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4、Python代码2 i1 s" `/ V) G0 W) P; l
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-, M( S' H; Y# ]( P7 n$ z
( n0 Y& i$ ^, |! Wimport random' H' Y5 O# ^; q" `: h; X5 Z
import math" s! q; P3 g: ]7 B4 z
from operator import itemgetter U7 j# y: _/ M& O/ O- l2 `/ g9 g$ C: G; Y! @/ Q4 _4 E, u
class Gene:# O; c" ]/ p" w+ }& K
''' 3 `/ _- ~) _( x, \ This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom 4 I, v/ G- M0 O& H# G each object of this class have two attribute: data, size ! b0 I U, I+ y0 s9 h0 D8 g y6 u ''' s/ f. y$ ]7 H# F
def __init__(self,**data): ( l& i# s( o2 F; q self.__dict__.update(data) 5 H) G$ Y1 q) H, O* p, S2 z
self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene& \, p3 p0 H6 Z7 ]3 M" v, r
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class GA: 0 X# O @% O" J H% ^( Q. q, M/ B0 T ''' 3 @7 s5 B$ f' i+ v% x# \ This is a class of GA algorithm. 0 W8 M8 x) K1 m' ~, c, r# V
''' ; d2 U% ` K5 W1 {" ` def __init__(self,parameter): 4 X# o* f* G$ F# Q- v ''': B W1 J" v; |! G- a2 d( {$ _
Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value .! m) g5 u8 D3 o! a T( l
The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that: 2 p9 ?/ {( G' R/ H) K2 \* g" N0 M1 }; P) d* c t2 ]
{'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)}" p l) ^" I8 r# J
Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] E/ D: S0 N7 P, A& _4 i# H5 E% U3 y3 M+ Q7 @$ `; S/ g. M
''' $ j( U1 J) |/ ~: s; _) H #parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] * R% f b4 ^0 ` l" Y/ f6 G self.parameter = parameter 7 _9 b# {3 d# W6 k* p, s . x9 }8 @: b- e low = self.parameter[4]3 X! ^7 W3 {5 {
up = self.parameter[5]( D1 t4 o9 y% r. A! }( ]/ d# J
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self.bound = [] 1 q/ G: T1 {3 q3 a2 V5 X" \ self.bound.append(low) + z! {$ ]0 l! B3 N2 J self.bound.append(up); Q s. ~) b: D. m5 D6 T& j# I, a& k
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pop = [] - `3 Z1 t% M3 {1 T" s for i in range(self.parameter[3]):! J7 B7 [$ x5 d" s: O
geneinfo = [] ; F9 P1 x5 Z8 ] for pos in range(len(low)): ! n) C$ J* Q) T; `. P' ~7 {: j: a8 { geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation 0 L' N$ z4 W$ `1 } 4 u, o9 T j. A$ B. f* ]: E fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome ( b" G" Q( O- z& }6 d; V pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness 5 V& I6 j2 A) z5 r9 h 3 Z' f; ^: e2 Q9 Y" m+ s self.pop = pop 0 |$ R# l9 j+ c self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population 8 H, C8 ], F4 _+ @/ L. D+ ~+ N, W) s8 G
def selectBest(self, pop): ( p: X2 Q U" c& g ''' 5 s! M' j v+ b: u select the best individual from pop6 F3 ?, v- l! M- S4 q7 B: |. Y' @
''' 4 s! ~! l2 V1 S% f s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False) 7 T) ~- C9 t y6 R return s_inds[0] ?4 n m% U* y9 Z' u
! e/ p' L* W% w" q9 K def selection(self, individuals, k):2 _# x* f, f, {
'''& P% v, l R; J# z. }0 _$ y
select two individuals from pop - ~! q- U0 [ A1 V( P2 ?2 @ ''' , z C! s7 y& F' a: N5 T; j$ { s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness ; }# G: o* W, F) V+ Y. f
sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop5 L' ^8 N' {$ K2 ]
' T8 e, b5 j- S) @ chosen = [] ) P2 r/ m5 k' w6 }0 v for i in xrange(k):/ C/ D0 s. V% D3 O) t/ K, g) I7 W2 y
u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits]$ b" p: y, Y. y* k- P% |3 N
sum_ = 0! j Y2 f7 K* S. m2 X$ c5 j! |, `# |4 a5 r
for ind in s_inds: 2 D. v% q# d! x0 \! e8 Z4 y) h% j sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness 1 f+ ?; g5 C' P* I: G if sum_ > u: + `. ]3 P6 |; L/ i) q #when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop 9 f6 H' g* D" L% V chosen.append(ind)9 k6 C1 I1 s' }+ q2 @( m% T7 m" Y& W
break: b8 {9 j4 y6 F6 Z9 Z" M
8 |! k5 v6 ^. L6 Q$ ~' c) z) S return chosen " ~" T& d1 C* d5 k1 ^/ S( \: T* H. ^
s- y/ R L! E/ z( e; V( n def crossoperate(self, offspring):$ F* ]+ W' i' V7 i: P/ c9 x; _
''' P' c- s$ K" g- G5 { cross operation& _$ ^+ \' s) W( I
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dim = len(offspring[0]['Gene'].data) 1 C- `; `$ r! `0 D6 t/ X# P7 {$ G 9 y" Q+ r4 T- ]6 T$ t7 |- A5 W geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop, _( R% q/ q- ^
geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop4 F! X/ c8 C/ Q9 {+ E$ A5 o
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pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, 1 k4 M9 k1 s) n% D pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim) ) r$ c2 H4 n# r & h0 g- C9 |2 y7 z# \* g5 b; [ newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation - a7 G2 z* p U( m0 F/ I temp = [] # }$ n* T0 O3 [% w for i in range(dim): 5 h$ d% u% _1 S# Z: _2 j if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)):) k# ?2 d+ g* z* L
temp.append(geninfo2)* d9 X+ o) i v" p4 x3 P' C" W
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)] 4 P8 E( U% n$ T5 m' c8 @# Y1 z6 L else:# z$ [+ H. H7 [" B% c
temp.append(geninfo1) . y8 [% r- X2 u* H z #the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)] . M9 [) h/ ]& | g* ]* B( w. Q newoff.data = temp) F& @8 K5 B0 T7 L# v* ^
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return newoff ( v; O% n/ }& g3 U 1 j6 e) U) H8 u! v% t8 ?5 H: x+ x3 N$ m8 ~' A9 k
def mutation(self, crossoff, bound): & s5 _* _8 v1 s& W ''': V0 w' w8 _% k' q/ ^' F+ A% N
mutation operation/ |8 m' u- E! T# {) C
''' 8 G; t" h- M4 ^7 \0 k1 G8 Z* i: D! o' h& u3 s& c) o, h
dim = len(crossoff.data), |, K u* y9 @9 v9 {' o" J8 i% J
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pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation. ' z$ D& }& T% {( c7 A. H& i$ L; `; e' a& l6 D& x; [/ h
crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) ! `+ j0 t6 {$ L; ? K return crossoff0 y* n) |1 g5 b( v' ?
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def GA_main(self): : g E/ L$ [. h ''' 8 o$ F8 J; Q5 Z( Z ^- ] main frame work of GA $ y7 ^ B/ B3 r! n ''' # B+ O+ U& @- I( J* g) v3 x' Q4 ~7 `; o/ `# l' K6 P8 u
popsize = self.parameter[3]9 p$ c& k! K0 s4 _0 ^
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print("Start of evolution")8 h( o% D& E1 l! v/ m& D7 k0 L
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# Begin the evolution 0 \! z' j) K9 `. c$ q, Q for g in range(NGEN): 7 J; j" H% i# k. Z ' D6 u0 @4 g! l1 a* G print("-- Generation %i --" % g) 3 H8 ~3 A) [0 z' B3 I* E- L% M* q# Z' h2 o5 C. c. ~& g3 A
#Apply selection based on their converted fitness ?# H8 H3 l, Q* P0 l$ y
selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) / b. t4 n7 z& K& R4 v0 s, Z" G( U$ } A$ l: E
nextoff = [] ' {2 A" |3 n: Y; B3 n Q while len(nextoff) != popsize: 3 C' v- h9 l- x7 M7 C7 Q0 U
# Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring ; w, \* f0 C) ]& F; K, R0 L& Z5 J r
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# Select two individuals( _$ R$ ]$ j4 A! K; Y& N
offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)] 9 @5 s" s9 B" T% a- z3 t% j# |) C: I8 o! g3 l
if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB ( }/ H* Z. c4 r3 l crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring)6 v+ ?( ^7 |, a' d a
fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals ! b5 Q2 m1 b8 y0 O 2 n* _8 |2 c9 @4 d6 o if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB* a- Z. J6 {) b. h
muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound) , b; ]7 h ]% T' }1 j! O2 a fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals: O! I$ ~+ Z3 j' Q. a9 m$ Q" f! _/ i
nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff}) * C- M7 [0 X Q7 O * X1 L+ H$ ]" \9 m% |/ o # The population is entirely replaced by the offspring( U+ n, p" c& X6 C( B, M
self.pop = nextoff5 J8 z1 B- p7 c$ S& y( f- b
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# Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats 3 G4 L' D' u4 V( B fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop]# j- D" p( f3 v8 w. Z/ @. E
/ n8 a; F$ @: a- V/ n. c5 K length = len(self.pop)+ M" f, s! h. v/ s
mean = sum(fits) / length ( f+ d3 s$ H& N' v0 [! D( s sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits): Q* Y2 c4 y3 E$ B; u% W) `8 R
std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.5 " E, }* P$ d& T! p best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop) . O( P0 t5 e; P3 I3 ~2 O& [7 B9 }* x) ~/ Z4 \
if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']:2 i# ^3 N0 K) l' a; x6 H, k2 E
self.bestindividual = best_ind , p4 W/ N# w, R: I % [$ u! s( e6 c) ~. m: c print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness'])) % S. c9 _/ Y6 n) x0 ?1 w/ _. C8 A print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits))' n7 v6 o/ t( @ u# S& X0 W
print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits))( a9 N2 a6 P- m. W0 k, _/ W" e
print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean) 2 T ~- x, @* b B. V print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std) 3 t+ t+ R, p7 q8 v( w& `" s! a, n 5 v# ^9 l G. b$ C print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") * e' j' p/ e4 i$ [ 3 Q0 u! Y3 @! }* F' v3 s6 Kif __name__ == "__main__":. m3 e; S7 V, o. ?- p, s: W
6 ~- G' z+ ]: L A6 c; b CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters 4 M1 x b9 Z6 Y# C$ `! |# a3 s ' o1 k& X8 T$ o0 G& t' t3 q& m up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables3 n$ h l$ }* c9 n+ @7 p
low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables ' a2 f5 ?+ C2 e parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]' K5 H8 S- ~; K- P, {" v0 ]
. Z H. I3 w1 H& i _9 J run = GA(parameter) * Y& F# |& q+ U2 y7 ]4 W9 ~ run.GA_main()! V# P& u, m4 [$ }3 `& `
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版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 : o( p o; u+ _# P0 B原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675 + b& t( x. l# l2 I& }, y ' P2 |) Y% d4 [& k% n+ q1 P; L 4 Z7 o6 q+ _1 F& T; V6 ]/ }