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SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换

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发表于 2005-8-8 14:29 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
|招呼Ta 关注Ta
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>熟悉<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER 2000</FONT>的数据库管理员都知道,其<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>可以进行数据的导入导出,其实,我们也可以使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出操作。在<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Transact-SQL</FONT>语句中,我们主要使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">OpenDataSource</FONT>函数、<FONT face="Times New Roman">OPENROWSET </FONT>函数,关于函数的详细说明,请参考<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>联机帮助。利用下述方法,可以十分容易地实现<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>数据转换,详细说明如下:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
" |7 w! _. z6 z0 Y/ m9 y< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>& S) x- Z  o+ ?7 J( b
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>一、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>
! Y9 w: h7 ]6 N* |: c4 }< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
; l: v7 m/ O+ T) H6 ~% p< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>常规的数据导入导出:使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>向导迁移你的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>数据到<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL Server</FONT>,你可以使用这些步骤:</P>. b$ W: E+ F5 p7 }; D! M1 ?  Q* n
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
# r6 `2 Q  ^# m- n8 z0 y< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>企业管理器中的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Tools</FONT>(工具)菜单上,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data Transformation</FONT></P>8 t; X: Z" Q$ }; k2 M4 v/ \
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>0 K; ^6 Z3 v# O, {/ y
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2Services</FONT>(数据转换服务),然后选择<FONT face="Times New Roman"> czdImport Data</FONT>(导入数据)。</P>( X! V3 V, V; w9 @
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>" K' r! W9 }; M0 Q% |
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Data Source</FONT>(选择数据源)对话框中选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft Access as the Source</FONT>,然后键入你的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>数据库(。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。</P>& N8 N! p+ A" s2 f4 {* {! M7 a
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>. R3 J4 U1 }8 u/ @7 e- e* ~
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Destination</FONT>(选择目标)对话框中,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft OLE</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">DB Prov ider for SQL</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT>,选择数据库服务器,然后单击必要的验证方式。</P>
% F& K# h7 c/ n' Q< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
$ ]; j3 h/ k* `1 Y% u< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    5</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Specify Table Copy</FONT>(指定表格复制)或<FONT face="Times New Roman">Query</FONT>(查询)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Copy tables</FONT>(复制表格)。</P>, Q# u! `. N6 O# \: Z# `; \4 ~- \
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>/ j# H# p& R/ [# ], h3 ~1 H
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    6</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select Source Tables</FONT>(选择源表格)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select All</FONT>(全部选定)。下一步,完成。</P>
6 n4 a0 f* F# d5 K< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>" C( d' P( c8 @9 p
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出:</P>$ V( d1 A6 P* i$ n& Z
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
3 Z' ~' k8 w, X. ^4 \< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1.</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>数据:</P>0 o2 n  C! Y1 n
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>, o1 y( b1 ^. t
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\'</FONT>)……表名</P>0 ~- Q  I/ o! a
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
/ F$ ]" F' Y( O' w' g0 d< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>
" v7 q" B% a3 l, z< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
2 U9 N% w0 D; @! W! Z8 Z* n< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * INTO newtable FROM OPENDATASOURCE </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\' </FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
: Q' W# L) J8 b0 d! y/ a& C9 ~< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
, Y; r9 n0 D5 o! Y9 p4 W<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>表里的数据插入到<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>表中在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>5 F) {! n& Y5 ^
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
1 m% r- H; Y% I<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source=" c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=\\\'</FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>(列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select </FONT>列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2 from sql</FONT>表<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
: y$ \5 z7 K+ K: e0 z) z6 L<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
' L1 B5 F. n/ f; O1 k1 B( F<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\db.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Test</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select id</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">name from Test</FONT></P>
$ z9 b. j" i4 j9 h. B( H<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>) ~( f: O- h+ [" b; r6 q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    INSERT INTO OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\trade.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>表名)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> SELECT * FROM sqltablename</FONT></P>
( N! r% U  F# t' y7 }  n<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
3 X# S$ p# e, L4 h0 F$ ?0 o- t7 d<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>二、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>
# C! P( s2 G0 E! }2 ]<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
  j; M/ Q+ E  a8 y* I<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>数据:</P>8 U: b0 A, F4 r1 A: b
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>5 S+ k3 T% O8 g+ s
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>$ k' Y' E! ^& ^& G' q) ]
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
5 g; v+ q0 g6 p5 p: n<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>下面是个查询的示例,它通过用于<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Jet </FONT>的<FONT face="Times New Roman"> OLE DB </FONT>提供程序查询<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Excel </FONT>电子表格。</P>
' g/ t! F: ~6 {9 Y) @<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
- E4 M- z; Q# _& y<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>! y/ Y6 B3 K. a
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
8 ~4 F7 Y& L- s% _/ h<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>的数据导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server </FONT>:</P>
; Y$ |! d* w" Z. i; q# y' `8 Z<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>* i. G' B" D& ]$ `' r
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>1 ~- U1 V4 Z6 q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
) T4 b2 g5 j, W4 }$ F" E; i<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>
0 v, Q" W$ W8 t3 o: p: u& c+ M<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
( r% R- U6 H, F& d* Q9 k<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>中查询到的数据导成一个<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>文件<FONT face="Times New Roman">T-SQL</FONT>代码:</P>
5 F8 p" a# \, ?; k$ j1 a8 R; m<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>0 d/ L0 N7 N8 W! m' r
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""\\\'</FONT>参数:<FONT face="Times New Roman">S </FONT>是<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>服务器名;<FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT>是用户;<FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT>是密码说明:还可以导出文本文件等多种格式<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>4 s6 L$ _4 h) V: W# A+ K
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
5 q9 ]7 k: A* L" r% ]: n<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"\\\' </FONT></P>1 k  \1 G+ t5 c. d# y
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
$ m% }/ _2 G8 L( E. G# M% M<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT au_fname</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> au_lname FROM pubs</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'</FONT></P>
% o7 t) s/ @% M# K<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
! z# ?! m  _" S: b& C<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">VB6</FONT>中应用<FONT face="Times New Roman">ADO</FONT>导出<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>文件代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection cn.open "Driver={SQL Server}</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Server=WEBSVR</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">DataBase=WebMis</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">UID=sa</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">WD=123</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">" cn.execute "master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT col1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> col2 FROM </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">" queryout E</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'" </FONT></P>
  g* P1 o# Y) z<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
/ F5 ^6 g. v" K. F$ Z<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里往<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>插入数据:</P>
. q* c1 D" M2 \5 R<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>/ L- ]; |2 K  b4 f+ u, D4 Q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">table1 </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">A1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> values </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>& l4 W0 t2 M: f) _0 o( ?& ^5 T
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>3 F$ ?+ u( N% L1 e5 h, k" W
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    T-SQL</FONT>代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">INSERT INTO OPENDATASOURCE</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Extended Properties=Excel 8.0</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data source=C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\training\\\\inventur.xls\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Filiale1$] </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">bestand</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> produkt</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> VALUES </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Test\\\'</FONT>)</P>" W5 e! x' j5 V2 k; E1 y8 m  |
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>    总结:利用以上语句,我们可以方便地将SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换,为我们提供了极大方便!
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