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%标准粒群优化算法程序
2 w: x9 R# L+ n. o$ V& Z% 2007.1.9 By jxy) [' P/ P6 t: R: d& J9 Q. y$ K
%测试函数:f(x,y)=100(x^2-y)^2+(1-x)^2, -2.048<x,y<2.048
* ] T% W3 m! [; z%求解函数最小值
: D& k: D. w7 n: p- i- {: U6 Y
8 d4 P0 [6 `( G! Wglobal popsize; %种群规模
~$ ^! U) F& f1 ]% U# l' F: p) K$ v%global popnum; %种群数量
/ V+ t9 n% d. I% wglobal pop; %种群
+ Y! Z: P% Y& Z. O: c%global c0; %速度惯性系数,为0—1的随机数+ H k3 }4 L3 B2 R- h# `
global c1; %个体最优导向系数( D5 N8 \- Y% K# D) q7 ^* a
global c2; %全局最优导向系数
2 t- F8 y. K8 {global gbest_x; %全局最优解x轴坐标, b1 Y% V# A9 ]1 H$ }6 w3 m* H' A
global gbest_y; %全局最优解y轴坐标9 P1 m$ S' w: C# F
global best_fitness; %最优解- B. I" V5 F& @+ L6 \& B1 {2 x4 l/ P
global best_in_history; %最优解变化轨迹& d/ [' c& p0 h3 Q6 H7 f# s6 E- F
global x_min; %x的下限' d J8 j+ G8 r+ c. ?
global x_max; %x的上限
- [ U8 Y: t9 g. R1 U; k% k Qglobal y_min; %y的下限$ o1 `# C+ U* v E- N
global y_max; %y的上限
: p0 P9 i: j/ L, |! k6 |( E/ sglobal gen; %迭代次数
' S4 `+ ~/ o$ ~( c1 B# Cglobal exetime; %当前迭代次数
1 |- U3 q8 ^8 \global max_velocity; %最大速度
' s6 P ^1 w/ Y$ a6 p. \5 T
+ T9 h. a9 x% s. s( Q4 h% |( Ginitial; %初始化6 l7 d, H9 x; h i2 o# _3 e$ L# E) f$ ?
; w, U# w" _9 X4 `2 L2 {, N$ Pfor exetime=1:gen
) p& w- m0 B I N V0 T+ }8 [+ _outputdata; %实时输出结果
. Y# w9 y, p4 _' g( P* A) J d. |3 radapting; %计算适应值
* s2 O7 i% b% J$ U% `9 ]errorcompute(); %计算当前种群适值标准差! X; ]/ d3 m' R3 A2 V6 C- L. i
updatepop; %更新粒子位置6 m# W2 a+ v% M. J* U3 G6 ]6 q
pause(0.01);
* D% E/ ]8 p6 j7 G9 W( p9 ?; n5 l% |end
; g# W) d; m2 c/ N
& T! n. u% Y. j3 Y: fclear i;( E1 y# K( w4 }$ @6 Z2 a* B. g: B
clear exetime;
' r4 u/ }5 v. |clear x_max;. g& ^) A$ I" ?9 S( D' i% l
clear x_min;& N2 |1 q) `8 Q1 z. T. x# j
clear y_min;
, b5 O5 t9 `8 G1 D& kclear y_max;
2 }2 u& W6 O# g" b U; b6 K* R" Q* g* \* u3 b6 y' P. o% ?
%程序初始化/ Y4 g$ B, t/ J
& O7 [) o+ O. V% A; J/ g
gen=100; %设置进化代数
; D: w3 w1 |! k1 \1 Q' a" d3 Zpopsize=30; %设置种群规模大小
, Z) f0 o) O* O& C7 q+ w' A- |- rbest_in_history(gen)=inf; %初始化全局历史最优解
, ~( b1 _4 Z$ b- w# @best_in_history( =inf; %初始化全局历史最优解
. B8 ]) O0 ]& bmax_velocity=0.3; %最大速度限制
) N1 w, J. z7 m# fbest_fitness=inf;
, E7 `0 P$ n8 e%popnum=1; %设置种群数量) c [" d9 m$ u4 M7 \8 K7 `8 q
3 ]: n: ?; Q0 ^! U1 h( \' }4 Apop(popsize,8)=0; %初始化种群,创建popsize行5列的0矩阵
- N* F |+ b6 H0 \%种群数组第1列为x轴坐标,第2列为y轴坐标,第3列为x轴速度分量,第4列为y轴速度分量
" B, p1 C7 d: O- O- D2 t$ T1 Q%第5列为个体最优位置的x轴坐标,第6列为个体最优位置的y轴坐标; Z8 T$ r; X5 f- A9 p2 n; W
%第7列为个体最优适值,第8列为当前个体适应值
: }! U( o4 g. t E9 \) L' O G5 e2 [* C. E* m5 ] _) p( h
for i=1:popsize
, q% J3 U: P- Z: M( |( Qpop(i,1)=4*rand()-2; %初始化种群中的粒子位置,值为-2—2,步长为其速度
" O" \7 ]% y# E; |9 K9 r& Mpop(i,2)=4*rand()-2; %初始化种群中的粒子位置,值为-2—2,步长为其速度
8 q, s4 r t( J3 N2 m- M; G. Y( c+ ypop(i,5)=pop(i,1); %初始状态下个体最优值等于初始位置
/ p: r5 P4 C* k# p7 m9 W" npop(i,6)=pop(i,2); %初始状态下个体最优值等于初始位置
, _! O3 L5 Z3 Dpop(i,3)=rand()*0.02-0.01; %初始化种群微粒速度,值为-0.01—0.01,间隔为0.0001$ L Q4 U- p. Z" l; v( o
pop(i,4)=rand()*0.02-0.01; %初始化种群微粒速度,值为-0.01—0.01,间隔为0.0001
0 d Y" n6 n5 k, n; ^7 m5 Q; Y/ Upop(i,7)=inf;
9 p! v; `4 H6 X: F: N2 f( F; C# dpop(i,8)=inf;# [6 |2 I5 u0 X: H- [! y1 G' x
end- {: S: ~5 ?" t3 {) y# i- B
5 Y: _2 o+ @( i1 _
c1=2;
8 B/ _: P$ ]; ]( V: Lc2=2;
3 f2 g7 A( t; j6 Q8 b3 n( Kx_min=-2;% i% y, @% a X# p' s+ G
y_min=-2;* ? s( h0 ^. E+ `% o
x_max=2;7 o2 {8 p5 j+ o9 Q1 ^3 F, {6 [, u7 k
y_max=2;
1 C8 s9 f( \" \1 ]8 ^
3 `9 P: h/ j: K/ t# P \gbest_x=pop(1,1); %全局最优初始值为种群第一个粒子的位置
8 r+ v& W$ g8 ]1 m3 Rgbest_y=pop(1,2);
1 }0 p1 h! ?! B/ I6 a+ X8 r
9 y0 Q/ e6 _( J. e2 g3 Z9 F3 Y%适值计算
9 V$ R2 _, _2 ^. |% 测试函数为f(x,y)=100(x^2-y)^2+(1-x)^2, -2.048<x,y<2.0486 O, R$ B+ z7 J8 x& {
) K* d6 V7 @! g3 u4 K0 @% A%计算适应值并赋值
; x$ N; @+ O/ F/ d3 @/ X# @for i=1:popsize
- n' Q( ^5 ~$ u5 }' _pop(i,8)=100*(pop(i,1)^2-pop(i,2))^2+(1-pop(i,1))^2;
( e, a, T0 S2 ^( m" B8 M4 { A- Oif pop(i,7)>pop(i,8) %若当前适应值优于个体最优值,则进行个体最优信息的更新; J6 i# B- J; Z8 b3 M
pop(i,7)=pop(i,8); %适值更新8 _4 c8 x/ m! ?9 g+ n
pop(i,5:6)=pop(i,1:2); %位置坐标更新
( Z9 \# o& }8 Y. w3 k- S7 wend' x2 h" _& P9 V7 x0 |' R
end
+ n) J+ m+ R2 G; w7 o7 E) \4 s/ b, C5 {0 F+ ?
%计算完适应值后寻找当前全局最优位置并记录其坐标1 b4 E4 A$ e U/ U5 @6 s
if best_fitness>min(pop(:,7))- Z2 B9 x5 n+ P- o+ ~3 @1 f
best_fitness=min(pop(:,7)); %全局最优值% L$ Q+ R/ ~2 e4 G4 W, \' w9 L
gbest_x=pop(find(pop(:,7)==min(pop(:,7))),1); %全局最优粒子的位置: R7 Z6 D5 ?- M5 M6 p. K
( ]/ ~' ?1 e- ^0 l0 v' Fgbest_y=pop(find(pop(:,7)==min(pop(:,7))),2);9 q5 Q7 o( B" {( i1 ^/ u
end6 h8 y: n7 W' [3 a/ y
: A* n) C; K: y, abest_in_history(exetime)=best_fitness; %记录当前全局最优
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%实时输出结果
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%输出当前种群中粒子位置( o* y1 p4 Q5 K
subplot(1,2,1);
; u8 D2 F+ `% ^7 T0 w p& o- zfor i=1:popsize
2 G! K1 n& V5 P8 qplot(pop(i,1),pop(i,2),'b*');+ v) A& D3 e1 n# W2 H# B
hold on;
& h! F- t7 e5 q1 g. I. M( u. vend
6 n+ z# Z) j4 g* z1 D- q n5 ^( Q
% l7 h+ ?, J: r Xplot(gbest_x,gbest_y,'r.','markersize',20);axis([-2,2,-2,2]);8 v: c, i: \( r; J# M
hold off;! R9 }; ~' A0 u) p N! y3 I
" c3 y D2 C; t5 ^1 C* J
subplot(1,2,2);+ R u- _8 a7 e" U: N
axis([0,gen,-0.00005,0.00005]);# N$ A$ {& J! @7 e1 u
* K' s+ Q7 v7 z9 `
if exetime-1>01 C) u- C9 Z1 x+ z6 t, k
line([exetime-1,exetime],[best_in_history(exetime-1),best_fitness]);hold on;9 L g" `7 N- W X" u
end6 ?. ^2 v# q$ A& r) v
0 F- S9 L, Y. y/ K+ x& g7 O
%粒子群速度与位置更新8 @- I( I0 A6 f$ ]+ w) |
( s4 f6 @7 o# h- X$ a
%更新粒子速度; f* S8 }% v- M2 j; X) J
for i=1:popsize
& N8 a4 H& l6 [pop(i,3)=rand()*pop(i,3)+c1*rand()*(pop(i,5)-pop(i,1))+c2*rand()*(gbest_x-pop(i,1)); %更新速度
1 \( S( E/ q+ x( Q/ epop(i,4)=rand()*pop(i,4)+c1*rand()*(pop(i,6)-pop(i,2))+c2*rand()*(gbest_x-pop(i,2)); & R y0 |/ Q9 A( N
if abs(pop(i,3))>max_velocity
; Q' K8 K, \6 y5 ^* P- i& L* P+ `' e! v( Yif pop(i,3)>0! [9 o; F# [5 W
pop(i,3)=max_velocity;$ K& w0 t; U) l0 l
else! K. e1 f% O$ ?! P4 n: Q9 f$ x( K" X
pop(i,3)=-max_velocity;5 t5 B9 c6 N9 n# q, M7 c+ P ?7 l! M
end
1 X" e" [ {: _( fend O |4 X+ W4 h8 x
if abs(pop(i,4))>max_velocity" u) n3 N5 ^( s w$ \/ M. E1 R
if pop(i,4)>02 [; q- W% |. S+ E& Y" O! x: W
pop(i,4)=max_velocity;9 `' F A0 J& Z% w5 o
else7 |0 e, H- }3 j- O% Y
pop(i,4)=-max_velocity;, l' F# H* `# J/ }* J; E
end
7 D2 Y) b9 Y' `! G$ ^; I1 }6 i) lend' `2 K/ f G% B4 e' t3 m# t: _+ ~( h2 n
end7 T: r9 h, c. P, s
+ y$ Y! D ~, b3 q/ ? X# e
%更新粒子位置6 B2 ] K- g2 |6 x
for i=1:popsize( v: ]5 \% T7 |9 V' z
pop(i,1)=pop(i,1)+pop(i,3);$ r9 `8 ]* ? t: N$ @
pop(i,2)=pop(i,2)+pop(i,4);
8 s( `' b r- g$ ^ W0 O" [' Qend+ o/ I6 P3 f7 Q
, ^: b; a0 Z: w# r4 C( \
1 ?4 e6 [& a" k' `# ~2 {& X # ?3 Y' L6 n- _
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2 X6 ~% S3 p2 R- G- Y+ K0 C 6 ~" U" v) d. t$ ~; |' \: h0 |
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1 q+ D- q1 v! _; I! n. ]
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1 Y& u$ h0 ?1 _# c& q
/ F. `3 T t! c; h! i% A SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
! }1 I3 \! V# k- S% Particle Swarm Optimization IN MATLAB( `9 G9 g+ U3 _; t7 M
function [xmin, fxmin, iter] = PSO()
, z9 x8 }6 ^4 J8 t+ l: R% Initializing variables3 j8 Z) k5 X& z; s: n3 x# l5 H
success = 0; % Success flag3 l1 n9 |$ J- b3 T" S6 ?' h& b1 r
PopSize = 30; % Size of the swarm
+ l" n2 w- b/ r; P5 B# _5 R6 xMaxIt = 100; % Maximum number of iterations
5 x" o; H q; D) l/ `% p+ Aiter = 0; % Iterations’counter0 c* d& G+ e$ n
fevals = 0; % Function evaluations’ counter; g+ G4 [7 e, A
c1 = 2; % PSO parameter C1" r1 @/ d: {& U( q
c2 = 2; % PSO parameter C2" |9 W5 N6 C" ?& R
w = 0.6; % inertia weight A$ K. q w" ?9 |- l
% Objective Function
6 q# b9 Z# i# B1 O1 G$ Kf = ^DeJong^;
/ ?$ ^9 y$ u: G/ }dim = 10; % Dimension of the problem% K- v- C( g1 g: Q2 ?1 {! _' E
upbnd = 10; % Upper bound for init. of the swarm* ~2 X, a5 B& t K& @5 f
lwbnd = -5; % Lower bound for init. of the swarm& f, }0 l& Q/ g, J
GM = 0; % Global minimum (used in the stopping criterion)7 F/ |1 e% {+ y( w
ErrGoal = 0.0001; % Desired accuracy2 g3 o5 r- q8 E& ]* {+ ^1 ^
( Z* A9 {1 }, e: F- b$ P% Initializing swarm and velocities
9 z# g6 I0 h$ c7 M0 dpopul = rand(dim, PopSize)*(upbnd-lwbnd) + lwbnd;$ |' ]5 N& s9 S0 m1 ?9 [
vel = rand(dim, PopSize);3 p, f/ A6 M) O2 F5 f
3 }3 B4 j! ?* K) ofor i = 1 opSize,. Y) s% I% c& k$ a4 M8 I
fpopul(i) = feval(f, popul(:,i));5 M9 ~0 J! N) s: v
fevals = fevals + 1;" w: y! m% U+ b9 l. o) {% U
end
- [5 l" n0 J1 F/ l d ^6 k& D3 g( A7 w+ X6 S. F
bestpos = popul;
7 e8 c2 h& q0 c. I2 \/ O% dfbestpos = fpopul;4 E* G6 ?- i1 a- S' H9 C0 P' Y' Z) ]
% Finding best particle in initial population2 x+ L, g( P6 m0 f7 A% J7 K
[fbestpart,g] = min(fpopul);
0 C& K* V8 o8 q8 tlastbpf = fbestpart;; _- p# E3 H; i" ]4 ?
+ u, m" g/ J( J9 T# g" E% f5 Kwhile (success == 0) & (iter < MaxIt), ! u" P' y; m5 N
iter = iter + 1;8 ?- t" l4 U7 D1 Z6 r
- C3 z" }0 i# d) t$ B$ H5 M % VELOCITY UPDATE, m9 i" r9 k: G+ @
for i=1 opSize,# S6 c# G7 W5 p: [
A(:,i) = bestpos(:,g);
9 [. `( [. f3 L8 w/ G/ W1 n! q end
8 T: L1 T7 m$ ^, j7 p# e* v R1 = rand(dim, PopSize);
1 O# G# E1 i% [' r0 Z R2 = rand(dim, PopSize);0 j+ m- u8 A3 M3 L0 ^7 o
vel = w*vel + c1*R1.*(bestpos-popul) + c2*R2.*(A-popul);! n7 | ~6 \) V
) Y2 v& W4 j0 l& ?1 K8 l1 ~ % SWARMUPDATE
% g, |0 D; X& ]' L popul = popul + vel;, P9 ?. Z) s( W6 u" V1 i
% Evaluate the new swarm
/ D% s2 R4 q# |% B% D R) B for i = 1 opSize,
/ c9 h9 c% }# o: L6 _# O fpopul(i) = feval(f,popul(:, i));
! z: c1 U0 y6 U fevals = fevals + 1;6 b/ u3 Z+ A: d
end/ O4 \9 u* }9 ^* }8 Q7 z4 `6 B
% Updating the best position for each particle: M. L% x ?; I0 V7 h
changeColumns = fpopul < fbestpos; e; H& T5 L" k$ Q: i; v5 X
fbestpos = fbestpos.*( 1-changeColumns) + fpopul.*changeColumns;
+ ~7 p# Z. o8 W2 |% q bestpos(:, find(changeColumns)) = popul(:, find(changeColumns));
7 N$ H$ p% O3 M1 V( _/ n" M; } % Updating index g8 k# N$ F# C! L
[fbestpart, g] = min(fbestpos);- Q/ T) h1 G9 m% u* b1 S' @
currentTime = etime(clock,startTime);4 L& [1 Y" U, I8 F& @, g1 N
% Checking stopping criterion, J2 T% X9 A1 D: }( R
if abs(fbestpart-GM) <= ErrGoal
" b4 y1 y- P, B; a success = 1;
) _! P$ } x/ m4 D% i else L. t. ?% X5 @# s U1 A; A" f
lastbpf = fbestpart;" _( u( F/ l; i& Z* A
end
+ I$ t. b3 j: s: Q: q+ ~5 w8 Q7 Y; u
end
! F/ f5 G4 h! p8 P, V. g
7 A" u- r9 S) a9 I3 R- P Y% Output arguments
, b( o7 O8 P) h/ u# {7 Exmin = popul(:,g);
" @3 t5 u6 A# p e! ?4 Jfxmin = fbestpos(g);/ d6 f3 a2 I6 x+ ?/ N7 `; f: Y( O) W9 ?
* M* ]5 ^+ R- Vfprintf(^ The best vector is : \n^);
7 Z. i+ C% H1 a2 L* o; Q! ofprintf(^--- %g ^,xmin);8 c5 M) @4 o+ j; e. P& m
fprintf(^\n^);4 Z3 W3 j$ U8 \/ v* A6 O6 j
%==========================================3 m, w* t ?5 Z; k! |; l
function DeJong=DeJong(x)' i( b$ c* p: Y# O1 V/ J: [( q
DeJong = sum(x.^2); |
zan
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