适应度函数 ( Fitness Function ):用于评价某个染色体的适应度,用f(x)表示。有时需要区分染色体的适应度函数与问题的目标函数。例如:0-1背包问题的目标函数是所取得物品价值,但将物品价值作为染色体的适应度函数可能并不一定适合。适应度函数与目标函数是正相关的,可对目标函数作一些变形来得到适应度函数。
: y4 F7 X% F# F3 `- F / D4 k/ T, _* A j# l- ]三.基本遗传算法的伪代码 : K8 J3 ]9 n3 G3 m. g& r. y ' r3 U/ h6 y7 X. ^& k0 y; Z[url=][/url] 4 M2 g3 k8 M k) Z# ~7 n1 h基本遗传算法伪代码/* f/ ~ H' l) R/ g! c* Pc:交叉发生的概率0 s' j) S( C! P4 a" o6 M. |- E. k+ V) U
* Pm:变异发生的概率 f4 r# j7 q: C) e8 | {
* M:种群规模 + I+ k" @# R( M2 a- a6 i9 f9 ~! s* G:终止进化的代数 / W: J5 e% m v' H) J3 V! w* Tf:进化产生的任何一个个体的适应度函数超过Tf,则可以终止进化过程% J; j! N/ z( f/ W. N
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初始化Pm,Pc,M,G,Tf等参数。随机产生第一代种群Pop 7 \7 P, b o8 y/ ]7 _: D% w7 f; g/ F3 B! F) u5 f: _
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计算种群Pop中每一个体的适应度F(i)。+ e+ u9 o- W9 |0 d+ }! t
初始化空种群newPop " \, ?4 _- m6 c4 g do; P- s1 \. y& L) c" ?# `9 j
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根据适应度以比例选择算法从种群Pop中选出2个个体. R) M) j6 O* j8 W/ i
if ( random ( 0 , 1 ) < Pc ) ! i8 @( ^ o3 @$ N* c: [ { 9 `8 Y) O8 c2 ~+ s& t 对2个个体按交叉概率Pc执行交叉操作 ~8 l* A1 A8 Q9 z
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if ( random ( 0 , 1 ) < Pm )' ]' ~9 }& H- r2 s. g
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对2个个体按变异概率Pm执行变异操作( l* _3 t! M# V2 e6 @. b- V
} * L3 w$ `9 v8 O' H将2个新个体加入种群newPop中% s7 M' ?* |- q. c
} until ( M个子代被创建 ) : p8 @$ _( K+ Y. t p用newPop取代Pop1 ]9 h- o& ^# J; b/ y$ J. [
}until ( 任何染色体得分超过Tf, 或繁殖代数超过G )2 q+ w8 `+ S( C/ M+ }# w
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[url=][/url] 8 m$ {! g% X$ g- D: X3 GTSPFitnessFunction类using System; 5 H2 I9 }& L) {$ x$ a, busing AForge.Genetic;; n d3 p4 R& R! I) W
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namespace GenticTSP ) Z2 x6 L/ F: h' A. z( @" i{ u% p+ i& J# {///<summary> , V2 i# ^* R! S8 d3 y& U/// Fitness function for TSP task (Travaling Salasman Problem)6 B/ N4 a2 d9 Z# H) K: S6 y t& T
///</summary>! ~8 p: j/ N5 p
publicclass TSPFitnessFunction : IFitnessFunction% [- d" P8 ?4 h
{ * q& o/ r2 C, W+ W// map8 H2 X& A# l9 c) Q0 S
privateint[,] map =null; / P: y# T: ^8 z$ }& V! w6 f; X% x' |; J. b' A- a( N7 v
// Constructor0 m$ q4 L1 T: ^9 @9 j5 C) A
public TSPFitnessFunction(int[,] map)$ x6 A- \7 ]- u2 L1 P9 S/ M0 N
{ / }! N/ z9 t# n4 qthis.map = map;5 g I# d# X/ b3 s5 z
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7 g: U* ~/ Z5 E/ w: e///<summary> 9 d" _* T; o, b' f% ^/// Evaluate chromosome - calculates its fitness value, H5 S' o: p, z5 t9 E1 M
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publicdouble Evaluate(IChromosome chromosome)" H) G2 }' @& M5 h2 _! {
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return1/ (PathLength(chromosome) +1);2 j+ q! T9 G2 s
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///<summary>. W s' y7 j, h* K! ]1 ]
/// Translate genotype to phenotype : _5 G. Z8 ^% z; X2 \1 L, @5 ~+ p///</summary>( G: v0 H! l2 _+ I/ ]
publicobject Translate(IChromosome chromosome)( Q9 G: |8 N" C. g% l' e/ V
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return chromosome.ToString();% w0 ]/ ~- ?6 E3 e
} + }2 R" a( ?$ s, L$ w# w# T. a; u & Y- r, H t E5 o( }///<summary>* q5 L1 A$ ^" k
/// Calculate path length represented by the specified chromosome 9 G7 K# {3 Q7 \+ j4 h- u
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publicdouble PathLength(IChromosome chromosome) " f. a0 J, b6 X+ P{: R" N, ]" B& {1 g
// salesman path5 q/ C6 ~% }( D
ushort[] path = ((PermutationChromosome)chromosome).Value; ( Y- e4 J9 e# N' l+ c8 R+ h) S: l9 r3 x* E, a
// check path size9 X. C/ s% p4 B2 `
if (path.Length != map.GetLength(0)) 9 D2 c% t3 V6 h" ^$ U. k3 E{$ L3 F3 y+ g8 {
thrownew ArgumentException("Invalid path specified - not all cities are visited");- Z5 T& m6 ]/ z5 c. j
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// path length! `. p% P3 I' i8 ~& q* L, O
int prev = path[0]; $ B0 @% ^0 k1 r2 Xint curr = path[path.Length -1]; 3 R' t+ P; v. m 1 T. n* v5 O; d. M0 y* H// calculate distance between the last and the first city# e: N/ w) q# [. e9 S( g& ?8 G" `! A
double dx = map[curr, 0] - map[prev, 0]; : R( g Q9 ^$ |double dy = map[curr, 1] - map[prev, 1];' M7 b0 t. g5 S) e+ y
double pathLength = Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);" b$ X$ c6 Q8 [* E1 u" J' G$ t7 e
9 j' l, {% F6 y1 p5 \// calculate the path length from the first city to the last Y5 i0 O' E# [! h6 p
for (int i =1, n = path.Length; i < n; i++) / X6 \! o$ B2 Z2 \% V{5 L. c4 v6 R5 P' n) T9 w H
// get current city 9 ~% H2 c/ m7 J: A# U' rcurr = path;$ C6 `/ p) h- q
, h$ ?; c6 E- z6 O* }- ?2 z# P' E4 F0 Y// calculate distance8 O' P Y d, a" i
dx = map[curr, 0] - map[prev, 0]; ; y$ ?+ B6 W4 B/ qdy = map[curr, 1] - map[prev, 1]; , p* f5 `& Y; ?$ B% Q% R* IpathLength += Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);: L4 M4 p) @! Y3 t8 S* a
$ c: d8 D7 R7 P9 g7 v; b// put current city as previous 9 ?) r9 ~% t# J! jprev = curr;0 r% o8 ?) c( d' y' s
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return pathLength;7 a6 z1 v* a, H
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(5) 添加GenticTSP.cs,加入如下代码:
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[url=][/url]# y3 G! U: g1 Q GenticTSP类using System; ! Q1 M( D, o$ l# Lusing System.Collections.Generic; % f9 x8 K3 F% g* \, V5 Q* F8 Ausing System.Linq; 7 s" w7 k7 V( T3 k7 U6 `using System.Text;) N( {# X) h1 B! p
using System.IO; 1 D. [- w' x8 i1 z* I+ o0 b 3 s- P" _$ B+ p; N* h* i' _% eusing AForge;0 e' e: T- S: G0 Z! i+ f4 ?
using AForge.Genetic;) h7 I7 Z4 P. i/ e
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namespace GenticTSP0 t* b( Y( }7 v; [# O) S
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class GenticTSP v7 Q7 C2 E* @{% Q5 G- u. `: i( C3 u/ F