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函数大全(g开头)

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<

align=center>函数大全(g开头)


<

>函数名: gcvt 
功能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ 
<

>/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>return(0);
}



<

>函数名: geninterrupt 
功能: 产生一个软中断
用法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例: 
<

>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
<

>/* function prototype */
void writechar(char ch); 
<

>int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar('*');
getch();
return 0;
} 
<

>/*
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/ 
<

>void writechar(char ch)
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}


<

>函数名: getarccoords 
功能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80]; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* draw arc and get coordinates */
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo); 
<

>/* convert arc information into strings */
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); 
<

>/* output the arc information */
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr); 
<

>/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



<

>函数名: getaspectratio 
功能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw wide circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getbkcolor 
功能: 返回当前背景颜色
用法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current background color */
bkcolor = getbkcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getc 
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
ch);
return 0;
}



函数名: getcbrk 
功能: 获取Control_break设置
用法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: getch 
功能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用法: int getch(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getchar 
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int c; 
/* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */ 
while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
printf("%c", c); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getche 
功能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用法: int getche(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getcolor 
功能: 返回当前画线颜色
用法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current drawing color */
color = getcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: getcurdir 
功能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录
用法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);
程序例: 
#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
char *current_directory(char *path)
{
strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */
path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */
getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */
return(path);
} 
int main(void)
{
char curdir[MAXPATH]; 
current_directory(curdir);
printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getcwd 
功能: 取当前工作目录
用法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[MAXPATH]; 
getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} 


函数名: getdate 
功能: 取DOS日期
用法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date d; 
getdate(&d);
printf("The current year is: %d\n",
d.da_year);
printf("The current day is: %d\n",
d.da_day);
printf("The current month is: %d\n",
d.da_mon);
return 0;
}


函数名: getdefaultpalette 
功能: 返回调色板定义结构
用法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i; 
/* structure for returning palette copy */
struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* return a pointer to the default palette */
pal = getdefaultpalette(); 
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i,
pal->colors); / ` y/ t2 m1 k6 q+ ^. {# F1 r
getch(); " s z* E% y: l, e: }8 S7 r6 O" b
} , e! K3 p0 j# v. P3 m5 [- Y0 w- k
/* clean up */ * [4 x4 I! S" { L
getch(); ! X. `: e- v* w2 U+ Z: M3 p( c
closegraph(); 3 `8 ^7 l0 p2 ~& |# o. B' Z
return 0;
1 L3 {/ d+ Y9 S6 A! b$ R}
& V: |% e9 R2 n' d) y
/ N9 c8 S- {# o3 q* a
/ B2 m. F1 | ~1 ]函数名: getdisk ! d8 P/ C# q7 o8 M0 y; y$ C
功能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号
( Y4 G# d0 E& I' W7 [用法: int getdisk(void); ! c5 J) I+ C. U/ F8 v$ Z: p
程序例: ( t: S/ d1 Q4 R0 M9 d! T
#include <STDIO.H>
4 H7 D6 N/ P1 N& E+ s" {* Q, C#include <DIR.H>0 j: D- b% l+ g' Q$ X3 b
int main(void)
% W3 ?" G0 C5 m# \# o{ 6 a9 B, q, }' E0 t9 }* o
int disk; 
9 E& |' Z9 o( F, C; @disk = getdisk() + 'A';
7 Y1 B4 X; a. ~% e( Tprintf("The current drive is: %c\n",
& s+ ]0 m2 k+ f9 I# mdisk);
5 n3 ^8 Y1 J2 Q. A6 J- treturn 0;
. b/ h' ^5 R6 v. o f C} 8 e% B0 _8 {" [9 t* M! D

' b. g% T! X. S( {* f
% ~& v7 M0 l, {# U
1 c* l! n, v. L g8 ~$ K- b! T函数名: getdrivername 
, j. [0 V ^5 w& ?( ?; W+ }4 F3 m功能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针 * {& G+ u8 y1 t" u; z/ o% a
用法: char *getdrivename(void); ) n6 t- Y0 H2 _9 F$ e
程序例: * y& u4 \* [) ~" k2 x
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
4 {8 S2 N- q) C2 C0 h+ D#include <STDLIB.H>
. w8 v/ z( M/ `#include <STDIO.H>
 ~2 a! R V* P& [% A# C#include <CONIO.H>) E! _% a4 J/ o6 u2 X \
int main(void)
8 X" @& C/ O; b1 j" S{ ' d1 X5 A" q7 R! C
/* request auto detection */ 4 Z# E6 g: u/ b% g
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
/ ?$ | [9 d" L! s) t4 k/* stores the device driver name */ , \; x% {, b; ]2 w7 H
char *drivername; 
+ B- \: ]( a( p+ {& U/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& G9 m# f8 ^% w3 K* Uinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 2 h! A$ C/ R. c! i/ r U4 W0 z7 @: T
/* read result of initialization */ + W% c( U) V0 {6 i
errorcode = graphresult(); , S' t7 T H4 N' A* Q7 O
/* an error occurred */ / H: ^; q$ h+ U/ Q. p
if (errorcode != grOk) % f9 e" |/ p( L+ o# u0 U7 n
{ * z0 S2 @9 a! w, `( s/ g5 N$ T# E
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
4 p# ]# J4 B/ J7 _+ {9 ographerrormsg(errorcode)); ( G6 k- f" W! |9 G5 [4 O5 @% f
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 3 ]2 q5 R: ^0 I8 [! A
getch(); / @6 J" f' c1 Y4 m/ c0 T
/* terminate with an error code */
7 k! i8 R7 l4 q2 h4 }exit(1);
; v; J/ E: n& C% L} # p2 ^+ I x( r) F( B# w
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
; z) a% p! @) o9 I* q+ u$ i/* get name of the device driver in use */
8 d/ D( ~' i( r0 l( ^! |drivername = getdrivername(); 
8 }9 K& K! {1 V, ^/* for centering text on the screen */ % u& b( v. n/ m( Z% }, z3 O
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
3 C C# l. q; y/* output the name of the driver */ 5 Y% t& s3 U" P* a0 Q5 J' J
outtextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2,
) I3 _7 h$ Q. B; S) G* xdrivername); . l, T4 g H) b- M, n1 V8 B: c6 p5 a( I
/* clean up */ % W( u% t3 D& x: D5 h
getch();
0 F- U7 R5 M: ~2 j: {8 Eclosegraph();
# H8 n9 F- `5 y1 A* wreturn 0;
8 d: m+ ]$ [9 ~) _7 L/ [}
# A, b- ^- ], P. ~2 p; R, h1 Y
3 o" s1 H! y( d; a9 y$ ^5 ]/ ?1 X0 g/ h# ]; N/ h! w
函数名: getdta 
! E: C: q* B1 f功能: 取磁盘传输地址 " B* N8 y' w/ e
用法: char far *getdta(void); 5 u9 T* M" ]8 E
程序例: 
: b1 a- f2 v2 j& }0 M#include <DOS.H>
. Q6 H5 u( N" ]# w3 K, H#include <STDIO.H>
( L `8 U$ P. ~; F5 `1 x0 D2 p# Qint main(void)
+ x5 ~9 b& a- p" z; H0 N7 V{ 0 e. j/ B+ M1 p) q
char far *dta; 3 \0 B# k' p, i6 C, g
dta = getdta();
- J) X0 x( v! F/ n8 J; s% [printf("The current disk transfer \ ! ]7 o D( F1 J
address is: %Fp\n", dta);
: `! ]" ?& d! V+ q2 C6 nreturn 0;
7 T" B9 S- ^) V, B+ g3 X2 H8 j O5 Z} + D# K. b9 h8 Y3 A, |

' B# Z; {3 _7 ~6 u8 S8 O; D: `6 V( J( K1 C) }1 O1 I
函数名: getenv " ^& k/ b1 h$ Y
功能: 从环境中取字符串 ( }% s& U" \# t0 n
用法: char *getenv(char *envvar);
0 i3 g( H9 S6 L4 Y n7 h$ ^程序例: 
! V; o0 s; I; i0 }. P+ }) ^#include <STDLIB.H>
, n5 T1 o& |! u+ A$ }#include <STDIO.H>4 ?4 F: e3 `' R2 n/ Y1 _0 V3 y
% D. A* J( H/ P, E: o
int main(void)
( ~: V ^% ^% u2 I( Q9 t. y{
; _# S7 e8 a- w6 ~, pchar *s; 
0 w% r5 `/ I& d8 L: Hs=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */
! Q' n0 s- g% G2 qprintf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ $ {# W; c3 t, A6 r
return 0;
4 b* J7 ^/ D" x4 S" ]5 _2 a} : e) r7 [: \1 k6 G3 `! O% o
1 z1 s7 o: p7 J) N. L

4 L+ ^( Z8 ?$ C8 B9 q1 A. \, o+ x& U; x5 g" h: ^1 k
函数名: getfat, getfatd 
& u# g; F6 h F7 K& I' o! O, k0 p功能: 取文件分配表信息 5 B3 Y' c' L/ q
用法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp); 6 l! ]4 I4 F4 D( W3 R" Y" n: T: Y7 I
程序例: r% X) h2 B6 b/ z2 B4 D
#include <STDIO.H>
" V% i6 e$ }3 @9 a. i0 T0 c#include <DOS.H> n1 @9 k! p4 b+ E' t% [
int main(void) , W2 c# q' n# w
{ ! Y6 i# A8 l& ~+ M) f0 S
struct fatinfo diskinfo; . U1 X9 w x* A3 {. Z& ]& m/ y
int flag = 0; 
" T6 V" T+ g& s7 [printf("Please insert disk in drive A\n");
# w: _, V& s( u; R: d3 j& y- Qgetchar(); 
" g) O- k' Z, ^. T" b4 b/ J2 zgetfat(1, &diskinfo);
" Y t0 W: ]( J* h5 O/* get drive information */ - \! O s& ]# U7 o# S
printf("\nDrive A: is "); . p- ]/ [( y5 \) [! \7 M7 J
switch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid) ) h! p; v4 n7 c. n4 l4 e
{ 5 a1 Y! Y+ x3 W! c5 W0 X
case 0xFD:
 J1 k- j; n" e% \printf("360K low density\n");
! D3 K7 z3 d% n8 |# N9 tbreak; 
2 b/ C8 Q8 m5 v8 ~2 |% zcase 0xF9:
& K2 U( _6 u* {2 d1 ? Iprintf("1.2 Meg high density\n"); ( _* n$ G7 Z# B* O
break; 
" {+ r7 B ~$ o4 k tdefault: 0 { s6 U9 S6 y$ R& l
printf("unformatted\n"); 5 J' t0 ~% }6 M# a3 L
flag = 1; 9 o( T; J4 L/ M- B8 }
} , a* W' s1 @' E% j a4 Y0 r
if (!flag) # _6 l4 l; ^0 [5 g' [- V
{ _# Q8 E5 J3 d6 S
printf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n",
) g4 |# t4 @7 D- vdiskinfo.fi_sclus);
8 z* X' s# }9 I1 [5 ?7 qprintf(" number of clusters %5d\n", 7 @9 c& O5 x, _* L" b, z
diskinfo.fi_nclus);
. R2 X; H0 c, y$ b& f$ j9 H# Rprintf(" bytes per sector %5d\n",
& k" t$ r7 N# t1 rdiskinfo.fi_bysec);
+ V4 t$ Q2 Q- @6 j: w} 
5 ~1 A1 m3 V2 \+ Y# ^ P6 G8 ?8 \1 yreturn 0;
; d0 z2 y9 L& A3 d- ?} " H# f3 b0 y, U9 @

& L8 _- n, b: J6 {* s7 I2 E5 i6 o% G# t8 x3 W0 U' h% E _' U
函数名: getfillpattern 
: g$ [9 q+ J; j功能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中
+ N! n* i; T+ m, x用法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern); ; k0 J7 O& ?* o H' m* t
程序例: 7 S3 h S" d! a! S
#include <GRAPHICS.H>: E4 P6 ~0 R8 I# g/ X. O7 @
#include <STDLIB.H>
7 l& F6 n& u2 W& O- \#include <STDIO.H>
, P s2 V# r1 w0 t3 \! H#include <CONIO.H>+ {; T% e1 H @! l- [/ [% v6 l
int main(void)
1 n; h3 m& d7 u! F{
; H/ E$ L0 B! Y8 j3 K1 H1 V/* request auto detection */ * Y: u# R1 b: T8 i2 s2 ]3 H1 _/ C* T
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 9 d6 N& t# ]4 o9 r& f! N, |7 E( [8 I
int maxx, maxy; - u0 d/ D& I \$ ^5 K, S- Z% M& S
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; 0 {" M5 f( p0 d* M- b; H# y
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" k) J4 C* m* I4 _* binitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 X; H) k& q. P% p8 z1 I/* read result of initialization */ ( W3 n; v2 B, x
errorcode = graphresult(); / V, B3 |8 ]" |1 H! v
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 4 S- s, p6 k2 g3 w% A5 e
{ - ^2 p' ?. `% N' h( _: a: I$ D! h
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
% K; y/ w s6 y! u) \printf("Press any key to halt:"); r+ U& K$ g; ^2 C, B4 u
getch();
# c5 t5 b2 U! N- a4 b& J7 oexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
) L _9 J0 L% K; ^* d9 I3 G} 7 O. N: Q- i5 H7 O( J% S m
maxx = getmaxx();
4 F9 T, ^3 k" S8 c, `, o, y) F6 R. J+ Umaxy = getmaxy();
8 j9 ~7 Z3 _( e2 S1 Ssetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
( w `7 k' D6 W. }- D/* select a user defined fill pattern */
9 z, c, e& p1 ^4 I1 i6 osetfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
; H9 w: V! m% V8 e6 l. \/* fill the screen with the pattern */
- g4 I: w# W. Ibar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); , E0 |8 L \2 w( ?5 m. U! a
getch(); 
" `$ n, u q6 y1 B2 s9 T" L/* get the current user defined fill pattern */ 5 [: [7 G3 z, j4 c1 `. F
getfillpattern(pattern); 7 Y7 I8 m! M$ v( P" u
/* alter the pattern we grabbed */
! l% }$ e, |, I& Z/ z4 ~pattern[4] -= 1; 1 I9 ?9 l; @: J8 T# ?2 r# } V
pattern[5] -= 3;
: t3 Q; B& U/ Q- ]) ]pattern[6] += 3; . x4 K$ v# L" N) ^' ]# N( a& _5 B
pattern[7] -= 4; 
. e d6 v! `, K/* select our new pattern */ v8 K' r* W+ p7 x
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); + y5 G- j, C4 O4 l
/* fill the screen with the new pattern */ & \4 B7 e) w# u2 H* ~. B* T- e
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
& i4 }) P, E. T2 ^* ?" N% ~/* clean up */ & G" `% B% @# N+ y6 Y, I( b3 R/ m
getch();
+ N% t: c; ]! ]" Z% Aclosegraph(); ! x- ^* R" F8 ?) o; h) `: ~9 L, i
return 0;
7 V( v& q9 w6 _}
1 O/ o7 d: G' Z7 q, g" W7 a+ Q
 J+ {$ Y% H7 _2 j; E
函数名: getfillsettings 
7 U% s- K9 q5 P; S" V, ?$ A; f功能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息
8 g6 _; H% Q) _$ Q. z3 Y! f用法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo);
! U1 ?( w5 S1 V2 R( c" s( T程序例: 
& ]% ^' d/ `% I$ _7 S) \#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' U! B# E5 V# Z#include <STDLIB.H>
/ s$ S0 F* W7 u: v X#include <STDIO.H>
. {. e' b$ S5 `- F" H3 |' ]#include <CONIO.H>3 F+ O; l H- v# B* `: c3 G
/ the names of the fill styles supported */
 t: F0 p7 h- ]7 m3 G0 B/ }( ~char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
- U$ ]( z2 Z. k"SOLID_FILL",
) P% i4 K5 A; h% U" s" A"LINE_FILL", * g& D; @; T* G \' h' d+ `: W- X
"LTSLASH_FILL", ' g$ g0 U6 c, U( X& Q, G
"SLASH_FILL", ' K/ c1 F- U/ ~7 p/ x
"BKSLASH_FILL",
+ k+ x( F4 j, L( O"LTBKSLASH_FILL", ' \5 Q6 J, B1 H6 {
"HATCH_FILL",
" O( ?* S5 t: h/ B' l"XHATCH_FILL", + S: a" ?+ B0 G3 L. }
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
+ o% x1 m6 f# ^5 t( e"WIDE_DOT_FILL", , H, `) H4 g3 j& ~/ h
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL", 7 n. a# J8 Y; `. p$ i
"USER_FILL"
' d9 [. \% T& R$ H) }4 i1 Q# ^}; $ `6 y" A d. W. \& M8 W, k8 y, @
int main(void)
; l" `. X9 x# j* F5 t{
2 Y# g( f4 O5 F" a# M4 J! q/* request auto detection */ 4 o: z1 {: ]% x, r+ G3 `- D, X
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
 V8 }8 R- i, pstruct fillsettingstype fillinfo; # y8 o2 o' K' n; d* l) n
int midx, midy; & c i" p1 Z3 T: Z) U# L. e
char patstr[40], colstr[40]; + k8 P# e, r, F6 F3 g: N) f8 Q0 j
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , `! D6 J, Y w s& n
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 F2 `, D! \0 v0 I2 M! ^$ N9 V
/* read result of initialization */ 2 L( ]: E9 m" I6 D# y0 b
errorcode = graphresult();
; ?' D: g" e E3 p. c: L$ A4 _if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 5 y" j. l) |& d, n9 m( W
{
" A- T8 ~5 k) o. M3 C: sprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . h. |0 O) S/ C2 _& N7 A
printf("Press any key to halt:");
# |& [% ~2 G. J1 N \' ?getch();
 K d3 o' {& E/ R3 Q! i oexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ , V$ g. y4 P0 E+ ~8 \( K
} - H" n; F7 h2 @1 c' j: N
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 3 q6 P! N' N) t; |+ d
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
0 W, ?2 n& i5 Q$ I9 _& ^# ^/* get information about current fill pattern and color */
0 B6 N1 z- W g7 ^5 A p9 Cgetfillsettings(&fillinfo); 
! ? @" I8 D7 M) a$ q/* convert fill information into strings */
0 ?3 M# Q- q! c B" F1 [sprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]);
3 Z8 H- N0 b& k6 ~! w/ Tsprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); 
, [5 h9 Q+ B- i3 i$ @/* display the information */ : [- d) G, }! P0 J
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); + o( h* D+ I u8 t+ f& ?
outtextxy(midx, midy, patstr);
6 r7 Y+ T8 n) k, ?! `. `5 R2 iouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); 
; G1 ^7 R! f) a G% ]* x5 n4 ?( q/* clean up */ / V: N. U* S/ P& h4 T# {
getch();
! ^9 B. S/ V: E! Rclosegraph(); 5 u! ]0 M1 a2 U' I$ W. |- B
return 0;
# [ X" S% H3 D7 f} . b; c# l: s+ _) T6 e+ L! x/ P& i7 Q

( S9 F2 [6 V% Z0 T3 t9 y! i7 I" `( o0 w$ M9 l

8 u. \3 m4 a+ R; e+ N7 E函数名: getftime 2 o) S+ o3 H- G2 |# ^3 n
功能: 取文件日期和时间
 |- L1 _3 K) d4 `$ k0 R, a# V用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
# k. P- M9 W& K程序例: + m7 P* j2 a& O+ `$ U
#include <STDIO.H>
6 y$ `* ?5 [0 `#include <IO.H>. T7 N9 R( I' p1 p6 b
int main(void) ; E, k \: E+ L
{ 1 I' l! O: D& ?# o6 D
FILE *stream;
2 }; ~$ l- ]- O% S/ Qstruct ftime ft; 
9 [7 ?* Z7 T- d; Cif ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", 8 I2 ~0 p( c( O$ w1 ~
"wt")) == NULL) 5 s! n' P# h: z' a; ~/ ~2 O
{ : ^6 g8 k. c \! K5 S+ `$ z, P7 T
fprintf(stderr,
* M. d' n( n) T7 H. L"Cannot open output file.\n");
% X P7 D' u T6 V2 treturn 1;
+ x) R$ d6 N, e6 W0 K- q) g}
' {1 E5 I! l5 E' s9 p! o" Egetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); 4 v. N% M& [3 L" `/ N6 j
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
. Q" C3 S1 Q3 J7 o, vft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min,
4 K( F" s: O; E2 @ft.ft_tsec * 2);
& t7 N N( K9 hprintf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n", $ y4 `; `% W, G/ g
ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, & ~; d9 y5 q7 D
ft.ft_year+1980);
- D# f% F' R, R) ^2 ^fclose(stream); ' M% m! m( [) u( B; ~! |5 k5 G
return 0;
) N N% e* {; c5 b7 P2 l/ X}
9 |) @; I& {- K7 F# O3 f& _& x( g; R0 a8 ?9 T

$ M0 ]) s- o+ m$ ?0 p2 g! q8 q% t/ g2 e/ p. r% w: [% Z
函数名: getgraphmode ' H* b6 e$ H% f
功能: 返回当前图形模式 ; J* D$ h/ ~) P* u. L, p
用法: int far getgraphmode(void); 3 e4 W2 F5 g! u+ d& \& q
程序例: 0 S: v5 E8 Z4 o1 \
#include <GRAPHICS.H>' K4 Z* R% S+ o- E2 M8 z# ?, l3 M% \
#include <STDLIB.H>* U8 I4 C8 j W2 m, _: a1 w
#include <STDIO.H>
- p) U" _; L# b& ?+ E; t8 h; f#include <CONIO.H>& v/ E, f/ Y% m# W4 v& Y
int main(void)
6 S. L6 J0 j( V+ N9 t% R{ 2 ?, Q% b) L! E0 {! l- Q g$ p
/* request auto detection */
) S4 R. A) }( S& Eint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , h \, }* V0 F+ T; w# W- m
int midx, midy, mode; % c+ A% o# `: @" K; V
char numname[80], modename[80]; 8 D3 J5 f( j$ ]$ }; }
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& j8 N4 `: Z$ h8 einitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # n: g: ^6 h+ t; j8 M
/* read result of initialization */ ) t5 J8 k* }8 Z: @% S' R
errorcode = graphresult();
2 _* @+ L, g/ H* r0 c5 P, m/* an error occurred */ . z$ i6 G; e* R+ V3 Q! D/ o) C% h
if (errorcode != grOk) ' Y6 U" X3 Q! |' u6 Z3 @
{ * V8 e$ o8 e* Z
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", ) n, a/ _0 l7 o; \! G- u: c1 Q
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
3 L X& M% Q5 f E+ C, vprintf("Press any key to halt:"); % ~, W$ ?" B4 r) A6 d
getch();
; }- `4 R4 h% e/* terminate with an error code */
1 i: H$ x: a) G* N' k) ?6 |% |exit(1);
' W3 Z2 Z$ v% f0 q9 e} 
: e% k; I7 [2 u8 r! y( P5 U1 F* Smidx = getmaxx() / 2; $ Y- ?% |4 b& w; D. B. o
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
5 |" w9 |0 e6 G4 S8 t: X/* get mode number and name strings */ . u$ u9 E% k6 S& A9 S/ Z/ Z
mode = getgraphmode(); ! i& W. j7 ^, a/ _
sprintf(numname, . H& }9 C4 k, J
"%d is the current mode number.",
' W6 c. J/ K: `, i) C* Zmode);
6 \0 z; q0 Z, Csprintf(modename, 4 s/ Y2 Y ?9 p
"%s is the current graphics mode",
/ z/ X- [! u7 G: P' K* ngetmodename(mode)); 9 A1 B5 I* c" {) D4 c) \
/* display the information */
8 }' W* L. y% usettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
: ]$ N h r! V/ b P- W( ~* ]outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
, I' \# B" e( x7 v4 Pouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
, y4 R7 A4 ~, A: X9 X" c1 Q3 Amodename); 
' A9 U7 G! z- _+ T/* clean up */
+ C& g. M. D9 }- Z+ K9 z# p4 \getch(); 2 t. q3 f" y7 \. [
closegraph(); , J9 _, q7 J6 F! g0 \
return 0; / A0 C( t4 f" G( J3 H
} & c }8 L* O& t: B! M3 A4 b5 w; k

' s- s# w1 @) Q# `) f! R5 E7 o0 k( C
函数名: getftime 0 m7 J/ G( ^' p5 v5 K
功能: 取文件日期和时间
7 T/ Q( o3 f3 D. Q" H* J$ y用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); ) a; Z* H7 D5 ~$ @5 ~- o
程序例: 
( r- e3 h9 \. {#include <STDIO.H> H5 C9 [! J0 S6 Y, ], I6 P6 J7 d
#include <IO.H>
) Q: ?( B3 o: a! t) Aint main(void)
, E9 N" `4 U6 b# Z{ + c% f' N) F; u3 y* ^( j7 D
FILE *stream; " c; u$ S d1 n9 C
struct ftime ft; ( N1 R" i3 b2 D( d! n: [$ i. [
if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$",
* d0 C3 N3 f. X- h"wt")) == NULL) / \7 N( }0 k. p4 Q' @
{ ! A; p5 I# d; P0 D% I" Q* d. [$ f
fprintf(stderr, 6 _9 l) S6 ^" D# o
"Cannot open output file.\n"); 8 b$ q; d( M2 \- o- y$ }# A7 a
return 1;
& |0 d C: G* j}
4 U; k6 T4 j8 egetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); . E! z: U7 c4 e: E) e# ^3 z s- @
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", & z6 _# Z# R& i
ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, + e* W1 k, U/ I: a$ z: `
ft.ft_tsec * 2);
3 n% v/ c4 z$ z- Q6 Cprintf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n", ' Z- l6 x8 S* u
ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day,
$ w u! e8 N/ n8 C7 @$ hft.ft_year+1980); 0 ~, h$ ~2 F& y9 f. R, {
fclose(stream); # ]0 E8 @$ a/ u0 o8 l- P
return 0; ) A4 \7 Q0 y# b v6 G$ _
} 
; L* i5 P/ Y$ x9 n( C" n T7 B+ l8 T# Y/ ` n

) x% X8 b, q3 R, p
0 L; w# j. H4 g, L) S; [1 a! n; o函数名: getgraphmode 
( }! r# T$ d% ?9 R7 o/ Q; ?: y' y功能: 返回当前图形模式
- n& U2 y: m8 a0 w" |0 t用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
7 g# a. n: ?8 X0 q8 x2 ~/ B: U: p$ K程序例: 
' }) b4 Y k' U6 C- K6 u# U3 p6 E2 L#include <GRAPHICS.H>8 X, j, O8 j$ @1 b# ?) V/ D5 ^
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 b& w* j4 H$ r( l# G c( m#include <STDIO.H>* e4 K1 n, J) p2 [/ D
#include <CONIO.H>
* ?3 z0 T' o9 mint main(void)
* d' h9 k% `) j3 D& ], I6 ]{
& |9 v* \" b/ H' ?+ W/* request auto detection */ 2 d# m" J, h& L9 e. R' Y) c
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ( b! ^" g% t. F
int midx, midy, mode;
, i. E5 `* ^. \8 u h3 S4 mchar numname[80], modename[80]; 
8 y' }% j; j7 z0 o1 y# F/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 4 @' X" @$ j7 y1 Z6 z5 B% x
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ( R* a) a( n$ f" u2 _: J! M, v
/* read result of initialization */
5 f7 [3 L. E& Rerrorcode = graphresult(); . ~" C3 X, V3 U3 n! y; R/ E1 ?
/* an error occurred */
3 a4 a4 s, W0 W5 E$ S. n% pif (errorcode != grOk)
8 p' F7 p' p& m2 p7 L4 J8 e/ w9 T{
2 \! U3 \9 p8 U8 p; cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n",
0 j; [, S' A" |+ {$ Ggrapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ \+ R/ r( X1 B% ~* C+ m
printf("Press any key to halt:");
 v P" {, l. _5 e/ }) R9 ?getch(); $ J" W% n$ Q, l. Z [$ S1 U5 \
/* terminate with an error code */ & B: B6 p1 y3 `: Q
exit(1);
( @; i2 ~6 Y, y9 I} $ o8 C4 F R) v2 O' P
midx = getmaxx() / 2; * t3 W8 o8 f" X& e
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 6 O" j# W5 s. z+ X
/* get mode number and name strings */
/ D) P& W* n5 [2 |$ ~% m" @& Ymode = getgraphmode();
3 B1 t, F) s9 m m$ Xsprintf(numname, ' w( f2 _+ l% u$ ?/ w1 g
"%d is the current mode number.", $ X8 z, L5 s; s0 l/ K7 l) c
mode);
8 l2 {, ~/ T$ a7 fsprintf(modename,
1 }; V: h7 P$ Q: \% Y4 {6 ]" X% ?0 j"%s is the current graphics mode",
- V0 c* T* o& i& r6 G. V" ~getmodename(mode)); 9 S/ c% v/ o8 N, y/ M/ X, Y
/* display the information */ ! f, p ~, V( f; C4 N
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); % v: K* [. E F5 ?
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
9 u' Q2 O$ I. d) }8 v9 |' _7 zouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
3 j% G" `+ \ Z. \& L/ T5 Nmodename); 5 I+ O" @3 B. F
/* clean up */
! e' c/ @1 f7 o* M N2 Jgetch();
: o) Y3 F& D7 I- A7 wclosegraph();
7 i: x2 O V3 ?" q/ [ g& r% xreturn 0; # x4 Z2 O, a0 g, X
}
; o1 m9 H# ]6 D, r& @" x2 M
8 K' E2 d3 N2 _: K5 d# j# A: c' G2 J+ J# _
函数名: getimage 3 W: \. k* H, p& O& u) G" I
功能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中
9 P1 G |$ ]- c. g2 x用法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
2 A8 B* I& L* H& G( p; C3 Uvoid far *bitmap);
4 ^' Y1 k* q2 J4 b8 H W% K程序例: + R2 ^/ r! L; p& f' c, M( M
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
! F, i" b: n8 G+ ]& a$ a#include <STDLIB.H>+ b* r0 m- T7 h1 J
#include <STDIO.H>' Q. R5 |. M |6 ^; H' ~
#include <CONIO.H>" W% |: T* t* f2 R/ x8 f, ?2 Z4 n
#include <ALLOC.H>
: d( w$ U9 k% K' hvoid save_screen(void far *buf[4]);
) m6 e) Y( l$ B- r! r yvoid restore_screen(void far *buf[4]); / D1 o( F6 _% x1 ]" N$ B
int maxx, maxy; 
% C! O9 k. V, p4 z3 _int main(void)
2 A/ c) B: R! U& q{ 6 V8 S8 N/ M% l5 }/ j/ E( X
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
$ C' Z) Z2 v# g6 l! R) v( Hvoid far *ptr[4]; 0 s& @9 ~- G, t: @! b# }
/* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */ ' r, g( |- l( b
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 b0 f) g3 @+ S! C5 M
errorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */ - F( y7 t) z( q( {
if (errorcode != grOk)
 i) ^6 U1 Y, \% T8 z: |{
( w9 Z! j6 r; X1 [4 K7 Fprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
: A, v% y0 R' [! k4 @printf("Press any key to halt:");
+ H) `2 o( l& x3 w( ~getch(); , _+ w% t4 r; h
exit(1); ! p+ Y9 U3 p6 W' o1 S& m) O/ h4 V% }
} & Y8 f X' @7 I
maxx = getmaxx(); # D: m* _6 J+ `0 W4 l
maxy = getmaxy(); 
5 d( k% I) X2 L* N; S4 r/ {/* draw an image on the screen */ , X/ I1 k. V1 Q; X4 a: A. Y
rectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
* B+ ]: d* L6 dline(0, 0, maxx, maxy); ! P4 y0 R7 i5 D7 f8 r
line(0, maxy, maxx, 0); 
& g1 j! q5 h9 n5 Ksave_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */ # U% |0 S# f6 s# V
getch(); /* pause screen */
- q' X( b! W' _/ @cleardevice(); /* clear screen */ 8 F: \, v& |. X& Z
restore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */
2 W7 N; _# s: _' A3 ugetch(); /* pause screen */ ( F# w6 S+ |2 c H; d" W
closegraph(); 2 s: }& h% @3 L( Q( w5 E' y
return 0;
9 K+ O2 A2 m- e5 I1 w# }% ~} 
: O4 `. ^8 ~% I% r1 y0 v. ivoid save_screen(void far *buf[4]) . u8 H4 d! ?8 Z0 i
{
 u; T \+ `/ j! P4 Dunsigned size;
* P2 [6 h5 ^$ Z6 E2 G$ H1 X- Xint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 
" T! G( P8 r9 M5 ayincr = (maxy+1) / 4; 7 g. \3 b# Q' U. @0 K1 g3 X% F
yend = yincr; ( |7 L- Z( v* {8 q+ X& R% N; c
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ 
0 g6 L P% i7 W# q/ ^7 C9 Ifor (block=0; block<=3; block++) ) |/ `1 a1 l9 E+ A W# q3 l
{ 3 D" }3 L" \, ^& }8 h9 L2 L
if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) |) K& {* ?0 ~% i9 P
{
3 W: _8 {* T9 ~4 B( hclosegraph();
' ?- b- W' }( ~' ]$ W" T# hprintf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); ; O: e: d1 F3 P% K6 g
exit(1);
; C$ O' A- I4 \; h! Z7 U9 H} - s- s; r. y- `3 E6 B
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]); # J/ U t/ b1 X
ystart = yend + 1;
- |# E1 g+ Q* z2 R" fyend += yincr + 1;
: V: L1 y4 n1 f; Z. l( B0 i( R. z}
$ z1 o% [, m, o2 Z* @# P: p/ s} + Q ]5 ]% D2 Y$ e4 p6 r
void save_screen(void far *buf[4])
) G$ K ?' F: G+ y- [! l0 e{ % F" o) R4 _1 o% n% v
unsigned size; ' w- p8 {& E0 r% `" L! Q- d2 I( F- S
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; " Q! v! H8 r2 T& g; x8 Q
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4;
9 `; k( i2 I. `5 Wyend = yincr; ; b" T: [ ^+ Z F% S, R
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ 
% O. q8 z- J2 }' ~# O* |" K( |for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
7 F( c; y) {2 ?2 d% h4 J6 l{ ( h0 [, L, W7 _: r- Z% }8 S* a
if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) |$ Q7 ~& @- j3 G% S: K0 k% `; q. i+ ]
{
0 s+ q7 B" i2 ]- j) kclosegraph(); ) @' r5 J0 o) J( M. T
printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n");
! O6 M4 y* R# e" T- ]6 iexit(1); 6 `4 U. h6 N' f! H( r
} 
1 o: o2 x+ _# {% g9 f* N5 s. ^7 ggetimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
5 l- K/ g1 a7 v# @ystart = yend + 1; " @# l' j0 D$ B
yend += yincr + 1;
* b( C% Z8 E: ~4 s3 x}
2 s1 k# X2 k5 f; [} 7 o/ t: E6 R+ H* M
void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]) 8 C! e( L% l4 k! w
{ , G$ e' u6 H- k, ^! w1 N) L
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 
# _1 P0 l, ? B! \8 Ryincr = (maxy+1) / 4;
" Q& J* q1 N# v; [, P( vyend = yincr; 
' A* L p Q( ^for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
, V( w0 p$ i& Y3 C+ B' `' @{
, y- y6 w& `8 s. [* t6 sputimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT); 3 R( K& Q) \* Y* q
farfree(buf[block]); 2 N; Y8 N7 K2 G) z' I. ^* H
ystart = yend + 1;
5 v5 t, b3 Q# f1 f5 g- hyend += yincr + 1; ; @. ^$ @2 \+ Z2 A$ R5 O
}
, f; T4 J2 Q8 I$ m1 T1 v# Y} 
: P, |- q' X& r4 X
1 r1 y7 v" {" E( ^$ ?1 _9 A8 r# P! \
函数名: getlinesettings 
5 E" B# h2 S. d) d! @1 o; f功能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度
9 O& J1 B3 j( O% z7 C用法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo): ' j+ p# Q# z6 o, N7 f. c. d
程序例: 
0 V& w3 e8 x) g) z. l+ B q, q#include <GRAPHICS.H>; z/ m: K- H. Z/ X# O( a) C
#include <STDLIB.H>
# t% O! R( t# N1 M#include <STDIO.H>+ `. k r" `6 s5 W0 j: r8 d
#include <CONIO.H>
" Z9 f' }8 ?5 F/* the names of the line styles supported */ ! x% v$ x! f5 E& U/ S$ J
char *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE",
2 f6 d' N, Y6 M( D% Y6 @"DOTTED_LINE", - x; a0 D- K5 _# T/ a6 Y. a6 z8 b
"CENTER_LINE",
: f) I3 o9 n) |% q, ~2 j. x"DASHED_LINE",
/ I! O% [% o K5 }"USERBIT_LINE" p9 q# c8 S( v" V6 E4 |
}; " U0 s9 N" J/ w$ ^" n+ d! }
int main(void)
- A4 p: u/ E# W, ?2 d{ , |5 D' G- t0 L/ `+ `: h9 u7 r% w
/* request auto detection */ ; Z3 ^: H+ I* q8 Y
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
0 J( U3 Z! W- T/ C2 Tstruct linesettingstype lineinfo;
- V" S- l# ^1 |8 h/ m- E/ K$ ~& Oint midx, midy; ! [- A" e/ H/ L0 O% K
char lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; 
0 C2 D9 N7 W% P- n. V/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , R3 b2 m" B* n% D6 W/ D8 P" Y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ' `% y( S4 Z: L; h! @1 ?) Q% f$ [
/* read result of initialization */
; G" a i9 ?4 [5 Nerrorcode = graphresult();
4 I% k7 R. Z, l4 xif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ) h" m$ b. }! w7 B
{
/ D$ J6 W' g7 R6 X/ A8 p0 s! d Aprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
! j8 i7 } v+ q1 d" [printf("Press any key to halt:"); ! J; r7 @: q/ K7 G
getch(); ; x; [( Y# ?9 \' Z6 Z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ p9 D8 {- y$ k# D; e
} 
; F- r' j# [6 k2 ?5 Mmidx = getmaxx() / 2; $ M0 {& G, Y+ A8 t
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ( w$ K) W) q- Z1 m* d7 p: X7 m
/* get information about current line settings */
- o( z8 B. |% s" W% ^; B& c8 Rgetlinesettings(&lineinfo); 
! u! n3 @: ]" z$ k2 ?/* convert line information into strings */
: {& `7 l. L9 g: d1 lsprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.", + _) Z8 _3 Q, c, j3 M
lname[lineinfo.linestyle]); $ f* T4 P9 I9 a: C) [0 k7 \5 @
sprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.",
: Z- H8 [/ P7 m7 G& Rlineinfo.upattern); 3 w$ X' |" ~+ Y$ h I
sprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.", E& n; B8 r$ Z5 B+ M% ~
lineinfo.thickness); 
% U9 O9 Z! |3 V- B/* display the information */
! D" k$ u0 P. H1 j& A$ m) csettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
' p& N3 n- Z3 `/ p4 }outtextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); / S& X, R. [" @; e2 Q
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern);
$ O% P' }9 d3 i* S: Oouttextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); 
 ^4 B* S' {9 Y: P/* clean up */
5 u% B; V' ] K4 Ogetch(); # r+ p6 b) i$ e% E7 ]0 ?
closegraph();
$ s) n8 d8 j! f0 X' G1 w/ K4 |return 0; ) g0 G- ~8 _& n$ g
} 7 X3 A+ x1 W( e2 }& ?

+ S+ e* {& Y$ |& y1 `/ q
) F: i* ^* V" Z* H& D" c4 G函数名: getmaxcolor 
6 K L+ W2 J- V& Z8 b1 R0 b功能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值 : q/ ?. J0 Y. Q: j' i
用法: int far getmaxcolor(void);
8 F* r7 p. r1 Y程序例: 
; t, o; {+ q; ~. {2 k% z; D, e#include <GRAPHICS.H>% J5 ?8 m" p+ I* b/ t4 l* `' u
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 B% k$ W% g. H& `6 ]0 F$ b0 ]#include <STDIO.H>
/ m: D$ v. V9 ]+ ] q#include <CONIO.H>
 z7 w: l `2 ^3 E! B3 m6 cint main(void)
3 t. S" @8 J& C! M& k3 Z{ + o+ ]6 X- o0 S& e7 K, e
/* request auto detection */
8 m$ w, a$ @6 Tint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % a- q0 J) Y" }! I1 B$ I' I3 p
int midx, midy; & n. a- j' h+ e# c
char colstr[80]; . O9 Y [8 s$ n5 L6 L
/* initialize graphics and local variables
5 i! o* g. O* C# W, l' v0 X+ I*/ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ; W: K/ s) T' q
/* read result of initialization */ . ? ~3 u- S3 K2 m
errorcode = graphresult(); 3 u( N! c( n/ @% f' P
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 2 x4 N! U0 H- L& Z
{
6 Y+ q8 c$ E: ^printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % x/ K7 T) Q# u$ W# X! o
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 5 }3 @; d1 |0 h: S- N- ?) Z; ]
getch();
' G) t% b, F) Q; P9 Q9 fexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ + C$ T/ S4 n9 i9 Z! I
} 
! Q; I* C+ J5 j& d, I% Ymidx = getmaxx() / 2; / ], v. h/ o! |! {; \: H
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
4 W' ]/ Y. h( L/* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */
1 k* F9 M. Q) f S2 ^sprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); 6 S; d/ y1 P) \, |) o. ]
/* display the information */ 6 O4 _2 C. r _4 C
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 0 `9 C( H' l) E' c& D# ~
outtextxy(midx, midy, colstr); 
2 r3 a/ ?' w2 y, v/* clean up */
9 \! f `9 [) K6 h+ Q* N- x3 Kgetch();
 N% s& B, r8 f# Tclosegraph();
9 R3 j) r& Q" X3 G8 ]return 0;
: U, Y, H+ d7 x7 v w, g9 O} . ?" b! [/ Y3 ]7 W! P# j0 H
( o& U4 z9 S" e$ w" v9 ?7 U

: S0 o9 N- ?7 n0 R5 m
! P5 `1 r! l' f5 p, v; ~# e1 e! A+ s0 Z函数名: getmaxx 
5 M0 s6 A* i/ Y x/ {6 {功能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标 8 |1 M. C. W: Y9 a2 V; @+ ~6 R
用法: int far getmaxx(void);
, ]# R+ g5 H$ G: `2 J: C# w程序例: 3 ^$ G9 o; z, D# i5 B
#include <GRAPHICS.H>9 Y) c* Y4 u% e5 r) d( `: E
#include <STDLIB.H>
5 D) [* @8 H/ u0 M. ^2 |3 y#include <STDIO.H>3 J7 W# h. o7 E
#include <CONIO.H>
4 p+ n# z$ T$ B% i- J* Aint main(void)
: s$ e* I( ]8 B: P C" F- A{
2 t, E8 `# i+ B Q$ t4 e0 H/* request auto detection */
/ z8 \" h) m5 \! Y1 H3 Xint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
/ G7 z$ `4 w% k/ }7 nint midx, midy;
4 S; E( ^# j( Lchar xrange[80], yrange[80]; $ j+ p9 D6 G& s- r
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
! H- O4 }) m6 @: E8 u8 y9 p0 Zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 v% d) i7 K% J2 o/ n( h
/* read result of initialization */ 9 S+ G9 ?( O0 D' r
errorcode = graphresult();
" V4 S) L5 l: H5 ^8 I/ Y* m# wif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
( h: P' \& P* l6 a* f) W, w{ ; A5 g3 I1 p) k$ E" `3 J
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); - m0 K7 t% \6 @; ]* R0 ?( Z* V
printf("Press any key to halt:");
& F4 V0 r" C3 t3 O4 p6 ~; |3 ogetch();
7 @! `% s0 \: q+ v, wexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
1 v4 o$ n" O* y2 u; `% A5 d} 
! M7 h9 e& J0 _0 A2 Lmidx = getmaxx() / 2; ; @( a1 F& p* V
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 9 k" D7 T' i# K7 ?" _2 _
/* convert max resolution values into strings */
4 e0 L) D6 O1 C- y+ V$ ~5 \* _ osprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx()); Z) F' g& e0 J" S0 X3 g4 b
sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
' p5 Z% M" ^' @9 v( o/* display the information */ t6 ~. Z* V1 |7 Q' a5 c
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); * [4 P& I8 }$ X$ } z
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
6 G# [: z& f+ o+ r# g$ @! d" I7 U pouttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 
+ C$ N* [- V5 n9 S+ t* U9 _7 \/* clean up */ $ H' J; A4 t2 E& |$ g9 U
getch(); 7 Q4 c& w, \3 |% P6 E- q
closegraph(); / R! G, L' @1 k# y! L# j. |
return 0; $ ]) v. k# n2 K) ? B7 Y
}
7 p2 D1 Q) f5 B% `' O/ T* x4 V* Z) s1 u& `
% Q6 z3 F0 X. C5 o3 z G. C
函数名: getmaxy 
3 }. ?4 K. ~% R功能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标 & u& o, Z( Z. p. N8 y7 Y
用法: int far getmaxy(void); - T- N7 V4 [% s' v* s1 G _+ N
程序例: 
: N4 G( P; ^6 Z' u. H! Q* h#include <GRAPHICS.H>- B) A( r8 \4 Z) [
#include <STDLIB.H>. }" Q9 }- b" n8 t
#include <STDIO.H>
- ~; S# n7 g) n) V. n# }#include <CONIO.H>
# ]# D6 h; R( G0 cint main(void) + k6 ^6 q# B1 _& M: {2 y7 X
{ X9 d! m! h; R, t8 j$ `
/* request auto detection */
* u" n! Z& S1 F2 n! X8 pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; . b* ~* o3 G) _ G& I3 ~; W
int midx, midy; # E. |7 _! j' M D- C* X- @
char xrange[80], yrange[80]; # m/ }% Z* x( F/ ^! H- @' E
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
# S0 i# `9 j6 X9 \& F. T! G) Pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/ ]; J% C3 E. s1 h/* read result of initialization */
/ J, V y2 V$ t9 U8 n7 a0 F2 o5 [errorcode = graphresult();
- }0 E- F' D& `* L p, Kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
' h" P/ b9 t" H0 `8 v" g5 z: _{
 e3 C d5 J* Z! `2 {/ Y+ cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 p0 c0 j5 e( }& g: u$ S
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 4 }; ^( V9 g- j' Y+ x8 s6 [
getch();
. o! u. [% d& ^ rexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 a5 B8 s+ K1 p8 f} 
. A# S( b1 Q% ~" G: I2 N% umidx = getmaxx() / 2; * p7 k. |4 J- U9 T( G+ V; {
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 y- ^8 ~' _0 z m
/* convert max resolution values into strings */ / e& ?2 J6 E) j. a! j+ L4 M
sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
! g$ R% A; I$ }8 M9 L9 o2 Esprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
/ t) e) p i" R6 {$ }; `$ Y/* display the information */
+ X, b, m8 G2 s# psettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ' m5 I4 P/ O6 H) {
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
: M) S; f* h4 \' Houttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 
4 K! G! B: U {- ^1 u H/ P/* clean up */ 6 h# [" l1 z- T% ]8 ~; g
getch();
4 [. T- y& C- F$ Rclosegraph(); ! _+ [: c4 l4 `5 ~% Y+ q
return 0;
. m- Q- r" A; S9 b. j# C3 |} 
: @, f: `+ n/ ~: J3 }3 h! N9 R J
' a- {, Z3 j$ N; x6 g8 x1 Q* t函数名: getmodename 
6 C% T! i' V1 ?功能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针 2 m6 g. v ^1 F3 F) m1 s
用法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name);
( d" |1 m6 z; d$ Z* U7 T$ f" S程序例: 
( ^7 c6 P. P! v1 J; B#include <GRAPHICS.H>. W! [* q# f3 N5 T. J2 S( f
#include <STDLIB.H>
. ]7 E8 ]; ]2 x2 d5 c#include <STDIO.H>
5 G9 ?) v1 {8 y7 F# P! ?) E#include <CONIO.H>- U9 @+ k, h9 \
int main(void)
6 N, @" ~4 E& Z& \{
9 I0 l) H4 E3 k( G5 G- t* |8 U/* request autodetection */ % A" T4 o* p" `9 M9 T0 H0 |
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
' d2 ?3 g# x5 P0 A7 I/ cint midx, midy, mode; ' K) X' ?0 z6 I P# e5 D- u: r( q
char numname[80], modename[80]; 
3 y! H6 X' T! F/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( i, A! B- P, M- ^% ]2 finitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); % m# O! Z, B2 ?4 c! s0 L+ {9 o- x
/* read result of initialization */ : [/ A0 [* A0 v! D5 @
errorcode = graphresult();
% z0 o2 m. q/ m4 e8 zif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
6 N+ q( x7 Q- [3 H{ ) ]- u) L% v4 C9 l) n
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 0 h4 r+ ?9 r9 O# s9 w' i2 T+ H
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 8 d9 T7 j0 h5 K; G1 L) \1 }9 T" }
getch();
- N2 B% u: ~* Nexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ , \' [" _7 m/ X( ^# w7 O6 G
} 
: X: I8 b& |. t6 q' lmidx = getmaxx() / 2; ( O1 d( M+ d# g0 |2 c" V
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 3 y, }1 ~2 _1 M! e; l
/* get mode number and name strings */
- v5 S( W5 m- ^. t5 F& l9 q& wmode = getgraphmode(); ) U+ r B. @3 l- H
sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode);
 T' |/ Z6 `6 }' m6 jsprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); 
* \+ v' `9 d/ l" q- F/* display the information */ 9 Q; t5 w2 N* y% E" A
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
% L8 F( K8 g! g* {outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
5 W! I( @& c8 X1 c1 s' L* Youttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); 
2 D/ j( C. D+ B, a b+ c7 A$ q, K9 v/* clean up */
( v8 T( I% B; W8 u7 kgetch(); * |# c0 t3 R _: u' D- O
closegraph();
9 J$ \# s" k2 \return 0; * u; j" b" F; d- ?% v+ u
} 
0 I& [+ B3 J2 x: K" y% {6 g4 ]5 S+ z. ^" E2 a

) L9 K% B' m& P5 P; i8 a函数名: getmoderange
# S# P1 j5 _( |# u" {+ ^; y- H$ J功能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围 0 C! H7 Q \2 h. j% R
用法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode,
& F0 I# a" f' Kint far *himode); * e0 J# y- f c
程序例: . W; _ g, y- A( @, E6 m9 }
#include <GRAPHICS.H>% z8 G2 q* c* h7 e+ N
#include <STDLIB.H>
$ t+ C! K7 l: N0 f+ [ k#include <STDIO.H>' T6 @# a! C3 I: G3 F
#include <CONIO.H>
! ?; J, F3 m# [& I: lint main(void) - L8 b! _9 O0 I$ M# `2 J0 \3 f
{ " o, M2 i' N- l/ N
/* request auto detection */
) y" n$ _" |/ {6 ^' h. Aint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 8 Q! S; q- }7 @$ M' F) M
int midx, midy;
( X# M5 [% L6 d" O* j" mint low, high;
& ?( k0 K, T3 `5 a) ]9 kchar mrange[80]; $ d N8 U4 P7 b- Z1 v$ s6 {4 W! I
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
' Y) Z# }- S4 Y [* pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
3 d! I+ q6 ~3 [9 D+ C/* read result of initialization */
9 y' f% g. _6 i2 \4 F" H& Z( Jerrorcode = graphresult(); # ~8 d1 e7 B# p1 A* H3 d( v/ q
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
8 o# C4 Z2 R' }6 p{ * h4 O! k3 D& w
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 6 ]4 m7 q M8 d, T
printf("Press any key to halt:");
: ]' x7 U: p' ^3 F: R( x) ^, Zgetch();
% m% b. ]7 l8 X5 S% \( M4 f) _4 Wexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % ~7 n. P0 l5 \: r
} 
% s/ N3 @9 Q( m- v6 D# f* @midx = getmaxx() / 2; + ^( S+ Z9 V5 J" Z9 M+ P; i: V
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
! O' K. U" P$ W/* get the mode range for this driver */
1 J9 e* Z/ d* p; k- |$ X8 l: Hgetmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); 
$ H# U0 I) K+ O/* convert mode range info. into strings */
- Z6 R0 R) S+ n/ f, k: E2 |7 usprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); % Z+ g! Z- V2 B$ ]+ J" O; w) N4 l
/* display the information */
9 `) y4 e: z% a* b# d# asettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ; J" S( S. t- c$ ]( ~6 J; E; |
outtextxy(midx, midy, mrange); 
/ y" W! p4 |+ a) T. P/* clean up */
# L7 h2 v8 ?. j: P( Mgetch(); 9 b9 N) x; N y0 P
closegraph();
9 E) u$ j6 q( `: areturn 0;
; X9 z8 |/ x& h$ P3 ?3 U} # U* C5 R7 v& S5 P4 j0 V) Q

, t0 J" x- r4 \5 o, B0 E
( {& _* U9 `2 h! f函数名: getpalette 
7 U( Y, M# _& f7 o2 c3 T& L功能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息 1 y7 I0 N: a7 ~1 s. v q6 b! n/ C5 i
用法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette); ) I& f2 s4 M0 h1 t" M) V
程序例: 
; ^5 W% j5 A" ^7 v) f#include <GRAPHICS.H>* x1 T. `- a T* @
#include <STDLIB.H>6 @) }: Q) T5 G5 e" h5 O3 j
#include <STDIO.H>6 S/ ]4 G7 C# w* @& c5 n
#include <CONIO.H>
: y8 [6 T& o c9 _int main(void) 9 P+ |/ Z) u) G* B. A
{
$ D0 k) o7 Q" c* L) x/* request auto detection */
1 G+ {7 }" \& J) _& `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
1 h+ I2 T, q( F. Ustruct palettetype pal; ( F# p# T% W' f; O+ X; u6 ^
char psize[80], pval[20];
5 @0 B: T; i& aint i, ht; 9 P4 w7 z7 ]8 u
int y = 10; 
. ?: d" K# N9 w: j& Y/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 K7 p1 g; i/ z8 a. g5 ^: h
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); $ F) w: y6 [$ H$ R: Y; ?2 C
/* read result of initialization */ 5 n+ ]% D) A+ d0 u5 |- S
errorcode = graphresult(); " {* B$ P8 z) ^2 Y# P$ ^. `
/* an error occurred */
3 P8 i# K$ y' c4 jif (errorcode != grOk) 5 i ^# R) E2 j1 J# ?. w9 g6 d' _
{
/ P9 u0 |6 ?; U4 Uprintf("Graphics error: %s\n",
 D! z( U3 ?9 wgrapherrormsg(errorcode)); ! B- D3 z7 b c8 L2 Y# @1 H
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ; F) g/ g3 {( [! `
getch();
9 F: E- h" d$ c; t3 V$ }3 O. d% `/* terminate with an error code */ 6 q, M1 U' U0 ~0 J$ J- B1 v
exit(1); ' C/ L* w) y6 a0 t- T
} C- G$ |4 B" Z* [
/* grab a copy of the palette */
 U# u* W; y! u" mgetpalette(&pal); 
1 Q# u5 t* E- v! t) H1 Q/* convert palette info. into strings */ 4 j% o [, }' v+ ]
sprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \ 5 E: S% h5 p6 |, y
modifiable entries.", pal.size); 
2 v# d- k% V; K# B/* display the information */ / E& S% G* g- I c: F1 X: a
outtextxy(0, y, psize);
. a2 A; O C3 cif (pal.size != 0)
' f; F" L8 S. N8 c* d/ L{ ) I7 ?% @8 k w3 g# H7 w2 e
ht = textheight("W"); # v" @5 ?: @, P' U& g. T8 ~- d
y += 2*ht; * S2 p0 {6 p# n( E( Y2 ^+ Z& [9 G
outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \
0 {3 p0 ] X, U4 { Q/ qvalues:"); 2 Z% b$ j5 k' `5 Q2 e
y += 2*ht; . O ^6 q% J9 F$ l0 k, e
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { & W1 C W, D2 R- w
sprintf(pval,
% b9 a! d0 T) S( N"palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i, 7 _4 `% @4 }7 Z) B _3 [8 ?
pal.colors);
" V* T5 Z( }5 Houttextxy(0, y, pval);
! a& G; q; |& J: }8 M2 \5 Q% v# r/ }}
; p; O+ J9 `% k} 
5 g! {, M/ m) n A/* clean up */
5 u0 a) s8 {# a# i! H$ V, Tgetch(); & g1 ~) H" o6 n! L# B$ g2 t1 E
closegraph(); - d' j, ~ c+ W( R v
return 0;
1 o1 @2 O7 C/ _1 ]' ~3 b} 1 o0 v, ]" u! y; N" v% a* |

( x( t/ Z: V2 i) n函数名: getpass 
8 X5 \( X0 {! E功能: 读一个口令
/ R% m2 j6 o. L, [. e' o用法: char *getpass(char *prompt);
& o, P( M3 [* ?- S4 i程序例: 
; [. Y4 L+ i1 t9 \/ [& N& }#include <CONIO.H>
/ P# M# e8 R% A+ g' i4 X5 m: {int main(void)
0 Q$ W( y S+ |# j: K4 o( }( U{
6 | r) e1 O# Y, I; c; T5 ychar *password; , _/ I/ d2 [4 Z
password = getpass("Input a password:"); 5 Y# X" s3 { H, Z7 ]- b
cprintf("The password is: %s\r\n", , `8 U$ T% F$ ]$ x% k' v9 F' f* e
password); % O# _' k" v6 v8 N
return 0; 6 f! `! i( T! u3 |; N
} 4 f7 V! K+ F2 d" @9 k

5 i4 Q8 h7 h5 T2 `
/ z- t1 C3 t: Q. ^1 f$ s4 y7 n$ V- F, y. ~8 O8 U
函数名: getpixel 
3 Q3 K5 }* }8 _+ u- d, O5 O功能: 取得指定像素的颜色
: o; G: Q1 j) d用法: int far getpixel(int x, int y); ) H" o4 l' N$ p% [
程序例: 3 H% h6 d* ?4 o# a* {' ?
#include <GRAPHICS.H>( N7 V" ^8 d2 F; _/ a2 H+ R
#include <STDLIB.H>
. ~4 c, I4 ?5 D& [% v#include <STDIO.H>/ q; w5 L' g" q# l7 |
#include <CONIO.H>
( j* s' X4 s+ d" c#include <DOS.H>
- Q& U# W) A. {0 v#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000
* v7 H" u: r% K! b% Z7 \8 C+ p#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */ * i, X9 y6 s- l0 j0 l/ W: A" |
int main(void)
: n( ]: E8 |/ _& ^{
3 n. l# n s1 M4 c9 |/* request auto detection */ 0 b4 B- B0 v5 ]4 p8 C
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; + j) j3 S6 A+ d" V/ v" l9 S- C0 U
int i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy, 2 M* M& o) @' [# N
maxcolor, seed; , l5 }0 y L7 }2 m+ Y! [# X X
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& R/ I. S3 O% P7 \! A$ `6 W! |: _initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
6 M+ z1 a' |: y7 C' ^) p/* read result of initialization */ * H+ R* d _% r* L7 |- X
errorcode = graphresult(); w; B0 k5 \/ v, _ o4 S) G& |
/* an error occurred */ , R0 l) x! i+ k
if (errorcode != grOk)
" {# y4 m6 ?) Z2 j2 d9 P; Y{ * D5 \/ d& q. e! E% k# l% s& Y
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
/ C' X9 k* `6 n' Rgrapherrormsg(errorcode)); 8 A+ D0 `7 H+ k
printf("Press any key to halt:");
2 b0 L6 X# {6 K+ S$ N& I* B/ ^getch();
+ Z4 }2 s$ K) F; P1 i5 c/* terminate with an error code */ 8 y$ d4 @9 {5 U, s3 b) e t
exit(1); 0 w6 U2 D& ]" m% p2 I% T# m. r) h# F
} . N; V, n/ C$ S( F! C. h
maxx = getmaxx() + 1; - R& b: F$ P" k, ?) n
maxy = getmaxy() + 1; , g5 [& T6 q' {
maxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; # L( r9 Z# `* O/ u/ f2 m
while (!kbhit())
3 F+ j1 F2 I% ]! G{
: r- t8 i& ?( d" z- P- L- `- @/* seed the random number generator */
6 o( V1 n9 {+ ] i8 hseed = random(32767);
$ U8 i# `9 a7 X+ fsrand(seed); ! U7 T9 P' X p" w* D) t( V4 g! D
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; { / y9 Z' i# d) \
x = random(maxx); $ s+ c) H, Q2 ?" i
y = random(maxy); . f! ^, z8 d) A
color = random(maxcolor);
$ Z! {: X- a$ p& |. D& A9 D9 }9 wputpixel(x, y, color);
6 Y+ e J/ p8 _; Q, M( n} 5 K. X7 E" S' s7 I6 G( z
delay(DELAY_TIME); {' @! [3 b& l/ g: t( v
srand(seed); ) b$ c+ u4 \9 v( p; S& ?
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
5 K3 j5 i3 U3 Z/ N; ex = random(maxx);
6 p) X4 b; Q( u3 D. Ry = random(maxy); 5 O; r6 \& } D" \4 ~9 ?5 \
color = random(maxcolor); + I& J9 }4 @, p+ t {/ Q" ?' s/ q
if (color == getpixel) 
1 o% t- c8 G7 u# T4 r4 }函数名: gets . h4 C& L1 Q4 d `' }* i% k! o
功能: 从流中取一字符串 , i5 D1 `% F, e4 a- x7 H
用法: char *gets(char *string);
* W7 @% n! d8 b$ b* E程序例: * L5 G4 a9 `% [
#include <STDIO.H>5 _; @. w2 a6 U$ O( Y5 N
int main(void)
2 D( J. z F- D{ " h$ p. t6 f* _/ r5 s1 @0 ~) Q
char string[80]; 
5 x0 `; O, v2 [printf("Input a string:");
' j$ z# ]% {! t: dgets(string);
, ^6 a) z6 n5 ?4 s8 u6 p( jprintf("The string input was: %s\n", & \: o# z( I6 k L
string); 6 C ^6 S: P+ M' |2 h0 F
return 0; # _8 I, |; [) `4 Y' N
}
# b+ M6 U$ T; E( ] O( ]! y/ {; v. s+ x1 o6 J% W! C/ a
$ U- U: O& y0 G$ w1 O2 t
函数名: gettext 
3 z- N2 H. ]$ ~! |8 c功能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区
& m. e2 ]/ K! S& D- z( X* l2 g用法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin);
+ C# r+ v# E4 O1 h程序例: 0 E0 v' @& i6 {$ {
#include <CONIO.H>
" ]( e& E7 `6 \5 r; Kchar buffer[4096]; 
" F8 S0 K/ |' U- E W* \% Z" R; ^int main(void) 0 x7 C( |) K" J. j3 q; L
{
$ z" D( |" L; l1 U' n5 U% h rint i;
# L, c1 C ^! f7 H) M. Z+ Pclrscr(); " z# v3 y9 g0 l5 P5 z6 j
for (i = 0; i <= 20; i++)
 c$ T' I$ K' T) n, ccprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i); 8 z% U: N0 D; v: U7 }6 C# Q8 N3 H: c! W
gettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); , _) q) t- U' S3 L8 j8 x1 }
gotoxy(1, 25);
7 {, y% y" V( g- a# w$ ?cprintf("Press any key to clear screen...");
& F r; t# ?- Y% Mgetch();
0 B$ S- E" S1 ^clrscr();
, W* {7 x# O3 x: \4 ngotoxy(1, 25); 5 o& L8 n5 O* ?$ D4 b; ^- o/ c
cprintf("Press any key to restore screen..."); ( Y3 r/ g4 t, D* V
getch(); 2 I& O6 I7 B/ X. i
puttext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
, {* \ H4 {2 A! e. y" {gotoxy(1, 25);
; j% b9 f. O3 X% ^8 O/ Vcprintf("Press any key to quit...");
% B4 D, c3 ?) a- z* ], bgetch();
0 f/ O; D8 |5 x5 N7 @return 0; 6 O- l( `! k4 I: [. x$ i: F7 d3 [
}
! L/ o3 n5 U0 e+ q+ E" ^0 Q/ ?5 c+ m- n% B( w7 h6 Z4 Z

: z1 U% s, ~, c+ }- ^3 j& @函数名: gettextinfo * @3 B- R3 f! |2 q0 ~
功能: 取得文本模式的显示信息
$ F+ k, D; z' e: W H. }用法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec);
" f k q: Q/ {1 @& R L' o, |程序例: 
& ]9 S% c& C( Z9 W# i7 ]- P#include <CONIO.H>! P& j4 t) \2 i/ ~
int main(void)
, j1 V* ?" Q3 U* m# U _$ n{ % u7 `( k& {. c6 A) Z( Q: M
struct text_info ti;
" n# O k7 Q8 [# C% r1 I/ W+ Wgettextinfo(&ti);
- [8 J& R& V7 Z/ z# hcprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft); . n7 e' O) u) T; J5 e- L9 v, {
cprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop); & M2 p/ S) {2 _9 P2 N* e0 ] ]
cprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright);
# E0 _# ~3 m b) I' rcprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom);
7 s% {6 J# Y \5 o+ V) @cprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute);
3 O. f/ s" i& [# ccprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr);
5 L6 R2 d# A. n- j3 q% `" E* Ncprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode);
- C/ f* r9 J9 f1 icprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight); 8 ~+ ~4 R3 f. o( I- c: U( k3 A, r
cprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth);
4 Y- I- z: N% W- A3 a" E1 a% S: q% Ncprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx); 3 H. g' H: c+ a7 q
cprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury); % ?6 R0 n1 I& j* C' i0 ~' n
return 0; ( c0 }% n8 S; `- m
} , ?2 s# l% v) X. i5 }% U; {3 r' z

: Y9 r# g6 _! ~0 r
% S+ D: B2 }8 |8 G3 M" C3 X函数名: gettextsettings * y- L* Y) ]5 _4 J* @
功能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息 ! ?- x1 V- b. c0 v" `! n
用法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo); " a% w1 ?) F- d5 z; \
程序例: 1 [0 l9 w+ b# ]
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
) J3 F# `( C" ~* R4 s#include <STDLIB.H>
* S7 x% L$ J4 e7 Y7 T. Q#include <STDIO.H>
. r+ H! u n9 R* x8 v#include <CONIO.H>
0 g- R x$ h9 [8 W/ z5 a/* the names of the fonts supported */ & P4 R! z9 Y& _) Y$ s! q5 G
char *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT", ) ?/ R2 G( h: o1 a, J; Y
"TRIPLEX_FONT",
" h% i& P# i5 i& ]"SMALL_FONT", 3 s4 Z/ B4 o* G7 c2 V: [$ w
"SANS_SERIF_FONT",
6 u* J7 n# H& l. V& T( D"GOTHIC_FONT" 2 Z! m' K0 L5 _0 p+ N4 ?* N: B5 q( p# B
}; ! q- c' ~5 ?" `. C% W. c
/* the names of the text directions supported */
# A" S, s4 h+ v+ x0 kchar *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" }; ! B+ d1 Z/ K7 @ A" G% q
/* horizontal text justifications supported */
2 J; {: G7 j* [, ^% Dchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" }; 
$ T0 w+ k& F/ P+ h' k- q0 I/* vertical text justifications supported */ ' @. N+ ^6 M) S( v
char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" }; $ s- y. c. }/ f- Q
int main(void)
! b: r. h$ M+ k1 i! O% Y{ . F1 p& s' u& T; A. ] I2 \# y t2 d
/* request auto detection */
, |0 |! G& e, D: ?( J& |int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
' W: I4 [1 k1 Q' Z& o' W/ Astruct textsettingstype textinfo; 6 r; q+ F$ s! {4 M5 L
int midx, midy, ht;
! I0 q; g$ W* Qchar fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80]; 4 Y. C9 E+ L" S) X" t# z3 V. V% i
char hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; 
 ?+ p. k5 b8 O- \9 [8 x( O/* initialize graphics and local variables */ - A" _3 Q+ I0 l9 x/ r
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ' _% p* L% H& N# T" J8 _9 W! y
/* read result of initialization */
6 Y/ a# f$ C( t8 C1 u5 Xerrorcode = graphresult(); 5 K; D! C4 L( Q' ?; O _, s
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
( `3 Q; Q8 g$ R# {8 l: p& \8 J{
9 m; l* }+ _) y6 Eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); " E6 q9 x0 ~3 Y( \+ |
printf("Press any key to halt:");
' O; @3 y2 o2 z' lgetch(); , ]. Y" n7 Y% S8 S J
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! U( j' l& n- E. o- D6 Y. z( @} $ R4 S2 g( L6 \1 B
midx = getmaxx() / 2; : m, o/ ^/ a2 V1 v7 x
midy = getmaxy() / 2; + T2 t) x, a4 V9 i) J! n
/* get information about current text settings */ * \4 S, k# T5 c& S
gettextsettings(&textinfo); 
6 b; Z% t5 {* z3 e8 E/* convert text information into strings */
4 b3 Z5 y+ }% Esprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]); / d% A" F6 ?: k7 R* N: M; v
sprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]);
: h" ], X Q% Csprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize); ( ~2 r. I( u& c. [; o2 W
sprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.",
$ p8 z2 }; S1 C: t. x& Nhjust[textinfo.horiz]); " X$ @( o y0 C; S% v
sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.", 3 B9 P& Z8 ~ w0 O; r4 k. J
vjust[textinfo.vert]); % v2 K9 Q8 L- `
/* display the information */ + ]4 p& J1 P: Y
ht = textheight("W");
& \2 i3 l' S5 k1 ksettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 0 q) C3 m9 a6 P9 n% E ?' H
outtextxy(midx, midy, fontstr);
5 v8 ?0 C! B9 x, douttextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr); & q2 p4 _+ Y. }6 m, X A
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr); , W. X! K* g" _! f3 _3 b. J
outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr); 5 p& e/ t% `1 x* [
outtextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); 
6 H: `: t8 h5 ?) a8 n/* clean up */
; q) M2 G! H2 ?6 [8 \) Z b- n# a8 Sgetch(); 5 }# o5 y* w6 b7 U! L8 q/ b+ H
closegraph(); " }7 u$ L9 L+ N+ p' _
return 0;
$ B* `) F# ^: t2 M! n- h} * b' _7 L% U* Z, N
" x" L0 u6 p3 ]6 o( T( i7 V
函数名: gettime ! a+ p/ M: |5 Y$ e: r5 {8 M" W7 \
功能: 取得系统时间 4 O4 Y0 Z( ]) \0 K
用法: void gettime(struct time *timep);
9 P6 Z& G! B) m0 e3 ]2 k" L程序例: 
' Q! u% j4 F) f+ `4 k9 n#include <STDIO.H>
& l T5 v; \1 X0 v#include <DOS.H>) V# c5 @9 k9 \3 p
int main(void) " S3 G( w5 ?& @4 _5 k' |' o; x% v
{ 0 E7 D- _ K1 S9 f9 o5 J
struct time t; ( r5 p: b) h8 ^6 Y5 D
gettime(&t); - h4 x$ }) ]) n* D T- E
printf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", 3 M* w; P0 s* K, V; y: |
t.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund); . P& x1 z5 Z" e1 ?( L
return 0; / T R g% l1 T; G% }. E
} ' b' T( A4 M2 z, Z4 V
) H+ U$ ^# Z" s/ r

) B( W& i* Y: v. ~/ H" k$ J
0 m7 ~" F8 k' Y7 G2 Q函数名: getvect % l, g. Z1 Z, ^9 E5 j3 F
功能: 取得中断向量入口
" {8 y- W( t) M6 F* q; i' U用法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num));
& y! F$ v4 E/ t) e8 U: W程序例: 
$ G% I- S" ~! b# z) j9 Q0 e#include <STDIO.H>
; {( ~, ^3 m6 {/ p. Q#include <DOS.H>3 w; _3 r6 J9 X4 l. V
void interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */ - N, D- |: e+ K8 a* w l
void interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */ ( G# }& n" H6 ]' U2 ~
int looping = 1; 7 j% `, v5 g: j
int main(void)
! r& |6 V$ h R3 S{
' v8 C+ V# t i1 Mputs("Press <SHIFT><PRT Sc>to terminate"); + B( c0 R0 G) _4 J1 _$ h* |( b
/* save the old interrupt */
5 p1 q/ x) [6 A3 ~4 W$ b x Roldfunc = getvect(5); 
0 d6 U6 x, _, Z! X) W/* install interrupt handler */
( Z7 R; ^, J2 x0 F; x6 isetvect(5,get_out); 
6 m- `% S" L' b/* do nothing */ X j) L B+ l: \- g' i
while (looping); 
. _0 o' l8 I7 M7 |. R: o/* restore to original interrupt routine */
/ }. d' h. P* w8 T) R5 lsetvect(5,oldfunc); 
* E& Y( N3 Y, o( v8 A7 A( H0 q* fputs("Success"); 5 I t' X- b& M8 x) S; d! P, @1 E* A
return 0; $ h4 d7 S# i& m2 }
} 1 t- r: v4 Y6 e( F- P6 ]) e
void interrupt get_out()
: X9 j/ ^4 T+ e0 R1 g0 g: j{ 7 B, l1 [ }2 H, O% q* j
looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */
$ K( Y* r# a7 x. l* ~2 s} % N4 X1 b4 t! [
/ g+ c& m! \) N: B; }2 p5 p

8 z. X/ C9 K1 U9 K3 l函数名: getverify 
- g# d/ {! h( n. W6 V4 Z1 _功能: 返回DOS校验标志状态 * D4 e( F/ K( v P# p( k8 J. t
用法: int getverify(void);
7 l. t; z& [$ Z: F5 f程序例: 
/ x1 ?7 r8 o3 z#include <STDIO.H>; Z0 S; `" Z4 ^& Z; Z- J: j+ s
#include <DOS.H>" X3 p% b1 r7 _: x
int main(void)
( Y" t) c6 J. M{ 8 C$ b3 X6 Q, V0 _
if (getverify()) 9 R( U( Z D! D9 ]3 W2 i4 ^0 U+ Z
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); 3 V1 W4 D% X8 d6 b
else 1 e" W" N7 m" [& l- G
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n");
7 h0 P/ l- Z( Z3 p; zreturn 0;
1 _4 R6 B1 Y! Z} - i. `) v' ?, g6 r* w

7 d4 Z7 ~+ w! I6 r2 j0 o: q函数名: getviewsetting # n* @, B/ F% o
功能: 返回有关当前视区的信息
2 ^; l4 R* x ?+ n4 M3 V用法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport);
7 _- k9 O9 m8 d' {- G ], E" k; ]! F程序例: 
, ?( z C" Y0 u' i#include <GRAPHICS.H>. s5 J& t8 u* Z. X! E+ @- G
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 c" p, }* v. ?3 D#include <STDIO.H>5 J X4 T2 @8 X) Y( N7 g
#include <CONIO.H>6 u: U* o+ @- b3 y' C
char *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" }; , Y4 b7 |1 S7 U' g7 m% c
int main(void)
" ?. }3 y; u1 h{ 1 n% ~( M$ g9 ?
/* request auto detection */
7 n5 x* @/ A f* K7 B8 f0 Z$ aint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 0 ]; ~3 v: U$ b
struct viewporttype viewinfo; , `1 t# d2 |$ W' C$ k
int midx, midy, ht; 3 F5 O* z) @( \: ~+ c
char topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; 1 q& K# v4 ~5 ~1 \2 U) N0 H
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 6 N+ M: h1 t9 b8 A) h& ~1 G
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 J4 G8 {0 \5 C- J2 O/ e' @! q/* read result of initialization */ 0 @. g3 ]9 z* n' p6 E& j; e
errorcode = graphresult();
6 x) C& D" g( Q; K( zif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ " C5 y; H) ^0 a; ~
{
0 b& `8 p8 p9 I3 g/ i) Gprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 r( ^6 I6 D& L" W" xprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 J6 H; y/ V) G. B% g
getch();
) y/ I+ k. [$ wexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
6 f; a ~9 d# ]7 F1 M- V% Y1 n} $ S0 K2 ?. Z1 {8 ?
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
$ Q2 k7 u& z1 o- b1 vmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
* n U: q& F9 T( c; T) r2 d/* get information about current viewport */
- t0 {# @6 j$ }& B, Cgetviewsettings(&viewinfo); : e& V( }$ w$ P
/* convert text information into strings */ 0 L+ V( ^9 i( V& e* Y
sprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", + U1 ^7 @5 S! h" @5 E
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top); 5 W0 q( K; J5 W+ u. t
sprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.", . D q5 z' }' S8 J0 L. P+ B4 @
viewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom); 5 c/ K: `& L3 j7 v
sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); % f7 ~8 G b+ ~( F* z9 `
/* display the information */
# I) f7 Z" d+ ? v! rsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
6 F& J, Y9 r' l0 m; vht = textheight("W");
- a6 g8 p% {5 ^% b6 Routtextxy(midx, midy, topstr);
, R! I# {/ ?9 o+ a" {5 n: ~outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr);
9 i8 z d8 ~1 F. houttextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); + u: G# N" M! V B
/* clean up */ $ C7 b1 d7 T" M& \7 o
getch(); . } {, Q1 ~3 _3 i
closegraph(); 7 Z" F# G2 q4 [" o1 i! t% _
return 0;
) i# ^+ O c B% X; \! `} 
4 v6 A9 |! h. A+ @. W
4 ?8 w; @+ B: j# G; O) f
; d2 _% X }) F9 W& v0 E* K函数名: getw ' _0 V0 Y% _" w: t# ?9 v, j3 Z
功能: 从流中取一整数 6 r) J8 u- B. _' u- A |8 {2 u
用法: int getw(FILE *strem); * @- f% k8 \6 G# v' j3 u
程序例: 
3 F/ z. z/ X4 p% Y/ R0 z#include <STDIO.H>- V* n# S- y+ I
#include <STDLIB.H>0 S( D2 L3 J y- d
#define FNAME "test.$$$" 1 h4 |. Z+ A7 `# z/ s8 D; O
int main(void) ) u9 m, e- M/ T5 ]) }8 k3 |* w2 q9 b
{
/ L% Y/ w2 V- E- a f4 M' xFILE *fp;
) i+ m2 k* c6 N* Q$ e5 L1 Lint word; 1 u5 P# Y9 Z7 |" H6 s: T' e
/* place the word in a file */
. q! K5 s" b' Y6 z, `- C3 c Xfp = fopen(FNAME, "wb");
6 J, J( \, C ?" N+ jif (fp == NULL) 9 n% S- I1 Q" c
{ 3 y0 q- ~% U1 B) I- { r
printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME);
 }$ t% f, v9 s- i Uexit(1);
8 M% G' i2 ] p& g) s$ ]# s& P} 
- Z4 w1 J+ i3 k' W4 uword = 94;
1 w5 x8 C8 l3 p% S- jputw(word,fp); 1 c ~( ]. ~0 i: ]2 `& o
if (ferror(fp))
# p H* \" I' F( I o/ C# p+ I. Bprintf("Error writing to file\n");
% H1 B- |0 x1 T( ^ Oelse
# n. o' J. x; bprintf("Successful write\n"); 4 w! Z0 M' H/ D2 T
fclose(fp); . T$ @: L/ q3 X0 `2 |; \
/* reopen the file */ 5 J8 t5 N! m; ^9 a1 T, Q4 [2 Z
fp = fopen(FNAME, "rb");
; u) C/ c3 J% C6 ]if (fp == NULL)
2 y8 O, I5 ?+ {{
" e0 J, Q1 v) j! n! Yprintf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); - h' @- n+ }8 w+ W( d
exit(1);
2 r) T3 @7 o3 L3 z2 U} 
$ ?: r9 _" Z9 q+ ~% U+ C( h! O, j/* extract the word */
+ W$ L% U8 A0 m! W: A# b; z: @* fword = getw(fp); ' {' C$ `, }4 J8 D) v9 [
if (ferror(fp))
# i; K1 Y( z; M$ h/ f2 ?printf("Error reading file\n"); # [3 d( c( o) W. U [8 \
else
3 l) A3 Q6 H# C9 i, gprintf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); ' g% F' z' a6 i. Y2 H1 N
/* clean up */
7 Z( V9 D- q" M' q/ {9 Efclose(fp); 6 @$ \7 X& @+ O
unlink(FNAME); 
 J$ p4 c( d' y G% L7 ~return 0; 6 z" S3 S+ R0 A% C! g. T" x- f
} - U# w) ]7 w; o% _
5 \& h) M2 T3 y* a, H

7 L$ [0 ~0 O9 L$ S6 I+ e
2 }3 @9 U+ y- {/ x! A; `函数名: getx 8 j& l1 d2 l) ], n! i6 n! v
功能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标
/ @% b. N, _4 K0 t5 h9 ?用法: int far getx(void);
: V0 c& y6 [# p# I程序例: 
4 U6 K3 e& l9 d' A#include <GRAPHICS.H>9 e& a* c0 H9 m) Z( V. N/ |
#include <STDLIB.H>: Z# s1 U# z. @! h4 m9 C
#include <STDIO.H>* ]/ _5 t1 o, V. o$ A, c7 C. C( _' b
#include <CONIO.H>+ R# C# y- D" Q7 b1 G* k
int main(void) * j$ T, @9 W8 c$ l% ]1 Z0 w9 r
{ 6 T" f8 \6 x- S* Y m9 y/ |
/* request auto detection */
" d3 A& }6 a* T7 s i9 qint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; . R' t4 C$ l9 @9 Z" P# x
char msg[80]; 
( W5 H0 ?1 v) B# Z8 T4 v f: z/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ r K% {/ |) o2 ^initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
& R7 ]8 _/ S/ _+ e, {$ P* e7 p/* read result of initialization */
7 c5 G4 G: j) C6 ]6 xerrorcode = graphresult(); 4 ~+ q; `' w2 U. p* ]
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
5 }1 j0 W) ~) k: p; \+ |{ $ D$ ~: z2 G6 O& k
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); # ?7 I% Z7 X: H, _3 X% B( r) a4 g) a
printf("Press any key to halt:");
5 w9 S% F7 U2 t/ @. Z* xgetch();
; l C& N: p& [8 R! v4 W# z0 uexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
+ C0 x$ q# W" }% @7 M' \1 l} 
; C! T0 N" ?' N8 K: E2 Z/* move to the screen center point */
0 X) S: M) f4 E2 X% H8 Qmoveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 4 `0 [3 `, M: ?; {
/* create a message string */
2 ]3 m' ?8 d: l0 P3 A1 T0 l! Hsprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 8 m" g- f) W* @- | }; |5 W
/* display the message */
8 Y3 U. o$ C1 ^, t/ Louttext(msg); 
- q" l& Y9 R0 ~1 u2 h6 ~/ \/* clean up */
8 y9 H: d: G3 c$ y6 B/ ~getch();
/ `& j4 |# R d$ _closegraph();
# Y- E2 r3 n: I( q' G; C; q1 @' hreturn 0; " w7 D( v9 ~/ @, [
} ( p* _+ L+ {9 |
& s7 @8 @5 U: x

 @* X+ T6 `+ X# I) W函数名: gety 4 w% l( J" |$ D5 t& U: n$ {
功能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标 , C& P/ q' l8 ^ t7 G! s, [
用法: int far gety(void); 7 l& ]: }$ y* u+ @6 d
程序例: 
7 I9 a( [$ q& A3 [ w. D#include <GRAPHICS.H>0 q; V) K* w* w( N* ^
#include <STDLIB.H>1 {2 ]' N, ?. ` L7 m
#include <STDIO.H>0 g& S6 ?6 D( a8 Y- l
#include <CONIO.H>
1 i% g$ I: f9 H6 R3 E9 n3 E( kint main(void) / D' {: P F) I! T
{
" f; F! m4 ~. B" N* b/* request auto detection */ ; B, y+ N( Q: ?$ t# b
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
+ |+ A, z2 b5 P6 T6 vchar msg[80]; 
4 b5 [& V; j- I _) E/* initialize graphics and local variables */ " Q3 W' E5 l0 F7 P, s
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
+ W1 }- Z! X0 z5 n/* read result of initialization */
% n6 [/ v# z* [; _errorcode = graphresult();
$ {! i6 I7 T- m8 I8 kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 X. c" i% r& x5 V r
{
 K: P9 x8 j& Q9 `9 D# {printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); x" ~+ W* r0 ?. u
printf("Press any key to halt:");
6 w' u2 E. ~" m6 ngetch();
9 G1 U }3 K. e& n; _( E# I% yexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
1 L. L+ b' U/ k) _: [} 4 D* e5 }/ J% k8 ?# l( s
/* move to the screen center point */ x9 P/ u0 Z! d: {3 t, \+ P
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); ' A, v" E2 a& w% X
/* create a message string */ " _0 s7 |' o* g0 }
sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 
8 b8 s: E5 ?2 i; ]: j4 ? `/ ~, Y/* display the message */ " ?; Q3 y3 C; z. H7 U" |5 _, Z
outtext(msg); 
, X) g( u# U8 m0 m+ w4 C T4 Q/* clean up */
2 X7 Q4 O$ n4 _6 |3 V/ B: [ e2 p7 hgetch();
) _" w+ K3 \. o0 p* w( Q$ Q7 Eclosegraph(); ) s1 \9 _4 ]1 D' @$ i! l9 P) _
return 0;
( a' W8 \/ r! l: E9 o} , d. s6 h/ n* @7 U$ F

- Y3 W n2 X8 g- L! F. `) t
* q \4 t6 W% S函数名: gmtime 
7 u4 e L+ I0 o" K: o; t功能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT) & c! i3 r4 f2 g2 J/ A
用法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock);
7 o& x9 q: B$ N h4 X' ~程序例: 
, ]5 X) v9 \3 i7 [#include <STDIO.H>( }. Q6 l8 t. F4 F: E( z1 g8 X/ a
#include <STDLIB.H>
8 q% ~$ V4 e% }3 u" r1 _# `#include <TIME.H>
% ^8 S9 X. F) t2 C0 H, y#include <DOS.H>/ @8 U: K! c4 m% [; ~
/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */
: z- Q/ f4 w1 ?! \; Hchar *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; " k/ {% p* u' w. H* Q$ D1 N4 k y* S
int main(void) # M- Y8 T7 d% U+ W
{
4 S+ I- r7 S l+ |0 \time_t t; 9 C* t r1 j+ u3 `5 W( e- Z
struct tm *gmt, *area; 
- a' Z- z9 l/ p% ^0 p4 j% p9 pputenv(tzstr); " k7 J- {' Y2 D( u. Y" p8 V1 c7 w! Q
tzset(); 0 C3 u8 J4 p" ^3 v7 x3 d1 Y2 I- c% {
t = time(NULL);
! ^% H' F3 D t% C0 varea = localtime(&t); * w. _3 S$ b9 A5 a
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); $ h$ a3 M! ^ }1 D
gmt = gmtime(&t);
5 l% S) R3 Z- {3 s! R( Wprintf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt));
8 D. n$ @" d: }$ i& Freturn 0;
' p3 O: r1 F8 s8 M* h. ~6 d& z} 
4 x! W$ e' _# I, G* P+ K- Z; H: N; s7 I

( \( O6 L8 X6 k7 p: A5 C5 w' [函数名: gotoxy $ B% C+ a. e f7 i: M6 B0 X, P
功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标 0 l* u$ m# g* n
用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
0 n9 A% @ O/ o: H程序例: & s2 q. s# o, e
#include <CONIO.H>
2 i+ J# _# F4 I G8 r& O* M: Jint main(void)
0 X, N Y+ ~* O' Q! Y{
( W' K/ C0 J( W3 |5 n9 n @6 iclrscr();
: T; {% `7 u+ J8 L. S8 egotoxy(35, 12); 9 v$ p2 K( y' m$ o; `# `! v
cprintf("Hello world");
2 n V) T$ j3 G$ e% Q6 p& k- x, E4 _getch();
/ h* }' ]; j% [return 0;
& R! T, f- _0 Q% w+ ]} & j1 R0 e! a6 J" U
2 z8 K& ]! U: P" A6 T
3 I7 |2 x' n$ ]: k- Y9 H7 X! r
函数名: gotoxy 
. y4 S2 _* n% A7 V+ h8 v功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
: K, h: M/ _8 y# g1 s用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y); : S& y, P1 C# |7 N* }. Y" U5 s. k
程序例: ! @7 I ]5 g9 P6 J* x
#include <CONIO.H>
0 s9 F: e! Z& Nint main(void) & j/ l& d4 Z5 [9 Q: I3 W' T7 U
{
5 I3 R5 o+ J! O/ u [ tclrscr();
' R8 S/ {) l5 e8 @gotoxy(35, 12);
) ?8 x7 x+ ^& W3 M$ @cprintf("Hello world");
. ^: W2 u9 K- b- \0 Xgetch(); ! ~ h5 ^4 f0 M' V l" Q+ ~3 v6 o
return 0; - ^; y7 J+ ^) m
} " o' @# N) {5 l+ J5 D

$ Z& b8 j2 m( T# n0 \/ a/ x
# {3 {9 e6 E! N函数名: graphdefaults 
) L" E* K' M9 n' [5 X功能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值
# h9 c% S: {6 N/ {) _用法: void far graphdefaults(void);
8 ~/ u7 D- v/ L" c5 z程序例: 
6 f* P& V9 u) `! c#include <GRAPHICS.H>
3 ]2 u: i- e. v5 ?' ~# S#include <STDLIB.H>: ?- _. @3 z: [. r" z
#include <STDIO.H>
, p" h p- r& c8 @6 x! E+ s- c! J#include <CONIO.H>
' q' _" C6 K; Y1 b, f+ n4 eint main(void) 3 w' g. p$ q( V' N- `
{
7 G" P% ?+ w, A0 l/ C/ R/* request auto detection */ ( `7 F0 }" E- `1 E0 v$ B
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 0 I# s2 x- U( \
int maxx, maxy; 
6 V' ^; Y# h7 n0 G/* initialize graphics and local variables */
2 N/ ?) X8 m t; k4 hinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); 
! x: ~$ w9 l" K! ]" P0 t0 Y/* read result of initialization */ 9 G- ]9 W1 w7 n0 Z2 P
errorcode = graphresult();
+ U7 G, `9 y& u/ B3 S9 gif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
* p: P5 |( B5 a$ |{ ! N; L& x1 w0 i* N
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
$ Z, ^$ @2 {0 B* n' {- lprintf("Press any key to halt:"); * F, H* l- b# V; |
getch();
0 z. f0 r2 _0 ]4 xexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ' t) h3 i+ V1 ?* W6 }- q
} 3 H. g' t9 ^' l/ w
maxx = getmaxx();
6 D1 |* G1 P+ C3 U6 X7 Ymaxy = getmaxy(); 
- _0 j7 R" o0 E) L/* output line with non-default settings */
1 i3 @! x1 q5 p" \" I2 E Isetlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3); 3 m5 q; B; \' P2 F j
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
1 y* m, }2 g0 }5 R; N, v; K7 N& oouttextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored."); / M/ {6 ]. B* f$ o( f
getch(); 
1 c" u: _* Q; _9 v Z6 w/* restore default values for everything */
' I: F/ J1 K0 o9 d; @5 b! @# }graphdefaults(); % t4 Z6 f8 I) F, c
/* clear the screen */
$ u. k- {7 I: }1 x8 b; x: A N# a: Gcleardevice(); 4 R$ u" w& A9 s- X: u
/* output line with default settings */ % b( n1 E7 p) m
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
2 f5 V0 p8 R" w) u0 fouttextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); , O5 n1 r( \! z2 C! N9 |3 _2 n" }
/* clean up */
, \! K/ F% |; @) S* {getch();
2 z0 W6 s1 }* |" c0 ^closegraph();
8 h& b0 b! A2 ]+ {return 0;
 W6 F3 `$ M5 F8 J} 7 H6 |! m1 b% ?$ c: x

, v) _; M' }7 Z2 ~! e* d( W4 d* L% o
函数名: grapherrormsg 
/ c: q* i; D) s: @功能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针
2 x5 ?* u. p7 d" J1 d1 {用法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode); ) p9 W" Z6 K1 d8 |
程序例: 2 P% y% ]! U, n9 j* E& L2 W$ d
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
: ]6 [0 T# W% T' B#include <STDLIB.H>+ M/ A. |+ K# v
#include <STDIO.H>; v6 Y: c& {2 W+ h; W L
#include <CONIO.H>, B- V% E! m( ^
#define NONSENSE -50 , c- V$ M9 P2 ?7 w3 w
int main(void) 1 ~) W' |8 u8 {' e5 M
{ : \( _ v: R0 B/ [, R6 a
/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */ + a) m0 m! d }7 ?6 J U
int gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; 
; s! P: V7 d% s1 M/* initialize graphics mode */
& f% H& I. c8 s- t& ^initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 `# s/ f/ \1 y% V5 i
/* read result of initialization */ * t+ O& C4 J' }: s3 T2 v' o
errorcode = graphresult(); 
4 E- {7 @5 g0 ]6 F- J w, z# |/* if an error occurred, then output a */ ) B8 n& A O! ]- \4 _* D
/* descriptive error message. */ ' A4 q: m- D! N) L
if (errorcode != grOk)
8 v4 v" a- T8 I3 s; `, D# C{
' U- u& K% h# g, j; Yprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 5 d! s* c9 O% |% H
printf("Press any key to halt:");
6 D0 {- C- L: Xgetch();
$ N) A7 F [% q; E& w& hexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ : D9 u! [8 ~* u" H9 G) z3 ?
} ( i, B6 K6 I3 }# P5 J1 e' a
/* draw a line */
 l- S% h, U: |line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
+ ]3 B; y) H1 @/ e1 W0 O' z/* clean up */
. K4 d* e! Y# G9 P4 V* b# E- ggetch();
2 i5 n; J. F b( f9 u" M: qclosegraph();
- ~( t/ `0 Z {( \9 mreturn 0; y i8 h8 v3 r) O+ z3 i }
}
% ^- `$ v( j/ L/ G1 ~ R

: A1 Y( B; \5 D: ?0 ~6 p函数名: graphresult : n5 h5 \& R q. C% C" X; j0 } V% a$ \- b
功能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码
1 r2 v5 Q; q; F" z$ _; F7 v& I, [用法: int far graphresult(void);
5 J" r& h8 f; a0 `% \9 Z1 Q6 z& r程序例: 
3 }$ u- Z7 S1 G6 y# B#include <GRAPHICS.H>. ?. O7 X( z" c' N( R$ p$ i
#include <STDLIB.H>
8 a6 ]$ q& Z- _3 m7 k#include <STDIO.H>/ Z$ n( }# W3 ?9 K. t! k# ]
#include <CONIO.H>2 M6 v/ E h; x' L( V1 h& @
int main(void) " [* o1 v f" G( `- l3 D3 a3 R# ]5 [9 }
{
/ \+ @' |4 B5 i+ X+ m/* request auto detection */
- j& f5 T' g2 v) Q2 W, O( Zint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' j2 g, c9 n. u. C4 o/ |% x
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ X( q. }$ |# M5 M, F) t
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ; _. a: V" s+ q2 z' |$ V4 t% m
/* read result of initialization */
" b" \7 S1 k1 Q7 }9 ^- i5 |8 xerrorcode = graphresult(); 
/ ^/ `& L: I4 r) |if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
! D4 b$ F& K: n{
4 q- @4 G/ a8 q' c* Aprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
" `) ~) ?& q6 Hprintf("Press any key to halt:"); |, r4 h3 W6 v( w4 J' \3 L( z/ `7 O9 p
getch(); / [) z4 p( q$ m, B+ }1 B4 u" A
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
7 \, C7 x2 N& F} & ~0 o* j* C/ N2 }2 ^% ?
/* draw a line */
) ]: g- J$ p7 j- ~- xline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 9 I+ g$ u1 e# O1 C( @& a6 _# v
/* clean up */
% J1 d% Y! G* u* egetch();
+ _, M2 \! b1 Pclosegraph();
/ f5 O" K9 p. g# breturn 0; ' q' i8 Y3 E& x; x
}
' m8 w n$ g3 u1 W3 S0 N( n, m3 y2 Z+ |$ F1 ?4 c# p" e
函数名: _graphfreemem / A; l' c. j: c1 o
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数 3 o$ e, J4 k" G( u, M
用法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size);
% a! a, T& F' ]" _程序例: / [6 ` o5 t3 j- N
#include <GRAPHICS.H>/ g, K7 S0 l! v: k0 |
#include <STDLIB.H>9 t, S: s% `, C4 a
#include <STDIO.H># d" o6 m$ n' Z5 N& l" e2 q
#include <CONIO.H>& m! U3 c% @' g1 ?" G' n
#include <ALLOC.H>
/ k0 D2 A1 \9 {int main(void) " g! z3 e; Z/ T0 t( I1 K1 A3 n
{
- x5 m( G7 s% ~- Z( r7 N/* request auto detection */
: ]2 l( h8 w& S" o7 Z: tint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
1 _- U8 ]6 l$ y n% o$ `8 G" Zint midx, midy; 0 F% M! I e/ A p9 ~; [7 B
/* clear the text screen */ ! D3 t7 T; Y8 q' B" H: H
clrscr();
; F( m2 l. R" ~, L6 xprintf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); # r. Q6 F* L: Y& _
getch();
; I$ ~5 r1 X$ i& c5 T* iclrscr(); 
5 T7 l" E3 I& J$ @& a5 g: r F/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ; `' ?1 v- I7 R6 ?, A6 K, X
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! H' }+ b6 F# d7 m7 f5 }/* read result of initialization */
 s4 R& h1 ~1 u' eerrorcode = graphresult();
8 L2 Q. m& S& N# s; x1 ?if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 5 j2 `* O# h/ ^% T) [6 |" I
{ " f( g$ o5 B6 c
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 }0 ^0 `. E- _; ]! k' Eprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 5 C K' Q$ S! e; R
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
6 w1 O9 ]/ I# t2 p} g+ T$ ]) W/ O4 W4 P0 Y/ T
midx = getmaxx() / 2; & R& n/ c8 J% ]1 a8 `$ Z( K
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
4 @ [& }9 K1 G2 W, E/* display a message */
3 k: |+ C2 A8 g o. Msettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
$ T, V, q7 a4 Y" ^7 Iouttextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); ! O- m8 h& S+ p3 K5 k i
/* clean up */
% z' x) z! ^8 k9 Dgetch(); % J; k. v+ _5 c1 ]) V+ X
closegraph(); 6 N5 j0 M/ B5 q; v3 B. N% m
return 0;
6 r7 W" o- a3 j7 x; m0 u} 
8 U t: m' S/ Q4 o* e6 V/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ 9 a1 c& P _. o! F" d/ w8 U
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) 3 ?% T4 d; ]4 y6 I9 |( b" w3 O8 h+ j
{
+ K5 {& H! A1 bprintf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
+ W3 x0 c0 A1 H; r. o' ~( G; tprintf("hit any key:"); # H! u# I5 Q O7 c; b# y: T
getch(); - a: W- k. y6 g# `* I
printf("\n"); 
6 M% `; D2 H6 _/* allocate memory from far heap */ 4 g9 S8 S' d% [* D& O
return farmalloc(size); . c* k6 [6 K8 J( D5 H
} ( w1 q* j+ x5 X3 Q5 P# D/ Z
/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */ " _, y$ z/ L" d) v
void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) + i& ~+ @2 b$ l# s1 R: c
{ & L6 z: d2 @% i7 q2 y9 T
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
3 l2 K' J1 g% z( qprintf("hit any key:");
: ?2 Q' r0 t) Egetch();
4 l4 l, _6 H% G- [printf("\n"); ' s! Y5 Q) N; G% A1 Z; n
/* free ptr from far heap */ 3 b( `- W, \, U* M# B. s1 w4 ], u8 j6 b
farfree(ptr);
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函数名: _graphgetmem 
/ n) V- L) \% ~* q& A* B+ P功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数
2 K' ` ~1 G8 O5 T+ r用法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size);
3 d' |8 I6 W3 h |程序例: ; y% r6 Z9 w, H
#include <GRAPHICS.H>* ^9 L; f$ ?# s) L
#include <STDLIB.H>
$ k5 O. O) F# i' x4 y* b( _$ {#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
$ R1 x7 R3 r3 s) w, N# M#include <ALLOC.H>
+ G- p% T, ~$ o& I3 fint main(void) 6 x& i0 x: g* l
{ 5 U' Y- a- v; N
/* request autodetection */
( e0 N: t1 z% s+ @% P8 Cint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
6 I5 L0 `4 r; s6 jint midx, midy; 
1 @3 U5 o# N- z' [/* clear the text screen */ 5 Q% f+ E. T4 ]$ D
clrscr();
& l1 G3 _7 L8 b R" q& l: r+ Mprintf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:");
5 _) }6 H* ]& O& w. B, L3 Fgetch();
5 z; G' B, ], Fclrscr(); & W! @% S' ~8 |% ?% v: G# W
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, u9 S+ S( [, w+ Qinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
7 w. T8 z# s" b/* read result of initialization */
! B# D6 P5 Q# d$ E/ U& Rerrorcode = graphresult();
 o) `+ V$ I4 N4 ^1 F; Dif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
( B/ T2 h# s9 H c' |" k4 q' t{
6 d j' L( S: Z) Aprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
) h- }7 V/ S" T0 O* K- f) Z3 D, b* {printf("Press any key to halt:");
/ c5 u1 i5 W- G# Lgetch(); * t& o. y6 D9 `: n5 @+ R; d! l
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ , p8 Z2 b ~7 \7 d; j( v% A, R
} 
7 ^' X7 W0 V. W7 y& Y: ^; J/ Cmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
' Q0 G# g& A2 x6 m& a0 Mmidy = getmaxy() / 2; " T. v/ ^0 O/ J& Y3 M1 W* B; u/ R
/* display a message */
$ B6 j+ f. v4 @/ b3 asettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); " r6 T3 k# Z4 v$ @
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 
- @3 f- N' m% O2 D0 r6 D3 a* L/* clean up */
9 N* c$ K- w) g7 f2 i" tgetch(); & R2 } H& l6 W3 h
closegraph(); . }# {$ w; `; z# n
return 0;
3 l' F3 l7 }0 [$ o g} 9 d$ j$ W0 U" [
/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */
, K8 y1 S# W# q% bvoid far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size)
. k6 `7 j; N' D# O# w{
0 V0 Z: e( q1 v9 I4 m7 Cprintf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
$ U' u. g/ q- t( D0 s- b1 m# A. tprintf("hit any key:");
5 S9 g& E3 F+ l7 }& Y4 Zgetch();
9 f* a' |" w- ?( I" k& j! Pprintf("\n"); 
 Q! g! U2 E+ v) K/* allocate memory from far heap */ # }& A _* W6 _( a) H
return farmalloc(size); $ Q3 [" n* o, m5 _" y8 ]
} 
+ ~) r& |- @! U# P6 C/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
4 X; R. @, X/ S$ tvoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) ; b A0 `/ P6 U. i
{
; J" j8 w) f9 O* l" M) P/ gprintf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
8 u: f1 q. V1 I6 Y- E) r) Bprintf("hit any key:");
- X: [* W* k# Q% Ugetch();
+ l+ j' l8 u* ?* _! X" }printf("\n"); * f6 B2 a- @ f' W1 X7 C9 l: g
/* free ptr from far heap */
$ k; ~0 S1 q4 f$ Z) C1 @- U+ Kfarfree(ptr);
& n1 q) b6 _8 {2 Q4 X}
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