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函数大全(g开头)

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align=center>函数大全(g开头)


<

>函数名: gcvt 
功能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ 
<

>/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>return(0);
}



<

>函数名: geninterrupt 
功能: 产生一个软中断
用法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例: 
<

>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
<

>/* function prototype */
void writechar(char ch); 
<

>int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar('*');
getch();
return 0;
} 
<

>/*
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/ 
<

>void writechar(char ch)
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}


<

>函数名: getarccoords 
功能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80]; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* draw arc and get coordinates */
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo); 
<

>/* convert arc information into strings */
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); 
<

>/* output the arc information */
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr); 
<

>/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



<

>函数名: getaspectratio 
功能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw wide circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getbkcolor 
功能: 返回当前背景颜色
用法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current background color */
bkcolor = getbkcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getc 
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
ch);
return 0;
}



函数名: getcbrk 
功能: 获取Control_break设置
用法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: getch 
功能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用法: int getch(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getchar 
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int c; 
/* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */ 
while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
printf("%c", c); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getche 
功能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用法: int getche(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getcolor 
功能: 返回当前画线颜色
用法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current drawing color */
color = getcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: getcurdir 
功能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录
用法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);
程序例: 
#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
char *current_directory(char *path)
{
strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */
path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */
getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */
return(path);
} 
int main(void)
{
char curdir[MAXPATH]; 
current_directory(curdir);
printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getcwd 
功能: 取当前工作目录
用法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[MAXPATH]; 
getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} 


函数名: getdate 
功能: 取DOS日期
用法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date d; 
getdate(&d);
printf("The current year is: %d\n",
d.da_year);
printf("The current day is: %d\n",
d.da_day);
printf("The current month is: %d\n",
d.da_mon);
return 0;
}


函数名: getdefaultpalette 
功能: 返回调色板定义结构
用法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i; 
/* structure for returning palette copy */
struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* return a pointer to the default palette */
pal = getdefaultpalette(); 
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i,
pal->colors); ' r3 X6 v8 l! d; p: o+ \6 H- k
getch(); / m5 b9 ^: V4 t, Y% |9 H' y
} + ~" Y) ~8 M: [: U! y; U) N2 z7 G% z
/* clean up */ $ W, q6 ^) N/ I6 F* P
getch();
0 I W" w1 D* h: {4 A+ n1 [$ Qclosegraph(); % M( L4 @! V/ M7 P
return 0; 2 s+ f' a# _4 Y
} - G7 t+ r3 P) g! T) e9 q4 A' }$ [
+ [+ y" g$ O t5 o, S4 |& O" S

% m# g9 v) Q6 h1 g' C* o函数名: getdisk 
- J% q4 O( C) a: A. j& y功能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号
' A0 b' x( A1 |2 j. l9 z用法: int getdisk(void);
2 N5 A1 r" W. j2 a+ U. \程序例: 
* q0 z( w" R. h d1 q0 `#include <STDIO.H>) [; s) X+ G9 g6 t6 u' x4 S ?
#include <DIR.H>
( i# k, t0 } S9 nint main(void) * V- r: J2 ~' W7 m
{
9 R" D4 N- ~$ d" o5 R* rint disk; ; F3 _7 i: \) U7 j! l3 V7 m, R
disk = getdisk() + 'A'; ( a4 [0 P2 h9 S& T8 A3 G1 [! D
printf("The current drive is: %c\n",
5 `* z1 E8 {/ P; A6 xdisk); * k; _1 e& S; p6 C/ R6 u _4 h" B
return 0; : S: y! e/ `8 T6 O( r
}
' z- r* t& V, `3 D7 S d
7 E/ `& M0 |" O8 v7 ]3 t9 |) ]; k$ M X4 k0 a! l$ d
 T3 K$ e$ g# V0 _& Y! y) g. U4 P' I9 n
函数名: getdrivername 
+ w- o; h& |) H2 O/ Z功能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针
4 h' e4 n* d, g$ O! y$ }$ @用法: char *getdrivename(void); * F0 T3 G$ v! B2 L) h% p0 l
程序例: " T6 n: Z5 ?- p
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
$ i1 B% J7 `5 C" k* ^#include <STDLIB.H>' t- \% |/ ]0 \( C! \2 F- u+ g0 B
#include <STDIO.H>* T' z& ^3 g' a; F, A2 {
#include <CONIO.H>
( Z6 ?) A/ R$ Wint main(void)
9 J) J6 I# b6 D: \: H! ]* j5 g{
7 h* X2 |% Q+ R% D. _$ A9 d8 Q) \/* request auto detection */
0 M$ Q. Q( G0 zint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
0 Y* V9 q8 B/ u: g8 t4 l/* stores the device driver name */
/ B, q' z! b: achar *drivername; 4 |# e w0 o# Y; @6 l1 F
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ " s, E/ }% h: _8 ~4 c0 O
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 g6 ^0 h0 n! ~
/* read result of initialization */ " u- \7 Q) O, _
errorcode = graphresult(); 5 G+ v0 C& F! G/ Y
/* an error occurred */
+ X& l$ W$ |2 x' K+ d, k/ P4 Pif (errorcode != grOk) ) R: @$ U4 N: ^' m
{ $ q/ y# N/ W1 t( l
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", + T' M! N/ M/ A) b+ D
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ( p& X: G+ s; {* A- T
printf("Press any key to halt:");
5 V! {( m j2 g6 _6 Xgetch();
' o9 \' e9 l3 i; Q/* terminate with an error code */
8 x5 D' v* \: g. fexit(1);
( p2 i( y& m3 f4 Q( w4 Q8 \2 ~} 
9 f6 `4 R" i$ |# N5 `9 F1 \setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
; ^, P0 A, m7 }; g1 O( B O/* get name of the device driver in use */ / d4 W% h+ e$ }' G3 C
drivername = getdrivername(); # p! J5 D' R4 K' L* D. H
/* for centering text on the screen */ e5 s7 j6 r0 N2 z, Y2 I5 c g
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 5 m W" j& k2 @5 z3 g. ^
/* output the name of the driver */ * G- [" T/ v8 D
outtextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2, 5 v/ v' x. F; c1 ]
drivername); * R7 Z* M. Y* X/ s! ^
/* clean up */ 6 n" d$ X9 ^8 b6 b
getch();
) H* Y; ]: X0 z; h* v6 i2 Aclosegraph();
6 R5 s; B6 A3 o0 Hreturn 0;
% m- G6 P# F0 S4 n7 X1 N" K}
& L& i* L% E; ]5 P6 |4 w9 g
- W1 ^ \% @4 n! @5 e( i( f9 s u
函数名: getdta 
: W: S% A/ B$ h7 v. F M7 `功能: 取磁盘传输地址
" i3 I. Z3 n* b) F# g. ~用法: char far *getdta(void); : d) @' N1 W5 y
程序例: 
$ l* J/ g' Y7 K# z#include <DOS.H>: o9 U4 p# [+ U) C1 g
#include <STDIO.H>
2 ]: n/ \3 K: Q% @ zint main(void)
5 ^' i* a; R' ?+ A2 c: D2 Z" ~, A{ ' Y7 T( y5 ?9 U- ~% `
char far *dta; : x/ M* j( D0 `" D6 E
dta = getdta(); - F! W& m: U8 E* l+ @5 c
printf("The current disk transfer \
( Y! V' j+ e5 L) T. a1 kaddress is: %Fp\n", dta);
 U# m8 G( c& F6 V! l5 D0 areturn 0;
4 G. p' i5 J) }0 o2 m} # \: K$ r4 w: Z8 j) F
& h5 e" ]# K8 w V+ K

) R5 a4 E) G# z, ]函数名: getenv 
- h1 `. \, R) ^2 E功能: 从环境中取字符串
& M8 g0 S, F- h" ?用法: char *getenv(char *envvar); & r& a% \. ?$ _& y/ l& t ^
程序例: 
7 i# Q5 Y- r: H. B" s# ?" a#include <STDLIB.H>, B* h/ A; l. A, V! G. u$ f" h# f
#include <STDIO.H>9 U, N6 q7 V: [5 C

& H$ ?% u- w+ `! g! `6 X" @, Eint main(void) B% O+ k5 s$ t- L" ?- O
{
# c6 j+ A* ^; | I0 mchar *s; % Y6 h: S- {$ o* U
s=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */
: X8 y9 p9 S" F, R7 {printf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ 
- ~" D+ z" d$ h$ U/ @6 dreturn 0; ! A4 e) |5 B; ?6 m" b$ a
} 
5 u: _, Y5 r, i1 p* ~& P- {$ {
4 l' V2 A0 W5 T, h
2 M/ P( a0 E' \3 P7 H
3 z0 A: |& C1 J" V6 w0 q2 D函数名: getfat, getfatd 9 L* _5 V2 [/ |3 o
功能: 取文件分配表信息
7 d* e. h0 M E/ P, Z( ^用法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp);
' I1 a% Q9 H W+ Q% z! D# N程序例: 6 s$ Y" |9 \1 T, M" v
#include <STDIO.H>
+ m3 d) @! `# H/ O#include <DOS.H>
; w y7 T3 y$ {+ hint main(void) " M3 _+ v) y6 ~+ M4 Y: {" q- h6 B
{
( G1 Q) M0 d rstruct fatinfo diskinfo; / h/ f+ W7 c- P2 l+ j; ?
int flag = 0; 1 A) u) r. A$ a8 {
printf("Please insert disk in drive A\n");
( z/ n6 u& P3 A8 U6 c( h3 x9 agetchar(); 
/ J5 V/ t) Q, i6 l9 ~getfat(1, &diskinfo);
' s B( l& R' t8 p! {; w/* get drive information */ 
7 S. G" A' [4 aprintf("\nDrive A: is ");
2 O" H' c* _; Uswitch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid)
3 f3 Q" p g P1 F; D9 u- [' B; _{ 1 a0 Y! y3 |! X% H: M
case 0xFD:
- `/ G( T" Z4 q$ tprintf("360K low density\n");
- f5 [# y, K- _" w' Ybreak; " G* a; ^; Y. u5 u) Z$ g
case 0xF9: 3 O! k' ^1 M' C- t
printf("1.2 Meg high density\n"); , L/ P0 M( w3 j9 o6 H, |& }" U
break; 4 G0 L: T9 C0 L+ _( f
default: 1 F5 c& \; B6 G# r3 B( }
printf("unformatted\n");
' V9 w+ d+ ]7 t& N, Kflag = 1; 3 V% c. ]8 v3 z1 R8 ?0 R. c
} 
" ?( p/ r1 U2 R7 B& z/ ~& t6 zif (!flag)
" s6 [2 j" Q6 b% A+ G( @{ - C! l- O% h, w
printf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n",
% i/ q w7 E- L+ rdiskinfo.fi_sclus); % {+ f+ s. h) a$ d8 N) J9 _, V
printf(" number of clusters %5d\n", 2 v0 M$ o% s: f1 p4 R' y
diskinfo.fi_nclus); % k; [/ G9 R4 ~
printf(" bytes per sector %5d\n", * a; C) g5 p( D; U( J
diskinfo.fi_bysec); - m4 s/ \2 h% ^ a% c* U
} 
( H! L, n1 y- [2 u/ Vreturn 0;
: v/ A, W9 ^ F} , ~) N$ D! [8 f$ ?9 `& C
 W% E, L2 m# S$ Q6 k
8 f5 }+ A, D6 j, H! p" T% Q7 b& K
函数名: getfillpattern 0 d( S' F0 ?% ]$ X, H
功能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中
1 {2 f0 z- o. t" w2 M用法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern); - [9 f: A9 q- `4 E- q/ a M. W: D
程序例: 8 g. G9 t5 {2 A/ i' _
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
9 F# I+ U! D+ D1 F7 v- @#include <STDLIB.H>* l( U, R1 |6 t5 J' Z- m6 j
#include <STDIO.H>
* X: m4 E' q! U1 M1 _+ J#include <CONIO.H>; L0 p" b1 V3 U+ t' N7 G
int main(void)
# I( J! B' C9 a9 w% d, F{ 1 C# B" f) ~, y* N; g- d" H$ V
/* request auto detection */ 1 k; \( ^: d- D! w1 O8 n
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
+ R. s9 T$ k3 y; c1 w1 {7 zint maxx, maxy; * [6 q& I* r6 ?# } d$ E" A
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; 2 p1 J2 g! V% K9 s" ]+ V8 O% [
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( m" f" [+ J, p$ T0 D5 pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 2 m G! U! Y. B: p4 c
/* read result of initialization */
0 n0 s% |0 L8 a- Z( Werrorcode = graphresult(); ( {2 W _3 ? ]9 `$ m
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * @- k0 p2 z* N9 {
{ 1 N. ~* F" h+ `
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % ~/ B7 i" W$ Q
printf("Press any key to halt:");
& T5 \: G5 ? E3 Q: Ygetch();
7 O3 _& A9 E% E- ?; Vexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
9 b' E( K% \6 B9 o% L} 
% J. L5 d2 M# A- k# qmaxx = getmaxx(); 3 T+ v. P5 C3 y! r6 I) n
maxy = getmaxy(); 3 k: b: t1 g& f; E
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); & B3 a& `# x7 e% i
/* select a user defined fill pattern */ + a/ V8 Z ^+ I
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
- ]7 T* g# S" Z& [. C3 @/* fill the screen with the pattern */
! R* n) x4 _2 t# W" a- V; Hbar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
1 Z9 I4 O4 Z$ l: sgetch(); 
" o$ U4 t6 h4 ]! D! n2 V/ L: \/* get the current user defined fill pattern */
$ x3 f- b# q2 _' o* g Z* agetfillpattern(pattern); 
( q$ }: u; o9 F& k* ~% V, y; Z/* alter the pattern we grabbed */
2 Z1 @- D1 X/ [) R Q9 z: Upattern[4] -= 1; : p" y; V# p, ^- @7 Q
pattern[5] -= 3;
+ f" g* ^; h2 C1 Lpattern[6] += 3; 5 T7 Q/ ^7 r$ ?: E% U
pattern[7] -= 4; 
$ _# m: Z0 p. k/* select our new pattern */ , Y: b; G* n" O0 K4 i: }4 ^8 e, U: Z$ D
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 5 q2 R2 F% B2 [- ~7 G, F' p" z; i, E7 @
/* fill the screen with the new pattern */
9 a1 C% O- O. P8 L4 }bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); ; \1 o3 C, D4 u* r
/* clean up */
' V4 D+ x& [$ i# t% S3 ~getch();
: R3 M% {, S! D% Rclosegraph(); ( X6 c$ l/ Z! f# t% @) ~
return 0; / Z& s6 U' L* C4 e: T$ Y) I' o% g
} % i3 k6 k" d, R6 \; ~! [
: B7 F& f9 [( }2 \
9 v% D5 F% b. H/ C1 s3 x( o
函数名: getfillsettings : p% k6 V" j2 T8 a- c$ r
功能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息 ; H+ o, o* J: L4 V& T, j- Z1 Y
用法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo); 6 C. t$ P7 q; R2 k1 I: H1 Y
程序例: 
5 W2 |( z6 U' @+ H+ L( \% `2 X#include <GRAPHICS.H>
; ]4 L9 @6 n9 U! ~#include <STDLIB.H>
. a# T) i& F' d5 U7 ]#include <STDIO.H>4 v$ d1 N5 h% X$ k9 V
#include <CONIO.H>
% {6 v/ }# Y! n( Z: O- w4 n% r/ the names of the fill styles supported */ , a# G; _9 g+ W4 v$ j. ^( G
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL", $ b H) y* Z' k, P+ @2 Q
"SOLID_FILL", . T( v. @; I. o! M
"LINE_FILL", 6 L# r* ^' M8 H7 r% y! }& W
"LTSLASH_FILL", ) y, o5 P! N: n4 J8 }8 U/ ~
"SLASH_FILL", - x1 `0 f% }; L# I! m) F( e; @3 o6 P
"BKSLASH_FILL", / b5 c2 E% c X# a0 [
"LTBKSLASH_FILL", * _& o8 Y+ D6 W) Q
"HATCH_FILL",
% s( w0 P) d' l"XHATCH_FILL",
' r9 ^+ u" L' Q$ o6 e( X' Q% s"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
$ b! l) i ~+ S% ]$ h+ I"WIDE_DOT_FILL", 0 v/ Q$ }; O# c0 D- u
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
) _" m X u( i7 V"USER_FILL"
/ B8 ?0 l; @ G: s' Q* `/ V}; - F" H% g' @: C6 |
int main(void)
# D2 T, G; F% `* W2 f. \{ 0 N9 l( x* I( P! \
/* request auto detection */ / D7 O, X: c$ Q. S: ~
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
2 A6 [+ y* F% b7 fstruct fillsettingstype fillinfo; , P& e2 }+ O5 m- b8 ^# X( B3 k
int midx, midy; , W# i3 Y, t0 Q7 R- P# R. k
char patstr[40], colstr[40]; 
1 I* A# |0 v# R/ }. x* ^/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& M2 U+ C% N2 L9 K* oinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
2 I0 A8 j) d0 V6 l! ]3 z/* read result of initialization */
, f- d3 C4 w7 O- T0 a5 Kerrorcode = graphresult(); # h+ n2 W% \9 ]2 B8 T! Q
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
$ g* H# X7 G$ b7 R5 T9 o% L{ # S5 _4 D3 ] k% N( v* X
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); + H' v2 A5 p- o0 b2 n
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ' _$ m4 Z' C4 y z6 o# j
getch();
# ?7 n% P# D3 r, e& H6 L" z( Fexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
" m+ e E* r% N" |" K} 
2 [0 j& f* {* X6 f8 j, qmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
2 ~3 s Q5 E# O7 J, }2 L" o# S* bmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
5 d. j- L& V5 @" y: f- W/* get information about current fill pattern and color */ % p |+ \4 A) ^; @, L e9 `
getfillsettings(&fillinfo); 5 s1 t; H) n3 c3 [" [
/* convert fill information into strings */
+ S. d6 l/ }, L# \sprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]);
0 C) K: t$ } ~! `1 esprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); 1 D. y, l% |0 V; b
/* display the information */
5 a3 }: ]# F9 U i9 L6 P" Wsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); : J/ A- ]+ W8 m/ b7 N7 C
outtextxy(midx, midy, patstr); 9 ^# {8 _5 h P' O
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); 8 n% h7 n2 J ? V2 t k
/* clean up */ # K7 Y) `; O' o# \& _) H
getch(); & n6 O E5 F1 {. D( }+ t
closegraph();
4 z2 ?( |; K( Z9 V* a' X8 ]& z5 Q! w) zreturn 0;
2 p6 G/ V1 P! f} 5 y/ @" Y, f6 o- ^$ X7 i, p8 G( f

( P. t) Q. ~) ]
, S7 z/ |7 g- u% m: L- Q/ t; m& q& \. `' }: z5 |8 S
函数名: getftime 
, M1 P7 p2 u( L; a3 x" W! r y5 Q功能: 取文件日期和时间
: e3 u% F8 q% X I% E用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); - T* x9 I" \9 N
程序例: 
* i8 R+ |; ]. b n& \#include <STDIO.H>: \7 M" W1 F" B6 C
#include <IO.H>
2 n; [ ?' ]5 K6 c, qint main(void) 0 w* S4 Q0 P# y+ u8 D ?$ k4 n. j
{ ' E7 v/ \0 e# M8 y
FILE *stream;
3 F8 B5 c1 A G6 Nstruct ftime ft; 
9 W& L- M8 J; Q! Wif ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", . X/ P5 f. I% P* [- v
"wt")) == NULL)
) U! O# j; h+ D1 ~, m{
4 O" P; ^' W2 J5 s" jfprintf(stderr, 8 k3 ?* {' H/ w0 K, s6 S
"Cannot open output file.\n");
4 G6 B$ _8 w/ ~$ Greturn 1;
4 q4 g* ] O# Q, _! K1 B+ Z. y} # v* h F, I; z1 B8 |
getftime(fileno(stream), &ft);
8 W# B: U1 D b* M! n) e- cprintf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
, K' u% E5 z9 E5 l7 F! }ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, 3 O' W5 H" V6 V5 L! M g0 z
ft.ft_tsec * 2); 9 Z, a3 l/ E |# H& I) G' Y" D) e
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n", , j7 x: X3 ^ g/ t I
ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, + ~( v, W# b; o3 H
ft.ft_year+1980);
. O+ M7 D1 `2 J5 xfclose(stream);
2 n& E0 t& Y0 sreturn 0;
1 Q, ~) k' g E}
! i" t& I' B- N8 _2 Q) D& Z |
; W8 D5 l7 W6 U6 j0 B9 j2 M& f/ S$ f# r. {4 O
 Q( P2 V3 B% P) e. a: F4 L
函数名: getgraphmode 9 H6 ]) r+ \ O- F
功能: 返回当前图形模式 5 O( Y: E1 b( \- X! J! A5 w
用法: int far getgraphmode(void); 2 i7 S3 a. m) n; P
程序例: 1 _; n, I' ~. X% T0 Z, p( F
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
" A4 K z7 @8 o$ Y! D% N/ Q#include <STDLIB.H>3 d: w; [4 d. k K- R3 {5 ]6 l
#include <STDIO.H>
8 {5 q- n( {8 G) i9 p2 C- Z#include <CONIO.H>
% [4 A) Q7 z. Mint main(void)
* P; @& A* A* A% O1 k1 q5 z$ d{ 3 E2 s, E$ O2 v
/* request auto detection */ / y4 E* W& h6 E& Z& A8 l
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
2 m6 w1 G; N+ Y! |int midx, midy, mode; % e, X( y0 G1 o; F& @- F' K
char numname[80], modename[80]; 
' \) h4 e. n+ s" ?8 E/* initialize graphics and local variables */
 I6 Y4 U0 ^3 X: Minitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , W$ X( E! O% q
/* read result of initialization */ 3 H) Z) g+ k2 d' N
errorcode = graphresult(); & k. r3 h" ]' f4 f9 F9 ^
/* an error occurred */ 1 n- j" a, V, a. Y8 W5 ^4 f
if (errorcode != grOk)
1 B# l2 D- l0 P f p* I/ R{
8 n% o: ?* T& i* jprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", % f: p% ~/ m+ X3 }6 K
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, W$ V9 T3 J% J, p8 jprintf("Press any key to halt:");
4 K' C# Y9 g5 f8 d) o2 Pgetch();
3 i* L" n; m" d: e! s- [/* terminate with an error code */
8 A& r2 f3 ?5 P) y% a. [7 vexit(1);
- v/ t" A0 h! v* J} ! A( P% F' R" w+ \
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 0 B" G% i0 s g- s- H( F
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! |. k, X3 H$ t6 N7 ^1 o y# I7 Q
/* get mode number and name strings */
% P1 M7 e4 H ?1 F! x2 Qmode = getgraphmode();
- |0 e/ Y5 i7 o9 @sprintf(numname,
4 z9 N6 y: L' w* B; |% A& H"%d is the current mode number.",
2 l# [! p: ]- G' u8 Z: y+ cmode);
2 W& Z5 t+ [0 Z9 R0 lsprintf(modename, # Y3 U. j/ y6 a0 F; W$ @4 V7 M
"%s is the current graphics mode", 0 g4 e" _) q/ E# i) s* \) F* f- A
getmodename(mode)); 0 Z: L4 _5 J& j
/* display the information */
; U; [0 l/ z. r! j: @settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
7 T, r" n7 m6 j, X$ s) z6 [2 Zouttextxy(midx, midy, numname); 1 K: E, M; l' q, F: X, r7 a
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), 8 x) G' I! ^+ {! q
modename); . J, s ~( |+ ?
/* clean up */
3 X* p! M) I7 }# X+ X7 zgetch(); % m& ~- k( z9 \; A
closegraph();
9 P& ^1 u2 Y+ M u5 mreturn 0;
: V/ q& o2 \. S} $ a% b4 j6 t, [& f, S

8 r6 o# L) c5 x
+ N9 U2 ^8 ^2 \1 h8 e函数名: getftime 4 H2 f; R9 L0 r0 l' s
功能: 取文件日期和时间
" C' s X3 _ [4 T ?1 x: O用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
6 J4 c o+ j* P! ~* W) e程序例: 
% d0 A, F( Y4 Z1 J( v#include <STDIO.H>
 R" x J5 S s7 _0 A#include <IO.H>7 @5 _, g1 |+ a, h
int main(void) 3 K' ^, U& t: v5 P- C) p
{
, k: R" q) I/ `. I$ dFILE *stream; 3 h6 r( B6 D- A, r3 ~' v1 a
struct ftime ft; 
1 S1 t& p$ T9 h2 g+ ~) X# Oif ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", , }) B) @' E. K, w* K- L0 l; V
"wt")) == NULL)
/ L0 l7 b' I: C1 f5 m. \ U( O) i{ 5 P: f" Z+ }( L
fprintf(stderr, & |( M# y. s! r1 O- D1 J
"Cannot open output file.\n");
1 Z; h; O- l) c2 kreturn 1; / M: A5 I* U- M% ^% |
}
& ]4 ~0 ?/ z- X4 m* L4 Zgetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); 3 P t$ M# \+ j9 w1 r
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", 0 H8 }9 x6 \: r6 Y% O
ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min,
4 t' H: H# b" w7 w2 N: N2 kft.ft_tsec * 2); ! ?$ _: U# W7 y
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
3 S* Q+ A4 g5 Y, V! e+ P2 x0 P' |ft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, % [5 t7 G4 y3 }. k8 P
ft.ft_year+1980);
$ j" ~9 Z# k& n/ s _' v$ \$ w8 `fclose(stream); $ |2 z( J: J& b: }
return 0;
 `7 w/ j: X, ?$ W, C! N+ f' X! ?} v5 _# W% k2 P7 {. U
, R- w$ ^! a' I( E
- T( i- D8 Z* K' W& `
- V9 h% u$ U4 `$ e* j9 h
函数名: getgraphmode 5 A* {6 e) I4 F5 _7 ~" N4 y
功能: 返回当前图形模式 $ Z6 G% N5 ^6 R1 x- {0 a
用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
+ e7 j* g, T* @# P/ E; c- i程序例: 
1 W1 U# A2 b* O6 P7 ]' E#include <GRAPHICS.H>& w: [. D& G4 _8 O- p/ o+ C3 }
#include <STDLIB.H>7 _/ b- j0 r6 d4 R5 s: s9 [% c1 e
#include <STDIO.H>/ `: j* X2 Z9 ~* |& b
#include <CONIO.H>2 u* a+ ]( e$ ?# S1 z
int main(void)
' u* p6 Z, b. U2 r) e{ ! m) B( |" z* m$ y
/* request auto detection */
5 t& h2 {) S7 N% Aint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; + F" A7 w7 _. u3 {& ~% h$ O/ G
int midx, midy, mode; * S( a' Y; p) `& Y, r
char numname[80], modename[80]; 3 U: k. N2 p$ i7 J
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" U$ n8 ~* U% e0 Minitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
# I- N+ |' |: U* e& |" f6 G/* read result of initialization */
3 w+ V7 x8 y, E* o3 n' derrorcode = graphresult(); 6 g6 X4 ?( y8 n! h. U" v
/* an error occurred */ ! z/ t- T, b& ?% M- Z! s. ?2 m0 C3 u, a
if (errorcode != grOk) 5 z: D4 z+ j6 v2 Z- U
{
( c0 ]; s' k! n3 Zprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", # i$ c! s% y6 G" ^; S P( i! \
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
3 U9 e! D# `, Uprintf("Press any key to halt:"); " C& o- d$ R9 I! K; w( S
getch();
7 g8 W5 g$ |2 D/* terminate with an error code */ 4 [3 L0 S* [$ a# F2 }
exit(1);
% w+ l$ C) |5 Z3 n. c' a# k} 
. j8 l8 _3 f' ]6 T fmidx = getmaxx() / 2; 1 |3 A0 I" n1 [* ~- {1 T9 h
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
6 k+ J; a! m! _- M! f. X/* get mode number and name strings */ 9 l9 x/ C+ F/ n8 L( E
mode = getgraphmode();
4 p- d/ P$ n* ssprintf(numname, : K( S2 n+ g( T9 s- q/ x' i
"%d is the current mode number.",
0 u9 a) F+ D: S V5 C! Z* fmode);
2 }+ w, j0 |8 w$ Z9 w) P* j% msprintf(modename, / N7 L/ b7 @/ ~6 n+ H
"%s is the current graphics mode",
- N1 q! f- L/ ogetmodename(mode)); 
2 C+ `( i1 J: f- J/ `- z. W/* display the information */
* C0 U) G& V0 Lsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ) Y; W! q0 ?+ I) d# ?3 _: t
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
( [$ {2 A. T8 ~$ Pouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), & h1 Q0 W* \$ i; Q$ a
modename); 
2 l/ A. v& i& W# ~' a/* clean up */ 1 E" G# h1 }; \& r
getch();
% C+ C- a1 e0 `& }8 x+ wclosegraph(); & ]+ \! P( I8 b$ A
return 0;
: i, y& v% w/ r} 9 d6 n; y: n& z# m

8 w/ c! `% H0 L9 I, W/ a6 q, E, x9 O3 u) s+ s8 X
函数名: getimage 1 ?$ \- t5 g2 {( }) s, G
功能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中
) b( M; E8 _6 g用法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
6 V; j8 C3 x/ w2 ?, Cvoid far *bitmap); # A" {& r8 P j' z5 |- \2 H r1 y
程序例: 
$ A4 E# F W3 S8 Z/ f- ?#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' P% m. W) E) w& i0 [7 G#include <STDLIB.H>
) L0 Z5 C) i5 S- B8 A# n#include <STDIO.H>( H; p3 F( ^ B, R/ i# y
#include <CONIO.H>& b# I- k: a" Z1 H2 u8 W6 N
#include <ALLOC.H>
; E& ?$ f' M, I, K% R ivoid save_screen(void far *buf[4]); " ]8 x, f8 h4 g g) d% Q5 {
void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]); 
9 J2 q: p5 F o. Oint maxx, maxy; & o3 L; j% A/ [4 `' k+ L
int main(void)
) r7 }) ^8 ^/ f$ y# z4 ?' @7 Y{
* B$ [/ E& Z. i, j+ J3 K kint gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
$ }6 p1 a: y, _$ S% Y% J# r* kvoid far *ptr[4]; , S9 h% t$ R' f* L9 O6 J8 R; e
/* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */ ( y: l! ^1 E O2 I: @8 m! |$ @6 _
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ' L6 i; w. F; t& a" @
errorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */ % ^. w# o& ~' b- i# I% t* l6 g
if (errorcode != grOk)
. s7 @( ^" v- x{ : \2 C* H5 Q' t! z- j' T
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 7 D1 V: ?4 ^0 O, z1 K/ t- U# E! o3 K
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ( [5 {6 g7 }: G7 S
getch();
2 v% f' O% S. R. O: D! C' F* Qexit(1); ) \8 `( L3 J% S) L
}
, x& v! X" |' Tmaxx = getmaxx(); ]* d$ q. @' L
maxy = getmaxy(); 3 K8 s$ q% I: ?+ r: a- {
/* draw an image on the screen */
4 S4 s ]" u; s; N6 ]& Rrectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 6 ^' Y3 T! B* C3 h8 J
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
7 y; T$ v! z. Y8 S( V3 ?line(0, maxy, maxx, 0); 
, j0 T7 I f8 ~( a( Xsave_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */
( T# _7 h) Y8 c4 A: |+ y2 Xgetch(); /* pause screen */
& d% d3 G( b2 M- wcleardevice(); /* clear screen */
& c6 m* R$ Q) P% ~5 i/ H# qrestore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */
! |' @. n* i" X; N3 o; wgetch(); /* pause screen */ 
5 K$ X4 l6 u# l) {4 N( Z5 [closegraph(); * k# M @, _# E) v/ l. f3 C
return 0; / M) E3 l) U* F o8 |8 a2 ~5 z
} ( ~/ v$ B& }$ V/ F$ S
void save_screen(void far *buf[4])
! G+ D9 C' c% r" c{ / s( t. n) V* x8 P" F' R8 x! S
unsigned size;
& Y4 L- c' C1 r! lint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 
$ r$ v Z% [# A2 _2 k- a4 ^yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; 6 p* V: N. W; Q1 d4 K
yend = yincr; ; X- k2 e3 d# E& ^7 ^* |* D+ x3 j& l
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ 5 Z9 Y- M7 |; b- `5 U3 ^4 T4 x( K
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
8 F1 R6 O. v1 k7 r6 M( {{ % O3 I, G2 K" S; i$ `+ v
if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) * W8 y; q+ m3 B( V* o
{
& k1 x S- n. d9 tclosegraph(); 1 i. | k# S" h j; ?& K
printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n");
! X$ w1 w8 }+ Y7 K: y7 ]exit(1);
. }( U) `, X8 {% s. v+ I} 
 X2 d4 |8 D/ `6 C) k' E* C. ?# d5 xgetimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]); 5 {( n# k1 k" P
ystart = yend + 1; $ W3 w0 }1 b9 P% i
yend += yincr + 1; 2 k* V. d( j; v5 v! ~$ V! K
}
( ?4 _6 B( [: M( @+ W) ^& W& w} . X9 f0 u6 y2 @( {4 p
void save_screen(void far *buf[4]) & n$ ?- ]9 a y2 N
{
9 @% D/ W2 m5 D0 O* n6 i" Vunsigned size; # B6 m4 F- V! Z: `
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 2 O$ M2 E5 l! c& M
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; $ j" ^+ a4 z* M- l5 O* R/ ^0 F
yend = yincr;
# U0 P. f6 H5 L- }1 e* Psize = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ * v8 R: z, f2 X8 p7 |5 P
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
* ^6 h. V+ o$ Z/ f% U{ + G9 c( o0 a7 D6 i8 h8 Q+ ]
if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) _! P6 x: j: i: _5 l2 B: }
{
( v ~0 J* {# X9 Pclosegraph(); 8 p: I+ K! U5 U5 I/ f2 M
printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n");
+ ?: O M) L6 H+ Lexit(1);
6 z% D4 Y6 j U1 i: D} 
4 g, h# i) [+ k4 g1 k% Agetimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
9 u$ c, v5 ?- iystart = yend + 1;
# f) b7 o- M, E" s% ?5 ryend += yincr + 1; ) P. k- a! F, z) f2 T! _
} 2 k4 z1 g8 s5 o6 K2 c
} ( A& f" P) S7 i1 q
void restore_screen(void far *buf[4]) 4 M( l$ ? w; y( C
{ & y& j) G! @; M. V& m8 H
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 
: R$ a3 l, C. K/ I! J5 ?* tyincr = (maxy+1) / 4; " J7 o* h0 [* J( k( j* x: w7 v- v
yend = yincr; 
! W" f9 t0 o2 G3 l& yfor (block=0; block<=3; block++) , m n* i# q$ m8 E9 D) f
{ 9 V' N8 B O% E0 _
putimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT); 1 v0 v6 r& ?. g! H$ D+ F
farfree(buf[block]);
8 k; t+ `1 W* I" S2 j+ |ystart = yend + 1;
$ Z9 _* V3 j( J% j5 o2 oyend += yincr + 1; ; C5 F. H8 x t8 M: D2 M) [3 C6 h
}
2 N7 }/ p8 \ b} $ g3 v7 N' ~) N$ N: n

- f X% N9 g( b9 U
7 H$ E2 {& V8 Y函数名: getlinesettings * z" g; ~& p: e: a7 Z& `
功能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度
6 K; X i9 q' S. q0 Y: Y用法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo): $ M2 W1 A7 N7 ~$ |5 p4 ?1 P( Q* l
程序例: " b" [6 r& \1 y r2 x
#include <GRAPHICS.H>& I6 ]4 ]+ b3 D% P) s
#include <STDLIB.H>
4 \7 p/ h4 }( n9 ^: x+ W' V#include <STDIO.H>
" \6 O' J& b1 w: ?- |+ e#include <CONIO.H>: v( b* L1 |# q# W+ i O" Q( e5 w8 l
/* the names of the line styles supported */
1 P, ~, H- F, K4 schar *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE", " g/ P' J& `+ H4 J+ f
"DOTTED_LINE",
/ n6 v6 g/ r' K( Z"CENTER_LINE", % e) B# z& C. H( O- s# l
"DASHED_LINE", 8 k$ i- i( A: W% X
"USERBIT_LINE" 2 A1 n9 J! K" G9 h4 l8 g: U
}; 
3 S$ r4 X |. w+ w( `int main(void) % A' I A% A! P' E9 _( L( `: M0 U+ j
{
) h% ], v. Z& A, [" h1 E/* request auto detection */ * W9 o( B1 }% r e
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ j. g, i7 c# [; z7 d& M, K i
struct linesettingstype lineinfo;
: `* G$ P3 }- S$ i- Nint midx, midy;
8 g$ M& A+ ?+ _, \/ i' V- I+ P4 xchar lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; 5 m( o2 J1 C9 d$ F" n; A
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 {0 P0 f6 w5 S+ j, ~( Y' N% b0 r
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
% S% P: [. ^$ M/* read result of initialization */ 0 k @. ]3 T3 s( o" C
errorcode = graphresult();
4 }& f# O% Q4 Z, Pif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 8 p, e: K9 b* b0 [% j# A3 u
{ & s: f3 t$ m/ k5 r9 |
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
9 e( Z! p5 w* o# ^( q; w9 hprintf("Press any key to halt:");
; ^! M: u5 L, y9 ^: h O( m7 q Fgetch(); / l- [3 M& F- S) @/ p4 N/ L N
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
# Y& J2 t* t: j- l} 
' J$ K( l1 d8 i3 t6 s1 n4 W" Ymidx = getmaxx() / 2; # i% W) _! ]/ q1 i. O& \4 }
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 1 [5 \' ^$ n1 ?9 g
/* get information about current line settings */ * F' T) g$ M) \5 G
getlinesettings(&lineinfo); 
2 n, P. m3 L% G4 B/* convert line information into strings */ . \( @" i3 X+ a. v. v, {
sprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.",
! i; [/ V$ b4 h& Y3 i- }* Mlname[lineinfo.linestyle]);
* @ I0 f. q- m! r& Wsprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.", " z8 N& I# J. L/ H0 c# g0 e
lineinfo.upattern);
$ _# B0 m: I8 n, [: W& g$ O# Fsprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.", 5 r3 i% C9 G5 y* s+ j
lineinfo.thickness); 
 h: W) ]! d' B* g/* display the information */ % H* @7 s8 p# k1 u. c( w ]3 P* w! p8 {
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
& F8 H; B' |! T8 H4 l- W5 Jouttextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); ) K& [, n; e$ `
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern); 5 Z/ j/ ^! ~7 t0 d( h
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); # _6 |1 e7 w+ ^; [; @
/* clean up */
3 g8 b/ j# R& @getch(); / m" d4 A4 u- a8 I# g
closegraph();
' |4 U! ~3 O Y; V; V' q, Ereturn 0;
2 v; R% F$ g7 g# E( s} 2 b: r5 M" V8 F. b2 a7 W6 Q

4 R; _/ I7 k# a/ R
9 Q/ @2 n4 b: C. Q. w函数名: getmaxcolor 
/ j: f$ t$ N" n/ F7 g' g功能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值 3 x6 |/ w8 R% o% }2 L% g" v8 w# |: P- L
用法: int far getmaxcolor(void);
( j8 d( C: S( F程序例: 
$ Y9 ~, _: j2 Q#include <GRAPHICS.H>
9 K% g, E) A" S6 D#include <STDLIB.H>
- j$ ]6 @2 W2 l% u#include <STDIO.H>
' g2 d: h1 @; H7 N: }& B#include <CONIO.H>
* P; V( P" a. U! q9 M9 K/ ?int main(void) 7 J0 ^' y+ i3 C+ H# b$ |6 N
{
- D3 ` N/ g: l# h. D/* request auto detection */
) O: e; H7 G" f& |$ hint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 2 K4 J" h, D) }- y7 N3 s- ~
int midx, midy;
5 b+ W& [; M7 Ochar colstr[80]; ; e5 d$ z ?1 H
/* initialize graphics and local variables
9 D l. t: N8 N; ~0 l*/ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 8 R" x; c5 {: f6 N
/* read result of initialization */ + W1 L& S5 v) W0 y
errorcode = graphresult();
' _5 l2 R9 T8 M2 U, Gif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 3 }1 ?/ l! _. l& N( x$ {7 u: [
{ 8 T& v* |, u9 @. h. F
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); + P# @1 L C. Q5 t5 R6 ~
printf("Press any key to halt:"); " c. q3 |7 [# }0 K! x& N& N
getch();
8 ~. \9 H( m( F" u7 S3 zexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
$ ^2 q) u( R; f; P6 y, C. W {6 T} 0 p+ p) `1 M" W: y# F, b
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 7 }! J5 i! V' A6 U4 i
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 8 ~/ I) e. P4 O
/* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */ * X$ |6 ~0 B- e' {# A/ ?) o
sprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); 
 U2 I4 g# V( |3 A5 B: N/ z& b$ S- u/* display the information */
& R2 {% u$ d+ a) ^. Dsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); , |) `/ ?9 a* D: e- w
outtextxy(midx, midy, colstr); 6 ^8 t$ w7 x0 n! G% \; _; _
/* clean up */
& e8 W+ n ~9 ggetch();
* g* m: q' p" q4 B" P( n8 sclosegraph(); 0 T6 y1 f7 k) J2 @. ]& ?
return 0; ; F4 {$ V2 @5 m+ g2 E$ m, X. `
} 8 B' q# e" |+ K: j/ [
& R- S9 m# \0 r+ Q6 b4 t1 L
" k, f2 K$ \8 F3 M: {, Q/ `" F

, S" s* @/ @; m7 s n0 s" }函数名: getmaxx 
$ U# _1 O5 i* x功能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标
' Y8 V& e2 |* i+ C% k; ~用法: int far getmaxx(void);
) V* E0 g) @7 H, |: [: c0 D; @程序例: 
# N" f! b2 S% L" H+ e6 Y#include <GRAPHICS.H>* |* b1 m" a( k5 Q
#include <STDLIB.H>
" f) v- K3 p* a/ G#include <STDIO.H>
' U6 k( i F3 Q% Q# v9 X8 Z- K#include <CONIO.H>4 W4 j, J7 j9 U( Z: o9 P
int main(void)
+ V% R0 s) U* R1 |2 t; d( A0 }{ 8 P, n$ W! F3 R; P( b% H: n. C, H
/* request auto detection */
0 X) H9 ?8 X1 C4 [+ R( jint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; . b( H8 q3 U! e; J! |6 z+ i) h
int midx, midy;
: I, `9 a$ x, v: ?9 c' Nchar xrange[80], yrange[80]; 
0 e; J1 z% D1 G/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, o! n2 R3 P+ O% uinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
$ A1 p. {+ l+ J5 n; u( h6 w' C/* read result of initialization */ 1 B1 x8 R: U: y% L: K
errorcode = graphresult(); & y+ l7 a' J$ a8 |# X: `7 n
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ / r/ i. [$ b$ M
{
) N, ]! k8 t: D1 f% wprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
3 h3 n! u) M9 p; l: \printf("Press any key to halt:");
2 Q# V( A) Q; N ^" t. _$ ]getch(); * d! {- V* `; R6 _$ K" E* j A: Q
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! J8 _4 D: \' L5 u: c& q0 }9 Y
} * x% t' ~: J" u- H4 T4 G3 f, _! S
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
8 j+ W7 Z7 q4 O# R. i; V( zmidy = getmaxy() / 2; / d7 j0 h2 [$ r8 ~: ?
/* convert max resolution values into strings */ 5 r& C; m% F9 Q- A* D- L9 R. O0 V
sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
! a: b, [0 g7 x% usprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); ; m& X6 _/ o! R, \
/* display the information */ & I7 m, o# C$ W& G9 {3 U
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); , m! V" D$ X& v6 J( `$ t; V$ Z
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
. p2 h. X" L7 |" j7 Touttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 
7 h% n* `% F9 l) y1 w/* clean up */
 q# Q0 H; o; T4 a- I* w2 Ogetch();
6 L8 l* A" v/ i4 u$ iclosegraph(); 5 {. a' t6 K9 R9 E: }, ?
return 0;
; I5 ?8 n: v& `% N$ J; E( z$ s} K! s! D0 ~/ c
9 o. |+ Q' G4 K0 I' B; M
3 w6 P' H3 C0 B" a
函数名: getmaxy $ M, c2 y `* O/ C
功能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标 2 }" p k& c R8 Y
用法: int far getmaxy(void);
3 G. T4 y+ w$ P0 s/ R程序例: : v" O. h) t1 h" F/ x1 J# ?
#include <GRAPHICS.H>2 g" b7 W: I2 ~" |
#include <STDLIB.H>
1 ?* i. f, ~. j#include <STDIO.H>9 P9 B3 ^# S% j
#include <CONIO.H>1 l3 x0 X+ p# p8 n1 K$ U- X: E4 {
int main(void) * w& _3 L6 Z4 n) ~
{
! g9 J2 M% T3 [/* request auto detection */
# }, R" g4 c2 F6 [! O2 O6 N4 jint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; + s8 c9 Z1 D' ~
int midx, midy; + P( b6 p0 E+ @5 G
char xrange[80], yrange[80]; 8 M! l$ h! I+ R7 k# J
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / o2 E7 |8 \! P1 L: x
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
% ? M" o' N3 c5 p/* read result of initialization */
, _9 I, }/ R$ g6 T2 I# herrorcode = graphresult();
/ y( V) Y9 L" f$ mif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 2 {0 N" Q3 P; i) y) y1 l
{
% w6 D% B6 H1 Z; ~printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. x, v% U1 \8 T8 L$ N: v' [printf("Press any key to halt:");
% t- }0 A7 G* D5 l3 |8 ^" _6 ugetch();
4 e$ _9 D# ?9 ~0 yexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
3 s" R3 b3 o2 R7 _( r( W} 
4 K% ^6 k" ~3 Wmidx = getmaxx() / 2; + i5 m0 {) l3 v, `7 O: m
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
! J% r, c# ~+ L u Y/ B5 \8 P/* convert max resolution values into strings */ 1 J0 ?8 ~1 f& N K5 X1 P" J' M
sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
: b: g4 u2 E- r2 csprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
9 }( S) j. f9 s. G/* display the information */
. n" k* Q: n7 C7 h7 x5 `settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
; w8 [9 j7 L [3 m0 o6 y4 _8 w- s5 Uouttextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
8 K6 \/ F( I- R3 youttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); * g7 M4 q4 d: d$ p1 v
/* clean up */ / @0 c7 @) ~/ |6 b1 l% b* T
getch();
2 f+ J+ ~2 |) {; B9 ^+ U% V. iclosegraph();
 |! u z1 w) |& wreturn 0; + Y8 S2 f) T. |# k
} ; p7 H$ @' O1 F6 N" T6 x3 E

8 ]$ D+ r; h4 s' z函数名: getmodename + G, _4 S/ I! ?( C
功能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针
8 m9 i3 @% v+ ?9 `# E2 J用法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name);
2 U" \1 J# x6 I$ L4 B2 \程序例: 4 c& E; j' P+ G+ A' r
#include <GRAPHICS.H>' J/ q L, o, T% ]" x8 B
#include <STDLIB.H>1 U* `! Z e. w2 t K" w
#include <STDIO.H>
) P( W9 i" d, |1 M: `#include <CONIO.H>- u% Y4 o6 k5 F, b% }) Q7 w1 X
int main(void) % [# G! w7 E/ n, x" a
{ 5 W4 g7 {" A' g+ @1 ?& ~# Y4 G
/* request autodetection */ 3 q0 r( r8 _: f% G5 i8 l
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
' Q6 M$ p6 l' M& E9 r Rint midx, midy, mode; ) G# l. A% r& H& s
char numname[80], modename[80]; 
$ ^& G. q$ [) l/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . P9 ~$ k+ {& q& p# K
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
8 `3 V2 X. ?5 o6 O+ s/* read result of initialization */ ! q# X7 t7 w7 d" b& \
errorcode = graphresult(); ! j: W+ G! } q0 W/ [2 @
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- {$ W: X6 Y i{ 7 J& C. C& I1 l) Q: t& r. t2 r+ t4 @- u$ K
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * ?3 f) ?/ l9 m% u! t, h+ x2 l$ }, F
printf("Press any key to halt:");
5 i1 ~& k, V) |+ l* J0 s; Agetch(); 3 s$ C. ~% g' D4 z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 E! }' M3 I: `/ G% g} ) ] \- F9 j' o# o# _: K6 u; Y
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
* F, y( Q' ?1 f3 Y% c. z" v( smidy = getmaxy() / 2; 9 F! f% _: v! \# V, y
/* get mode number and name strings */
. b8 t* Y7 G# Y x P9 t$ gmode = getgraphmode();
5 ?$ U) _9 R" H" ~0 Z- P/ Fsprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode);
3 z9 z. t" z; Rsprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); " J. ?$ |; V; c; L
/* display the information */
2 ?+ {% n9 h" I f0 ^settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
9 ?$ M2 E6 q8 E; Touttextxy(midx, midy, numname); 7 l/ X! p$ S1 _. J& g8 D( E& F7 m6 S2 }
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); + e8 ~3 X# A, V# b( F& ~
/* clean up */ # [! t' h8 V7 n c& T+ t+ H
getch(); # G6 ?; F0 C }. P/ O
closegraph(); - f0 N% i. e j2 H/ q! O3 Z
return 0; 6 C$ j% _& V' W+ n; L0 M
} 
- ^! g0 y* {7 ^+ G
% T) p1 ?9 q; e/ y4 l
# O0 N1 Z& s6 r! o8 {- z函数名: getmoderange
1 [0 S1 p! C+ G功能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围 , ?( j+ W' \( x
用法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode, - M4 v- {! s# z; b
int far *himode);
2 n. P5 w, t7 [+ S v# s程序例: / t, ?% y$ y3 T" Q
#include <GRAPHICS.H>) A3 L. @( ?! ]1 p& l1 T
#include <STDLIB.H>
) v% x5 n# {& R0 l6 p% ~( W3 b8 v#include <STDIO.H>/ }# b+ l$ c E
#include <CONIO.H>
# t3 F' A, b2 J/ X! J8 u/ u. nint main(void)
3 x' F( V; Y2 A9 }, y, h+ o. z6 |{ ) t! M( w6 R4 k3 O
/* request auto detection */ / K/ g% _1 y" T% l k
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
4 Y# f5 o' N0 X" P. Tint midx, midy; ; B% m# W6 v% @. O+ q5 A" d
int low, high; . a/ ^% I: t* b# B8 D/ @( Y3 ], R/ D
char mrange[80]; 6 e3 b6 E5 k' z$ W y# r, F
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
! {" x/ F( Z B& ~3 U8 kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ~. v1 l( A# w, t' e: ^4 I
/* read result of initialization */
& V3 m. s2 v7 d; f+ Y& @- Terrorcode = graphresult();
4 ` \, L- m! aif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
% q% @6 K/ r$ Q8 j M# n{
+ r6 q! J! |" N1 Bprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
' w0 X$ h; j9 f ?3 [) X" S4 wprintf("Press any key to halt:");
0 L1 v. q! K# |* @7 c, t1 v: L; \getch(); $ n* m5 Y, b/ r8 H
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
) d* `8 V( v6 M9 _5 N} 
" ]% o( c$ H1 h) T; V! @) t( ]& k! Smidx = getmaxx() / 2; : A& |& L8 \! ?
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
* X8 C' O. e' k/* get the mode range for this driver */ # o! o6 t, m% ~; i7 c
getmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); - x( d' T5 _9 w8 I6 ~$ N
/* convert mode range info. into strings */
( c t0 p0 j Y5 W6 }sprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); 
1 H0 e& F' w' P, `, k! m% M B8 G/* display the information */
& i- W6 W7 {4 s0 psettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); . x1 f2 c: _6 d3 X" L o
outtextxy(midx, midy, mrange); 0 j! p- `) ]8 O
/* clean up */
& i6 u& |1 l1 ?5 Ogetch();
+ a7 K- M! G& J8 O- v& F6 \closegraph();
9 S, M6 Y2 C- E# } l$ Freturn 0; $ @! f/ Y! b' N9 F$ l4 f8 o0 R
}
/ j- V$ c0 K6 r5 v- p' u1 B4 H T; N! A1 B& ]! y& A
3 v: N" _! M! S. ~& R7 D
函数名: getpalette 8 U/ [; N) e* A [/ ~$ e6 _
功能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息
 M& p% O$ d2 Y( i8 |2 ^用法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette);
9 M6 ?) b! h% Y+ S5 }$ D程序例: 
% M* U; A! o5 `% `#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( |7 S8 m7 e" `" u8 Q#include <STDLIB.H>7 o0 r9 \: s' ?1 M( C
#include <STDIO.H>8 ]: n9 e$ L h9 ]9 E% _
#include <CONIO.H>( n1 X, K5 F) N
int main(void)
) K) o1 V8 X. k: X* Q$ X* i{
) {! e; \7 ~4 z/* request auto detection */ # v' E& e/ X2 b M& @4 f* U1 a& P/ E7 K
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
' _; g3 d; I2 m- j9 L" f$ G1 r" qstruct palettetype pal; ' v; O3 V8 H; p$ G
char psize[80], pval[20]; ! ]# F& u8 R: S2 C0 Q& @
int i, ht; 1 T; }- E, P; ~) `
int y = 10; 6 r C+ _4 M/ c+ i& I
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
' H- v/ W' `2 t Y' M# kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/ |. q* @+ S" r( Z. ?, J/* read result of initialization */ / H+ \0 I4 N/ v& h, K) u- s+ X& x8 R
errorcode = graphresult();
3 g( H% t2 U4 b$ E+ ~7 w/* an error occurred */
% N# ^3 Y( t) ~9 n: kif (errorcode != grOk) 5 |' z1 W' S$ }, k
{ 4 D# Q; D% A; [ D; s2 C" n9 i
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
9 m1 k, v1 {2 `* g) pgrapherrormsg(errorcode));
0 _+ m* x+ _. B9 y- L. Lprintf("Press any key to halt:");
' H9 p- ]. X/ o' fgetch();
 B( M$ q' M! X: r2 D9 N6 h1 H" E! W/* terminate with an error code */ 5 I- f4 j3 ^' u4 i
exit(1);
5 \- R+ P% H8 b y, ]! b} 
+ ^6 G4 P2 P" `& K1 F/* grab a copy of the palette */
* B% \& p* |" _( k. H0 ]- i7 P7 }getpalette(&pal); 
 V% m0 o! C, E7 |3 a$ B/* convert palette info. into strings */
" H: X9 F0 U/ |9 U; t: l8 Isprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \ 0 M: W6 T& N" L s
modifiable entries.", pal.size); , u: d0 S) B) _. J* B7 Y
/* display the information */ % Y6 h _5 {, J6 l7 p1 r# l
outtextxy(0, y, psize);
; [' m; `5 f9 h6 @5 B1 hif (pal.size != 0) % x* u* i# R9 Z3 O* N5 ?3 x
{ . @0 N! E; Q" I$ k# G; K. }
ht = textheight("W");
9 \7 S2 l- S2 |y += 2*ht; $ _+ o$ i I; T; X: _
outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \ - q- E4 g( ^# _& H0 i0 S
values:");
: V& P8 ]: k. j. ?2 }y += 2*ht; - o3 F3 S+ b1 Y1 d( V
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
: M# e0 y" v" _/ c2 Ssprintf(pval, + l S% f! _. ` m9 t, M( n( w
"palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i, ( R; e/ O+ {- Y$ B# w
pal.colors);
$ }4 b+ z7 |3 aouttextxy(0, y, pval);
 `, c6 Z& K7 m0 u} 0 K4 Y: @1 J( o- S& o
} 9 b' Y4 ~/ h( s$ g, f
/* clean up */
. R& T9 \: ^* W5 X/ cgetch(); 2 Y& a z1 L* P6 y
closegraph(); 2 h; q: j- r8 n/ D7 q
return 0; ( ?7 |* X" {& `% ?/ d( b, U
} & U5 m# W& P9 D

' E* U. r& {, T6 |1 |6 D) R9 ^, C函数名: getpass 
( s- S$ R& d4 Z3 d- ]功能: 读一个口令 , d) b3 E4 @: E4 ~8 s3 k
用法: char *getpass(char *prompt); : G* u( a; w; {" `2 ?
程序例: 
8 G7 i; b9 j; D2 W- d#include <CONIO.H>! r' ~ q/ i0 A8 y
int main(void) " ^7 V( @+ c _' | [0 U5 g
{
. j8 V$ c) e9 Y/ Z+ d7 Y. mchar *password; : K* F+ x9 Q0 n
password = getpass("Input a password:"); 3 X& s4 A0 X; f/ I- L) k
cprintf("The password is: %s\r\n",
; Q! ]5 [& y" {5 hpassword); " r) Y! E8 R% t Q( a: Q
return 0;
0 @& l5 K+ s2 G6 S/ D8 t3 q" @- t}
6 m) i, U" p2 L" U& }
; c5 C7 i, `8 {3 D/ W
! O' k; f1 Q- |4 M# u6 ?* m" J7 q+ X x' _4 N
函数名: getpixel 
2 t4 I) W" d" M! x功能: 取得指定像素的颜色
/ m! v! Q# ^% z& Z2 h, {, ^用法: int far getpixel(int x, int y);
) C/ l( A/ O5 l8 n, Q程序例: ) n- w! v+ M8 f \% d; l! q3 |
#include <GRAPHICS.H>. M# q$ q! E# Z ]$ a5 G
#include <STDLIB.H>$ k! j, D) x( ]. v. J9 b: l
#include <STDIO.H>1 n, G- A( j' y5 Z3 R2 a. P9 z
#include <CONIO.H>
9 T7 D& I/ ]- `3 w#include <DOS.H>8 k7 |* t" P/ {/ ^: V9 Q# `+ e
#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000 . u! J. I( g% J. F) a; w$ z
#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */ ) S, I9 [/ \- K; M( _
int main(void)
* u3 d1 O6 Q- q, g{ 5 s) E& }- @* q/ k
/* request auto detection */ & [/ j _) }" @! [
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 3 ^, V. X, R& q5 a, e: E4 b
int i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy,
! G" M* D! H0 \/ n3 U: Amaxcolor, seed; 3 L1 I7 O f, O: r" E
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ! g! u6 e+ l' Y) [: q# T
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
' N6 a; Q9 [! Q( ]: B, w/* read result of initialization */
3 H/ c* n* T) |+ M1 r( W }$ gerrorcode = graphresult();
4 ?2 G3 m o' S& K/ N/* an error occurred */
) ?( E) [9 ^# y# k+ x- Vif (errorcode != grOk) " f- _ U1 c5 y( B4 @3 `6 Z4 {
{ 6 Y# u1 A- X. m" N0 X
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
0 K* Z8 \4 c) k1 b0 i y" Qgrapherrormsg(errorcode));
, t4 d4 V1 C l3 gprintf("Press any key to halt:");
2 t. W7 T' G" t9 e" ^" {getch();
1 T: a( V6 @+ O! t" }; L/* terminate with an error code */ 1 d8 b4 O+ h9 z7 ]
exit(1);
' K7 n6 [6 G Q} 
9 G) g: w0 M6 F: V- @0 N" Nmaxx = getmaxx() + 1; 7 u7 T3 c! Q; ^7 R, Y
maxy = getmaxy() + 1; ) E7 c$ R9 K. x8 x# Y
maxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; 
7 f% I& E x0 r4 _# _9 o' s+ q+ rwhile (!kbhit()) . t/ { N9 w! p$ v) r
{
. @# [" {' G% _ P; \, a) ~/* seed the random number generator */ 1 R# ]# R! h' _* `) C* \3 {: Y7 q; B, y
seed = random(32767); 8 ]7 C$ g7 s! T( D8 O2 t4 Z; Q2 f+ W
srand(seed); ! x- H9 X h+ T
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
" q: X! S& O& ]3 Z. N- q9 v# {x = random(maxx); / F% s0 ^! F" j1 v6 ]' \( ]( L
y = random(maxy);
6 |/ A1 O3 Q! rcolor = random(maxcolor); / {# W y* |2 R: k+ r( D& @8 m
putpixel(x, y, color); $ a! l; x. N: X
} 
' G1 b& {, @' M' _delay(DELAY_TIME);
% Z5 H6 B6 u) K1 F# h4 gsrand(seed);
5 S! p0 S: J- |9 a3 `for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
$ X# c2 q) H6 jx = random(maxx);
, p0 M2 d, F% M7 m' Dy = random(maxy);
8 y# `) n9 P( q0 p- ocolor = random(maxcolor); . X3 D. ^& H! B i ~
if (color == getpixel) 
# i0 Q0 @% [( y8 }$ } I7 [- s函数名: gets
7 y9 z k. I, u! }- y功能: 从流中取一字符串
7 x, [9 m1 r8 F9 X用法: char *gets(char *string); $ g7 I1 n3 K O- N( S: C& N
程序例: 
* R8 p2 X8 `2 ^/ l#include <STDIO.H>7 m- E3 c4 P, |& I+ m6 `! ~4 V
int main(void) 9 x+ K6 k' f' s& z, Q
{ + b, j4 H7 e! `+ ?9 I5 J7 ]' L U
char string[80]; 6 J y$ t! y4 e3 e
printf("Input a string:");
: ~7 e9 P1 n4 @' {( {- w+ l: Mgets(string);
# w3 i3 y A+ f! _9 ?# d0 N! k! Pprintf("The string input was: %s\n",
: x/ [1 x' H0 z: ?string); & v% r+ ~1 [4 u3 H: h) A
return 0; 9 c# F8 s# w3 y/ I6 J, u6 F3 X
} 2 r I1 O! N" j& G

$ y! h! d+ A( b
, G7 N" l- B& N7 @6 _' l函数名: gettext 
3 u- z u( T, V功能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区
3 P9 V& w1 H C# q$ }+ ~$ M3 \& z用法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin);
% x/ y& x: c T" J程序例: 
5 c- ]( V% J9 A3 x* [0 a. I#include <CONIO.H>
- F- M) Y, a5 t3 @1 Pchar buffer[4096]; ! s: z( N1 l1 \0 a' W& d R
int main(void)
 v2 E4 E$ B7 w# z$ L _{
# ] s" z5 {) F# Jint i;
$ s7 m/ v1 P) y* m5 j+ Rclrscr();
6 T% j/ q& K% @8 H: U( ofor (i = 0; i <= 20; i++)
. ~ t# Q; d& s# kcprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i);
* h* h3 t8 b+ T# \; Ogettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
0 M, j3 a5 [3 F6 |, r+ Jgotoxy(1, 25); 4 T$ r6 q1 |1 s- m5 z
cprintf("Press any key to clear screen...");
5 q/ c6 I8 X2 @getch();
5 F& j3 b: z* H" kclrscr(); - B+ D' z6 [# G5 e D
gotoxy(1, 25); ! y! v, f5 J$ R& ^; |
cprintf("Press any key to restore screen..."); + U. y* X5 k ]" ~! y
getch();
" j f8 q4 b8 c, g; ~' Dputtext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); / S8 p4 t% k8 |' d
gotoxy(1, 25); @% w" E5 E/ F% t. c
cprintf("Press any key to quit...");
2 I Q' A* m( T$ C5 E' C0 @. Y) Lgetch(); , [& j+ l/ C2 r, Y) G. ^3 V; Z
return 0; ) C7 m# R& g1 U. v7 q' B
} 6 r2 B: q n. Z" d% F9 m$ U

+ J' }# g+ q" t, \- `; ^6 U& _4 }- [. P' I! ^% B
函数名: gettextinfo
/ z! h9 I5 m9 t1 j; w9 Q功能: 取得文本模式的显示信息
9 {. ^3 {7 \) }, [: O! \# n用法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec); + m' q4 B) o. F8 J+ O2 k+ Q: [
程序例: 
& y5 B/ K# E) P, _#include <CONIO.H>. s. O$ t* |; B
int main(void)
( o8 ~$ L: L4 o5 ?{ 2 `( r( p# Q- I1 Z# z
struct text_info ti; ( V! l0 D# w! x) t t, ?0 k Y/ J" p
gettextinfo(&ti); 0 Z: l( Y1 |$ ]3 M* [% |! ~
cprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft);
" h% Y* a. z6 [1 D8 W2 ccprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop);
$ Y" d; j( v# z9 J8 y' M xcprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright);
; O" \" g9 r0 Z2 S1 {( l! e* ~cprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom); 0 l, I/ z* V" t$ b; k z
cprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute); + `/ o2 F5 d/ U) U
cprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr);
) T6 r$ W" k3 }- V' `! _3 wcprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode);
; r$ t; k* A8 Ycprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight); 1 z$ J4 M: l: ?8 H- D
cprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth);
/ [) D! N: m3 K. {, @" K9 v/ j! jcprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx); ; U: g% V# m, o5 G/ [) B
cprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury); 9 h- k7 H$ w" q
return 0;
1 k- B6 @* {& w} - N4 v. o" z/ o7 D* e i

! ?# J+ Z" |/ I9 V* |7 D5 ` O/ A% u4 Z) u# m
函数名: gettextsettings 
1 L( q3 u P& z9 {7 u功能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息
" U8 q- u" G6 M* _( Y7 S2 N C# t用法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo); 0 R7 F( S. g+ T0 i G
程序例: 
6 X" z, t( b* n& u3 f0 x! I#include <GRAPHICS.H>6 k ^1 b& t5 T" v: J7 \, z
#include <STDLIB.H>- v4 d3 y' k/ X) O9 J
#include <STDIO.H>
5 m5 h m1 |- e#include <CONIO.H>
8 X+ B" _* W. t$ z( i$ t/* the names of the fonts supported */ " w6 V4 C; I, L0 C8 u. O
char *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT", : L$ G2 F1 y5 e. W+ A# Z
"TRIPLEX_FONT",
* H6 }9 L( O3 X( {7 {# x"SMALL_FONT",
2 y' J3 P Q4 u"SANS_SERIF_FONT", 6 E" K( j+ _' A) [4 [
"GOTHIC_FONT"
% h- z+ u0 l$ g2 I1 |# ~6 u}; 
( _, I# o) M# E! x/* the names of the text directions supported */ * u) Q* c$ Y, l& o, t" O$ e L; ~
char *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" }; 5 I, ]; d2 O' R2 }- R$ E5 q! p8 S
/* horizontal text justifications supported */ / X6 u0 f+ n3 f7 z8 e! z9 k! L
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" }; 
/* vertical text justifications supported */
9 m% Z9 A( a" L, ]8 |! wchar *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" }; 6 Y' |, X7 z3 ` J3 w/ X
int main(void) $ c& j3 q& N) O8 P* K# R9 f
{
8 Q+ z( v& \$ O* }/* request auto detection */ 2 Q) s0 I( E/ X5 p% [6 P. T
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
: e7 M W# ~3 D. }& T4 ]" n. Ostruct textsettingstype textinfo;
$ t! D6 e8 k. R, mint midx, midy, ht;
0 \0 ]( l+ F' V* ]char fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80];
/ w! a/ F- v3 b! H7 c! Y1 n1 Jchar hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; 4 Y, h* S; q7 n! W( @1 j
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
. I' {, R! U W1 Yinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
9 e& w; i1 l+ X) T% Y/* read result of initialization */
# ^: k9 H' z2 S. S2 Lerrorcode = graphresult();
9 c$ l0 I5 S8 i- ]! Dif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ . `/ P, F) h; ]; k
{
* @( \) z/ y" Pprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
! z' ~5 O! f5 r" n2 k z6 Cprintf("Press any key to halt:");
; w+ V% ~" B, ^# d' J. Q0 _getch(); ' j+ S: a, p* l k
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
& e) i6 h5 ]6 R& [$ K$ n1 t4 x# ]} 
; e: W8 [! v; i: s. o1 rmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
( a O7 u* P+ @/ q9 J2 kmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
+ s! q% A% n9 ^, l: g/* get information about current text settings */ 4 b8 k( x+ H: H% a, Y' _! u
gettextsettings(&textinfo); 
* Z1 b# K# {/ ^( l0 j* ?/* convert text information into strings */ * i% t- d2 I: {# j+ A3 @& |
sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]); # G' u. v. z2 p* b2 }$ p( T' ~
sprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]);
) y! _: g- C1 _ J) e( fsprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize); 5 u/ j0 a! w: _
sprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.", , M# j! V6 g2 N' j3 e( F
hjust[textinfo.horiz]); 8 @; a7 m" D$ a Y* y6 A f0 M
sprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.",
4 q) r& r9 A' P4 z6 D6 ]) ivjust[textinfo.vert]); 
9 L2 I6 l( B! J+ V# P3 J/* display the information */ 8 |3 y7 V/ U, {0 X: h8 G
ht = textheight("W"); # K, j) n4 @! Q" n
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
+ O! S! ~) B0 y; z% Mouttextxy(midx, midy, fontstr);
 l4 i* n7 \& l2 B3 Iouttextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr);
* F0 X$ L: z6 C$ G: Y4 ?+ ~) ]0 souttextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr); ( T6 B r. w, y/ f4 y& z( U
outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr); * c! Z2 p, T. y1 Z* K' B& q
outtextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); 
5 I) Z* c1 n0 h% c- k% z/* clean up */ ' Y( U+ _, @) f9 J, U4 A
getch(); # m) f$ O; w: A! F9 y
closegraph(); & s* r: C; j& q+ A' E
return 0; 9 Z* d+ q4 r$ v. X
} 
. s. d% C+ x+ @/ H2 s8 t: M+ A
: j9 d& t8 Y, v" w& x1 i函数名: gettime m( g# I, W6 I/ A
功能: 取得系统时间
3 |, r8 W% v( D% t, {# I3 y用法: void gettime(struct time *timep); 9 S( M) m$ K2 N$ A. W2 G% h1 ?4 W
程序例: 
- r! c* I0 W" s) X#include <STDIO.H>! P1 t) |. v0 f, L l% Q' c4 d
#include <DOS.H>. n+ p! F/ X+ c+ i7 k7 w& y9 L. @
int main(void)
3 n2 ?6 i1 P5 C, p! ]. U$ u5 ]) Q{ / t1 Y- l3 Q' C
struct time t; * x" t. ?8 m/ p' y0 j( ~; B
gettime(&t);
' z9 L& [# G j: a1 R0 C+ Qprintf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", , e' w% \- m+ X( E$ P% X) Q8 d4 L
t.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund);
0 n+ `0 Z: H* U7 i& }/ M, O# O' sreturn 0;
0 T/ J0 ?. g" _. F) l9 E}
$ J; O1 h1 O9 I1 X2 G) _( I7 z: l/ A' y7 ]; x# N

" Q) r% p. p/ J8 b
0 [; E8 Q9 }, t1 j) r' l; a+ @8 C* g函数名: getvect + c N! l+ t6 i9 D7 z) `
功能: 取得中断向量入口
, W8 w0 y, P3 k& l& N7 L用法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num));
- ?% `1 W& z# S7 W: H程序例: ! P! U" |. a; ^+ v* M% ^) ^; f0 e% n
#include <STDIO.H>
6 f- W$ {/ B" s8 h2 N% u* y- v#include <DOS.H>& a {+ P P, Z \3 l
void interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */ 
2 W; H+ y* K+ L; L% Pvoid interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */ * }5 W3 \" E. n$ p4 k! K
int looping = 1; 
& `8 G) ~* a4 i: e6 u. ~5 i- uint main(void)
+ P& x1 u# |* S: x' R0 C{
' _8 M& S( A. t kputs("Press <SHIFT><PRT Sc>to terminate"); / m/ v+ Q6 @! q6 O
/* save the old interrupt */ # b i7 k# z( L9 m( s
oldfunc = getvect(5); 1 V$ i) A; h2 z7 `
/* install interrupt handler */
( h1 O3 C/ z, i& nsetvect(5,get_out); 
* T+ \3 J; R0 ~/* do nothing */
) E/ e! k& ~1 x4 @2 R% ~# Awhile (looping); 
1 v- v. f8 K8 q3 w& t/* restore to original interrupt routine */ 6 B9 O* u8 M% w3 p8 {
setvect(5,oldfunc); 7 K# K: r- O" r
puts("Success"); + d @2 u2 D+ |9 i
return 0;
& x5 P6 O) j; C4 f" \& \}
0 e9 r/ o. \6 O* W: O7 \" q/ G1 _void interrupt get_out()
5 F2 l7 q8 a/ Z* D' Y9 ^# J{
2 _$ A6 [$ d2 _looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */ 2 S, p) L% e3 m6 N6 _ X) ? l
}
! P) V4 Z0 p# r
 g$ y# e3 j( Q, m1 z3 M; O/ U0 M2 L1 A( ~5 ^+ A% p( m
函数名: getverify 
$ D" Y0 {5 f) B功能: 返回DOS校验标志状态 1 w0 Z* N3 t, U1 |
用法: int getverify(void); ; }1 d+ ^. R2 {! \) U6 Y- @/ q
程序例: 
, o1 N: I* x6 a4 R! L( V#include <STDIO.H>
9 P$ p9 m1 W+ p% G0 |% V$ P( p1 ~#include <DOS.H>; b% E* q8 _8 d) z
int main(void)
6 O* _1 P6 t, {{ . }5 J: \! _, F
if (getverify())
; Y! G8 k: n+ U1 A# Pprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
0 @ i+ e ]" Y5 \$ [' }+ melse 5 R. f3 m) H' H0 b9 I. a! p, y6 p
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n");
8 |3 z# G' @6 K1 p& Mreturn 0; : d8 C- H% e4 M" j/ t4 l
}
8 c+ X4 y0 B# z0 J" w1 y; H* d! h- |0 o/ a1 C
函数名: getviewsetting * u& ]' h3 T2 v$ A9 T- e/ G
功能: 返回有关当前视区的信息
2 Q: k9 M- w& Q& U用法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport);
& u( F1 M( T% K/ Q5 a. u程序例: 
5 a* K$ ^! h: c. C* V( z* ~# \; _#include <GRAPHICS.H>3 J: L: X/ o- a' w7 b, b7 a1 _- B
#include <STDLIB.H>* Y3 o4 }* h7 c
#include <STDIO.H>
% ]+ b! j8 w- F( @) @7 I0 h#include <CONIO.H>: w# d- D& P& t0 i w
char *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" }; 
1 G1 J- B. \ x, E. G/ rint main(void)
% a6 g$ V; f$ {{ ; v' Z" r# K& ? Y& w
/* request auto detection */ - L9 a9 R/ x% Y
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
: @" }. }9 t, A9 fstruct viewporttype viewinfo; 5 A3 o+ i; u( m1 |3 s9 T
int midx, midy, ht;
' d- _4 x( i" q; H1 Achar topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; # b( ] c0 x, A2 i
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: V! T/ ^4 K9 H- ?$ tinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ) J( D6 J7 L; F
/* read result of initialization */
4 h; x/ P5 `; C8 Uerrorcode = graphresult(); - u) _" B- U( A2 y1 a" K+ X/ w7 n
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ % w6 t2 g+ T% a, k, D. o P
{
5 s. ?5 {! z7 x( V5 P; Kprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
! U3 O/ x& K$ W; C: gprintf("Press any key to halt:");
; f( h$ ~. `9 ~' b5 o* G Mgetch();
0 O+ o' W5 h( d! H6 F, g: Aexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
9 O- [. q0 |, Z* x' Z! k7 u, U. Y} 
: o+ d* E' G3 pmidx = getmaxx() / 2; * M! z& _+ P3 P6 _
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
6 d E) b/ z2 \/* get information about current viewport */
; r: q4 q" o8 O/ t$ F2 jgetviewsettings(&viewinfo); & `2 \3 C5 U% ]- ~
/* convert text information into strings */
7 r: [: m9 q6 I- ssprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.",
1 h+ o# t. o: T% f4 Zviewinfo.left, viewinfo.top); ) C+ [8 L/ U( E
sprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.",
2 `# N- J0 J3 L. L5 U" \/ z6 W9 iviewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom);
( ]) E; w- \; C9 ] U+ n5 |sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); ) j& I+ ?) a( D1 {1 o5 r: V
/* display the information */ # o7 Z2 v6 a: `$ y
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 2 I" J5 S" A2 r$ V. k
ht = textheight("W");
1 g6 X$ Y( v9 a4 T C& @outtextxy(midx, midy, topstr);
5 C' O* \/ z c, l# ~outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr); & i# O& Z8 N6 z7 X/ Q
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); # l+ U8 b+ G7 q- r, y& n) {& j
/* clean up */
) a. O3 M* M! Wgetch(); 1 u2 |5 k# H! z# O
closegraph(); ) e ~1 ?4 k D$ I0 T
return 0; ( I8 I; P( k, z. {' f& V1 A
} ! k/ B: \; R1 Y+ h8 J: w* m* p
$ ^3 B$ L6 G+ q5 j

% |) n9 H3 v1 w' k6 R函数名: getw 
# r1 s1 E5 m$ k" h1 A5 N功能: 从流中取一整数 8 ^/ m4 z, n" ~8 L
用法: int getw(FILE *strem); 7 n4 G$ s: C6 Z, r2 x% `
程序例: 
( z* y/ y/ Z" y2 }9 ` H#include <STDIO.H>7 N l5 c7 v# N8 j4 G
#include <STDLIB.H>
& l/ {& x2 @( R% _' Z#define FNAME "test.$$$" 
 i5 J4 {9 H% y6 s$ Q' _int main(void)
/ d# E3 T) f9 I. m" z( M& J4 Q{ - I& l0 X( M8 }: ~* L2 q% D
FILE *fp; 8 m$ j: F' @1 @% z1 C
int word; 
1 v5 w: [ U. D; O2 e/* place the word in a file */
/ B. p' U5 }) c; L$ k) l4 bfp = fopen(FNAME, "wb");
0 ]3 \1 A- K; r( h: g! ?if (fp == NULL)
* e& r# x+ m$ Y5 g5 Q5 P{ & N) K7 s! k" {7 Z) y+ q V# A
printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); , A8 Y7 e) L o/ W' y
exit(1); / r% y6 d( p M D5 @+ _
} 
4 q( ~; l" @/ Dword = 94;
( ^* V, c: n& B5 nputw(word,fp);
 q$ N2 F$ b' Q0 ]+ b& e3 aif (ferror(fp))
) h- W5 ~/ i! M+ O& Uprintf("Error writing to file\n");
2 {) v/ X5 k! P- ~& lelse
; Q* v% g6 b. g$ H( O& yprintf("Successful write\n"); / E- l4 Z% R- o* }4 {
fclose(fp); & b, Y/ L; e0 U Y, u; o7 D+ S0 O
/* reopen the file */
8 X3 }& H" Q- Y2 Rfp = fopen(FNAME, "rb");
- ?/ S: I' r' H" X8 R$ o& iif (fp == NULL) ; G/ X$ ]: |0 v5 G" C
{
% C: \' j/ p- gprintf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME);
& G7 f4 L% T) c# Q5 v0 i3 gexit(1); ! u8 G' S( T" J. j6 G# N* h
} 
& D3 C6 \9 P& K& T8 A8 B/* extract the word */
1 t, E% M+ y, f0 ~) H1 Lword = getw(fp);
4 c: C; U0 x7 sif (ferror(fp))
$ y7 Y6 |* p% F, Mprintf("Error reading file\n"); * e1 g/ }9 v& _0 O$ n. R7 |8 q
else : D( w5 S) X6 J' i' d) c
printf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); & I6 t, I8 a& ^; a+ }
/* clean up */
" v' D! H0 d9 @fclose(fp);
" \! ~+ `4 o3 _unlink(FNAME); 
& L+ p3 j+ n w& z2 {4 hreturn 0; E% {/ p1 b; \4 y( \( M5 u, N
} # N0 D* _: s! D! B# F. H$ K* B

4 Y) v# n( p+ A/ h
, }$ y1 t( n6 m; E
 T) @6 i3 ?- U函数名: getx 0 _; Z8 H9 q6 T. T9 o0 `) f* H4 c
功能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标
/ g6 y& o! \9 f% n) a' f用法: int far getx(void);
0 @6 |3 d) ` e) O+ ^程序例: 1 E1 k9 G9 }5 \( _6 X. }$ x
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
! y$ l/ y* w9 C) F) `#include <STDLIB.H>
9 o d# J" r" v$ n8 a' P/ c#include <STDIO.H>
' k3 @( p6 s5 j( k# q% u" o#include <CONIO.H>+ L( f8 A" n9 T {$ r% v! J1 H
int main(void) * h: A! A, w, p& y0 L- R7 d
{
4 F7 x: z3 L9 Y) m8 y# C8 ]/* request auto detection */
* [8 H$ _9 p) Q: P6 d" u/ K0 qint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% e9 S; T! D8 K- b# r: |char msg[80]; 
5 t" o9 ~ e2 S9 I7 v/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 g$ E" W8 W1 ]& Z7 d( a2 e
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 1 a) N+ h# Y$ h7 ^- [8 @6 k
/* read result of initialization */
3 [/ T1 M+ O. f) G( C+ }, v8 nerrorcode = graphresult(); : B x- g2 V `3 {# Y+ S) Z$ H `3 ~7 N% _
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ % m& c; S! m: w, t
{ & { K0 N* l: O( N/ e" y7 E' i' T2 f
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); , _5 \& ] O' E9 h2 r) k
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 4 P4 M' X$ T( d, w* K" t( ^* U
getch(); 0 p" C2 _5 V! b" H! \
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ; _5 c! d# d# Z# \6 O
} / u8 e* k0 L' r0 f
/* move to the screen center point */ 1 I4 |6 Y+ C$ y! y) s9 f5 ]# m6 P% O
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 6 k* D! O6 a y
/* create a message string */ ; O* U4 h. W; o
sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 4 f g& \; |, o
/* display the message */ - M1 H! c6 i$ ~
outtext(msg); $ Z2 v* q- `3 {& Q3 i
/* clean up */ ' Z" e$ ~( b2 O9 X5 W
getch();
0 S3 d( {7 R: {: P, Cclosegraph();
2 \2 E3 |2 J7 U/ K) A0 ^return 0; 3 O9 X1 s! p4 x# f0 i+ R8 `9 n9 t
} 
) G+ |0 m- t) G5 a" e$ [
' ]( F# o5 B$ C% _( r/ O5 L# l: w- x. y' ^ i- F' ^; r# f
函数名: gety 1 t- B5 c$ [8 S4 |& @
功能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标
# T; x) b, [9 C' x7 P用法: int far gety(void);
* \( D3 X5 \9 e; L+ Z( u% n! E# g9 x程序例: 0 q/ x9 B* f( {; O6 r
#include <GRAPHICS.H>8 G" f0 p `% E+ h( I% t
#include <STDLIB.H>$ d3 l7 ?9 C4 `/ z8 U# }
#include <STDIO.H>* H3 H" m" O/ ~( F5 \0 T
#include <CONIO.H>6 y9 c, R% m0 Z& b- I9 j- u9 x* \& b
int main(void)
+ w$ M& j7 a' H1 D{
- I9 G3 j f9 ]/* request auto detection */
0 N: ^4 t- q3 W" C! ?int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ^! `; |! F4 a( w5 x' N9 T
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" }7 [* K! s; r8 w+ f9 ]0 ninitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); / R2 ?; n& [& \0 g, l3 }
/* read result of initialization */ 4 Z" m6 ~; t& N7 q) ^6 o. G
errorcode = graphresult();
 d# Y) B& Z: w. [7 [4 Bif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 0 ~- K) q( _9 D; ~9 A5 G$ o/ s0 }& O3 a
{
! L) _% O7 Q" d7 Q% \7 n9 qprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); : D6 g5 L2 p+ |7 t6 s+ |' j% I2 f7 ]
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 K( N2 a: { D+ M. [6 @7 C- o% Wgetch();
4 p8 f* q& C5 D% `exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 7 s% U$ Q, L6 D" C! a9 C* M9 |
} % ~- L: s/ ?; W& j
/* move to the screen center point */ 7 [# z2 T+ Y' P9 i7 Z1 Z' O' w
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 
: L- V1 v( j b3 {" K9 A0 F: o/* create a message string */
+ q! |5 m u) P, J* R' Z3 Wsprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 
, l( c* d% U @/* display the message */ % o5 P) ~( r( b& K: r
outtext(msg); 
5 T. D, q0 P, U( V5 a+ R# ?: E+ p/* clean up */ * G1 n$ A4 u. T8 `- k5 m- y, }5 U
getch();
- O; g I) u3 G; zclosegraph(); 3 n9 i5 ~6 f" ?+ ?6 h8 c' E" n
return 0; + A' J% J# B1 s! G% G" S) S2 W& @
} - P4 [ t. U' ?7 K# G$ A T0 Z+ o

) K+ U) @2 j0 V, N1 p! d! p. t
5 {/ W8 `* K' w- H2 @2 l0 O函数名: gmtime 
! y+ n! K2 z! x- k9 f功能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT) : B/ [4 r; c( I
用法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock); ' a T) |( C3 o9 [" d5 q
程序例: 
* _% H& v Y0 B9 S" a1 S#include <STDIO.H>2 H |* J, r& e
#include <STDLIB.H>
! t e$ Z5 S9 W w#include <TIME.H>! U$ Z; z$ U/ n, s# }( ^
#include <DOS.H>& v ]0 ^: A' h) Z
/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */ : m+ w) T1 v& [# P" Z1 Y$ O
char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; 
8 y( B/ C# ?3 J2 \int main(void) , }5 B7 ? r$ P7 {3 C- U
{ 1 a' B+ Q' T$ _# y# A
time_t t; : I: g5 ~- h3 q& M! c+ R
struct tm *gmt, *area; & h( O) o J c+ M" ~! m9 p5 h
putenv(tzstr);
2 m; s9 e6 c; itzset(); * j$ I8 o1 { }4 e/ |1 t
t = time(NULL); $ c, @. L" {+ P$ v1 e' B* Q. _' A
area = localtime(&t);
3 i& p( A. n9 f& Xprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); ; p/ N' K$ r- B- }' q
gmt = gmtime(&t); . F7 E' B* W3 Z4 w8 B6 `9 j% ~( G
printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt)); ; S7 `; U, B1 Z
return 0;
4 z9 V. L! _+ K# W. m} $ B: z( n: ? g9 O; K5 n
" I3 N7 N7 |' e) L8 j9 h9 Q* \

3 }; ~2 h3 P+ j7 c& G* \1 E4 R函数名: gotoxy 
' o6 h# x; P4 \- S功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
+ F$ |9 q( Z7 |用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
$ J6 d. U4 F0 G% T0 s2 R( W程序例: % C) {" ]" h7 [+ K
#include <CONIO.H> i# a w4 x2 z: G1 {/ A5 w
int main(void)
! P1 C' @, C0 b8 V4 E{ . \, K/ o( q/ r* S; x- s1 E
clrscr(); $ f* W1 u0 V L5 x5 B
gotoxy(35, 12);
" {8 C6 u7 z& q& L0 i* s( p2 f, V& Qcprintf("Hello world");
9 H* ]4 i' n( i7 [2 jgetch();
# [1 \3 \. }( x- S. J2 breturn 0;
7 |) j* p! Z3 y, x7 [2 q8 A8 |} 0 o. L: ?( _; D& C& z( _3 H
( N6 T0 x& T* e$ Z
' H+ `) E+ [' i+ C5 L7 }
函数名: gotoxy 
1 {% S( i$ A* S! x) q5 t# d) [% U功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标 / o3 T) [6 }9 d* g8 d
用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y);
3 Q E/ o1 r; _程序例: 
$ f( W; |# B& P: q3 H, ]#include <CONIO.H>
, ]# H) D# o' W& G( gint main(void)
$ N: X e% y8 T) V{ & [% V! T6 ]" c# a" j( _: f$ J }
clrscr(); 1 v7 g/ Q* y2 ] ^
gotoxy(35, 12);
5 g# z0 d7 w: e! o- ~" T( Xcprintf("Hello world"); + Y! K0 p r7 f5 m
getch(); % n7 `" U# V/ j
return 0;
6 F! ^7 [6 C" y6 A& x} 6 b) T) h8 ^" {2 W4 ^! D
3 y8 t( P( g# M2 {, [- Z
$ C0 A# p4 Y7 C
函数名: graphdefaults 
, x1 y$ D; s% r t功能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值 3 W0 v* @# g9 e5 t, x
用法: void far graphdefaults(void);
2 S; D' C& q: [- z% L) }5 y程序例: & G, |9 `2 H8 r5 [ g+ P
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
+ P% [: X7 v, k- T, m* t#include <STDLIB.H>
$ X% C6 n6 p$ A) A) t#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
8 q: }2 ^5 P% n( i3 H9 a: cint main(void)
, h! p4 f2 s s3 G& D" T& c$ l' g{
5 _8 h: D( t$ Z% J7 m/* request auto detection */ 5 p k. v- t3 H* V1 m N
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 1 P( J1 U4 y) j# V w
int maxx, maxy; 0 A0 c; Y. y0 O8 R: T
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ) {, N+ u! @& k+ x& ~
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); 0 v. d$ u" R( S
/* read result of initialization */
) x$ W; ]& x+ _: x2 gerrorcode = graphresult(); # |) Y' e3 t! P2 C5 }
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
/ [$ ^% g0 K5 L8 [; a8 T# D: c{ 8 R! g& E/ f% S# \/ \2 `# U/ h5 h
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
) O" \( n. G$ h7 B, xprintf("Press any key to halt:"); " ]* y: B# O3 @
getch(); 6 m. [, M# f+ [& p3 ?
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 4 L4 U. Y( l) W& P5 F3 M- C
} 
. o9 i0 c7 j/ T( F( [! z* C5 xmaxx = getmaxx();
5 f) m5 ]& A; h) X4 T) ?maxy = getmaxy(); 
7 S% C' N$ s/ w, P) W6 S5 h/ U/* output line with non-default settings */ : I) b4 v7 i1 `' ]7 D" X- M6 \. ^' C2 ?
setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3); 0 y! |6 Z- i7 ~0 }. Z W
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy);
7 b4 P/ y0 S, y1 \, P9 fouttextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored.");
$ p$ t) Z6 o" [( m5 J1 Z0 Ugetch(); 4 X; u& I* y! }, ~, [
/* restore default values for everything */ ! f- l8 |1 Z$ O7 G
graphdefaults(); 
+ N! Z' _- W3 e0 |/ h/* clear the screen */
3 D, D5 B# S2 B% Q0 f2 r9 Xcleardevice(); % \3 ?& m3 m2 F- c5 s7 y3 U
/* output line with default settings */ 5 i1 j7 c6 f( V4 H
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 4 V1 a Q* I \& f5 R
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); 
/ ], w/ s/ _5 N5 F7 p- X ?0 z6 Z/* clean up */ 9 h' T# W, r8 y9 o( b7 i5 Y
getch();
. F A- ~8 F _" W8 T. k+ W* |closegraph(); 4 i$ N+ t( P2 v! g
return 0; X/ ~% [, W" _ N9 T
}
; O1 V- [. G. \$ r( [6 n) ^. W1 O
' r/ r4 D# @5 {: h$ [7 Q& S. a. i; ]9 h
函数名: grapherrormsg & ?! ?: h+ j, a4 c+ U
功能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针
/ n; q4 t: Z* b' j用法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode);
+ w \ F6 P! t! {: j4 ? d* P+ z程序例: 
: \+ V1 H# S+ n! T; O* a#include <GRAPHICS.H>4 M9 [. h E6 y2 `
#include <STDLIB.H>
$ g) l' c+ E8 v6 I+ P0 a! }#include <STDIO.H>
: Z# k+ r, u6 J# e#include <CONIO.H>
; \; E* B8 R. H$ O! ], {7 x#define NONSENSE -50 e- Q0 \0 i$ n
int main(void) : Y6 }! i, s$ Y/ E5 Z4 v! c
{ + @5 {$ i. }1 q3 m; }/ \; ?
/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */
5 p: A8 T+ Q% k; p4 Fint gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; ' m0 M2 V( m( [4 m1 ?2 C9 p/ P3 C
/* initialize graphics mode */
9 Z' I9 {3 L& S4 H _8 ninitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! H5 ]# e r& |; z/* read result of initialization */ 1 h; e" w2 j$ R3 j4 I8 I
errorcode = graphresult(); 2 a+ x4 g7 ~' m4 S% ]
/* if an error occurred, then output a */ ' \6 R. ^0 Q# f) t
/* descriptive error message. */ ; @4 {3 l( R$ c
if (errorcode != grOk) : ~; h; x5 F( Z0 z& C( f/ y
{
, B" O: p, l; xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, ~& y- y9 g( s1 x% qprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 4 E+ C& a: c6 U8 r5 M
getch();
. U/ l; h+ r* q4 V- B. |! s6 sexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 3 w3 y: l! j1 j7 C0 s% V
} # y3 X3 l: N& r! x+ i+ y1 K+ v
/* draw a line */
8 p6 w/ q. h" a- Nline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); . @ y7 m* q4 H: G3 D
/* clean up */ / B6 T# q! Y8 O. |5 a2 K8 Y
getch();
3 c$ ]% |; c! U- _6 A/ f' L, dclosegraph(); ( g# d6 A$ d# p1 F$ l8 g! [4 I
return 0; H+ s5 k$ D& S% d! o
}
( a" Z! U& S: G$ ]- ~
2 Z2 ~1 S# v; a+ t+ ?) l z5 w7 M9 W* Z" Z5 [/ D
函数名: graphresult g0 ^/ k# w$ Y& U8 N: q1 P
功能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码 9 U( D( r4 e2 e
用法: int far graphresult(void);
) U# M; i4 o9 _' q6 j0 |程序例: - x/ Z) U& s6 a; R
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
* K* K; ~1 M- A: i) s#include <STDLIB.H>
1 X9 B0 s9 T6 a8 O#include <STDIO.H>
+ {! r# i& |: }! w#include <CONIO.H>) H3 ]: t3 s; h1 L; E# p. R% R: P+ I
int main(void) 0 `1 z E& w$ E' ^# a! Y" u1 p6 G
{
 E, j& Q. ]' L# N! W/* request auto detection */
& ]: m; H& e5 w# yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
. J3 L$ J* i& C' Q2 z/* initialize graphics and local variables */
' P5 ^* G" `. d9 `) r7 V5 `initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); * {/ I+ F$ e( I1 v5 p
/* read result of initialization */ " q% ^0 \5 U' B( y: ^" C1 I
errorcode = graphresult(); % V9 y5 `+ p/ ~* k
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ % D9 {' u4 k' g$ T
{ 3 h% P+ r0 a9 ?9 \6 p. {
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
0 C# e/ u+ ^: p5 o' A- Q1 X" Zprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ; o7 f' k! c3 \' @" _
getch();
3 g9 c: a+ Y8 n) B. ?: ?exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ( r+ a, v& j {1 S2 k9 a; x" I1 m
} + J; $ ^- ~ g/ D1 ~
/* draw a line */
4 ]! t. s. }" [) Nline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
. V- n& l$ z7 x% k( T N) _+ p& [/* clean up */
1 T& t5 D5 ]( n3 c( Jgetch();
$ G# f: r; ]& S ~& O# sclosegraph();
- V' N. c) M* I* J' d- Zreturn 0; # [& ^& D! p8 X. [1 F! ?5 N0 E
} 7 i4 j4 ~3 k C: |

. N4 t8 i& n6 l1 P函数名: _graphfreemem ) @9 k1 P+ S' `! l; x
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数 : W% t9 A$ h: C( M
用法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size); 9 A+ @( T( E3 o! h7 j* E# o! i2 Q E
程序例: : ]" B/ c! }2 r: s6 w. X
#include <GRAPHICS.H>/ k) M: C. T. V% R7 f5 G. ~& T
#include <STDLIB.H>1 f. y1 Q7 l/ H2 e $ I
#include <STDIO.H>5 K' F# B2 p3 m7 R! g
#include <CONIO.H> x7 H P, G" w1 [% K5 l
#include <ALLOC.H>
+ ? S" }: Z; y# m& nint main(void) 3 B& c- E1 Z+ Y- `7 }& ]
{ ; p. y# [( A/ K- q8 ^2 D
/* request auto detection */
 i( z9 M1 B( a0 E" S( f, a$ wint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
# B$ }+ n) @& a0 b# ^int midx, midy; 
3 V2 ^ W6 V/ @( ]3 R9 n0 n" Z, X/* clear the text screen */
7 R; M' ~! s1 l2 W: R9 Uclrscr();
& q- |4 E- E% Q( r- gprintf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:");
( M# Q7 ?- G' pgetch();
5 E+ Q- l& J# N# O# L0 F' Pclrscr(); 2 j: _1 J. P) v
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
% T: _- K1 `# L7 |initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
( o5 o& _9 M9 `, H, D/* read result of initialization */
- h8 Q9 ]- c/ h q+ G4 l! p7 ?errorcode = graphresult(); 8 K" x: W$ M5 [" V m+ J M
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
: G" M+ @5 ?2 E* \( b! ~% t{ ( n# I9 X) M$ I6 j C& b/ F
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 A+ Q+ I; b5 ]' t |printf("Press any key to halt:");
8 @# f5 f0 R2 g3 i/ R2 x- j6 Ugetch();
# x& h& s- o& p6 L7 ` P$ Mexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ( w' {; ?0 j7 L1 ^5 w. Y0 Y
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2; . _6 g4 v8 z* _+ P# p
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
, b- f, q$ a: B/* display a message */
" m0 w3 A& O- @0 b0 y5 ssettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
; A' F4 p2 o6 }) \" Zouttextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); ; N3 [8 I+ l6 o, ~
/* clean up */ 9 I8 @8 c7 f* m W
getch(); ( [3 E$ O4 O/ x, v
closegraph();
; t1 F% b, c6 h7 jreturn 0;
1 M* l: H' I. R# E} 
* p+ f7 \9 @" B" I) a/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */
; h% h, U/ ^/ Y. \4 W& Hvoid far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size)
$ F( z* h. w8 m. j" Y- N{
" Q S8 u2 u6 f% Mprintf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size); * `1 U3 `: Q4 D( M( `
printf("hit any key:");
9 N) \: H4 v \7 B* B: Q5 J/ o( ngetch(); # ^1 h& d& n; X7 n" d
printf("\n"); 
$ |5 k' d+ k3 A0 Q# q! M8 K/* allocate memory from far heap */ 8 V) m0 V; [/ C( r
return farmalloc(size); - V; b) D. S# \2 G. i8 _
} 
' Q- b/ Z. L. J8 [ w/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
4 c1 b9 V5 M$ E x8 X6 C* ?, h6 A+ Wvoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) 9 Y1 X( [( m3 h, f' u5 Z1 B
{
" i# D9 ^: {1 Q( J7 h7 uprintf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
+ K5 r3 O; x+ l, Pprintf("hit any key:");
4 u# |" | [- w9 D7 g8 }getch(); ; c0 D X' w0 Q; ~% \0 `
printf("\n"); 
5 s+ ? w0 m- G9 K5 f2 j/* free ptr from far heap */ # g# e8 A. O m6 P! E& a9 X
farfree(ptr);
! k. a" ?! t6 s5 U}
) A. j9 Y6 d, T7 U# m+ ^9 O6 \/ \0 ] Z1 J; i8 [0 l; m
函数名: _graphgetmem ( H' r- G X3 h% a
功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数
+ V. T3 g/ W q# p+ r9 @9 z用法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size); / {/ y" N. E% ?4 Q1 h# u, G+ I
程序例: 6 r4 X0 {$ x6 u7 y
#include <GRAPHICS.H>" @, O; X9 |2 S0 y
#include <STDLIB.H>* _0 ~# j( W- a" P; w# L/ L
#include <STDIO.H>: x: h( G! K4 N9 X: H! Z; a; u2 [/ X
#include <CONIO.H>1 O# x* E; s) ^3 _0 n- m% `6 g! ^
#include <ALLOC.H>9 j$ U# p$ C' Q5 [$ y
int main(void) : H& A1 V2 ?: U4 U: u
{
2 g2 Q6 @) x7 P3 _/* request autodetection */ * E/ T! l/ G E" X6 y { k
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
! a6 M7 m6 Q% y. b# f8 b, `int midx, midy; 
5 |* _! M0 p. H4 S3 W, B' u/* clear the text screen */ 6 f$ o5 U( K! D- L
clrscr();
- j5 Y/ p/ ?$ l0 _9 l f) \, S- uprintf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); & D: e6 v0 d# N6 T0 I
getch();
1 r! C+ J8 I# Z/ X+ J4 e; Dclrscr(); 7 i* ~- \! G% ~. ?' V
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , S0 ]' s; f" Q& M- @# h& z6 |
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); V y: ^* C; F+ i
/* read result of initialization */
3 X6 ?$ E6 f( {- m% ~* Xerrorcode = graphresult(); ( X. X3 F' V K
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
: L7 H4 ]- l, M" u5 ]6 T9 h+ S{
! b" v' [/ M0 bprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 5 G3 i/ ]4 p5 F4 w6 v
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 0 b) W) T4 g1 C, N2 D) M- u/ i
getch(); ; j. Z# Z0 o' X! |
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 9 `3 d- U5 v* e# d1 S
} 
/ k2 d5 r0 O* J+ Tmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
2 V& j0 g# Y/ W2 i4 jmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
* _ Q* r( O; i: _/* display a message */
' f, S" a' n# N) R# Q f+ } Lsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
$ z0 ]+ y# h5 a0 p0 f. Iouttextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); y) A. c9 b+ u' J" c) F8 l F
/* clean up */
5 j5 B5 z* p: E& ogetch();
5 m4 A( J$ u6 A3 R" F8 @- @closegraph();
- Y) ?* d; J! ?& z- M4 t; r' Greturn 0; ( d" l/ H; y5 F% n# @; o% p
} 
. D. h7 K0 k, T" U3 M- }' z/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */
1 |" o3 V1 H/ P6 F" Uvoid far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) & x* t% T1 F( m! k% |
{
7 W j8 b3 K5 u v: l* Jprintf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
, x; ?! c' _* u" _; k0 gprintf("hit any key:");
0 y; M& r( k( z, H- z2 v: d% x7 _getch();
1 G) T, q; X- ^/ zprintf("\n"); 
" D/ y5 d% c1 |. C. d; p/* allocate memory from far heap */
, E7 } G3 Q5 T p0 U! b8 Preturn farmalloc(size); ) r0 I) c$ @* j, |& l
} . u$ T9 `7 @" K- N; w% ~
/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */ # C3 J+ J, ~ G: Q" i# W7 r
void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size)
6 J2 j) T7 j3 t; I: ^4 y{
9 O% W6 B* N+ g- H! {printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); 5 a T* ?4 i* D. E$ e2 D ~
printf("hit any key:"); ( }9 c2 Z1 Y8 q1 [
getch();
. _( a: d$ D6 U _( x l' Jprintf("\n"); 
( Q- ^8 r {- F/* free ptr from far heap */ ' J( S; [7 G3 ]
farfree(ptr); 2 J7 F3 N0 C, J* U+ S
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