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%标准粒群优化算法程序0 C% U) G1 p5 y" G6 q7 T
% 2007.1.9 By jxy$ d1 K: R9 o" Y
%测试函数:f(x,y)=100(x^2-y)^2+(1-x)^2, -2.048<x,y<2.048 g" a; s4 d+ p/ x* O1 g
%求解函数最小值
" M4 M7 S: f% h1 m. P: R; Z: l( g: O0 x
global popsize; %种群规模( z: d3 x* S- d, R
%global popnum; %种群数量
6 Y6 G v- R \8 Vglobal pop; %种群- a) f. I6 ^# v
%global c0; %速度惯性系数,为0—1的随机数
9 q9 {5 g/ ^# P$ j4 pglobal c1; %个体最优导向系数
# E% n" k# l1 r6 a" e& I4 sglobal c2; %全局最优导向系数6 I: x! B0 \# \7 }. U1 [; p; O
global gbest_x; %全局最优解x轴坐标
* k( i& z/ v( |( X3 f: p* Qglobal gbest_y; %全局最优解y轴坐标
6 o- ~' n' y8 Pglobal best_fitness; %最优解2 s3 S: t/ ^6 w( n
global best_in_history; %最优解变化轨迹. \0 Z' _+ V8 C3 g8 N. K5 e
global x_min; %x的下限
. D& Y7 i, v$ j( w8 _global x_max; %x的上限* H- @/ t% R/ g- S
global y_min; %y的下限
" l- y! u7 ]: s$ _" A7 I/ Cglobal y_max; %y的上限
6 I+ k) z; A: v2 Qglobal gen; %迭代次数
% I/ O( v4 q: S. X1 q: gglobal exetime; %当前迭代次数
& M9 v V6 M2 ~' H. e2 s9 zglobal max_velocity; %最大速度/ k3 e! r/ S. H2 g0 K. e
. |* y0 V. z# r- k2 c8 |, S* ^$ `- t: Finitial; %初始化: x" l+ A6 @3 x" R0 N/ e, n: d
1 i# I8 `9 ~9 H* F* H# u' J: qfor exetime=1:gen
: b$ i# ~6 y- loutputdata; %实时输出结果- W+ Y# U+ S8 ~. g9 I, j
adapting; %计算适应值
+ R' ]: `' T2 E! \9 L9 X0 derrorcompute(); %计算当前种群适值标准差2 I( |3 @1 k& `/ ~3 d) v
updatepop; %更新粒子位置) i* ]2 s1 I2 {7 g5 u% [" Y) t
pause(0.01);3 ]1 w) ?" z5 _5 d! J+ {
end1 o1 C/ V) _ x- b0 Z. d; C
% }3 T2 C2 Q! n/ ~clear i;
& m* q" C/ g; V7 yclear exetime;0 ^: F$ d$ ?2 m6 S
clear x_max;, h6 E$ x8 m* C M* L
clear x_min;/ \+ k6 u+ S! Q$ D2 T3 O5 x5 A4 ]
clear y_min;: x3 L, Q8 D+ Y& @9 {* V
clear y_max;
4 X& |8 W4 s! T* Z1 M6 q" h# s6 Q0 j# \7 W+ }! R; N
%程序初始化- }4 b. k7 a o# S7 t
7 _ X |% H8 Y. A+ _: ggen=100; %设置进化代数
$ ~6 ~! w9 p+ Z+ T& Bpopsize=30; %设置种群规模大小4 y; U2 [3 j5 Q K( I0 _
best_in_history(gen)=inf; %初始化全局历史最优解! D- k4 ?. ~7 R; t: F$ v5 |
best_in_history( =inf; %初始化全局历史最优解 u# B% z7 J a! \3 P4 _3 m
max_velocity=0.3; %最大速度限制6 f, P# U w/ h+ U; D t' e. m( K
best_fitness=inf;& g, l: p& l. m; {
%popnum=1; %设置种群数量
. L- y& E% L" b* q
j. ?; Q1 q6 `% p4 @3 f$ Kpop(popsize,8)=0; %初始化种群,创建popsize行5列的0矩阵1 t! k6 e. t$ g5 f$ f9 T( |1 a- _
%种群数组第1列为x轴坐标,第2列为y轴坐标,第3列为x轴速度分量,第4列为y轴速度分量
1 e3 C, F5 p O7 G p: D%第5列为个体最优位置的x轴坐标,第6列为个体最优位置的y轴坐标% _3 Q* g* w" U N v/ Q
%第7列为个体最优适值,第8列为当前个体适应值
, [. w* p; A" B4 w1 o$ q. s* B$ Y- [! P8 t7 |' q& k) t
for i=1:popsize
/ e I/ t0 a/ d$ J/ B$ Epop(i,1)=4*rand()-2; %初始化种群中的粒子位置,值为-2—2,步长为其速度
: B$ I2 ?0 {, P) P$ m& w# _pop(i,2)=4*rand()-2; %初始化种群中的粒子位置,值为-2—2,步长为其速度
: ?2 _! X: J. X |# R$ ^# epop(i,5)=pop(i,1); %初始状态下个体最优值等于初始位置' G* J2 H6 e# u0 h+ v( c3 w4 Y
pop(i,6)=pop(i,2); %初始状态下个体最优值等于初始位置4 W0 r3 a/ d* B0 ~1 V
pop(i,3)=rand()*0.02-0.01; %初始化种群微粒速度,值为-0.01—0.01,间隔为0.00012 `% _. K; J* U% r$ S' c6 K9 e" k E5 r
pop(i,4)=rand()*0.02-0.01; %初始化种群微粒速度,值为-0.01—0.01,间隔为0.0001' d# `" w! W' t l7 s+ t
pop(i,7)=inf;& x& h \ f( C
pop(i,8)=inf;/ }# C, _; i" P
end
+ k3 u, o' n; D0 P/ d: U3 J
% Z, Q7 @4 m& V4 k2 b* W) t cc1=2;
) t1 C: a/ O& D8 Hc2=2;6 w; ~5 \0 } X, B/ L, L- N" z; G* N
x_min=-2;
+ w$ D" z: p: N4 By_min=-2; I- p t" X0 F- v6 p2 o6 \6 W
x_max=2;4 ^. S- \& Z' \/ X
y_max=2;# R) p/ {; U# S9 v+ e
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gbest_x=pop(1,1); %全局最优初始值为种群第一个粒子的位置
# q4 A- k# S9 e0 Bgbest_y=pop(1,2);/ ] X% y+ Z' W; c: G' s
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%适值计算
# ?% ^6 s. F7 @1 L- N% 测试函数为f(x,y)=100(x^2-y)^2+(1-x)^2, -2.048<x,y<2.048$ S! ~$ C% z0 N) ]1 N+ d' {8 z
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%计算适应值并赋值
+ a$ Y6 V$ `! n5 ifor i=1:popsize
6 d4 T8 G6 k% `+ ?0 |5 Z' [5 ?/ apop(i,8)=100*(pop(i,1)^2-pop(i,2))^2+(1-pop(i,1))^2;
X+ j: e7 W; J/ wif pop(i,7)>pop(i,8) %若当前适应值优于个体最优值,则进行个体最优信息的更新
; d+ }2 [2 D; L8 G1 }pop(i,7)=pop(i,8); %适值更新( \2 s4 `: D0 C
pop(i,5:6)=pop(i,1:2); %位置坐标更新 K% f$ Z5 n3 V1 [2 o
end1 _+ ~$ g, K$ M/ P% W
end
7 k4 S" X3 M# I( {5 e" C$ k
; c' Y! D: J5 L1 }%计算完适应值后寻找当前全局最优位置并记录其坐标
; d! p) D- G$ u5 Yif best_fitness>min(pop(:,7))& T7 Y' @! t+ T. q% r
best_fitness=min(pop(:,7)); %全局最优值" a$ }$ l8 b5 b8 m. {3 p
gbest_x=pop(find(pop(:,7)==min(pop(:,7))),1); %全局最优粒子的位置
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gbest_y=pop(find(pop(:,7)==min(pop(:,7))),2);) A( c8 t6 | [* N- X
end
# K# u( A( W ?6 Z: _$ G
6 X) X' ~/ U' Z+ Y# d! A8 Zbest_in_history(exetime)=best_fitness; %记录当前全局最优- I9 A' O8 _/ l0 ^( `
5 b4 E+ ?" W/ c7 N2 Y%实时输出结果
h" P: c2 N0 _, a d! d4 |' X* S) t1 C% n7 X% X9 W2 S* d6 l
%输出当前种群中粒子位置3 V0 L+ g) k% O/ G
subplot(1,2,1);$ Y% g# Z7 }) W/ ]; D
for i=1:popsize4 O/ u6 z- S% o$ P9 C1 J- z
plot(pop(i,1),pop(i,2),'b*');1 V0 m1 K) N1 D4 u' y6 H" Z
hold on;
1 ~9 O1 d: f0 pend
: C: a" S4 M4 Z/ K5 e
! e- a; D0 ?( _plot(gbest_x,gbest_y,'r.','markersize',20);axis([-2,2,-2,2]);
o2 V7 R, e) l+ vhold off;
4 p6 |1 I& q% O
4 H9 y {: o0 F0 n( C0 rsubplot(1,2,2);
% h6 M& e% R* _7 q9 E7 u$ eaxis([0,gen,-0.00005,0.00005]);
# `6 e- s# _7 I7 D9 Q& \2 b+ E4 o& S4 ^4 t/ |) c5 l! W2 e. g5 T( S
if exetime-1>02 c9 C( Q% Z3 p2 U$ F
line([exetime-1,exetime],[best_in_history(exetime-1),best_fitness]);hold on;
- U1 `/ X& z6 ~( s0 e# J" F$ nend4 \, U# ^/ y0 }
" ?% e- {) b. U3 Y* S- P- p%粒子群速度与位置更新
1 w# {$ S4 e9 }! D/ O- _5 S
- o R* u, g( p {0 Z0 F$ z4 \%更新粒子速度
. |0 O% p! R {& H4 @4 C8 ofor i=1:popsize
( Z, j2 {/ E6 L, [0 N) Xpop(i,3)=rand()*pop(i,3)+c1*rand()*(pop(i,5)-pop(i,1))+c2*rand()*(gbest_x-pop(i,1)); %更新速度0 G1 o& O0 v$ I, z7 D# {
pop(i,4)=rand()*pop(i,4)+c1*rand()*(pop(i,6)-pop(i,2))+c2*rand()*(gbest_x-pop(i,2)); / f. r+ m% T) N2 ]5 }2 a/ e* T
if abs(pop(i,3))>max_velocity
8 m2 B; z; k" ]0 {* x! ^" L; Qif pop(i,3)>0+ m F R/ s9 B! D# J7 _
pop(i,3)=max_velocity;$ r) ]2 E2 b3 k. K$ d
else* g( ?- ?. u0 M4 h, D1 [" D
pop(i,3)=-max_velocity;
% E9 e+ O$ j* O8 ]end% Z- j, ?& k1 {( H
end
# l3 o5 J/ Q- T5 k4 h+ p+ F7 wif abs(pop(i,4))>max_velocity
1 ^7 h: |7 i( j6 l! V2 { eif pop(i,4)>0
& K! @! G8 f8 W. Y5 \/ q0 u: M% spop(i,4)=max_velocity;
& q7 G# L# e4 O$ Q) B+ telse0 ?4 d1 q. W0 K8 b$ k# Y
pop(i,4)=-max_velocity;
' X' r2 n( L$ T! K5 |. w- [end' C& F5 y; M$ Q
end3 N5 ^ S4 {3 t# p; p: b" x6 y- M l
end1 v! M6 Z( ^6 B4 H! ] c% D/ d4 z
) V) `5 t. Q4 f7 K! F. L
%更新粒子位置2 ?. N& M2 h4 c
for i=1:popsize, ~0 A# v( P/ q7 ?
pop(i,1)=pop(i,1)+pop(i,3);4 a: C [' [) [5 L( {
pop(i,2)=pop(i,2)+pop(i,4);4 H* U: {0 t L5 R5 D8 f& s
end5 S: {9 O# z( c! k
: |$ U$ S- O6 U* H6 P. I% t
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6 j7 k [ m$ x2 H, Y
% A SIMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
" Z+ d: W- b# R7 l P! K% Particle Swarm Optimization IN MATLAB1 t' H( o* c$ B3 p& K4 f# M; T! e
function [xmin, fxmin, iter] = PSO()9 v0 g( V& U/ C+ t+ p4 J+ _. {$ n
% Initializing variables
% o- _$ H4 d: V) f `success = 0; % Success flag) [' z) N0 b* p8 J/ E3 K P' |
PopSize = 30; % Size of the swarm4 s1 C9 X T2 r1 ~& N0 z2 `
MaxIt = 100; % Maximum number of iterations% D( D& n d% B9 U0 o# D* |8 R6 Y
iter = 0; % Iterations’counter
4 V& o1 ]; z4 s" [, ]fevals = 0; % Function evaluations’ counter
- C* k5 N2 l0 j# wc1 = 2; % PSO parameter C1" ?! p4 ^* v0 [* v1 ?$ V1 G6 ~ [
c2 = 2; % PSO parameter C2
1 G9 I' t% ?# i' lw = 0.6; % inertia weight; J& h* D, }7 T$ R6 u% L
% Objective Function& O% K) z: L; p& v& \- H
f = ^DeJong^;
7 k1 P9 M: F. ]2 U; F- Y0 `dim = 10; % Dimension of the problem# d+ A# `$ q) D0 ]7 ]1 N$ U: m u
upbnd = 10; % Upper bound for init. of the swarm
) L9 {/ c# z N1 a. j1 g1 olwbnd = -5; % Lower bound for init. of the swarm. Q5 w# `! g) z) U! ^
GM = 0; % Global minimum (used in the stopping criterion)7 G( Q$ C0 } M* \7 m
ErrGoal = 0.0001; % Desired accuracy0 ]$ ~+ M7 S/ D" r
- u" ?' Q' r R8 R7 v* O) l: K% Initializing swarm and velocities
7 r, b c' P2 Z5 E6 E7 }popul = rand(dim, PopSize)*(upbnd-lwbnd) + lwbnd;2 J Y1 S t* |7 {
vel = rand(dim, PopSize);% v5 c+ W7 Q8 p4 Y7 H3 ]- @
# \) j! c3 S! N. {$ x8 B' g" i
for i = 1 opSize,- o0 o/ r/ C8 E" a
fpopul(i) = feval(f, popul(:,i));
0 \" H! b4 s" G8 ^! R6 H# F fevals = fevals + 1;( M) q. z6 z5 Q ~0 c3 k5 y, z
end
, }# Y2 d) Y6 D' p7 {; `' P; m& Y0 U8 N- o
bestpos = popul;/ `6 j5 O0 T- f
fbestpos = fpopul;
3 t! i! O( F* L( {( }% Finding best particle in initial population1 S5 ?% F X4 L1 ]
[fbestpart,g] = min(fpopul);5 o4 _/ d: V$ `! v
lastbpf = fbestpart;
( ^- ~ g m+ F; T2 ~$ a
! P8 G# B! v8 i2 A" m3 Qwhile (success == 0) & (iter < MaxIt), 6 w6 ]: B: K2 X" B: N
iter = iter + 1;
' i, } M3 M: C. J- |- K, ?# A# u* \! G
% VELOCITY UPDATE
+ M8 V" h* L* a, l3 h5 B9 Y; j for i=1 opSize,' R k6 S; q {+ }" j
A(:,i) = bestpos(:,g);
) A2 {; L f0 j( J end% Q( U7 n6 R0 N6 O: G
R1 = rand(dim, PopSize);& Q' j! O, [ v- E, J0 s6 ?
R2 = rand(dim, PopSize);) d3 ]! K( d: i% y2 T' ~+ Z! N
vel = w*vel + c1*R1.*(bestpos-popul) + c2*R2.*(A-popul);% `. w/ B2 ^" z9 ?4 Q( @
0 }, ^" {& h$ V: q' U% |! v % SWARMUPDATE
$ ~# W. b$ K- N popul = popul + vel;5 m' {" O2 {; s
% Evaluate the new swarm
& b( ~/ ^( r4 C/ S7 [ for i = 1 opSize,
+ M+ T1 O+ R- K* Q$ t* _ fpopul(i) = feval(f,popul(:, i));
# ~" M# f+ [* |( b, O fevals = fevals + 1;9 D) T3 e( r% e- F- ]% w4 w
end
, x: r# Z7 K# r; W* w % Updating the best position for each particle( q& h+ J, I- q6 j# [( Z5 s
changeColumns = fpopul < fbestpos;7 z1 G2 ?0 K0 U5 Z5 B) t
fbestpos = fbestpos.*( 1-changeColumns) + fpopul.*changeColumns;
5 M3 t! }1 \* _8 }8 g3 R. M5 R \ bestpos(:, find(changeColumns)) = popul(:, find(changeColumns));9 E9 t( a/ D! x
% Updating index g
& m! e5 w% v- I; S( y [fbestpart, g] = min(fbestpos);
/ L) v8 N, K9 q7 ^ q. o- y currentTime = etime(clock,startTime);/ f9 S7 A0 o2 ?7 Z9 Y( U6 H
% Checking stopping criterion
- z0 R: H4 T5 j1 A if abs(fbestpart-GM) <= ErrGoal
/ p, j: _. N/ w" H9 |7 @ success = 1;- U7 y& H Z) f9 x! m
else4 g0 j0 f& b B c7 c- {2 `
lastbpf = fbestpart;' R- i4 q5 x, }) |- A1 {; }% |5 W
end
9 O% m8 r' W2 D1 `- J' `1 i$ f# h2 ?9 q3 m7 g0 A2 h6 d
end
0 n7 {$ j# [/ W$ V
( h( K; w* w/ S) b5 m( F% Output arguments
$ M* ]. u+ j6 bxmin = popul(:,g);
" G- b: y. F) O& ~fxmin = fbestpos(g);
% F [/ `( W! j7 l" q1 M
$ Z: b9 [5 |! ^* L& n% Yfprintf(^ The best vector is : \n^);
( G1 u/ h# T6 B lfprintf(^--- %g ^,xmin);
7 t5 k1 J# J tfprintf(^\n^);
# S& S: j2 l$ O8 r%==========================================. P# n% K7 r$ c7 o; L _. n I
function DeJong=DeJong(x)
/ |& e9 w2 r; m# g* f1 I) {6 aDeJong = sum(x.^2); |
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