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4、Python代码 . n: W( J5 e% I) P6 h' G8 z D& {#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- * T0 m- m4 b6 Z# e- Y& ?4 X$ ?3 V+ H% a" T
import random ; `3 l* [6 G7 m- A6 M5 }2 Himport math: ^/ u) V" b; b- B3 v8 q
from operator import itemgetter ( z# L8 m" O+ |; }/ {! f* ?0 \- p3 u0 ~" n+ s! q
class Gene:5 J" A) |1 J" |3 E9 ?* V8 w
''' * |% M, i9 Y7 z! q8 O, E& j% E This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom ; f: q5 z9 c ?+ a1 ~, m each object of this class have two attribute: data, size/ G: v3 R4 r1 L( J
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def __init__(self,**data): 3 @: Q9 M$ j2 e5 L& U self.__dict__.update(data) ' A9 |7 K- A2 i& p% K! @
self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene- V( h) |4 h# Z5 J% x
% a0 |7 I3 S1 R" F! R% b' }1 O) M$ O" e, y# P# z
class GA: . b1 x8 D8 j/ k4 G ''' ! _ Q* I% h H This is a class of GA algorithm. : [2 [/ x+ p- j+ Z7 C8 F, D ''' / A/ b5 Y( T( i3 F; ^0 J: T: U def __init__(self,parameter): 7 R$ W) W+ Q( [5 \9 T7 l" J% f '''0 {# m9 Y" f! o( G$ n; e0 P5 }
Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value . 5 `) w: i+ d* r9 H0 E& S6 ~ The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that: 7 ~- g$ h! O9 O: t. C( W* W9 E, z$ F1 g& G0 l7 ]
{'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)}" S) y& [$ f# o
Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] - C( l @ M/ G9 s. u: W' Q K5 z# V5 n# h3 c `
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#parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] l' u1 R3 L$ Z' d I- x* F
self.parameter = parameter " A9 g' R3 T+ F3 C9 f 5 ], l3 K+ x4 e8 [; L' Z low = self.parameter[4] ( R" D! F3 z4 B up = self.parameter[5] . O* |3 a( A- x, q2 u x9 P" y) V+ | + w- o$ N K+ F! } self.bound = [] ; e& A7 \! R; M self.bound.append(low) 1 t! a1 F5 X& W* ] W$ U0 | self.bound.append(up) ; l( t+ z6 L3 g1 A 4 J; e! l/ G0 X- F pop = []# J" q) H3 p: D! B% Z) d+ P. [
for i in range(self.parameter[3]):; q) ~4 |( ]1 e4 t+ K& ~
geneinfo = [] 1 U! v, l/ V/ k6 ]7 n3 T for pos in range(len(low)):. J' v: S( g2 L
geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation - H7 M' `6 {; |3 l* e# |! \. w3 l0 O' E
fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome. J& S; V9 {. F. q
pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness6 j; N: Z% s' q7 Q/ M
. }" ~$ A, e. P( M/ k5 P+ C self.pop = pop5 B0 `$ L) h4 P7 F. l+ {
self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population : D- E) X; R) p, a% Y5 T6 } 4 W1 J' b' U' Z9 {# P9 J: y def selectBest(self, pop): ! Q: \1 r* \* L ''' # [8 C, L8 o" O3 |# _5 O; j6 h select the best individual from pop$ ~3 a& f/ I9 \& r
'''0 l* z# j Q# t) U5 A- n
s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False)% B+ f2 O* C( n
return s_inds[0] ; W' O; q$ j; b5 f" ^7 {" m& D9 w; B+ [% m+ w' T
def selection(self, individuals, k):8 W$ [* ]7 f y. v3 M4 @
''' 9 A5 I% F% M4 ?/ q" p% g) f- A2 m select two individuals from pop , V; \: ?, P4 J6 }% u- X( K '''! M. n8 q$ c$ n, ~, L/ G! A
s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness . h) f/ K5 Z- _% A
sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop ; L* g( U3 j: y! c6 a ; F: n8 j/ `; B2 p chosen = [] . C1 p9 B$ ]& |, X8 ~ for i in xrange(k):7 g( v6 |7 x' t$ q" _) d0 q- j
u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits] # Z! R& i' E8 K) |% ]( B- p sum_ = 0& E1 x) ^8 a6 w# h
for ind in s_inds:; f9 x/ m/ k8 N( T+ e; o
sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness# R9 t7 } V. P. e, K* H* n
if sum_ > u: 2 [) L6 N3 j y( s #when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop 8 j7 y$ ]8 F% m s/ g chosen.append(ind)& C6 C( ^8 \: X% C$ A4 S
break q ]4 A8 y3 @7 A7 ~) m) V1 F
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return chosen 7 d; a4 C/ w3 _. K$ G
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6 d* G. |9 Z( ?3 _5 ?) C def crossoperate(self, offspring): $ h2 Y5 R& }6 n$ N7 Z! s ''' ! D5 \& B2 ^/ I v' Q) n4 \ cross operation0 a! a: ?7 K0 y7 i5 {* f; ^
''' 1 a1 O$ ^- A1 R; d dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data)1 ]; i: b% X& h' T2 K7 Z
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geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop3 M! ?; _8 J2 B1 c
geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop ( q# f j7 H9 { Y) }7 o ' }( F$ k2 }& \) y' m+ _$ a5 r pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, : u, n9 f: a8 ^ pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim)6 h0 v: [: K5 Q" C& X: q) n
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newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation 7 ]+ u+ ~- q4 B5 E m+ x3 J temp = []) V* c. l: d* G9 _
for i in range(dim):7 c+ H$ h# x) i4 n7 o
if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)):( X% i+ Y' e9 s' ~% |- d) z. q& |
temp.append(geninfo2)% i x3 `) c) e% p7 b: Z* _
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)] " G- k4 l: [+ ]# b5 H else: , F; F4 z0 i$ l! j, ` temp.append(geninfo1)+ l+ |( I& [, [1 h: Z! j! o$ p
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]% y8 ~8 J0 s! ^2 K, C
newoff.data = temp : U. t% L' l0 M6 i. Y8 E2 N4 G, h3 B, l9 W- m% ~( _1 ~, _3 L
return newoff % d$ J$ E6 B, D" N( M/ T J0 t 9 {9 p% k5 g8 ] h0 E) ~. @% a' J" q" n B3 I- D
def mutation(self, crossoff, bound):; Z. ^; g/ e* b0 P. H5 E4 c) f
''' & J2 V3 t4 z& t1 ?, H$ } mutation operation 9 }' i. s6 Y) A. V/ x4 x '''6 e! W+ F# [% s. J6 `
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dim = len(crossoff.data)3 `+ z8 c. {$ c
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pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation.* b- h9 h; {0 t' L* {9 m
( s$ M+ p) t5 Q; d! t crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos])7 |! `8 [, o! ~$ N( ?4 E6 Y" x
return crossoff6 J. k+ R3 n( `. U
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def GA_main(self):7 Q2 t$ |* t+ q
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main frame work of GA 5 n1 L0 q2 f. C: d M ''' 9 c( h6 u# h+ H, w: N) f/ y4 {/ m: C$ C' A) ^! Z/ U
popsize = self.parameter[3] 3 ^/ B- I9 u0 J" {8 g/ q + v2 ?5 S) D2 i print("Start of evolution")/ n. d2 S* b }* O, J6 u# I* z7 L
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# Begin the evolution 5 ` h8 z4 C M; i- _5 l# N for g in range(NGEN):/ M: r4 \" e3 M% }" b5 B
& V% M, l$ T4 o, i/ C( U" G& [& ? #Apply selection based on their converted fitness 2 l* D, B" z0 d2 m& @! p0 m+ p selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) 7 Q u7 y9 `/ |2 n: p7 ?7 ~+ e+ v; s- I# }/ ^0 G
nextoff = [] 3 y/ x; F8 T" K& O& a3 g/ L/ _ while len(nextoff) != popsize: ( e: i) B* B" r5 h: `+ } # Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring 9 Z( y F' N4 p( M* r% q
# [1 s }* b- V # Select two individuals! @8 p$ P6 \7 d7 n0 {* u+ s
offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)] , ?; }- s8 e9 b; _! N$ V- F* \6 Q: ^& ~# n; c
if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB " _- a1 V9 |# Y& w8 b: J crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring) 5 _( K, a9 {: n0 C- u6 Y% C fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals % |/ B6 U% }1 c0 y
% L0 f1 T& y3 T- k2 y+ t if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB 1 l! l( r7 \) m! s muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound) ( `- T I6 s" M3 P8 w! [ fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals 2 V- T2 d- b+ C; R nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff}) 1 e& m5 }6 U% ], k0 T [4 W [5 _1 T' D4 y! C
# The population is entirely replaced by the offspring / m1 \* X: S8 t0 T9 @4 ^1 P# l( O self.pop = nextoff ( M* I* C. ~" v- [8 g, v, q ! I' d+ a+ ?* O+ F) ]3 j1 S8 T # Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats- f6 T; |6 x2 L& S- B6 K/ W
fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop]0 t+ z# X; z) }/ i, u: x& u9 X, ]: E( {
0 V5 r0 W& h, o4 G: B- d, p length = len(self.pop)9 a/ L! ^8 j' @5 E0 O# e$ {) ?
mean = sum(fits) / length * Q5 i& t1 A2 Z( g- \ C. l sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits) " g& j; u# s2 S+ g# } std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.5: r0 }9 u; f( F9 K9 C; _
best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop)& _# x. n, C% ^
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if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']:; Q! w% a: V8 ?& d
self.bestindividual = best_ind ! o& a% w% ^' x+ q6 J. O5 v! k. |# R/ j, d: ^
print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness'])) + Z/ ^$ Z1 a; o0 c) f print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits)) & D$ Y& @& V1 n9 \! v' M' L0 p print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits))/ ?0 F+ E+ I- V, F; Y+ ?
print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean). `2 h' d4 H4 f/ X
print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std)1 E/ ~# U0 ^4 B- r9 [% x9 N
: w; v; T6 K, q1 k( |& l6 ? print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") 0 R4 `4 A) K% u$ a7 G: O' V) w6 d7 z$ `& a) n( t( r
if __name__ == "__main__": 3 h+ E; [( q ~: x' `" h 6 z0 Y/ v7 G" H. Q, f! z& a CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters 7 b' {! V" g4 i& t/ v' J8 w5 a0 j, d4 Q- U3 V6 ~
up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables7 K0 w6 F D d9 f9 l
low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables9 {) I! Y3 t# w
parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] $ u0 W; ~. w, M3 y % i, Z5 j0 L. E& R2 M1 q* C2 M run = GA(parameter) 3 k3 p8 i( N& O4 O8 h! j run.GA_main()4 l) `3 C* l/ F9 [, ]
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版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 # d' e* m3 S, F- _0 P+ U6 V原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675! l# P4 |; L, g. b: r) P3 ^/ u
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