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4、Python代码' D) _$ K4 f3 |+ T1 u
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-1 @7 I0 L8 D2 D W( _3 @
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import random 8 c8 X, S x/ k- P t9 B" `: wimport math# G0 U# j, r, }3 A
from operator import itemgetter 8 o7 \$ I4 v' h* a6 J3 S1 t- s! v- B
class Gene:; \6 ?6 J0 ]* K/ B- `7 z* F7 l
''' & O0 b. z1 e6 a This is a class to represent individual(Gene) in GA algorithom % \1 I6 D8 R5 m& w' @ ^ each object of this class have two attribute: data, size; E0 M% X* f+ j
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def __init__(self,**data):" f! r- A, v. X" s5 ]+ G
self.__dict__.update(data) . _( Q% D* o6 S9 o2 t self.size = len(data['data'])#length of gene! L! F) j" @7 ?/ V- ~" K6 I
- y- c; U- ]2 R, Z9 ]6 M9 O( ~ ; a8 `) @1 U- v' h9 R) a7 Fclass GA:* M) q: n9 d1 D% \* n( G% d
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This is a class of GA algorithm. . a+ p, S( u4 D8 u '''. t1 u. o: {2 l$ c0 M
def __init__(self,parameter):/ {0 q2 W/ U4 W2 ~) \
'''# `: B, X8 i5 ?: |; u( ]
Initialize the pop of GA algorithom and evaluate the pop by computing its' fitness value ., S! H" w3 Q/ _' i$ }% c: U
The data structure of pop is composed of several individuals which has the form like that:& X( B0 i$ {9 |6 T7 L5 }8 F: H+ ^
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{'Gene':a object of class Gene, 'fitness': 1.02(for example)} ' X7 k) M7 H6 P9 [ Representation of Gene is a list: [b s0 u0 sita0 s1 u1 sita1 s2 u2 sita2] # M) p. ?& X- w/ @+ R& R 2 I1 |' A. I& ~ i1 L0 m# R ''' ( s& @5 k, i$ H: M& u! r #parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up]1 D- G3 ~( u* N) v' J
self.parameter = parameter1 A- G, a* y9 k3 u! Q: x
2 u$ j# j3 y7 \5 C, G low = self.parameter[4], m2 S3 ^! B& ?/ ]
up = self.parameter[5] 4 a! _5 G d' C( a- ^& n ' f! R* I/ B0 Y* k/ _ self.bound = [] ' s# ]8 X+ t* l; j self.bound.append(low)/ r4 d: b- B% a
self.bound.append(up)9 {6 x2 m( g; R$ D, _$ Q& b9 a
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pop = [] ! q' t. k: {3 s' e for i in range(self.parameter[3]): 4 n2 G8 \7 u) f& h7 f geneinfo = []* S5 D7 H$ u* u
for pos in range(len(low)):6 D0 ?/ V+ G" r; I- y
geneinfo.append(random.uniform(self.bound[0][pos], self.bound[1][pos]))#initialise popluation , p9 \" s! w$ z% C' e/ C7 I( s; o1 h6 o7 U4 i; k) k3 Q4 e
fitness = evaluate(geneinfo)#evaluate each chromosome0 Q/ `! y6 T, U$ P* I
pop.append({'Gene':Gene(data = geneinfo), 'fitness':fitness})#store the chromosome and its fitness( P$ ?* Y+ P. V; p
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self.pop = pop 4 |+ u _; C2 y6 x6 m+ K+ { self.bestindividual = self.selectBest(self.pop)#store the best chromosome in the population3 [8 C9 c, y" W0 K
+ v z: O. J0 S6 M9 k* V5 U def selectBest(self, pop): 0 V" e7 ~: M- t6 _9 q! c: }( E ''' & D4 g0 L7 K4 U3 c. M select the best individual from pop( {; B x- M- E( k
''' 4 D0 a. X# }' M& N! e- M# w! { s_inds = sorted(pop, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse = False)5 X: q8 h4 n8 ~" T
return s_inds[0] 6 E- O2 Z, p( K- J% X% f, ?6 L7 g4 M) p6 E; J, @ H
def selection(self, individuals, k):1 F# j( V9 P5 r" H' A# W0 q
''' L& M9 ]7 {7 e( o6 q: P* n
select two individuals from pop . n: X9 u, n8 h ''' 9 J! P8 [9 n r! L- s2 n( }/ i0 a9 D s_inds = sorted(individuals, key = itemgetter("fitness"), reverse=True)#sort the pop by the reference of 1/fitness : q' n" ]* f! {* Q) E. w8 k1 Y
sum_fits = sum(1/ind['fitness'] for ind in individuals) #sum up the 1/fitness of the whole pop ; C) {! _- u( o* L; E, f& V% H( @2 [. g/ l3 l% x5 T' a
chosen = []7 H- T: o0 R2 z' v, I
for i in xrange(k): 9 z9 h* B) q. g u = random.random() * sum_fits#randomly produce a num in the range of [0, sum_fits]+ k- K- ^" y' m1 p
sum_ = 0 , o9 e( `! D/ \; m( P) z, J) v for ind in s_inds:* q7 p# k" M0 k3 [* O
sum_ += 1/ind['fitness']#sum up the 1/fitness ) n- N+ @% G) i# i if sum_ > u:* w. |/ Z8 p& M$ ]
#when the sum of 1/fitness is bigger than u, choose the one, which means u is in the range of [sum(1,2,...,n-1),sum(1,2,...,n)] and is time to choose the one ,namely n-th individual in the pop$ V* p% W0 r8 m N( {: j+ N
chosen.append(ind) ) y( {6 b/ _' r break# Q7 [4 i. Q6 K. b! ?
4 t; [* A6 W5 d+ N return chosen 8 g: `5 n$ C# [% @" A: o4 B' c
& X4 C* `5 `. w0 f* I geninfo1 = offspring[0]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of first offspring chosen from the selected pop ; Z5 N9 Y! F" I/ A geninfo2 = offspring[1]['Gene'].data#Gene's data of second offspring chosen from the selected pop : Q. T( [" s+ s, c y! s- t, H8 l: b A) J; C) m* |+ ]
pos1 = random.randrange(1,dim)#select a position in the range from 0 to dim-1, # N, A) a/ a5 ^2 c. b pos2 = random.randrange(1,dim) - A, [/ ?. a# n% ]. M; X, Q( o" p5 P( S
newoff = Gene(data = [])#offspring produced by cross operation. s! z0 D2 n) C: w. h( A; ^
temp = []5 N4 l7 Z- E" x: ]) H
for i in range(dim): . ^' }! g0 W6 Z7 a/ o/ \/ | if (i >= min(pos1,pos2) and i <= max(pos1,pos2)):. h+ @6 m" z0 a& B
temp.append(geninfo2) ) k! C! o* p% b& p; J8 f+ M& Q #the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the second offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)] \. y3 ~" {! M: W5 y6 d
else: . t+ z" K! X) W, ^) J' a# s temp.append(geninfo1)$ G! i; e. O4 X8 w; U/ |
#the gene data of offspring produced by cross operation is from the frist offspring in the range [min(pos1,pos2),max(pos1,pos2)] : ?3 y8 I7 ^$ i3 v newoff.data = temp7 W+ G9 s; M" _- l
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return newoff5 ?3 b& d% r4 g
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def mutation(self, crossoff, bound):) S+ W# L4 b) ^3 ~. K; Y# m# g9 a1 v
'''9 C" `$ g1 }1 y+ m; g: ~
mutation operation0 E8 p# `$ v) ^" K- q, ~9 T
''' 1 P7 Y. b) N; y! p* I 3 ]+ L5 n: a( k$ n, U dim = len(crossoff.data) . `2 @) @& j; w( B9 R2 D' g8 s: M2 A
pos = random.randrange(1,dim)#chose a position in crossoff to perform mutation. : L/ r9 g2 I5 I2 o/ N F P& T4 g- E4 F: H
crossoff.data[pos] = random.uniform(bound[0][pos],bound[1][pos]) ! i& J& X2 x$ n# o7 E+ `5 q5 R return crossoff . j1 F* E' O! O5 K# k4 H' o% L# V$ e; T; k/ {# W" M
def GA_main(self): . `' q- n) v+ G ''' S7 G" Q1 d' O' M) G
main frame work of GA" m! H# L v7 m: G6 W) @7 f
''' 1 x9 B8 j/ A7 v: X: X+ B 6 v) z, @5 D8 `( y popsize = self.parameter[3]; m8 x1 I) D- U7 K8 P3 e& U+ m
r$ ^) m% g/ M# N( p( {8 ]3 K# A6 Q print("Start of evolution")3 B; y, s6 k" g* T
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# Begin the evolution J0 T4 e0 K6 w) u9 x( |) p0 H; \/ G for g in range(NGEN):: z- o8 U) G5 X1 y( W+ H
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print("-- Generation %i --" % g) $ C& c6 s: v+ ?
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#Apply selection based on their converted fitness* d! z7 f7 Q- u) e
selectpop = self.selection(self.pop, popsize) ; v, [% j$ D8 g; Y" b* }* J) y: n! P
nextoff = [] 6 y7 f- @- W( [! m! r while len(nextoff) != popsize: % z/ H% }7 F" ^
# Apply crossover and mutation on the offspring 7 w3 m9 i+ p' _8 g* D$ [2 x: j9 W" F: I2 X# ^2 y
# Select two individuals . }' l; S& v8 d offspring = [random.choice(selectpop) for i in xrange(2)] $ X$ j6 j$ w, |( {0 }1 ~/ n 7 F; ]' Q+ ^7 u1 Y/ \5 L+ t if random.random() < CXPB: # cross two individuals with probability CXPB, b; o" r7 }! G* F
crossoff = self.crossoperate(offspring) , r* }* t/ k8 b! ^ fit_crossoff = evaluate(self.xydata, crossoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals 1 o& E, P; B& q( Z3 W5 x; ` ) R' s7 n& h T" Q5 j7 U( x* A if random.random() < MUTPB: # mutate an individual with probability MUTPB) J' o, v, v& G2 b6 d
muteoff = self.mutation(crossoff,self.bound)8 v1 q' N: i9 l& d8 C, d& D
fit_muteoff = evaluate(self.xydata, muteoff.data)# Evaluate the individuals$ `: P9 u9 F" G0 z6 I1 u& `
nextoff.append({'Gene':muteoff,'fitness':fit_muteoff})! ^" o c$ F* O, Q* H" p8 F5 Z$ {
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# The population is entirely replaced by the offspring : z* W) y, B. F0 k9 R self.pop = nextoff9 w2 I; F7 \2 L3 s' `/ l; I7 G$ P
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# Gather all the fitnesses in one list and print the stats - ^' }; T7 r7 @$ h fits = [ind['fitness'] for ind in self.pop] 2 Y3 Y k) k. m, N y+ ~8 m& F: e7 J# N* x+ b
length = len(self.pop) & f9 I% F. V* c3 _2 g- c6 x# e9 j1 G mean = sum(fits) / length ! I ^9 a; w l, b& z) M sum2 = sum(x*x for x in fits) 6 s& T7 a8 ^8 x1 g7 N8 R0 m std = abs(sum2 / length - mean**2)**0.5 0 y: Z, e. K! B* ` best_ind = self.selectBest(self.pop)& ^$ R. M& B" |2 W a. [2 A0 v
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if best_ind['fitness'] < self.bestindividual['fitness']: 9 k( h. s( u/ h2 r4 L% a self.bestindividual = best_ind - R$ }5 I. b6 C( p) n1 X9 T9 ?( g1 ~$ _, Z: c! [! s
print("Best individual found is %s, %s" % (self.bestindividual['Gene'].data,self.bestindividual['fitness'])) , n+ F/ j3 v" a( ? print(" Min fitness of current pop: %s" % min(fits)) / R, k# i9 {9 C print(" Max fitness of current pop: %s" % max(fits)) " Y; o* v# w! o" ?- h print(" Avg fitness of current pop: %s" % mean)" }3 y$ X, {; ^- ]$ H+ N, ^ L
print(" Std of currrent pop: %s" % std)3 w% r2 f& |# b8 S3 D
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print("-- End of (successful) evolution --") # |" N L( M2 K f
4 q' Q# Y$ E. B" Jif __name__ == "__main__": $ R3 n# ~& s' U4 y% ~, ~# G( p5 }% \: q2 g
CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize = 0.8, 0.3, 50, 100#control parameters' U2 L& ^: k) r
{) p' P e# U/ a6 S" [4 N; k up = [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64]#upper range for variables ) M* A0 c2 r& G2 A/ F' P low = [-64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64, -64]#lower range for variables . L3 C7 \ k/ v# ? parameter = [CXPB, MUTPB, NGEN, popsize, low, up] ; A! R' |4 W3 P# e4 v( D e! h, p+ e+ \
run = GA(parameter)1 d, E |: ^6 x* p7 U1 z* s m3 h
run.GA_main()" c; \ }5 C+ b: g5 F" Y
———————————————— & R( W+ P9 t9 @/ K0 ?/ H版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「bible_reader」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。' w$ a( N! I7 t, E
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bible_reader/article/details/72782675 & L! v, R. Q4 O, t; H7 u$ D) Z6 g/ L- E/ z) z# [# O, j% U! B
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