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4、Python代码 ! L5 v* F4 ]- d6 ]" k( ?#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- % y" v/ N: P0 i8 i0 o: B7 e3 I* V/ x2 F( V ?( S9 u
import random ) p8 o- P8 N/ p! P1 zimport math # ^; z% I4 v- B, wfrom operator import itemgetter3 t* y5 }1 H D6 I) z& M
. M* u" x+ ?) Hclass Gene: # h1 u3 O# y9 ?% P- X& R ''' . N7 H: N9 f3 `1 g. F( X) [ This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom: T! [2 u% u7 r) p( I
each object of this class have two attribute: data, size $ n5 e* j8 o: L8 G2 v' H ''' ' Y1 J1 e* U1 y# P# N9 t* T def __init__(self,**data):% `# J5 b5 K8 V; K. B8 R/ m
self.__dict__.update(data) * H# c1 C2 S; O self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene8 @4 _. M# m, H# d
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, h( o& C. Y6 A9 {% z0 W! E: T& ]7 lclass GA: ! ^5 e7 D2 H" c2 z8 U# u+ q7 q ''' 5 f* U: e2 G& Q- C5 s This is a class of GA algorithm. % }& Q# r, M0 Q ''' 9 ?% k' [8 {$ m) U8 ~ def __init__(self,parameter):$ G$ h0 T8 @5 @" d
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Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value . u! Z8 x8 H" Q* [- C
The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that: $ K1 P, n6 `5 e* @: A6 ^9 [& P H7 r; a8 s1 c1 b$ \
{'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)}1 m9 X/ s% K+ D4 n3 ]
Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] 9 R0 m* [8 |1 T7 E a- D3 R ( ` t5 n0 P, g7 i( o, q; J ''' 1 M4 u% v. q+ d% p #parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] 2 j( J# i6 ^4 d; p8 ^/ T6 |9 O1 l% Y: V self.parameter = parameter 2 A% v5 } m$ `' h: p# w8 }5 R$ n( z% N, X
low = self.parameter[4] 3 c; a! [% N% A& |1 ] up = self.parameter[5] - T4 L" k, d3 F& X" s9 A7 ]4 X* M+ L% }, W; q8 u* Z
self.bound = []9 `' Y. R. D) j# U' H f
self.bound.append(low) & x& I+ E9 c' ^: m* ~$ f self.bound.append(up) % ]+ V( k, b" i; [ / W' T, j" T8 {, v4 n5 d pop = []8 |1 a X3 m, H+ E# C( W
for i in range(self.parameter[3]):4 @' c6 u5 z. T) c _. K/ f
geneinfo = []3 E4 G) J0 M1 a0 h, y+ d2 d( g' r o
for pos in range(len(low)):2 `% v9 r4 B [; s$ c* t1 u
geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation4 w5 L, }+ C4 J( D. t$ B; d
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fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome & } X8 d4 p0 M" z# ~' T" J7 F pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness" Y5 }2 `+ m; I7 o. X9 E" Z
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self.pop = pop# j: q' j& W! j2 R
self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population 8 {4 s3 l8 Z' X) T _5 L' }0 P + H t' V/ ]: s" d9 { def selectBest(self, pop):% E. j# r; @( C* M2 J
''' 2 Z0 f' z6 \/ W) A" {/ \& j select the best individual from pop. N2 ~! T8 r5 z7 J4 I1 U+ s6 Z
'''0 A z6 \: C/ v3 R; o- o3 E
s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False) 1 t( d7 m* V9 f( `. q9 E* i, Z& X return s_inds[0]& G: v! F9 f' `/ G- m# N& t; k \
" Q2 l, T& Q. k: E2 M5 Z2 v; ]0 P def selection(self, individuals, k): K: t4 ^4 o& ?# @: y4 m. _
'''% N5 U; ]% [( m
select two individuals from pop 8 {2 n2 A7 u. ` L0 D ''' 5 V+ j- [& `0 E s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness 3 z7 _: F, P. v0 l0 i9 U" o, V sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop4 P. a. H0 L9 H& o- d$ E! ^
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chosen = [], w" K- ?1 G% z! t8 u; U5 k
for i in xrange(k): 3 n7 a7 k0 m% Q( w' | u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits] # f' p! ` \. _4 v+ y sum_ = 0 {4 `& [7 S2 a- }& P" t( r for ind in s_inds:6 w7 T: N, T( p- ?8 c4 a/ @3 }
sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness $ O$ }; _! {: I4 ~+ g; t if sum_ > u: # \; T0 [* I1 i: H #when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop ' h) t+ e2 m# f7 s chosen.append(ind)' O( x8 _ }+ r6 F% e+ ~- S [
break 8 N# {) B/ o* s# U/ R# a. b5 K & u' `% D+ ^5 u3 n+ k4 U9 Q/ L0 o return chosen ; A& ^" ~2 n6 R2 M% p ) ?3 j/ z5 H5 j' O0 R3 B ; R K# @8 N- |" Q+ e6 _ def crossoperate(self, offspring):! j3 l8 \; I, r5 q5 T# H
'''# N1 I% k/ Q7 i" [, b
cross operation. S$ g' G g3 W+ K' s) W# m" |
'''1 j5 |" L2 I; C# R( \
dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data) 4 p5 N- t5 S$ K, R % U" F& h( ]; B$ c geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop& x: j9 K& `7 _0 q5 W0 K, _
geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop' u, d, ]: N, e; \ ?+ \+ M+ `
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pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, ' s7 C, \& u3 h+ \7 h2 ^# ?2 U" s
pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim) B0 n3 S% t/ m( h- N 5 u2 Q4 ]: U3 q- v$ Z( B! u newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation. L% v. A! E/ T3 x) i! @: f5 ?
temp = []& M7 i, |0 O" }. H1 X, H8 t9 S
for i in range(dim):4 p5 G. l5 {+ L7 P4 a6 H3 o
if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)):' p& t9 j% c! s4 O G
temp.append(geninfo2)( t$ p7 |7 Y8 I0 E) }
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]7 P' C$ g+ i$ A( l O) ]
else: 7 Y2 L/ ^$ p" H. p$ v! H temp.append(geninfo1), n* r X! M% v% M( E/ C
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)]0 r2 y% Q$ W; F
newoff.data = temp: F* P3 C7 V0 \
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return newoff5 U, d9 E/ [4 Z! g5 t! a; x
# d* L( f: F9 q t; y * m8 a, i% c" n" R" @" | def mutation(self, crossoff, bound): 6 l. ~5 O" A- R0 @$ ? '''% y E) ^2 u2 w2 o! T
mutation operation8 C" l( E' K& D/ _- Z- ~; @
'''4 k1 b, o7 s+ D, W' Y3 i
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dim = len(crossoff.data) 6 F* ~4 ]* B( a+ h+ Z) ^6 S2 V3 o% A) L: L% J
pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation.4 J# d' N6 i4 Q: C. U& O( S! ^) c9 y
: v. D; w' {* L& P" \; Y/ Y6 j+ E crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) 7 v' L: P; l2 L0 t/ z5 N7 V7 @ return crossoff % a8 L# F- V# [9 k w9 T1 F8 S7 ]% g% O* \* a
def GA_main(self): 9 o1 Z3 P. v- u5 Z/ {! }/ L1 D+ o3 r6 b '''1 t' K/ F* p4 B
main frame work of GA/ e7 Q% F7 N8 s' L1 k
'''% ]& H; E- I+ P" h- ?6 @5 x
$ Y' m# _3 L2 R popsize = self.parameter[3]8 D$ _, x4 S% Z, h
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print("Start of evolution")( _8 G" H) V7 S, o
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# Begin the evolution / X6 \2 M. s2 L' K: U for g in range(NGEN): 3 U# V" W5 V3 n9 U$ c G" k1 m+ P$ j# B9 R( ~ W! S+ K S; q
print("-- Generation %i --" % g) 0 H5 O$ K$ u2 `( F/ ?5 \7 |( R! L; A% b" y; y& ^6 c
#Apply selection based on their converted fitness 5 q# A% ^) `" n1 j4 | selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) S( K) g4 R" C5 T
3 {5 k/ S# J: r8 H nextoff = [] 7 n3 t( `/ r# }2 P. W& `- n6 ]% f' } W
while len(nextoff) != popsize: - W+ n0 a J* |* B- t8 s6 ] # Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring & y/ Y% B$ V" I( s4 l! \! k& \# g8 x8 W. S
# Select two individuals B' `2 Z9 o4 Z, r
offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)]/ ]( o2 Q. J" l* J6 c; U2 j
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if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB / B4 o+ c1 W" `8 y1 q" Y: [ crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring) F$ O0 ^! e( k7 g; c fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals . y" a* B+ n5 o$ D8 J: y( R ; O9 x# b/ s$ Y) I. r4 Q$ x/ R/ m if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB 9 p% k0 U+ [8 b. a8 f" _ muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound); o. `9 {; f' f0 j
fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals - |. B) d$ [% C# V* ]. ] nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff}) ' A0 u1 H' t/ z/ v; i n1 M6 k % D( u5 r( P' g$ E # The population is entirely replaced by the offspring 4 i* W) m, D: T- q5 c self.pop = nextoff 1 T9 @8 s1 Z! ~# V( P6 M7 M5 |+ j+ m' M5 U5 f( Z( N
# Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats9 G# n, N9 h( V( v
fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop] , B1 s/ x. {% P A2 a \- e' ] 0 u* v. u T4 D8 w6 ^% b( H' R; {# o% I length = len(self.pop)0 O- F( e' t' t# E
mean = sum(fits) / length, \# Y" ?! x- H) ~; v/ W5 A2 d
sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits): v, ]/ a1 |6 H( I! l
std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.51 @1 ]3 V, y" X9 m' n" M/ {
best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop); ~ n! s7 c3 h% B
1 N" p, C, m( A. r- V8 ` if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']: ; g/ g$ x' e" w$ ~ self.bestindividual = best_ind7 u! ^) O) D X- E6 t& L2 e
" A7 J. v7 n X# q8 ? print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness']))! {2 ^/ X" e8 d
print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits)) ' M, k0 }! h( g" x# h: ^+ h$ u print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits))7 {0 Y- t" Q" J5 P% |7 i5 I/ t- Q
print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean) $ D" M& i! w' O" J) b print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std) - y, v& M! R6 D& ^( s4 ^! E# F0 n. E. h8 t, ~
print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") 9 `, n6 |& u+ {* h& t6 ^3 }
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if __name__ == "__main__": " ]" J& b$ }& K, u- z5 p3 h/ M# T W5 K3 B, d. h3 k
CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters5 v9 g J) Y* N# |! p' d/ C
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up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables 5 G: {9 S8 ^5 ~, G low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables & _ @' H8 v: V: G: h+ }' L; _1 j4 y% r parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]9 r2 F& E* Z* e% D& l( y% W
! L# e! Z! n6 m0 a- A* ^' n run = GA(parameter)* Q( r. V4 {' D/ p
run.GA_main() ) s ?" e5 J0 X- |7 p: p5 o————————————————! C3 `0 M1 P! F& c
版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 # I9 j6 x K; x6 Q$ ^* `原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675: k0 [- L0 R) Z$ s. B% A
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