 7 P# X0 }; @* p9 x
}
9 e \2 d K/ ]) N- I; y9 l& D' _: J) j; S7 w8 O

8 r7 `$ A+ X. p6 l+ r: _; r函数名: gettextinfo . v: N% w% R5 G* {5 T6 r
功能: 取得文本模式的显示信息 , S, \9 t! S( Q$ s
用法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec); F$ V2 X; M5 C u# E# R+ \
程序例: 
- p+ a. S+ |1 ^0 z+ O A t#include <CONIO.H> r% m+ Y; B% G0 h' e1 u0 @* }. v
int main(void)
) @; w' s/ j$ H{ ! O1 G# t0 q6 R# D
struct text_info ti;
# o$ x/ M J: C/ [* B5 C. Fgettextinfo(&ti);
' v% C' L: Z3 Z5 zcprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft);
% }) S' z! z- o0 e# i6 Zcprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop);
7 r* Z! @ c; Xcprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright); # o! S( Q% {( l/ v/ P$ h+ r
cprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom);
 i3 Z) D2 ]2 Scprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute);
+ R4 n7 N7 b' l8 qcprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr); + [' p. f2 K/ @6 W, r, `
cprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode);
' @7 }8 G4 A# z5 N4 ]+ D* E; Icprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight); P4 G f5 z! H& \
cprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth); / d. g1 G/ @$ {) s2 X
cprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx);
" T0 g3 |) X9 }3 @) ~! ~( ^7 A& ?cprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury); ' O) ? ]1 t: {- g/ B! V
return 0; , L: j4 z; W0 `
}
/ n. G; V; p1 w. ]: [' z% {/ ]7 W; {( D# T
' M, o5 ?( l9 R! i2 ~+ k
函数名: gettextsettings # p8 I9 k& h7 z/ M4 B+ ^
功能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息 7 c, H* r5 {" D: \7 o; H) a7 Z g+ S
用法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo);
$ }7 d1 q$ b- R) ]& I/ l程序例: 
! c7 M, J' U0 Z& Z: z#include <GRAPHICS.H>: H3 U% u Q& ?
#include <STDLIB.H>; I$ X# Z$ H. j) A
#include <STDIO.H>: Z% W4 h9 H4 O3 G) ?3 B
#include <CONIO.H>! V$ v4 ]5 @+ R( R8 X- M: B% ]9 t
/* the names of the fonts supported */ + o3 n/ R- v' r6 m" V3 X( g; Y3 x' a
char *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT",
" k# w* c/ r: Y+ o( j( j& I- K"TRIPLEX_FONT", 5 y4 ~- Y! P& N5 a
"SMALL_FONT",
- J4 q- k+ F) J& d% n! t"SANS_SERIF_FONT",
1 S0 ]' U4 I0 M; i1 q* @"GOTHIC_FONT"
' o, E) Z9 b- n7 z# C}; . S2 k: K! @' ^; n; e# Z
/* the names of the text directions supported */ * K' ]) O8 X$ T
char *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" }; ( c$ ^5 N6 L' M3 Y7 R
/* horizontal text justifications supported */ 7 U- d/ |3 }+ N2 m3 W9 d% {) A4 Y
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" }; & k1 m: a4 ^" {0 `" u6 x
/* vertical text justifications supported */ . c8 F" X5 F7 d
char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" }; ! m& u; o% a6 D' ^6 `. n
int main(void)
" i2 R' V9 X2 l2 Q0 k, S4 O2 ?{
1 r+ A+ b' |6 Z: Y/* request auto detection */
* o- p" ^, P5 vint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ t- J' m1 {; `" @ I
struct textsettingstype textinfo; 6 S+ v; U6 [8 Z
int midx, midy, ht;
$ j( g5 f! Q4 |- Achar fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80];
( o- h. m6 k& {$ Dchar hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; / j: _0 v' e6 E% R
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
1 {1 J$ Y o0 h/ ninitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
4 l7 v7 J" r0 @, m" V! M+ K7 I/* read result of initialization */ 1 M4 D, |7 x6 L6 r5 X0 I
errorcode = graphresult(); ; _: T+ i" ~, o# ]/ o6 H
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
* N( N6 s0 x5 S0 a2 V{
4 L% b4 a3 M7 q) _* e' {printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
$ f6 M" ? J. X: b' d( g" |0 Q+ Gprintf("Press any key to halt:"); . h5 z* e3 z/ R- M% u1 ^+ a# L
getch(); / S! Q0 j) U3 M( b/ w+ Z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ T0 h) n. {, X
} 8 u9 y* a5 j F7 j
midx = getmaxx() / 2; ) K8 F2 b1 v( _
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ( v8 `$ d; H6 e3 \7 f! l1 T' [
/* get information about current text settings */
0 a3 q+ ~" Q# P; k( C$ w6 p4 bgettextsettings(&textinfo); ) u* u9 A" _* D) _
/* convert text information into strings */
( ~) p" o$ I L; g6 ]sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]); , R3 z5 i2 }& A3 s( z2 H
sprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]); 1 N q" c9 ~, O
sprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize);
' `% H( A# z/ G2 {$ d# B' Ssprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.",
& U1 h; \/ i; ^7 D2 e1 vhjust[textinfo.horiz]); 7 f0 C0 A: y6 W+ E' E6 L+ O5 F( C
sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.", 4 J7 E) p: q; \3 U \1 `
vjust[textinfo.vert]); 
; |1 X( E0 P0 H' [1 x5 Z/* display the information */ 7 J$ B2 G- j/ j' D+ Q
ht = textheight("W");
- R( m7 |7 X7 t$ K2 R3 g6 ~, Ssettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); " e1 M# v8 {6 k. G; C2 l3 @2 q
outtextxy(midx, midy, fontstr); # n; E4 Y' J; x& c& i2 Q2 r3 f3 R
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr); % z2 t9 i8 v% h8 q* D( E
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr);
' Z6 Q8 n) o9 w+ M- {( y! Q9 t% jouttextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr);
, y$ e' B& @& O2 S+ t) V- uouttextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); . X" X. V; i8 o( d
/* clean up */ ! A. y2 G4 U2 F0 |* J; m
getch();
, Y) B U, y6 M6 {% y# d9 zclosegraph(); & F( N$ Y( \" b H6 ]5 f
return 0;
- z. }7 B6 N, R" I} 4 h u* v/ i v2 h$ L2 U
 I9 W: m7 G8 W# a' p7 N
函数名: gettime 
$ a) T% H2 `4 f. F' ~功能: 取得系统时间 3 Q m5 c" H+ k
用法: void gettime(struct time *timep);
( M! L( ]0 Z" m7 u5 a# b! c' P4 z+ p程序例: . V0 P7 x' ^, B# w; u' A, k- a
#include <STDIO.H>
- Q0 e8 N2 t- u: a5 v& H5 j#include <DOS.H>' r# J B. E0 B! L
int main(void)
9 I1 Y, C! L6 h{ 5 o A; b% b* q
struct time t; 
' b- w, x) S A2 ngettime(&t); - j4 L8 j; n( d* _, ^! L
printf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n",
& u" w# L+ q+ Q! W& v V4 At.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund); ' o$ e6 P* c$ m
return 0;
$ G7 d* J, ` R# _( v6 q}
/ u: x- v9 p7 U: W7 X0 v( O: b5 j' L8 ^' p. Y. Z$ [3 F

2 D6 K5 F6 B. D/ v. _) V% v
2 i9 R( R% v9 ~函数名: getvect # T- i& @$ U1 d/ j' |3 V
功能: 取得中断向量入口
 G' l# A6 [7 p) n* \# H$ i& W用法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num));
5 G* A; K5 Z, a+ `5 U程序例: : {: F5 v: X* P2 K& q( E
#include <STDIO.H>
9 M) Z. S* c0 F8 v#include <DOS.H>
7 H i% X( L* T& G+ E; fvoid interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */ 
4 z9 c" S U! G3 ?void interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */
5 V, B- g& B/ z' T- W @: Q' hint looping = 1; 
6 B+ L. T* c4 b. gint main(void) " K( E0 T+ S l# u
{ % ~6 g, L) D, J& T7 J
puts("Press <SHIFT><PRT Sc>to terminate"); & u ]0 Q6 A6 I& _# y
/* save the old interrupt */ + X; @6 d9 | N% ~( `
oldfunc = getvect(5); 6 e( N$ `( i$ F+ K' ? b
/* install interrupt handler */
4 Q: ^, S/ e2 q% j5 P4 {* U" E3 ^ lsetvect(5,get_out); 4 @, o/ y$ R6 b. X4 w' [
/* do nothing */
/ y4 i' H; w1 X- R: }9 \/ ^+ fwhile (looping); 
& G3 I% T( | E1 j/* restore to original interrupt routine */ ) p& t: T* _+ Q
setvect(5,oldfunc); * o4 v9 A$ P/ X) f$ }
puts("Success");
. @. T0 z% A y! R" Oreturn 0; # X) U3 _- ?9 y. G/ y% I E
}
: T5 Q. G% e% \: D2 gvoid interrupt get_out() " I5 C' B( ` r. O3 w d: Q& E. \
{ 1 f3 S0 m, l W% ]/ W
looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */ / [2 z3 ~+ x! b' k
}
! T" l& N8 Q1 K& [( }& l' U0 v4 z& N
+ D1 W7 p) Z0 B; S
函数名: getverify . p8 d0 t3 i# v9 g* b
功能: 返回DOS校验标志状态 , Y8 M, j2 _1 u! r5 e: d. V- B1 Y' Y. X4 k& n
用法: int getverify(void); 9 N- i$ P5 H2 |2 Z
程序例: : i9 y/ D& H8 x$ p8 u4 a% t+ k8 B
#include <STDIO.H>
; D4 `9 P4 C- R4 H6 h#include <DOS.H>2 G% S' j1 I$ w/ f6 U! g
int main(void) : B4 a. M+ B9 o4 s3 G7 l6 f* |' K
{ # ^( e! {" J! p
if (getverify()) * o+ S! n. J' r( @8 W* y% Y: |6 v
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); 6 {* K' d! |* ~! C0 |# N& k( s
else 6 G( b3 u; e6 O; y% D1 i8 i
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n");
" ]* C6 [, F1 Z% j+ C: P& G' Breturn 0;
8 i& @/ j: T, O9 L" T$ p}
2 `: A' a3 ?+ n6 d. ]+ Y ]& e% l7 B7 \6 c
函数名: getviewsetting 5 M, |4 r. o! r8 k. g
功能: 返回有关当前视区的信息
7 h! X8 S* ?* r9 Q& U0 `用法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport); " G9 N0 E4 n0 J" X3 k( c/ S# _
程序例: 
' `$ A0 o7 B, G, g6 c#include <GRAPHICS.H>( j _9 U. N' _6 |* P- u; p& x
#include <STDLIB.H>! d9 u) }! `# a D
#include <STDIO.H>
% f5 L: H; [6 |0 [6 Q# p2 f! U* T#include <CONIO.H>
& ^" @9 f; L& {" ]/ B% i; r' lchar *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" }; 
* x# j& J( B3 U% ]$ K4 B6 fint main(void)
# p6 W& l- f* ~1 e{ 9 q: d3 f- _; w$ @; i& }
/* request auto detection */ ' \4 |8 M. T+ |& e
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 4 a. e' G. g: w: p5 |, u, Z$ J
struct viewporttype viewinfo; 9 o5 W6 S% ^( V8 u+ ^
int midx, midy, ht;
$ V m) X O7 _% X- d8 E, n) ^char topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; 8 U) C6 c5 O" j4 ^& Y
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ + g. ^: c6 x i# u
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
4 s0 g- N) l# C6 e0 W; Z/* read result of initialization */ 0 h5 b' L8 u, H5 g) M
errorcode = graphresult();
6 M, X- r3 L! Lif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
 f8 h @& q( E% m) {{
1 ~) w1 x" U* k; `printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 r D. s4 B2 j: ?# nprintf("Press any key to halt:");
, N7 s0 v E! G3 F; n# \6 Zgetch(); / |7 Y, P! V# z* |& _
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
8 x& C9 m, u; z2 \+ ?} 
 ]! K5 C; {, U3 }, w$ vmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
1 W0 e; }1 `2 P9 X- j5 hmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
; P- ^8 F U4 u/* get information about current viewport */ . Y! H8 ^- T) ]$ V3 ], D
getviewsettings(&viewinfo); 5 J% F, O& C* o c; F
/* convert text information into strings */
6 p) z+ [. e3 @& ~! {( Ksprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", 3 M/ I3 v% n+ r1 L
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top);
+ Y$ T! @* B% I: Y! Q. j3 t( J( esprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.",
' b/ b7 Y# x0 O \! lviewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom);
+ U9 Z9 o0 }# P/ v2 `% Wsprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); 9 b* n5 a6 i1 G8 m7 g) G. h* H0 M6 {
/* display the information */
+ j! [( R+ g1 w8 i9 k+ D1 e, v% o; Xsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
- \: ?, l% K( @# A' n" h$ J5 w" Tht = textheight("W");
0 E1 \* O" v$ C" t1 ?outtextxy(midx, midy, topstr); # n; ?* ^6 B b- Z9 ]8 B1 w' |
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr);
 R [/ M) z. A5 h" r# Youttextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); 
( `2 \- ~ S1 `4 n* X% D/* clean up */
6 s [+ W4 r& n! hgetch();
/ M9 s% H" p% ?4 l Vclosegraph();
! T' l- M3 k" R( X6 o" freturn 0;
: f5 b# \" \0 u/ K% G' G7 H2 U' j} 
1 F0 A" J2 g$ ~6 _. a3 {
, A r9 Y$ B/ c5 H4 H3 T: L' w6 D2 P C& u# d
函数名: getw 
3 C" z4 ^ _* J! p% r+ {. B功能: 从流中取一整数 : l% j% |8 ^, G7 |
用法: int getw(FILE *strem);
$ s% T+ l& t3 u' ?' q程序例: ) D$ _5 K3 Z& ]+ H6 r/ B9 T
#include <STDIO.H>4 L0 V6 Z/ ~1 h. a) S3 P8 x ^
#include <STDLIB.H>: B3 E% q1 M! A3 C
#define FNAME "test.$$$" / y9 U8 t! X3 v3 x, |3 |( h2 C
int main(void) 5 W$ \$ I8 G8 o, \- q8 y
{
% k, h1 a6 A0 U8 r$ _FILE *fp;
9 z' X' b( z! T9 {int word; ' W- x$ L# A" i9 }* l6 b' ^
/* place the word in a file */
" [' x" D9 x+ w9 u# ?0 D1 hfp = fopen(FNAME, "wb");
% @! G) i2 ]3 \" |if (fp == NULL)
/ A ^. q" T# L9 R/ w{
! o4 _7 n0 D8 J1 \printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); ) d" V9 d# }4 x/ j9 i6 ]
exit(1);
8 t4 C: Y' F& p+ ~; }} 
/ i8 l3 L/ \: a6 A9 v, qword = 94; \, c2 D- z5 m' l& {0 J
putw(word,fp);
2 y1 v# ]! X5 n" e; vif (ferror(fp))
0 L5 r% H" u3 k ^2 aprintf("Error writing to file\n");
" X/ o# q9 F/ ~ L5 X# t1 Pelse
% ]" m7 O( q# b+ [( v) ~printf("Successful write\n"); " C0 O/ }, I& g2 [' a) h
fclose(fp); / Y: c3 W# z/ w7 R
/* reopen the file */ - ]/ f+ e# P+ O8 `# U$ W
fp = fopen(FNAME, "rb"); 6 \- H. t7 `/ w$ U/ l
if (fp == NULL)
3 w# p$ |% f1 g6 v, [; g# F{ - O. D7 o3 a0 \; \% B
printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME);
3 U' W/ W* w5 u q+ o4 x: ?3 Qexit(1); 4 u) q8 _. O6 X; G3 q
} # l9 K4 j. B6 X
/* extract the word */
1 G, I ?" c8 L# L0 jword = getw(fp);
! x. s$ }1 `/ G* P& @+ N' W4 Yif (ferror(fp)) 4 u1 S! h1 y- N) b! E- o g+ D
printf("Error reading file\n"); 4 u3 `' [* j) e+ W; w. p
else 5 }, V8 J! Y( w9 S+ S0 n6 o
printf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); 
/ K! D: I) U$ Y) T& ]5 m% E/ k" L5 b/* clean up */ , N& n3 P9 e! r/ j: x
fclose(fp);
& Q+ P1 y: t- W+ Z+ }! u, x4 ?; Munlink(FNAME); * D/ L) g* z# m. j( |
return 0;
. Q* g- i* Q% n9 s. s} 
$ h! d E" L* f; h) n _
1 X0 @9 Q2 R! s$ @- g$ g$ v$ S
% U' P8 c1 A$ b1 e
/ p+ Y, |. O3 ?函数名: getx 
$ @5 w; Y. k# K) B3 g功能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标 : M* A/ y% Y- s; d+ k# d7 \
用法: int far getx(void); : J; x0 N1 D* Y) V
程序例: 
8 e) S8 i2 w) p; q- b" b' b#include <GRAPHICS.H>* O: B( q$ l- M) t9 X+ G
#include <STDLIB.H>
% {# ^# ]- x5 X. I, `#include <STDIO.H>
) S* y2 |, W$ M/ `#include <CONIO.H>
9 F: n' x) @% pint main(void) 1 }7 a1 g: t, s( v, S3 x
{
# V) \- ~1 E3 w/* request auto detection */
2 X7 @! j/ M2 u0 {8 T+ Jint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 2 u: ]8 m' ^: t* o. J: ~8 c" k% D" @( ]
char msg[80]; 
& t4 t9 J1 J) E: r% |) i/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: v& c; h% P, }1 binitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 ^& A. p6 j+ l/* read result of initialization */
& K' A& \# {( }, serrorcode = graphresult();
* g: D* n' Y( t O+ n3 yif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ & t' b% r R4 p3 ]: _ k# Q
{ 2 ?) g t4 t+ k
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
# U, A2 N2 x) ~8 d3 \3 B" Xprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 0 m/ Q5 l2 D0 j& n
getch(); / d& ^; H) u+ w5 E3 [8 G, r
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ( e' O# W! Z: ?# p
} 
$ t! s2 s1 ~4 c* u. ?/* move to the screen center point */
4 @6 G$ |5 v; [/ u; xmoveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); $ y0 n# U4 `( m
/* create a message string */
: M1 O, h" y* \5 S2 f1 g8 u6 ] s) Ysprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 
+ l, }, M% H! ]5 i! h2 [! b/* display the message */
3 J3 C& H" w( c/ D4 z1 }3 [4 xouttext(msg); 
4 I0 `8 w# \# b) G g/* clean up */
0 b) i, K* v' D5 w5 agetch();
; `2 o7 Z# M5 x) B. F6 }3 Tclosegraph();
# b8 t2 b1 s# z: C+ q1 p: W' ureturn 0;
* F7 g8 c, p( Y9 h" J+ Z& }} 
; z2 m# u0 z2 [1 Y( p. b' G, c+ ~! h! y k% F, r) q' y! Q

' x' Y' e3 Q4 Z8 z2 P函数名: gety 0 Q+ M4 z& x- U# f( P% I( ~
功能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标
- W1 y; @2 s0 `! G0 W用法: int far gety(void); # o Y c* [% h1 Z
程序例: 9 j4 A3 o) d. D. b
#include <GRAPHICS.H>: }8 I) X$ i. u' s' G9 h% Y
#include <STDLIB.H>
! U% h- F, [# b0 B: {# V3 N7 |#include <STDIO.H>/ X$ H0 F7 E( j2 I( B7 O
#include <CONIO.H>2 C; M1 ?: W9 t i2 z- l
int main(void)
5 b) N1 I# E V- \, {8 s{
7 x7 i8 t/ G# I: G4 e4 ]/* request auto detection */ 4 y, ~) _0 z7 R6 x
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
! V- x2 b+ }; _7 Bchar msg[80]; 
" _2 l8 |' ], G5 z) P; f/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . _# i+ ^( c. V5 N/ l5 K
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 6 q2 j! S% ~8 V0 i& y4 G
/* read result of initialization */
) Z6 I* f" N2 e& A3 uerrorcode = graphresult();
 c9 ~# _3 p7 [; q3 ~! \if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 8 x# N) G6 L4 v& h& b- b% l8 O/ W+ m
{ 0 y! |& R8 E1 z* ~5 R
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; O! p! A$ k$ b7 Oprintf("Press any key to halt:");
7 o$ C+ P+ _# s( q; hgetch(); ~! ]% B! O5 {8 u$ J
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 }- ?& Z# C+ E6 Q) V$ G4 N
} 
) y5 I. o! O/ P/* move to the screen center point */
& { ?7 v1 D# Gmoveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 
7 ]& W7 U; \9 d2 I: D: @7 w* f/* create a message string */
1 K: \- H7 B+ ^9 o, }9 \sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 2 f- Y' w3 S" Z' Y% h
/* display the message */
8 p: N, B9 }$ |outtext(msg); 4 |. s$ i3 _& I: d
/* clean up */
* s0 v7 g# {$ B- W$ }3 n& F2 w7 n: }getch(); - z& |5 b7 R1 ?. z! ~
closegraph();
; [% F* w7 y9 a8 Yreturn 0;
: N( i7 _$ W6 d$ ~} 4 C( I1 I- N1 K) }% {4 X/ z

7 N" ?, H; W- S/ e5 ^3 z( a. I3 o6 Z+ Y
函数名: gmtime * j% m9 J& f- A/ c' i
功能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT) $ Q, L, u) F) i
用法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock); ) p/ Q2 W" [1 \; m1 H$ y
程序例: " {& L6 o; K- h$ Y2 G
#include <STDIO.H>
# {* ~$ B6 R, @7 P#include <STDLIB.H>
' {, ?6 |4 N* d0 h: R6 ]#include <TIME.H>
* ?9 S: N2 _9 k: o+ j. c6 E% G#include <DOS.H>
/ l+ h; @) C1 Y8 p. _5 M/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */
1 J ~- C C1 {+ |7 z' ichar *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; 
6 ]" J/ a: n( W: Jint main(void)
% `/ Y; G& ?' d, p, _, \{ ! W; u0 H% Z7 m% f9 E
time_t t;
, r- U/ X7 r0 C7 _& zstruct tm *gmt, *area; 
, ?8 C% d5 w" k- {putenv(tzstr); % ?; u6 R4 m, m
tzset(); 
; U+ M# m$ a& d" q0 d0 ]1 J7 r* it = time(NULL); ; K1 G) G$ M. @! f- G
area = localtime(&t); 9 S( n8 D6 e2 ~0 v4 v1 ~' x1 K
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area));
; I2 Y( B' k" B" g4 s* b `7 ngmt = gmtime(&t); : }& i6 u! j+ k7 D
printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt)); 2 B7 g$ ?/ m3 I$ x, `. @. ~
return 0;
: o( v0 ]/ ]! G8 W$ h& p8 J. |} 3 h! y& c1 ?3 r

4 @ I, Z$ c! u! b& H% E5 _: N
+ c$ T/ A* K" g- d& c1 i/ \函数名: gotoxy 
( Z+ t) A" a9 I- c2 H1 L8 C# u功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
) T/ D/ k7 k& O7 `用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
& w% P! U6 z# K, o" V3 W程序例: 7 a' o* k/ F# [8 [1 \3 @9 v
#include <CONIO.H>3 S, r2 U5 k1 z+ j& P
int main(void) 6 x2 k- }$ a/ T- M7 h
{ 0 H. o8 z) A0 q- Q' z
clrscr();
0 Z1 e) o2 e' s: H) @# [gotoxy(35, 12);
2 R9 k* Y! J {" ecprintf("Hello world"); 8 T0 d8 A, I2 D, }# T
getch(); / {1 F- n/ |. d; G/ `, ?
return 0;
2 d6 J# {7 C8 O9 F* i) B} , `, e3 s. ]; n5 i

- T# k0 Z+ m+ R8 `5 a6 }
! a# | C0 `& a, k$ o5 f函数名: gotoxy 6 _9 K+ B9 @9 `
功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
8 q$ B* b: V9 T; _用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y); 7 b, z' ?& a) o! L5 R
程序例: # N5 T3 |# @, P; F$ Z( S8 ^0 n
#include <CONIO.H>" o+ v9 E9 F& `8 _ ^' p
int main(void)
! p N5 |' C6 R{
. S. M2 Q# P2 z: `clrscr();
0 ~: r' W" v/ L5 b0 U0 bgotoxy(35, 12);
+ k) \$ Z% i# H2 z! Pcprintf("Hello world"); " \" Z" }, }" d" i; P, c" l# O( I6 L
getch();
: h- W" |; K- N9 p& @+ preturn 0;
. T* E+ W4 }0 i; ~' u5 R}
1 G v& b1 ?' f# {1 i( ^, J# f( e% O# }% h8 ~/ q

8 w# M+ z% C/ R函数名: graphdefaults 
: z1 J: \: O; c- u- F) ~功能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值 0 A& S, P) P/ e: y. m
用法: void far graphdefaults(void);
* l4 k+ I! ]* v+ z! H程序例: 
! b, V- o; F* Q" ~6 }1 g#include <GRAPHICS.H>
7 G* Z% T: I, e3 x, t' r6 h#include <STDLIB.H>
/ s- k; s: g! _. |; d0 \#include <STDIO.H>: s2 {8 ?* v$ s7 w7 n
#include <CONIO.H>
5 \4 v% {- Y. |! x1 hint main(void) 8 K' Z( y- ]) C7 R2 H* j) C
{
8 d# n- e0 \' D8 k0 n& O+ ]/* request auto detection */ " |: e0 ]7 V: t
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
9 Z. }7 X$ T3 G$ s0 Uint maxx, maxy; s7 E" P) A& S5 ]/ l
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ! q6 }" G& i+ w2 u
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); 
) C' H# O4 Y. _8 x/* read result of initialization */
' D' e5 i& V( J3 ~0 |7 Ierrorcode = graphresult();
1 ?: e! J8 R/ z' A6 Y* Y" V# Wif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ) k* I) ^) O6 z; y
{ + S2 Y* ~: z$ V' W. M- ^1 Z
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); N3 W3 B. q/ f& f; r
printf("Press any key to halt:"); $ R6 \7 z; R5 Q9 ?; t0 B
getch();
. ^( |# A3 V( Y7 r) v/ x& gexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ; x7 s; [/ [- q; t( U
} $ K* T3 [; g5 e+ Z" h
maxx = getmaxx();
$ }. j+ z; O( `8 y+ x( Rmaxy = getmaxy(); 
- m2 g- ?8 Q. p6 X/* output line with non-default settings */
$ i! k$ k* S+ h; k- j/ A0 ~4 o: {setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3);
5 w9 ~3 c+ b1 D5 ?5 q+ gline(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
" r. E( T- _9 r$ L6 i- ~outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored."); 1 u9 | J3 m9 ]) T0 P
getch(); 
: I0 O1 j6 O; f7 y3 A! g/* restore default values for everything */ # o& o# b& R4 p: T) ?
graphdefaults(); 
& x0 p' w2 F: ]5 q# I+ M- F; T/* clear the screen */ ( r5 C, [4 t1 z7 e% G$ v
cleardevice(); - o- }2 e z# \
/* output line with default settings */
+ y+ Q8 ~; S/ ~3 @ xline(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
! x; K$ @2 F9 s; p5 aouttextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); 
/ ^4 z+ R4 K/ |3 U- n7 t/* clean up */ 6 m+ @# L4 a% A% x. D, C
getch(); ^$ R" a* G: f
closegraph(); * v$ u" ]; s, b9 o
return 0; ' k6 \& O3 X$ V
} # g, F- C. W8 O: K
. L0 s3 s& H& z0 \; w) Y- g

6 b# A( O5 P& k6 P! c函数名: grapherrormsg ) d9 ~0 z! p" R w+ u; o
功能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针 h( c; l# Y% F
用法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode);
# ]( \" w+ g/ v% B- y程序例: : ]0 H+ k5 ?1 h' G$ I: k5 n
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
0 Z% a1 K! L' E: F& H% B$ v8 T7 ^#include <STDLIB.H>
- E5 Q1 Q8 W/ F) i; o! T#include <STDIO.H>
, |) N. g# D1 i, m1 C#include <CONIO.H>9 y/ k2 P" E t5 R2 t! m6 K5 o4 G
#define NONSENSE -50 8 F% \$ a" z) U8 c1 ~
int main(void) 1 L" a U4 E; W8 l
{
2 m( J* h% @5 W5 [# U3 ^8 _) i/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */ 5 I5 o4 Q0 z" M, \8 D7 _
int gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; 
6 ^1 |: W$ w) q' w0 |2 t/* initialize graphics mode */
9 g. u# w0 X. m; \initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
; R D/ A8 X: A& n2 n) X) ]5 R/* read result of initialization */
7 i2 E3 u# c( [* f& M4 V* ?( j3 L7 Kerrorcode = graphresult(); s/ i, a+ s( K7 A# v
/* if an error occurred, then output a */
) d1 j+ T7 i# w7 d/* descriptive error message. */ , J" G5 q1 b3 c8 ]+ B8 m6 L
if (errorcode != grOk)
) t E2 j: o' i) n{
6 T. R# b j: J5 D# Y, ?1 y8 Wprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * j3 ^% `' ], ]0 x) v! `5 f! g' g
printf("Press any key to halt:");
! K5 g; W( V6 c. b7 j6 Z. }: F Y# @getch(); 2 ~( \, |5 g6 O; P0 |
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ B2 [3 K& k0 k5 O2 [3 C- }} 
. z1 T0 ~+ O0 w8 S7 T" }( ?$ ~+ O/* draw a line */ , W, D# v' |1 Q6 A) f4 z" Y
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
2 Z" L1 _+ l' H/ s. Z9 J0 C( h/* clean up */
; v9 q8 l9 o3 B$ Y% B/ rgetch();
& T4 i# P, e9 w; v. p9 s& d9 _closegraph();
; ~5 i' h. q1 l( s: ireturn 0; % h% T+ z, N8 _8 {7 G, h' g n
}
0 R/ \" d3 x: U& g/ u( k/ R l$ B9 j7 c- e' `+ Z5 `" C6 \
5 K, A( S3 f/ G" r
函数名: graphresult ! `9 g U5 s$ o+ h+ B* `* q5 Y
功能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码 5 Z( G' k9 s6 Q4 r1 @* N1 A/ {0 @
用法: int far graphresult(void);
( Y G$ U/ Y5 X0 Z$ C程序例: 
# }1 Y6 z, x. M2 @6 ~/ N3 A#include <GRAPHICS.H>5 d1 O" w6 z4 i% T
#include <STDLIB.H>
- {$ i5 o3 H1 r2 h1 W" ^#include <STDIO.H>% t5 h9 ~7 \8 n" o/ I
#include <CONIO.H>
: ?9 K4 C2 Y2 E5 k* Zint main(void) 3 |8 E* W$ c2 X1 `2 G* Z
{
5 b- X! ^ M- k/ ?% ~" n3 g5 H( J( c/* request auto detection */ , m: `/ g6 y" l
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' \4 v, s5 ]$ C9 t; }# b$ Z
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( ^2 T4 o H$ B9 H4 I" {& Winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 z9 D5 F" C* X! I
/* read result of initialization */ % I4 f5 [) o$ n+ |; M ^' ]
errorcode = graphresult(); 
2 z/ c7 x; J8 Eif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
 q; a! S3 Y" L, [; D7 Z{ & j8 I7 a6 i) h0 ?- M
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 0 l B; \; ~3 l" b
printf("Press any key to halt:");
% M2 j4 x( B7 r% g# t" Q8 jgetch(); 5 K4 ]& r7 K( l u @
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ $ [% f6 ^/ R5 G5 Y4 i
} : ~- G3 G; F9 G, Z3 g2 M
/* draw a line */ 9 ~' M8 V3 i1 V
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
" A' T, i X: O( {" m: `7 H/* clean up */
: t' f* ]9 X# Tgetch();
+ g6 P+ E7 K, `! Gclosegraph(); ) Z) i0 \; v* d# A2 ?
return 0;
" W8 v8 [6 {( Z9 o( |/ Y' ]}
6 w; o: l- z0 b0 \ H- {; |; H8 L5 n) m" U
函数名: _graphfreemem ' A j- D: |& i, R8 E
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数 i. X) l y- ?" e! E
用法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size); $ Q r, z' P, l2 f
程序例: 
* S' y7 I2 U( e+ T8 {* B#include <GRAPHICS.H>
1 ` C, T, |2 Z#include <STDLIB.H>" }* `* @% \9 C4 x6 }' ~1 e, l
#include <STDIO.H>
! Z+ H" Y. Y9 M#include <CONIO.H>
$ z, L, y: A; a5 f5 L% ?3 O y" ]4 w#include <ALLOC.H>+ [9 n. ~- \ h, W E# }
int main(void) 4 G% |! @% ] u. o; u# u$ W( {
{ 9 y* H+ l, [7 a" o7 z9 {
/* request auto detection */
0 S5 n) u6 k* @$ _* x8 {, ` Y4 w8 aint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ; @* z2 [/ d& {5 x3 B1 b9 w
int midx, midy; 
$ ?9 ?$ x j3 q0 v( K1 _/* clear the text screen */ # G& P8 b) q0 d& H/ X% X
clrscr(); + y5 K' }) ?* |% M' r
printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); * g3 f# @/ N* o. V2 F
getch();
; c/ j0 q# z: H. {( L" \clrscr(); 
! A) u: ]/ \7 F3 S/* initialize graphics and local variables */
' E& E) h, N: o0 Q6 a: A( finitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
& o1 m l2 |0 T9 v/* read result of initialization */ 9 Z, a: z. `" ^* f
errorcode = graphresult();
& z0 |: S- X; a# K0 @7 uif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ + [# P0 F7 M4 E$ B7 v) u9 W
{
% D: t7 g; F% m) n' hprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
* M+ ~ r, I& ~printf("Press any key to halt:");
: S/ V! t0 o x+ R" hgetch();
. G' H+ S% k1 W* `4 yexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ S1 o6 j) U. t, h} 
0 u/ u0 m! ^/ v$ _8 l% _midx = getmaxx() / 2; & b" E( X7 P! p
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
4 a: u% H f M2 \$ M' M/* display a message */ 7 n$ V8 I( N5 W. i
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
% B, {6 W' ]6 B E* h/ Douttextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); S% X. l0 G6 f& E9 c' B- V# {
/* clean up */
. Z& f$ F! H) {) A- L3 F% Wgetch(); F5 I/ k" T: R' L& L4 t
closegraph(); ) A7 q4 n* Y" v; P0 u. Z8 L; _
return 0;
6 z ], P* N: I; r+ {! ]} : e8 _) ?6 L- O
/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */
( V. h$ \. K( r0 ?8 N1 S, g! evoid far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) 2 j. [8 I/ m* E5 ^
{ n# o' r) z( V
printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
, ^) Z. Y; h1 T8 H9 i6 Gprintf("hit any key:");
* O7 [8 P% V0 j5 o1 m" l( i9 y3 E" Hgetch(); 6 ?6 D9 @7 d D1 |1 W
printf("\n"); ! K" r1 p& `8 S4 G8 p
/* allocate memory from far heap */ + r8 e1 t( S5 S" B) N4 K+ ~& K
return farmalloc(size); 8 x' W1 M2 t% U7 h/ `% D" ~
} 2 C5 [, Q: i' I+ R: m6 |
/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
" W" G/ d/ g' |4 X `9 H/ Qvoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size)
4 V i0 P; f" V& \) i- g4 @# w# O{ ) B- j& `- k4 U( O2 y$ F7 N
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); . ?$ P0 M5 b/ k9 \; _# g( A$ L5 `+ m
printf("hit any key:"); 6 E# u4 [, p& C* v7 m
getch(); 4 B( s0 N6 y5 b& b1 n
printf("\n"); 
$ N5 @ z. L& X% \$ u- F- B' Z9 G/* free ptr from far heap */
& ]0 G3 Y: Z- n( @; \0 Tfarfree(ptr);
* ?2 |; f9 {1 Q: ]6 }: ~} 9 _2 ?6 c# @6 L

. ~7 I. A7 r% S- r z$ b函数名: _graphgetmem 
* E. ^' M1 d' f* y功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数 _, `- K: r8 n) \% }! K
用法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size); / j1 _1 v+ }. y0 H3 l
程序例: # X7 ~' w1 D4 E; G) u7 s2 S3 O
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
0 z" P- c) B7 N: Q) A#include <STDLIB.H>% ~9 u2 e# @ q+ C! W/ M8 z
#include <STDIO.H>
/ i0 N0 W# \5 {3 t9 k+ h/ r#include <CONIO.H>% [* d( N! D" e5 n, N1 m) f3 X! N
#include <ALLOC.H>
6 R& i4 b: I3 p ?7 N. F7 Q6 Qint main(void) : @ k4 u) `) w9 s! v
{
) A/ F8 W. e! ^7 U: `/* request autodetection */
5 |& y: q- [# o1 Hint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
7 A& _8 _; \3 Pint midx, midy; 9 j9 ~: U' Q, ^4 G
/* clear the text screen */
! Q0 F z$ Q+ d5 {8 q7 Zclrscr();
* H1 {( h- {* k/ dprintf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); 5 e4 {# k, i" a) G7 n: Q
getch(); 5 N& I- M1 w' x* j
clrscr(); 
" G1 f2 h: y; B$ d3 x9 B/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 A/ n {8 H; s1 h' c( ~6 E
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : t; r; J3 J1 P0 N
/* read result of initialization */
) k) f5 V/ G) a; o4 [. ?" l. B9 xerrorcode = graphresult();
+ S2 M2 o! Z/ C; `, Kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 8 e! z0 p* z* z/ L, C, o; G
{ + h3 R' a: W3 o! D& A* ^# E6 `
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
# Q) U% n: F% P1 O7 ^printf("Press any key to halt:"); 3 N9 S3 g. \! e9 M8 d9 F# U" S8 S1 b
getch(); 1 ~1 h F1 D( v- G' F" u
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
' h7 ~/ v4 u. S/ A% y7 Y} 
! N. _) P4 }' |8 ]' `+ z1 cmidx = getmaxx() / 2; * s4 }# f8 N% w' T( D' L
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ( y, c h9 f4 U7 M3 [
/* display a message */
. N/ Q1 f8 O9 S, B4 }( u" `* csettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 8 t6 I6 ~# C) V
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 
9 j$ w" U/ b# p$ { c- U m6 n/* clean up */ 2 V4 j( h$ }$ }; \% J6 k J/ I0 U9 n2 W
getch(); . s* H, H% [0 I/ ]
closegraph();
, G0 A4 c B; o. g2 [6 {& j1 M3 Zreturn 0; 3 C3 O; \& K, P; U- r
} 9 ^% q& j( Q& z: w/ C# l
/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ ; m( f1 B' D% ~7 d, ?2 @, } e& ?
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) * o: H" T$ q5 t6 X/ Z) N" N
{
 u1 ]1 V; o: l; d& w$ u [& _printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
, Q1 {4 i" x# g2 ?printf("hit any key:");
" }+ K1 l9 O G8 f tgetch(); 0 b8 B: @: Y$ B" M
printf("\n"); & }- Q# z0 X1 P" p* T" a% g
/* allocate memory from far heap */ 5 a$ P3 P' C4 c
return farmalloc(size);
+ C9 _0 k" V4 E3 x5 Y# q7 ]9 S$ Q} ' h9 ?0 @8 {4 ^- n1 D' @
/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
) z: ]2 C4 F/ l) R mvoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size)
" T, K* g5 y3 M{ - ~+ C8 f/ R5 y! j" }
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
2 j+ e) x8 g1 V! ?, e3 I; O2 bprintf("hit any key:");
. L- Z9 N2 Z9 A [7 ~! L( x& Qgetch(); : q& M& i, p& w
printf("\n"); 
6 P, l; t3 W! H/* free ptr from far heap */
# p, F, f5 j- o! W! I8 F! Z% V: Hfarfree(ptr); - _) Y! |) v" W; m3 w' f" ?
}
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