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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |正序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
3 X' C2 j1 P- [% Q0 E/* display the gray scale */ : \# T# Z7 g3 v$ A) i G
ht = getmaxy() / 16; ! u/ U8 g; o j; B7 o' R- x
xmax = getmaxx();
: k3 t L1 h) |& M w& M5 S/ X; ty = 0;
% t+ U1 Z' p; Rfor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { 9 h6 J/ Y1 N3 j6 ?2 v1 G5 I
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
$ F% l6 c' ~+ d6 sbar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); 1 J, g6 Y0 ^# L+ v0 i( K% F7 M
y += ht; 1 J7 G& R& C* J- M" R3 @* [3 D
} & `9 _$ V. w" I! f0 V
/* clean up */
; L4 @1 c4 M3 S" j) [! t% fgetch(); ! o- Q/ i7 y U( p& T7 P; M
closegraph();
. A8 k& v/ f* |return 0;
1 A5 f3 T0 n) q; K} ; F0 x, v2 w- H8 g

2 E H6 v$ }. m _3 f
, Y: c9 S" h/ O4 N) Q7 N9 M3 s7 W% K5 a/ b% }1 C
函数名: settextjustify 
3 B/ l+ n. l9 s3 l& ]; J6 {功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
6 t! B* M8 _ V用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); 9 k& C6 [1 { v; z+ l
程序例: 
& a9 L9 ]0 X' D) k% r) S5 o* [#include <GRAPHICS.H>" l: X9 H0 R$ p: y
#include <STDLIB.H>
4 W6 k/ [- n I H4 P9 P#include <STDIO.H>
% D9 a8 g! q% z0 ~#include <CONIO.H>2 r$ I" Z* U* @/ S
/* function prototype */
" P( o' g% l& O, B8 @% e4 [6 svoid xat(int x, int y); 
( c+ \% ^4 s- U/* horizontal text justification settings */
/ j! i! Y: o8 [1 a# ~char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
" k# ]; X8 s A"CENTER_TEXT",
( l( y" {- \. w& r9 h3 J"RIGHT_TEXT"
0 ^ c+ N, N3 Q; g" x5 w}; 
! W9 t6 U$ ?! @+ M6 F! Z/* vertical text justification settings */
+ H( B3 ^+ Z2 Z5 j" C8 schar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
" H- {5 l" E/ n1 x"CENTER_TEXT",
0 u5 s! Q# J8 q# \+ s$ v; h: Z"RIGHT_TEXT" 6 i4 W6 u! D( Y0 {3 c$ D
}; 
0 R3 @: i; w' l b( u6 Cint main(void) ' l8 R* ?1 Y! \) x& U3 I2 h
{
* ?/ j v% L- X, R+ i3 [$ O) p/* request auto detection */ ' W7 E) r8 o- l: m2 {5 F
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
- _" R! V1 Q- o5 ~2 L- Uint midx, midy, hj, vj; - g/ G6 }; j; K2 F, u9 k3 `
char msg[80]; , ]* W9 h w e6 I
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
0 g0 @% q# x/ ?3 \9 Zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
4 c r3 T; t( O: C/* read result of initialization */ & r1 z: m. }# N: j6 k
errorcode = graphresult(); ! L* z- V5 t# q1 Z* k9 q8 s
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ " C% N0 `0 p5 U$ {/ o+ a
{ " [6 V2 @ O8 I1 B
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); : T1 [1 ~- ?& w5 ?
printf("Press any key to halt:");
' _3 Y& X5 F4 t% ngetch(); ; \+ ?, @# R0 G' ?
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 6 _! v; Q8 H( g# B$ l
} 
9 X! m. m! f' P! T6 r3 Gmidx = getmaxx() / 2; ; T- p: d* |- M4 l& B' |4 L- ~+ h
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
7 F# q$ X! ^& t7 f. ]: T: k& x/* loop through text justifications */
2 x6 u/ a2 v9 @2 U- k% c* {5 vfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
# e# g4 P5 m% E" ^) h4 k0 u4 Dfor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
; K' p& e4 Y; T" Y9 e{ 0 h. ?' Z% s( H5 t1 X
cleardevice();
! v% `9 Z( K$ j) W/* set the text justification */ " e! f7 d" Q4 O7 m8 }8 j
settextjustify(hj, vj); 3 h1 W; D4 Z! {3 ?
/* create a message string */ 6 G) i4 j; F0 X, B
sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 
# x4 q: D! U3 M* @/* create cross hairs on the screen */
! n# w+ U! r: k6 Z8 o, Exat(midx, midy); 8 H. J# A7 L9 j% U
/* output the message */
: |& j( p g: Zouttextxy(midx, midy, msg);
; m1 V8 T; e, s+ g* P0 J. N% ~getch();
$ l, `9 A6 i' p5 k. h3 B& V1 W+ f} - f" Z1 m! z) j0 t6 ^% W$ d
/* clean up */ ; r5 p) \; Z+ P2 D& _, V+ U" _
closegraph(); & j9 Q. W9 O O1 |' T. T, z" y R
return 0;
, Z) D6 p9 G( _; `. G' X8 T0 \+ ]} 
; G" l' S9 T5 @% u$ c' A: T/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ - R3 B" _* j" {0 F$ u$ G
void xat(int x, int y) % a+ F) W. S _ i
{ 1 W3 l$ N& ~0 s: v, l3 }$ z1 t
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); 5 b U) G0 e8 m
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
' \3 V) y& A6 {$ J s' F, M} 
/ e0 r) I; i9 F0 _& ^- ]8 w1 A/ m9 l9 D0 A

4 _+ [! ~9 I; R) ^! K4 i! S' S函数名: settextstyle 
' I# [% K C; e1 N功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
 _( i% Y) ?6 ?/ `7 N2 s2 v& N0 q用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
3 H& \' b2 @, e4 d6 d% N6 h8 E程序例: 
8 i) {1 R- ~4 r* \#include <GRAPHICS.H>
8 n. U% U& |6 e3 R' l3 m#include <STDLIB.H>
$ U1 ?8 |2 @( D7 [#include <STDIO.H>" F8 C3 s3 A6 O3 d! u
#include <CONIO.H>. I+ h, i# b% k/ \" d4 K
/* the names of the text styles supported */
$ f0 o) }) B% B, |: r8 G8 n% jchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", ! m! q% L- }" G W
"TRIPLEX font", 2 Y+ {- f/ N1 C9 }
"SMALL font", 8 N) o# V9 L& [/ d5 S5 _
"SANS SERIF font",
9 u4 D2 H: f$ P" d* C9 O3 @* o/ i+ F"GOTHIC font"
* v* D& N* }; ~& S}; , j1 L! I* N, {" z! p5 n% r
int main(void) % w# E7 H0 ^& j
{ 0 G9 c6 W/ k& j! p, L3 s o
/* request auto detection */ 3 M9 u- f- q2 S# y e
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
 L$ y7 m( ?7 xint style, midx, midy;
6 [- _; g. E; D& e" I7 J( [4 f+ dint size = 1; * E" m4 Y$ Z: _( ?
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ * M# [4 R* Z1 O( ?1 _
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
$ b# M* f6 T: w% `% Q/* read result of initialization */ # o+ I% _6 m( l6 X
errorcode = graphresult(); - C7 D3 J7 d) ]& _- }, e, j
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
8 y6 K* J. m9 u( v{ 8 u5 [& ]( G+ R% n: V2 z
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
' G( a5 o3 Q4 [, i% G" Mprintf("Press any key to halt:");
 _" q" |8 t* rgetch();
- ]& [) ]4 w5 K/ ?* O- L; x) d) R7 `exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
% b2 ?5 ` `5 f" j- h} 
7 m e) S7 P8 z$ Wmidx = getmaxx() / 2; * J. {& i2 s( a( @. p
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 Q5 r2 g" M% b1 [+ s( o ?
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 1 d* z$ l: K4 b% w S% }4 N
/* loop through the available text styles */ 4 a% e8 V; k+ z9 V) a* W* [
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
2 u' u1 k% w, A( v, g8 n{ 7 Z$ n. b' o, [
cleardevice(); 5 u5 }: M1 l+ p
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
* V/ U2 I3 ^! T0 L* O9 ]size = 4; & D5 q! u( b$ E; N* L2 z
/* select the text style */ * k7 n$ W. v q" T& A8 o
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); % h3 I6 \9 L5 H, }& `3 b! j
/* output a message */ ! w [; E$ x$ H8 V0 q2 T6 ~1 R, ?" d
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
$ W" u3 O$ f8 W/ T5 U! l% E* tgetch(); # Q% N7 e" P3 Y9 k7 K* y9 ^' X
} 8 u1 P' m0 c8 b& B2 }
/* clean up */
: V) b& B1 W. e( gclosegraph(); 4 ?* r. x7 E9 h; x5 s' x, c% G
return 0;
/ Q& L* \6 O; N$ E/ x- J} % ~$ d( N" K3 Y1 o; k
3 P5 x" v2 R) I5 K: e4 k7 }5 t: ?1 F
# V1 Y/ t% E9 |, P- h
函数名: settextstyle & k! k2 i0 b1 k8 U
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
$ @( e; ^: U+ p" I( b6 P+ e0 ?( D用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
) ~9 r& ~4 J0 A1 b程序例: 9 K0 \: g0 i3 U2 R2 W$ U
#include <GRAPHICS.H>/ m. i: g" M: L( h- _7 ?
#include <STDLIB.H>
4 J* J9 G! z- v/ D E) L; p#include <STDIO.H>
# \6 h' Z8 k7 d1 w0 R8 W#include <CONIO.H>* V: C1 K2 P8 j
/* the names of the text styles supported */ ; y! c- T- E2 J8 s5 d( }( g
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", - [ c4 x9 x8 Z" V. V- R6 q
"TRIPLEX font",
" Y0 y; Y) o7 d5 s3 N M"SMALL font", / C9 w) o- F3 u- p# b
"SANS SERIF font",
, f6 f, C7 n4 `5 _"GOTHIC font" ' P& O1 B3 f! O/ w0 p0 j
}; c/ {) N& S: @1 _. G
int main(void) ; j0 f. k6 i Q- W5 I
{
7 l: H: J0 U. C- B& r9 T/* request auto detection */
; R" m3 U" u6 l* t! Yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
4 f! g2 A' N, M& B5 b" Gint style, midx, midy; 8 U+ [% e9 I- L. o6 s3 N+ l& g7 h2 d
int size = 1; 
* O$ I: M" J& T' I/ A; F3 y/* initialize graphics and local variables */
5 f6 n, ]5 }1 g, s; O6 Ninitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
, i% P z( G2 J3 e+ k1 U+ v/* read result of initialization */ 1 K: J) X3 i- C- E
errorcode = graphresult();
- r! j$ f2 B5 k) W* ~1 ^7 fif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
' \# R& k+ D( e7 H" {{
" p$ U6 i: u) l& zprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 C! X# g7 ~" F# E8 h+ C
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 b0 c. l3 x* L; L6 \( U4 ?1 Mgetch(); % Q W& S3 S U" i1 C" E
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ $ g- H5 Y, Y4 J! s6 J& @
} 
' h6 w9 A7 A9 e" e( lmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
6 o4 n$ C2 c2 H+ u% P% _$ C1 ^midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
, ^1 s/ m3 A& l5 {, ^settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); - _* u7 I8 ?, b3 \8 t3 L
/* loop through the available text styles */ D3 m) a# d! g$ s3 a, n3 H# ~" r
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) - j+ ~1 P I& @. m, |9 v
{
) F# o/ x/ G- B2 ^4 xcleardevice(); : [% a+ y, v( M0 M$ ^
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
: O! U: I$ V6 j9 F$ P" ]7 Bsize = 4; / d5 v2 G2 C; z0 Y1 K( m& ]4 k% z
/* select the text style */
% N- V, h$ w7 u& k% Q' \settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 7 p$ ?5 D( r! G
/* output a message */ " @7 Z3 j* Z8 P; H, }
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); ' ~7 i4 B0 f$ \+ \: C: H
getch(); % G. n; p1 g8 n3 ?$ }6 _
} 
! |9 ?8 d! j+ B- R0 L7 M/* clean up */
' q' W% Q" s0 d5 fclosegraph();
: Q0 r+ E( v+ y+ [; p1 preturn 0;
" I' ~8 @+ u' Y8 p) G( \} 9 A u& m. P' i& ?2 ?9 [, _$ ]1 x

6 G& @2 O+ [/ Q i. n) e- _: u3 ?- i" C3 E# L& i+ r- w
函数名: settime 
- u9 [+ p* ^" ^1 x! V& n功能: 设置系统时间 , q: G s5 k9 T; e$ o% m4 [- a
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); - s& Y6 z0 }7 f" M; j5 s1 l$ F
程序例: ; X% c q7 h+ ^/ f+ n6 L! Y8 b
#include <STDIO.H>
% s9 v g9 M# S! P# ~4 z1 I( e#include <DOS.H>, i! ~' N2 k0 D; j
int main(void)
) Q+ M& f! L4 y9 B; `' r. h& i{ 5 X' b. s7 L; R! q
struct time t; 5 }: U. P: D2 z9 w, Q$ n
gettime(&t);
/ Y; W% r# n/ {% L1 G" O. L' Aprintf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); ( ^0 A" O m) a+ _
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
- y+ o; w/ M( a. @5 P4 y1 ]$ k9 kprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); ! @4 C( K, w, g( M( r
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
3 }' ?6 @5 |9 n0 d- `# _! Z/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
* `7 o" `0 j- Tt.ti_min++; $ A. N: e2 L0 | M
settime(&t); 
. V( S4 V: y3 O' V8 Breturn 0;
5 @. t J; R+ b9 v} 6 U' L; Y. }' a+ Q4 q* ~; D

) Q5 ^% C& {% ?3 P( Y% P
8 R, z! M3 b. U$ |. C; D. R- H函数名: setusercharsize % T8 g! D, _+ e" m% g# b8 {! B6 }. Y2 K
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
" Q. g" o$ j" t8 Z# v7 h. M: f$ H用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
" w1 n$ J& R! n9 a3 p程序例: 5 R$ G. X3 ~$ t5 x) ]$ d8 v' t
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
! U2 F* E7 x( e#include <STDLIB.H>
( i5 h* F+ S7 L3 I; c1 N; ^7 Q#include <STDIO.H>
; u7 H. W# l: }( J. V#include <CONIO.H>6 K7 Q$ S( ~+ M1 O3 O
int main(void) # a8 Q& ~6 v- B) k
{ 0 V e* E8 j4 I9 G. N4 S" C+ x- f
/* request autodetection */ , H3 C% u2 ^, y: I& B. `- B
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
2 Y3 S J( H) G ^! X8 X/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 g! ~$ R3 d) F: o2 u V
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); : ^. }- B! m6 B3 q; q* V
/* read result of initialization */
: T, M% d' q3 D% A$ B, M9 |; f& F' merrorcode = graphresult(); % o4 R6 @ @' C) X* p. l
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
, T. Q- B3 X- _# |$ C+ e{
$ ^ u; @! q) F8 Z" l8 x* Pprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); " \; u8 {4 D/ _
printf("Press any key to halt:");
; K0 \; H2 ^+ _7 j2 Wgetch();
4 V' h4 _5 @: H. Iexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ : M: Z' v) Y5 Q8 D1 f! o# o
} 
! N8 T# B+ r9 n% K# _/* select a text style */ 9 ]4 v1 y' e' ?; [
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
8 C1 ]+ E( u, D3 w( ^! p/* move to the text starting position */ 7 J' x$ x' \/ t5 ~
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); $ _3 q% t5 o/ Z( E2 C" J$ q
/* output some normal text */
3 G+ }+ ^. u! _# I2 q; douttext("Norm "); % {4 \, J" y1 G Q. v3 A
/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
0 i$ n- V0 D# Asetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
- u* H* B; U2 t& P& {# D8 g/ qouttext("Short "); ' N, K. C9 M( }1 M; I
/* make the text 3 times normal width */
! j( _) z0 `2 jsetusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); 1 o; e1 Q7 i. J& [
outtext("Wide"); 
' S& T8 F5 \/ [6 Q( L2 A1 \/* clean up */
. g! b) g% Q! G3 L- Lgetch(); / r$ s0 O7 U+ |3 x
closegraph();
- _* t+ ~2 h9 e @! }1 s% `% [return 0;
# q0 i; g( R5 h( o# A} 
 B+ l: u) r, F8 n
% Y0 y8 v! t/ t9 N5 I函数名: setvbuf 
7 T! B+ h c- R# j* K) }) T, }' _功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
! p) ?. @ ~: P8 ?. Q% o- D用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); 7 C! i! z" g! q; I" k" u
程序例: 
 p/ ^- L5 S8 h3 d( g$ p' _#include <STDIO.H>+ i) p6 Y5 f- @0 z& ?3 I
int main(void) ) g# k0 w0 g5 m; e* L
{ . G! |: U, @4 f ?2 E
FILE *input, *output; 1 l1 d; J# |3 O* c/ w
char bufr[512]; ; p) K; \8 X9 F" n
input = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
* t W4 |" A) H s; j$ Routput = fopen("file.out", "w"); ! R" W2 J d# Z) n2 z2 e
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
: f& G7 k7 {9 o( E1 cusing our own character buffer */
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
( f. d, F C: _" w1 Tprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
5 w& f! n: |- _0 L2 P. ^+ l ^else 3 F& J3 V4 b) h' v7 \' _* J
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
. ? o+ L" g3 u3 ]( K4 D/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that ! O: F/ @5 ]# {( B0 _+ w3 p' E0 Z. u
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ 2 d! }/ f2 F( _& v# b2 |3 ^% y2 k
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) 2 t0 z( ~+ z3 G6 }! W2 I. p
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); + Y* ?% v5 z6 P" ?: p7 s% J G, D
else 5 c) Y8 J. ~4 O; w; m4 ]2 V% J
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
; A( U- C- _ N8 G, P/* perform file I/O here */ 6 Y' P- C; I# |9 L& i3 W2 k
/* close files */
7 C6 N1 W! P3 ?( a- xfclose(input); 7 o* c, T* c2 \" C2 n; W% c5 Y. U
fclose(output); $ o# x5 B5 v7 c/ D
return 0;
9 G! Q( l3 S3 F9 S6 d& e} , N, q% Z% o/ N2 d* @# c
' J5 [6 T7 i* V l2 B0 I
+ `* K& {) B3 r1 p5 _# P5 x

' V# k8 u7 H! M& j0 y函数名: setvect - P6 c* d- x! f3 C, L$ x
功能: 设置中断矢量入口
: ]5 P7 ]: M) G* E用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
! U- G& ] M2 \. R7 D程序例: + ~+ t( U+ ?4 H- f( H. O- \
/***NOTE: ! `) T4 u/ K& W& Q, f. Y0 u5 a# W
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this 8 G p& ~ v0 L* f! \$ S1 z
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
4 l/ M$ ~: d4 Q G9 C C' Pfile which will operate correctly. */ & j* I, ^8 M0 l) w
#include <STDIO.H>
3 H; D7 t! L8 B+ ]4 ^0 L#include <DOS.H>7 l B& |7 |. K1 G% d
#include <CONIO.H>
% B: U0 t$ T. M+ ~" d' N+ F#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ , Q3 F5 r3 g0 \/ J* q, K5 ^5 @
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
& w" E( u4 `# d: C7 Xint count=0; 
8 a' Z0 c6 G8 Z6 X1 }! R& @2 Gvoid interrupt handler(void)
/ }0 ]$ K* l: k3 _; {) g{ ' i/ k; i0 q( J9 C# \
/* increase the global counter */ c# P; B" V2 ]
count++; ; Z% b( K6 C" y, w( w
/* call the old routine */
0 p+ k* F2 h' d) w7 y, m: Foldhandler(); 8 ]6 V8 f" [4 S2 y, Z
} 
+ ]5 _ T9 G5 j3 b2 Bint main(void)
9 M; L, w. h8 ^* `7 P5 z+ H& [{ & y1 U+ ~0 S* b; _! X
/* save the old interrupt vector */
) x e* I5 f" M' ~( o* _" toldhandler = getvect(INTR); 
8 }& X) i! I# j) z+ V/* install the new interrupt handler */
- ]8 v, ? g: Q' d# x {! A1 ssetvect(INTR, handler); % R% f0 I, k* m1 c t# B( N* q
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ 5 i' S3 d0 D, q$ b
while (count < 20) 3 K/ G% W, I% X4 c
printf("count is %d\n",count); 
& j5 x, _3 u6 d! ^9 m/ L {4 @/* reset the old interrupt handler */
4 n7 z7 S6 j' x. R2 d; msetvect(INTR, oldhandler); 4 m" k9 c4 i! Y3 D; U. W
return 0;
5 _5 f. p& U, f+ A}
" G4 ?/ I& @4 ~" k4 ]' O
; B! E0 w( A! N( \ {1 e. v8 C( ^ d
函数名: setverify * F: ]+ C5 A* E
功能: 设置验证状态 ) r0 ~8 Q1 B' X" e" }! L* N- }6 |5 c
用法: void setverify(int value);
( ^8 l& y8 y) e6 a9 p2 a; f+ ^程序例: 6 n/ B( h9 E2 h8 i$ x, a: n
#include <STDIO.H>( P# Q( U6 I7 N/ x1 r. H4 R
#include <CONIO.H>
2 ^/ h3 M9 {7 k a4 j#include <DOS.H>+ ^ R) t2 l! k0 f* W
int main(void) : a* x S' o; s; T( t8 e
{
6 N' z m3 X j2 G2 sint verify_flag; . G: {) D% U: T4 r- Z
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
& N B) K: E" n" o; {: ?5 Nprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); x# c) y0 Y: i" |
verify_flag = getch() - 0; 
9 p4 r5 J6 w x6 d7 N! h" jsetverify(verify_flag); 
; e7 q4 R" h. e1 h& mif (getverify()) ' z% S- E5 o; T, q$ e. o
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
- ]) E" I) }4 nelse
# J7 a( X5 E; f" v: h" \$ `- |. B9 dprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
8 g/ g+ q/ R. k, Ireturn 0; 4 r' K5 j: y, N- E4 q5 B5 E
}
' {% j4 N1 O u; J# L+ i4 l( Q) Z | R) M1 k
( @- I7 c" {- W& W. e W
函数名: setviewport & }4 H5 S$ e5 J
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 ( j4 V8 u' i# ?/ n
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right, , A# d( |( W m' Q
int bottom, int clipflag); 1 ~8 l! v: N6 C8 o. u# n3 |1 U$ C
程序例: 7 l- ^! Z/ j$ e0 k+ }: J8 ~
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
2 G/ b' T0 }0 s) g5 M" n& Y$ d#include <STDLIB.H>% o9 Z. c" ~& O; Q* F
#include <STDIO.H>' ?; I1 g; S; a
#include <CONIO.H>
 h0 C" H& ?7 I6 Y8 v$ ]$ A#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 2 C& N; E* H8 [7 r8 l
int main(void) + B7 Z0 H9 d' ~6 B2 P& q5 }& F
{
. K' s) g9 M. m5 F0 F/* request auto detection */ # U- y2 W. z+ S Z: n0 B2 r
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ) C, ^1 N5 L( d/ Z' X1 j0 @6 _8 e3 r
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: o+ k# H( z6 B4 {7 D5 I& s: d4 Qinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
. Y& s+ c( m. S- Q2 j) f# [/* read result of initialization */
/ Q7 Z, y2 s0 x; c) uerrorcode = graphresult();
% j0 o3 L" C4 wif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 7 n P5 L3 [8 a O: M
{
3 V) [! Q8 C0 ~: G! Lprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
# M4 W# y) V! X6 Q P! Dprintf("Press any key to halt:");
! R) K5 Q7 a0 w+ T, ^5 U2 W# Lgetch();
9 V& k+ P" q# x1 V5 T5 Iexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! C8 \. w" |' W( n/ F} $ p/ Z5 f7 m6 F- ^2 L- L
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
" r+ [7 w- y2 D9 A0 l/* message in default full-screen viewport */ 3 T. b6 ]3 ~+ g9 x6 Q5 g8 C
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 5 ?7 X: _# E! A
/* create a smaller viewport */
. z" t( ~( |8 A; y) O1 f: Y2 \setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
& k# E7 |8 p% h3 d/* display some text */
. p' {' ?9 r9 x$ l. Zouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 
2 b6 S. h2 C' m; x ^4 x6 w/* clean up */ # T+ n9 X& F2 u& i. r( N4 v
getch(); # b1 R; f" `4 @# i3 c; L; _( m
closegraph();
( u9 {6 S6 O' w6 }, i9 ]return 0;
! P$ j3 v. B" D0 x0 N# q! a1 h} 5 }2 }* ]2 V& V# y. Q

- A& f4 C; w8 P$ Z$ J
0 d, @$ w- a& x/ S函数名: setvisualpage 
. l, u; a* n6 U功能: 设置可见图形页号
# H0 r; o9 v0 i8 j! ~. ?用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
% |8 y' w5 a& y/ Z4 B7 q2 p程序例: 9 m j% u& u! U$ Q$ _2 Q4 P
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
& @" e0 K- U+ H& I7 f/ y3 D. Z#include <STDLIB.H>1 A* Y; l% t6 g* h- M4 m+ @7 p" y
#include <STDIO.H>
) Z. Y- w& y) U! i" g9 I8 D$ X#include <CONIO.H>
9 U! r8 A5 p" eint main(void)
# y0 B, Z% ?! g* G7 |/ k{ ' g# V8 B- A1 z9 p# v ?5 H: l
/* select a driver and mode that supports */ 3 ` e/ g1 z' P* w) F
/* multiple pages. */
/ |3 k1 o" z. W3 N( w5 R9 g p" Rint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
1 g6 _, P4 y' c: O4 Z8 Mint x, y, ht; 
* ^0 ?3 ?3 U Y' [( R7 J% R0 b/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 2 _ L. l' [8 N# }& T% @
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ( F" \; v* Y2 d% K ^+ ]6 y- K6 \' {
/* read result of initialization */
6 |6 c6 f: b$ @errorcode = graphresult(); $ G3 ~; V! u+ h4 a% }
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
1 V" ~# G, v+ ]- `{
; w* r, r* N5 Z1 [printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. m0 x b' b3 J k W; k' Y6 Eprintf("Press any key to halt:");
. w3 ~3 W# a! ]- Q1 n8 rgetch();
, \5 E& ^$ n. q. Z8 B6 K5 cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 7 V0 u7 l: B" v. f$ d# j
} 
' l& H' U# G, Fx = getmaxx() / 2;
. |- c7 D) o2 C. j6 s; iy = getmaxy() / 2; : l! L6 ]& z; ~6 @/ G) l
ht = textheight("W"); 
/ B# o1 O0 P) P; e# `0 Y' ? [/* select the off screen page for drawing */ 0 N6 V5 A: \4 h: q4 E% ~
setactivepage(1); 3 Z9 G3 K$ _, ^8 ^
/* draw a line on page #1 */
+ S' S7 I4 B% t+ k4 D& dline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
0 q7 s7 ?0 w k: y2 N7 M/* output a message on page #1 */ ' i& X) @5 E7 m: h5 w' B2 W
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 5 O; a& C' X& E5 B3 E8 v
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
 N! C* y( w/ |6 W! M' ~outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 3 K! S& _' H* P; G2 f7 B
/* select drawing to page #0 */
0 Z! }' ]/ \5 Y2 L" Y2 W9 msetactivepage(0); 5 m: X1 W1 i) V% {; Y
/* output a message on page #0 */ 1 b& @" a1 [) }, \; q; g7 ~
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
: H6 q( p F+ n' C0 R# ~: Vouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); i6 G( [* ]! P7 m8 s/ a
getch(); 5 t8 i& }% I+ n) D5 O# _
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
- J# {4 e4 e8 R% U1 b9 n8 ysetvisualpage(1); 
7 g: ^, c$ Z9 s/ C H$ O/ \/* clean up */ 1 }' x, z/ u2 N* X2 a& }, ]
getch();
0 ?1 a6 h8 W! X* cclosegraph(); 6 e8 @7 g6 V' s5 ?
return 0; 2 g6 c) H- l/ b
} ' ^% e. g& x% Z6 @9 y
3 N2 L$ l) B2 U. n( r5 V
4 n3 U* t+ A, T2 U3 @. a
函数名: setwritemode 
, Y5 ^; E9 I9 \功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 ! T9 ~- @/ f9 a0 ]$ x! M8 b
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
* v5 G; m. U9 Y O8 k程序例: ' [. S @. x2 i# O
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
6 G" q) G# R1 P9 x5 }#include <STDLIB.H>
! M2 N. o# }& E" l8 z7 V#include <STDIO.H>6 _! X/ C) K! [8 p
#include <CONIO.H>4 I& G# J3 V4 }. I6 O' E' H
int main() + W8 g; q! M; c& y: ]0 E
{ * Q) P% }; R: z% [' Y- ~+ }( i
/* request auto detection */
( y1 g1 j: w9 ]$ \3 X. k# G. {int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
4 u b" D$ R4 Cint xmax, ymax; 
3 U7 V- F' P: O8 `, p" J/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , {; {+ i+ n. u) d9 }( {- u" j3 q+ v
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); - f4 V! G% ~/ J/ o o$ m" q$ D
/* read result of initialization */ & B$ q& F* w* p) q, j
errorcode = graphresult(); $ Z, y7 b4 Z) M- P& V
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 3 K# h0 h" o4 \2 p, v; i8 H' C1 K
{
. A5 N' X8 H0 n& V7 k- e1 @printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
# h% ?2 O' c/ Z$ ?" v% }printf("Press any key to halt:");
: A8 H3 L% Z) h8 k' dgetch(); . L- a. W; s6 D
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % A/ |4 S" c" M2 i& l
} 
0 X0 [3 ~4 `2 I# r- Lxmax = getmaxx(); 9 Z: t2 C. N7 _6 R: t* h0 m
ymax = getmaxy(); 
+ F# x% u5 Z9 |4 x0 {/* select XOR drawing mode */
, b+ j) |" I: qsetwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
# C1 A( Q, ^2 V( R! y$ |; E" P/* draw a line */ & Q6 x; C( q1 Q8 J& a4 H
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
: w! J0 w' J+ G9 n' s# i# agetch(); 
2 o# Q. M0 _' b! E ^/* erase the line by drawing over it */ I; p, s- ^: Z4 i- v
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
/ ~/ s7 J2 T8 Qgetch(); 0 e! ~4 s. q' w! b/ ~
/* select overwrite drawing mode */ 3 Y& Q" [ q, X
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); # q% r1 \' f0 w- O3 _
/* draw a line */ 3 l9 j, p- K) K, i' f
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); : D- }0 v1 H; u6 A r* s5 a
/* clean up */ 0 i8 }% }- D3 L) t( | _5 e u
getch();
: U: ~* s+ s' ]& n2 H! zclosegraph(); 4 }: ?/ O' ^# O1 M7 O$ F
return 0;
' L1 e+ M* ~6 A" _; N" G) Z}
# A% V# }$ s- J& ~- v& @% O
3 n" d# d4 X0 x; h1 V$ a, u* S& k+ z: u' ?6 }
函数名: signal
* p3 B3 k; X E! L2 ^1 l功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 / f. h5 j& |: R" E+ q6 M
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
* M1 d9 U! ?% E C程序例: 5 o# n+ O' c, I
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
2 W2 V: f: _ l1 z: [/ r+ ^catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment ( I9 g6 K& v7 r- F" J* u5 `
to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
$ e4 B, L8 x1 ~3 i& o8 iyour computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors $ W F; `4 e8 P) o2 B
depending on which memory model is used. $ Q1 z2 {: q' @5 M1 J
*/ 2 z3 I$ @6 |+ M% T/ Y9 Z
#pragma inline
1 E. h5 x( }/ x$ w+ v#include <STDIO.H>& P Q. H5 \- i- U
#include <SIGNAL.H># o+ P8 g' W& Y$ ?; L1 |
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
8 x! _# h1 D! I) j{ ) @! \3 r6 j2 P& o- j' i- d
printf("Caught it!\n");
( ^; G5 p \6 ^* a: n: W5 V*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
, ] H) J2 h% t} 
. C, N2 _) L0 ^5 Vint main(void) $ C1 m, f! W- t9 V% j" [
{
* t0 k- `, `, `& X& [signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); 4 @* i% [/ I t, E
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ # P: t+ d! g# s" l% o
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
+ x7 m$ V# f( H H4 Rasm into /* activate handler */ 
) |; H& W* f! O5 ^7 y, C/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
1 o+ H. d. }7 M9 T( o+ tthere would have been another exception when the next 'into' 0 ~+ v6 K8 @4 {% h# ?+ ^. K
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ 5 ^& X- o" I ?0 J' \" [/ z. {
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
4 w4 q$ X7 Z5 N5 i8 d( Kasm into /* doesn't activate */
& O" d( Z9 n5 K- T* R9 y5 Kreturn 0;
6 U/ z4 B; _6 f5 A. w7 X3 d} / h6 q a1 {! F5 Q" }* ?8 Q7 Z ^

) A+ g6 V: s8 t0 D/ m3 I, c) z: c0 Z" G1 o# ?& ]
9 ^; ^" y: ^! j( }. b$ K. _+ T
函数名: sin ) m( [) {7 s8 k w! A1 P
功能: 正弦函数
7 L$ J) k% c3 g$ U& B/ I( X用法: double sin(double x); : h' x3 ?' P9 S4 b$ k
程序例: ( ^, d4 {6 o ?3 Q, [
#include <STDIO.H>
8 F) Y, A! e) g4 n" k' v5 @#include <MATH.H>
3 E; K& a# \* {int main(void)
& e8 Y) E6 D& _% h{ + k6 k+ k( s7 t0 O: p2 N
double result, x = 0.5; 
- O8 a$ D% V1 b2 f% Vresult = sin(x); " ?( {/ c; p- c& O6 Z, e1 O9 o
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); ' y; O5 O+ w' A, s0 ~' z7 n
return 0; * q7 [, O- M& R: Q# [
} ( P* W3 F; A: k: A$ r; J

( a, x% {- x9 K" Y" b( k+ Z! b* K/ X2 d3 H3 a+ y( j& a
函数名: sinh 
3 ^- z& s- X) e1 ^# G- w% A3 @功能: 双曲正弦函数 Z$ f0 Y7 @; X& j3 L' w
用法: double sinh(double x); # n- q1 n. T% @1 p
程序例: 
& o" i2 q8 X6 D#include <STDIO.H>
5 K6 x2 D: d7 ?: Y#include <MATH.H>
! P- G: ]+ c% N( T- n' S4 R, Jint main(void) 0 W9 |" O2 E# z; q- N
{ / F& H- u8 U: A- K4 v3 N6 k# N
double result, x = 0.5; . @2 `, _% v4 h) S. [5 [3 ^
result = sinh(x); 3 I( y# G2 i5 T
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
7 u1 }2 c0 \' m+ L& ~return 0;
/ H6 p. ~" M3 `- Y! [} x6 g# U1 y' @, E& b7 ^: a& J2 |
5 K) d3 R. E V- v, j+ u
 L% F, ]/ [+ a6 L2 N
4 T X8 q# ]3 [3 c. y2 Y0 v& A: p
函数名: sleep % C. @9 D* H$ Z$ ~2 u
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 & B6 \& N2 B! V9 U6 r
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); ( z. A9 _- O5 A2 s/ N1 d
程序例: + h! b' P" ^) D( G7 u3 i8 ~
#include <DOS.H>
3 [9 m s) p% A) h#include <STDIO.H>1 ] W O& S% b; N
int main(void)
0 M1 G- x& ~2 k I9 P{
: B$ o {. j9 z6 p& Y! o6 eint i; 
- L1 q2 w2 G$ w- V7 a- \for (i=1; i<5; i++) ( i) Q4 _- D4 X$ B
{ 1 ~, `" {% e, `; C# j. N! ^) |/ P
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i);
+ {1 ]5 i6 a3 M6 `8 s7 ?sleep(i); 9 _' q% N7 ^3 B Y/ T
}
) k4 O" w' ~+ y5 I9 ]" sreturn 0; 0 A, S$ T- W. c' R2 A, V! Z
}
* k5 R( a5 g8 g3 J( c, I* ]1 i6 t1 t0 k1 ]% O0 i2 V" T# ?
& _7 c7 [$ m1 w) F4 R, O2 M" B
2 ]/ s( O# W; G, S2 `
函数名: sopen 
) u3 x( q8 u/ i0 c功能: 打开一共享文件 . I/ C% H7 p( K2 R, R# _0 m6 j! ~
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); {. g8 g, U4 ` R7 u7 V' h
程序例: + H; L- K& n7 l8 N A
#include <IO.H>: ?1 f' f# y* z% q* o* r4 f6 X
#include <FCNTL.H>
0 K- ]- x K( W) u/ f6 U#include <SYS\STAT.H>
7 M; E2 [+ _9 l% r% y#include <PROCESS.H>
! i6 g+ C$ d. R; j9 I& x$ p1 A#include <SHARE.H> Y3 d/ Y5 d6 m; ]6 W; C+ b
#include <STDIO.H>2 ]2 ^- X1 c# ~3 P
int main(void) " e* c$ C0 w* d, W. B
{
" z+ s$ A/ v2 i) Y5 ?2 l4 l% sint handle;
6 T! J) g! q! U1 F8 i1 j6 E, aint status; 3 |# P# n# ~9 w, k* }! h/ t
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); . b- q% j8 o/ v8 f" J
if (!handle)
' \0 a+ I0 z/ K, y# o* A4 i{ + i4 P$ W. K$ j' j9 r" ]
printf("sopen failed\n"); - ~5 E/ U e$ a9 s$ P' r
exit(1); + v& U0 `- p+ O n6 U
} 
, E$ L$ I1 Z8 tstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
0 M* B4 j& r8 l- B4 p" O+ M2 f4 pif (status == 0) . Q$ [/ [1 e7 H) ?: p7 d
printf("read/write access allowed\n");
" i, y5 b, W( o! y d2 Jelse
, s2 s9 f" b+ X% L$ b1 B! tprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
) l9 X y" @( pclose(handle); ( T6 a$ f A. a+ _) @. V
return 0;
. v$ K, o$ V9 E} / `2 b9 X# r* X. c

: Z+ i# m+ i7 n
+ ]7 C) g* Z1 k1 k3 l! V/ ]7 Y. t3 D9 T! W7 E
函数名: sound 4 F# s& W. @' P, d3 V
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
: H' N+ W6 z6 C/ |& n6 t用法: void sound(unsigned frequency); ; m6 [: N1 {9 N. |$ S/ {' d2 e
程序例: * k* u+ A* `! j5 L/ W
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
4 h7 t5 c9 z$ e' }0 xYour PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ * [1 [' Z; A% p# L( d# a
#include <DOS.H>
# k- o; r, ?1 ^int main(void)
! H, @- _' I% F; I0 ]{ 7 H4 p' E% A! J& S, C5 [) K
sound(7); $ b, \& n8 w. a
delay(10000);
- T( T; f6 ]) c t; e; Knosound(); 4 o- ^- F( N7 S
return 0; ' V9 e. A2 Y% q7 x& G3 G
} 
0 j+ l1 G9 b( ^/ B/ p# F0 \+ B# u* A* a+ v7 Z

. s/ o5 A' G9 j4 p, c: C4 s
' U% Y! A) J$ t Y8 { D U2 l" U函数名: spawnl 
) J8 T$ Y Y7 T$ Z功能: 创建并运行子程序 6 z; F4 E5 A8 @
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 2 L- Y& c& j" ~! |3 r
arg1, ... argn, NULL); 4 v* A4 N5 E# }. D; `& L L
程序例: * [, W' q. \" o: o2 @% n
#include <PROCESS.H>) W M* x6 e: s: B
#include <STDIO.H>
3 F; H& u/ |8 R) {5 ?8 S0 B#include <CONIO.H>
% k: i% G. T( Y9 j( Y/ fint main(void) * v& P2 K6 @& n4 A9 M
{ X, g/ Z& M( Z! {0 Y/ I1 w2 E
int result; 
8 c6 L8 w+ g/ X& Wclrscr();
$ l( H' g9 x0 dresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); ; k( h4 H) E) F: Z- t
if (result == -1)
! Y# A6 [6 n$ r$ a{ : D4 k/ y# W( \7 E; n; D( l
perror("Error from spawnl");
. S1 j& v h) V* I) F) b; Mexit(1);
5 Y7 S" R8 A2 x; o; D9 Y. F}
- l' l( x# n( O: x; y9 H9 c2 h' breturn 0; * V& `/ E+ i9 C; {% \1 B" l
}
6 ?) b' M6 F4 G. I' k# E+ d* k" i( J0 }+ J
' K7 c% a) O. Y1 Z% p1 J- M/ m
函数名: spawnle 
; Y! |/ l6 p8 \- t! a5 k3 G& V5 j( _功能: 创建并运行子程序 # G' J- j) O5 G/ |* \ r/ V
用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 8 J: G0 k; n+ a/ l; y
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
6 L7 _4 J+ `' ]程序例: 3 h9 T* d0 k6 D ~
/* spawnle() example */ . y9 |4 d% Y9 K* W8 N+ l7 `: P6 V3 z
#include <PROCESS.H>& L+ W- j. q; m1 @7 M) E" E7 K
#include <STDIO.H>) k9 b3 `% h! T
#include <CONIO.H># J/ l6 B& C. N% M$ D
int main(void) . J0 ?+ d1 `& R7 U# i
{ ( z# D" g4 P/ y. T) B0 Q
int result; 
0 P+ g m1 ^" M( o# N: Cclrscr(); + ]# R4 }+ R# J- u, m% i
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); . v( _: o* V: v& o/ U7 T& Y! g
if (result == -1) , I& P+ _( h4 h( T7 r9 h$ F! h
{
: T5 Z% h. y! M' x" `7 G3 q: f& A# Sperror("Error from spawnle");
7 J2 i$ S2 L/ o; ~9 h$ V. S4 f: aexit(1);
, C9 G) V7 V8 W} ) l9 P& U6 T3 ?2 A5 M x4 W4 b
return 0;
% ~9 p/ p* | ?# ?4 K} ' T. p0 [8 c2 R6 D

6 E$ S6 E9 V$ I
8 [0 }; G" s+ @! q0 G! ?, p9 {5 @. u
函数名: sprintf $ o7 T1 j, M4 r0 g
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中
& }( J+ G! d3 m用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]);
' X/ G" s6 a' _程序例: 
! H7 P$ M. K' ~8 A0 {! Z7 ?8 Q#include <STDIO.H>
/ {+ k. v I: S#include <MATH.H>
' ?- w- A* g, oint main(void)
9 S5 N0 g3 n# R1 p! v* A) Z9 x{ % y; W- E, d2 f) I
char buffer[80]; 7 U# g6 B/ ^" w: G* ~
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI); ; f7 i: m" `4 J( U
puts(buffer);
4 t& H p& m1 {/ b) f1 }3 ~1 y: Dreturn 0; 9 \3 c) u, O0 n( j3 {$ ?" ?
} 6 h: f; u5 o/ O5 ]! A; A, J. u
) g( E; s1 q6 g5 G S
2 C+ y: N5 x1 k5 _5 \
函数名: sqrt 9 ~' ^% I9 l0 p5 d. k
功能: 计算平方根 ' g A- s6 w% Y0 [ s6 v% n4 g; @! P, T
用法: double sqrt(double x); ; W+ N8 o7 A( z3 u% i" {6 |. l( S* y
程序例: " W' b4 m# l( x. i+ E
#include <MATH.H>4 @- d% N: O% D* Z
#include <STDIO.H>$ \) C4 b5 d6 R# y- @
int main(void)
& x$ f' |4 U6 c( A) G1 G! o* J{ 0 H1 r) g. ~3 a" N5 W/ R
double x = 4.0, result; 3 e7 {2 K" O) u8 U. u
result = sqrt(x);
+ J2 M6 u$ `) G D/ h- fprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 8 d( a- V. b$ R, T# |# m- g/ m& L# s
return 0;
5 a6 W7 W. c/ ], M. b7 d- P0 d* K$ Y3 H}
3 K& K0 L% O2 M. R! D0 r/ w3 m5 T9 j O& x6 D
函数名: srand 
1 B O5 c. Y" s# e3 M; A R6 y, d功能: 初始化随机数发生器
5 A7 Z, q$ o4 q. ~9 W用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
9 W& H% r9 M: k+ j程序例: / m; k! {' Z5 V( V( ~8 f
#include <STDLIB.H>. }1 Y \! P8 B. C1 m4 ~( k% i* R1 b
#include <STDIO.H>% g; ] _) Z$ |2 X, W
#include <TIME.H>! q6 W0 d8 Q5 a# g- \
int main(void) , S" |0 n- g" r+ C
{
4 e) n7 @4 `& }9 M6 C- R. ^int i; - H1 K3 Q, I/ c
time_t t; 
" R3 U# q8 O5 a/ D8 U* Ssrand((unsigned) time(&t)); 6 V2 q# f2 e9 ^; {
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); ' W3 c9 y1 ?( ]+ q1 _
for(i=0; i<10; i++) $ n4 o* x) ^* j
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); & w v1 z" H' W$ b" u; t4 u
return 0;
7 K% A) F8 N0 L5 w; l5 N} 3 t+ k) r* o5 v q/ Y' X+ ]

% ?/ P, D2 @+ o3 U" \ r, Z' _+ s: B! }% T7 n( L- E
函数名: sscanf 
% I5 B: D! t* L1 v功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
' Q0 c, B. ^3 h7 v3 F# |6 j+ u用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
4 R& b: X7 d9 L z7 F4 |程序例: 
, _- u- p/ x& ~- I#include <STDIO.H>
6 \# J, K* }/ @7 I7 A#include <CONIO.H>: a( z% Z2 d% Z9 P( C
int main(void)
7 x4 O0 _3 H# @6 J' |! ?{ % x- a( o. z* {/ k# X2 Z. C3 I
char label[20];
& X" Y' W' T9 }. B1 cchar name[20]; ! C! h' X- m2 N( S" E
int entries = 0;
& T! z! U3 ]' i( }. dint loop, age;
* j. I' [5 a% k% Q5 s! mdouble salary; 
. k4 U3 Y0 x! C4 a6 J5 Zstruct Entry_struct ) L- ~& I7 I' B8 }- Z7 }1 K
{ ' G* {- E/ f7 `; f/ d2 C9 | m' c+ i6 J
char name[20];
8 w5 q! [$ d- aint age;
5 J+ x: l1 K" ^1 E: `: z6 {3 Xfloat salary; 5 v. z. C# R2 l7 V
} entry[20]; 
7 B! W! o) l% [/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ 9 k. v, J7 x1 l
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); + @7 Y" h* N8 N
scanf("%20s", label);
: Q) k, Y% h) Q* Tfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ , b1 J3 N6 ?5 w" z" L
/* Input number of entries as an integer */ + `& O2 C: t1 G" O; f* F
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); 6 {/ n# S1 C& _3 Y1 w1 _: F" N
scanf("%d", &entries); 9 n# R5 X9 [/ X# |+ H! k
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ % c1 e* t7 l1 L) _6 s4 C
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
 L0 e& Q8 ?" H0 \) g4 tfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) 8 ~9 @/ u' Y7 W- ` F- H; {
{ & Q" j. S' i+ H; r0 z5 Y8 g
printf("Entry %d\n", loop); 5 i" b$ S; k, `# V
printf(" Name : ");
- ~8 `/ _9 z _scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
" `, [2 ?# i6 P0 w# Kfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
: m" v, K5 @7 r8 f/* input an age as an integer */
) w1 L: `6 G! l/ d& N1 V4 f0 u& Dprintf(" Age : "); & V* z9 ~3 j: n6 _5 ^ `2 t" Z
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); 3 e! T* e# Q! \$ J
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ' i9 w7 @$ B% O9 m' I
/* input a salary as a float */
- O! `# Z' G+ [6 Q, w/ Wprintf(" Salary : "); " O" K$ t2 z2 M6 u* y
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); # S2 H" n3 r: i* S' u" [/ ~6 l
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ! D8 k; @' x4 I4 h' \
} 
( a& J6 I2 s4 m8 q4 V9 }/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ 9 z5 M7 Y& u2 m- K, n, Y# [
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); & J' W5 Y- Q" d9 ?0 l+ M
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); 2 r( a( J: p+ j, b$ W$ M* D

$ v) ?/ M- K* w0 M8 {# r& E- V: c/* Print out the data that was input */
5 N, ?$ r5 w% Y! d& Mprintf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); ) C7 b8 F9 h c1 ~' M% m
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); $ I& R5 d5 [' s: e
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
0 w, z* N. }( J# H& Z5 i. E# h& W- lfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
4 C( m0 G- s; \' y% T% ^+ @ printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
9 x! ~& X7 N* Rloop + 1, $ K# l4 c* r. L$ K* P$ v' }
entry[loop].name,
( A$ v! Q4 J& s8 y; u pentry[loop].age, " H/ m! t2 g o* w
entry[loop].salary);
/ C5 n# W0 J- e H0 Y1 v* f( \printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
* d5 \/ n8 B' H: u- @+ ^return 0; 9 S8 `+ y3 F) `, N& n8 Y
}
6 w- ~8 E9 Z, L7 G" o6 l- @4 {) l9 ?" H
4 I- p* \+ C$ ^# y1 x( x0 r. V4 c. e. j
函数名: stat 
3 V% a: }% U2 }6 G功能: 读取打开文件信息
; I- Q' @+ O% N. U/ M用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); * T- y0 p- u* S9 N
程序例: 9 n8 V. K9 r) z* c- e
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
% {4 k: a4 S- B9 f. m( s#include <STDIO.H>
- I" c6 Z$ O1 I. k* s#include <TIME.H>
+ r4 z" F+ e$ \+ H( e% A#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" % x0 k3 D, t7 Y2 [1 f
int main(void) 6 D1 D: d. F# k2 m2 |& W2 h
{
 s% B1 |8 |, Qstruct stat statbuf;
% @( l" h! z$ Z2 f1 q9 Y9 _FILE *stream; 9 a, i+ @" Q1 u: |9 {
/* open a file for update */
; p* Q# \4 p1 c2 U/ Tif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL)
, X8 n. S* s9 E. [( e6 Q{
) y' C' o# p$ y. _9 J" qfprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
3 V/ A/ B3 H" G/ C% _3 ireturn(1); , \/ F( k: v) z, Q" T/ J1 n, A
} 6 r' k7 D& K/ F) E
/* get information about the file */
0 Z" @& _8 D7 I' B, B2 k& ~stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 9 W3 @4 `5 _6 {# T# n; n ~
fclose(stream); 
4 z* _: Z4 i$ c1 D* Z# o/* display the information returned */
6 i+ X( f/ H" j1 D0 zif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) ( z/ F* t6 Q {2 P0 h
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); + G' Y( g+ k5 i2 u
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG) 1 R1 b5 _& n+ v9 F2 H
printf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); 0 j1 {4 Y7 T: c9 d" A: C
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
8 L3 ~2 \5 P9 `- T, ~; kprintf("User has read permission on file.\n");
' E) q4 ` p- l- f" e/ D/ _3 Nif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
; i) ^- Q: W% B- P) i. Qprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); , F$ S$ \" g! D9 I' ^: `
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
+ d3 Z+ a4 n- H- F0 {5 m: t/ L* f: \printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); a4 C4 b* F+ x# d4 r
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime)); 0 B5 c( G1 M" X
return 0;
/ V0 y% y2 j6 F+ E b0 r; E} % k, ?9 X4 Q3 s( e, M2 Q

$ Y ~' b$ f# F S
7 O% @8 S8 P$ D" Y; r0 I T5 T! b3 V& w
函数名: _status87 & y g. a, U7 [, q1 q
功能: 取浮点状态
5 x8 [ ]8 h. C7 ]用法: unsigned int _status87(void);
8 i2 E/ ]# j! }" q5 W; G程序例: 2 `: n8 m: N2 \% w
#include <STDIO.H>0 _) u" P, K, [. G1 L7 L* k# ]
#include <FLOAT.H>( C: ]& I) n$ |3 O3 m
int main(void) ; j4 A; b& a& r0 }! ]6 I
{
* h! |3 O1 \4 l1 y' ?float x; 8 h- B" L, `3 C
double y = 1.5e-100; 
/ d# R' C' U; Qprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 1 @9 D: B; S' ^# A& e5 \
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */ ! w& C4 L7 J' E! ]* Q1 t5 L# K
y = x; 2 @9 l& v/ _- x2 N7 ~
printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); & l) L2 ]! d1 b: a4 d+ J
return 0; % K- X1 s+ C# k S+ Y( ~4 Z* }; S+ _
}
' i7 d' j2 I( h* h# Z7 d: c: b7 d% I* K$ f- S3 }0 \# b/ U
* F/ F3 s2 C" K
函数名: stime " J7 d1 X# J- q
功能: 设置时间 $ l. ]& z# i0 w5 y' ?/ G* \" s
用法: int stime(long *tp);
7 f0 Z( i; ]0 I& d Z程序例: / y# n* z; y! M9 Z
#include <STDIO.H>
" [2 v, P7 M' d E/ A; D#include <TIME.H>( p6 [3 D* [0 P& q; w
#include <DOS.H>
5 l" h" w9 ~+ D4 i: g7 |int main(void)
' ?, t8 T# V F X1 e{
% C; B: N0 y8 L* m+ S2 r+ Atime_t t;
/ y+ F# p, W8 W! @struct tm *area; ; \. P8 u% w+ d! K
t = time(NULL); / v7 n S/ Z- b0 H* z
area = localtime(&t);
* u ~/ c4 \1 P1 l, `" Fprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); $ A& o/ B8 L0 V! A
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
4 f) N+ A5 M) @/ ^t++;
5 A! t' A4 R" u' n* j: U6 S3 sarea = localtime(&t); / h. M, N% x4 }1 \% I
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); ; t0 F7 D z: [& K& n2 d
t += 60;
0 a# e2 @4 |$ Q* I2 ~area = localtime(&t); s- ^" L0 H, C* V% s
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
8 n" T. x; c% m' ?7 } }% ut += 3600; , [# d4 s: z1 q( r1 K9 S8 Q/ V
area = localtime(&t);
5 M: a" y, ?8 w8 N! w. Sprintf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
' B: d6 u# p9 p! Tt += 86400L;
$ k( b0 K9 W& larea = localtime(&t);
5 S( A- W& D; y! L! p' @+ W$ I3 M# aprintf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); J) w; ~: U! d( r7 W% b, v
t += 2592000L;
/ e' @& p* D# y; {area = localtime(&t);
3 k+ _' n, m5 B N g8 N: eprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); # @- b3 U1 M1 R5 e5 S1 s
t += 31536000L; % S0 n! o9 u" h ]' v% f4 W$ C7 E
area = localtime(&t); ! y J; M' t1 z6 c; o
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); ; ?$ U' L- V8 _! g3 ~. ?4 M( H
return 0; / t4 g5 O4 p t/ ?
} 3 E6 ^. H' V3 c2 s
- I) t- S7 U7 j) y

, d* V2 ^, Q {* y
7 y, e6 ]4 ?3 m, Q- Y函数名: stpcpy 
- @% J' Y6 N+ _6 H* W2 h/ [, |功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 * p2 K5 W% z0 b& H
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
0 @' Z! r2 U# e$ ~程序例: 4 S, y! @/ V; w6 @8 N
#include <STDIO.H>9 x. r) {$ }: B
#include <STRING.H>
 i8 T O) H, A! _3 H' uint main(void)
2 ^) |! z2 {' I7 s2 _2 v3 T8 F{
$ ~1 d, M$ V# m! p. k8 achar string[10];
& j! T9 o4 W, ` m( o& C" wchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; # O/ P @2 ?# T' `$ `5 m
stpcpy(string, str1); " y# g7 q4 Q" ~- I e. k# F
printf("%s\n", string);
! |" ^$ x1 b% H( W! Preturn 0;
9 `5 H0 A7 Q7 W/ e# ~) b. n7 j}
 ]. [( p# }' K9 J, \0 I8 z) n D- E' T4 r, J

: G+ B7 \* ^+ w2 z" y: h
% N" R0 B9 |, n1 u. n& a函数名: strcat $ `+ t& P8 d8 Y. {- l
功能: 字符串拼接函数
5 A' f1 g% i3 p$ ?) `8 q! J用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); . M9 I, B, o3 M: R
程序例: ; V% G/ N! F1 S1 N
#include <STRING.H>/ y$ C) j; E0 R: V
#include <STDIO.H>& h$ V% C2 }. U3 B7 V2 q$ J4 T$ E
int main(void)
, W0 G% h/ T% v' h{ " H# {3 E! ]4 q; E
char destination[25];
: T) m7 B2 `7 Q$ xchar *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 5 h3 j. K4 W. u2 M6 O
strcpy(destination, Borland);
% D/ _$ o& z' I4 L% l0 zstrcat(destination, blank); + G# t" \; x6 m
strcat(destination, c); 
$ H/ O2 d& A8 o1 z4 uprintf("%s\n", destination); # E B0 h: D) n3 }2 ]( n
return 0; 2 ~0 a F, N" {: t& t
}
4 F r U- c5 O
9 g1 ~. U/ b6 `/ \
, B& a! q& R% F. [9 D2 x8 [+ \2 r- |5 h5 a! i
函数名: strchr 
% J( j) F M' S/ A8 C, y. Y功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
$ A$ x; { l$ J! \9 p) {用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
: M! n1 t% e( X+ @程序例: # f$ C4 z) c, S0 n5 e4 M( |
#include <STRING.H>
2 f9 S# ]* S( d7 Z#include <STDIO.H>5 z/ k7 \1 L& _9 V% C5 d
int main(void)
5 W, X4 \' f# E6 K1 [{
* a) d) _% L) v. lchar string[15]; ! R# X% f# F+ ~/ S/ y) Q7 d
char *ptr, c = 'r'; ' _& F6 y; X+ ~4 ?$ E
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); + ^; P5 D9 N9 U6 g$ A
ptr = strchr(string, c);
' d4 D: I) o' rif (ptr) , q! L7 o; }4 e! g* H
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
/ p4 v% J5 ]9 |" g) Jelse
" O5 F k( z3 X$ i; _4 Nprintf("The character was not found\n");
return 0;
) A- k9 j" K- U2 B}
: S& \. `8 E3 O1 _$ f5 W8 |6 Z- R( r# U# F( t+ A, _7 s c: f$ L

6 y# q3 v* c, h2 t: J9 o8 C# m% H, g' z# ~8 {7 `
函数名: strcmp 0 K9 S, |1 L" _3 ^! J2 i
功能: 串比较
% q/ V/ d# t+ N& ]6 f# E3 S用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); 3 H$ H. S, | W0 x: U
程序例: - G$ X; G; f3 N$ X8 O. s# K1 @
#include <STRING.H>6 r+ z1 M& e. m1 z
#include <STDIO.H>
6 a+ t, g! {9 h/ H. l; X! U6 Rint main(void)
& u) P9 Y* f- X \; Z{
7 _: j. [- I4 U8 j3 N' pchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; . l+ r6 m, i( D1 \' A( x5 \
int ptr; 
0 K- l7 L& _+ q/ z: V/ ^ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
% V& c1 `8 g+ u) [4 A: q3 Yif (ptr > 0) 4 _' R9 V& r! d' P
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
+ z. f+ C: I4 k5 l) welse
; x! f v. Q1 k* V' U" \printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
+ b, }/ p$ X' X1 M/ i* }ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); 6 ]" g: {- ?# J) s) y" z
if (ptr > 0) & D/ k( n7 p+ U8 |* P7 j- y
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
: }7 c9 x6 y7 Zelse
/ _. Q# T- K& t; o( G& C _( Xprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); % B i& Z8 A2 @) x
return 0; 3 q$ p# \. {# `3 x& H. u
}
2 ~" h g* c) D/ ?) [/ Q4 ]% G$ c2 j ^/ \; D ^$ J2 v

9 f# O" l/ v4 X' `6 f/ a# ?2 J9 g" J& G& Y" F5 s3 s x
函数名: strncmpi 
' y+ B K. r) p. V% P8 Y功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 3 g) u- t+ t& V) X/ D+ I& {
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
9 ]2 n/ m D, e$ O程序例: , y& ?8 v9 b7 n2 R
#include <STRING.H>
2 Z' d$ t# ^: \ ~- T0 a% ^: `#include <STDIO.H>
7 I' p% D3 X' Y% r8 W" Jint main(void) 0 l! E3 s0 T* d% o5 L
{
( r; O; F1 K1 e6 T/ |* [char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
, d+ J( Q4 N' F- Mint ptr; 
- f2 h( J& u9 Fptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
5 r2 c1 w8 q: V& eif (ptr > 0)
 [; l4 k H9 y9 d& {8 cprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
- i0 k+ }/ d. D8 d: e. Nif (ptr < 0)
6 f8 o( L, y$ p5 ?( ?6 aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
" }5 ]3 R, f/ F. n- ?5 bif (ptr == 0) + }( V- ?: K3 u3 R1 o
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); ( E6 k$ Y) s4 R9 F* ?( k# A5 X
return 0; M$ e' U* y4 N3 F
}
) M/ u) \" o# }. q) F9 O( S, o. g7 v
3 m4 g p5 K* k2 j: u3 |- r
- v4 z! k$ ^6 \7 A' V
函数名: strcpy 
 k; P" n- r6 R! F& D功能: 串拷贝
$ S% u W( n' ~8 V用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
# u9 k$ g( v! J0 j8 j) N5 _程序例: : |5 k" |% p5 I
#include <STDIO.H>
7 {- e3 @, O+ x#include <STRING.H>
0 q' N8 x2 V1 tint main(void) 9 y# `" A. C2 i
{ 3 Z1 @* L G2 g$ e
char string[10]; 5 R* j2 @' P2 I. o5 |! F) e
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
 W! l' C- f! s: p- p' ostrcpy(string, str1); ! E: h- R1 A5 U# v& r) y
printf("%s\n", string); 8 f O! X6 l# W' ~- J3 F
return 0;
. ]7 |7 ]: t- ^6 M6 ~# l; r}
" `0 a" Y d' B- R; M& n
# [% F! r2 d S8 ]4 b5 ?' j/ H% ]% E! p; e3 @; h, ]& n4 D0 s/ {

( V& v. r- @: H6 x) C/ E& I函数名: strcspn p- {# i& j! q) h
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
& X2 Y" Z2 ]4 G- [9 W" c. g用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
( g- Q6 c. R' \, T4 h. R" s程序例: 3 @/ k4 H" Z. k% P9 Q* x
#include <STDIO.H>1 m1 `0 N" J2 E! C
#include <STRING.H>$ K0 u/ a$ a+ Y
#include <ALLOC.H>* Q- M7 E0 E' J$ o4 A
int main(void) $ ^2 v) ^9 O% P4 a! ~$ h
{
 U* e0 r6 U& s$ e" m5 q& Ochar *string1 = "1234567890";
/ Z7 l% V5 r, Bchar *string2 = "747DC8";
, N" i1 J! T3 Bint length; 4 q5 t. I g u5 Q: B
length = strcspn(string1, string2); % {7 u+ z1 l1 Y: T/ d
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
) g6 g. I' c# P+ B7 K( b& N8 ~return 0;
! X; Z! T- z" G, B} 5 s1 t7 c! D# J8 w- K
! f/ ?5 V+ K5 V, P* b
1 g& y) D G+ f2 l8 j$ I8 v. G5 W3 o
, n/ H% R/ q$ e. V/ r' F
函数名: strdup 
# x8 R2 Q2 O h$ K功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
3 n# I. H7 G+ A4 R3 m1 T" r用法: char *strdup(char *str); ! a3 ]% h1 T. j" D# H
程序例: 
* B6 i1 u; h/ @' ~#include <STDIO.H>$ y- I# s7 ^: U K! r# J
#include <STRING.H>
% ]9 H! t9 J) J+ p$ U0 K7 x#include <ALLOC.H>7 o, a7 f$ E: z4 O2 P0 ~. S x/ z Q
int main(void)
% p& \! M* F* j2 s; v! ^5 ^# P{
1 f, k* T9 R+ ?- Wchar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 0 Q' @& Z8 U* s
dup_str = strdup(string);
" i$ B, w0 [0 o- vprintf("%s\n", dup_str); / U+ J$ r9 ~ |
free(dup_str); 5 ^; F# `8 ^* R( N6 |
return 0; 1 ~( y8 G; k! T* S
}
1 ~7 f s/ `* w" \+ T W; j E* m( ^* r, c b* z0 z- i
$ T+ a5 Q( @. W' @! w
" G; B( V' h! U: N! A
函数名: stricmp 
: _8 W" {# f% H; u7 c' \7 w/ u功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 3 n$ c# x H+ Z6 _- Q7 g- a
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); C; M: M& } h, m5 C9 [
程序例: 4 ?) j# e; s: W t+ @8 w
#include <STRING.H>
# R, C3 \; a; J5 d4 g7 @, n8 t#include <STDIO.H>6 V2 i. G% ^0 ~' T/ h: P# P8 f1 x
int main(void)
4 M3 F9 l# u- n6 p* c4 Z! A0 D{ : D& n; \$ v) L7 l- X
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; + e. g0 ?2 X' E
int ptr; : _: C% [# i/ l6 Y
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
0 Z/ O' `0 f6 O. U, Bif (ptr > 0)
9 y/ ~& C6 G4 g2 V- i: Gprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); + R3 M- z* k+ x7 R
if (ptr < 0)
; O+ j! z4 i4 m- N6 mprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); : Z$ j' q2 }; i0 m: S& x. s" j9 B2 [5 J
if (ptr == 0)
4 h( k$ Y" O+ V8 K6 _printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
; c: `, @2 i9 F% [( y2 Wreturn 0; , Q* U* M# B; w% ~8 A
}
, V: [8 M; \7 h. T( Z7 g! z. ?, B# ?0 P8 Z a5 ~ u! {& {
" q y9 v5 D4 Z- }: ]0 z% ? f" y! J4 Z
函数名: strerror ) W( J* c" F$ S+ m% a
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
6 M% g5 y4 U6 [5 r; O5 W" W用法: char *strerror(int errnum); / J* ?: B- \) U) M
程序例: , B" n% C3 K/ L# N% j8 Q, ]8 r
#include <STDIO.H>
2 I+ @7 r4 j; n8 }+ Q9 N1 d#include <ERRNO.H>
( G: I7 ]* H& n0 Fint main(void)
7 d! M# Z8 \9 v3 _: d- o# E{
5 C2 h* t' l' f' Y" m* Tchar *buffer; ' K* s# `$ f( E# E
buffer = strerror(errno); 3 {4 F8 Z4 ?, m3 Y, u
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
5 A! U5 Y2 k1 b breturn 0; ; f" f* [5 N1 T* a8 N3 W
}
- ?6 Z, L0 f' q! y6 d$ F6 O) }4 w7 \5 |( g6 t( `, Y
' g+ b3 b5 P6 `8 j/ s6 y$ U' U
% n) Y6 X: B N4 d, N
函数名: strcmpi 
7 d8 m' D% `- v. v- ~ E& J功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
* v% J$ G9 P0 D8 L8 B0 ?2 @用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
0 m: w, H8 [0 q5 h程序例: ( P/ b+ G1 O4 E! d
#include <STRING.H>$ X: C5 W& U; c
#include <STDIO.H>
2 e2 u2 \4 [8 }6 ^2 d9 qint main(void) 7 b3 N- s7 [* t$ C1 U, v
{ ' m& J4 @6 {: ]' g8 V$ X
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
 @1 L$ d+ p+ o6 R# E! ^% U3 m4 Wint ptr; 
. C- q, \5 H- Wptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
4 `$ h& Z ] N% {$ s4 mif (ptr > 0) 4 V* [/ J6 ^3 h: @3 ~/ G
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 5 A: [& ?$ o& S: k8 c
if (ptr < 0)
2 y% ^8 f# R3 {5 ~4 Iprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
% ~8 ]9 f6 D6 B4 h/ qif (ptr == 0)
+ P3 ], _ o9 k0 {; dprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
, c" {) B1 e S8 W1 P$ Y1 Jreturn 0;
/ p" X. [1 `3 ?}
( p0 R2 z! E. p4 r* Q2 x4 Z, W9 Y" C' ?) B9 z% L3 F
! _4 B" N3 g+ t! X* L7 o

2 i1 n2 m' w3 L) @" f9 N函数名: strncmp # L- i7 T2 C7 q2 F9 K* A2 m3 E5 c, S
功能: 串比较 * F; C* M$ U% k$ }2 s' O) Q
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
1 B0 d& V( p& A程序例: 
9 V8 p N- c7 i( G. w#include <STRING.H>, S' E1 g% U; O, U4 C0 E
#include <STDIO.H>
0 Y) R6 A# R% e; _9 G j& Dint main(void) 
3 |8 o/ s$ [3 h$ A( h{
. a# x6 s* h/ I2 w- G+ Mchar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; $ J' M4 ?! l9 O" L/ I, h6 F
int ptr; 
$ ^8 G" o6 G K1 Y$ x5 o& tptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); ! z9 v" V* [1 R5 M4 T4 V
if (ptr > 0) 6 I& D7 n+ S- P* B
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
( R+ L c+ ^+ k' Belse
# \( D6 P: F) g& eprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); + o4 B" }1 z2 Z" Z
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
# b! E( T' [$ H! y; Xif (ptr > 0) K+ ]! u( e. i" ^5 a) a7 I
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
: i/ Y( D. p; C* i! O+ {else 8 [! X$ ?+ v6 X0 P' o0 }! o
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); & ]0 v5 a! X& a' q. c9 Y
return(0);
9 d$ @, Z1 I r5 Y$ G}
" b: c4 a0 m( u8 O- t8 v! |% ^, l/ p' I3 |: x" w7 A3 F: K
1 w3 \6 O6 G6 k
函数名: strncmpi ' p# g B7 s9 m
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 & f7 r$ Z6 h2 f4 \. o& |8 D: M
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); + H0 S1 a" d' p1 O' g9 U
程序例: 5 _% ^. v3 k6 _- @0 U, S" w
#include <STRING.H> @ ~. R+ j* U' A6 T0 N2 ^
#include <STDIO.H>* g+ i% \/ p$ D; J
int main(void) 4 a7 y! G/ O A, m2 C
{
 P6 n8 O1 E# E# a Echar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
# y& Y! S$ N; N5 m2 y/ Rint ptr; 2 m, T' J7 D1 I: P9 s7 H% S( O
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); % f8 N8 y2 }8 D4 [" m. m/ ]* R) W
if (ptr > 0)
% R' O9 b1 [! p" uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 9 j' J/ C4 ~; J6 f: j/ G& |( R: O9 I
if (ptr < 0) + c. ?) D9 z- [3 E+ q; O2 |
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); & Q+ C! A1 o; z7 i$ j
if (ptr == 0) " b. ~- D8 A, b& B/ V
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); " G0 I. g* N! j1 m2 t
return 0; 
1 K' ~$ e& o7 y& B) E+ G. W} 5 ~5 U, O% F* L% [

7 O; q7 P+ h9 Y. y8 t% i- G5 S8 q/ S' y3 q9 e) p4 N0 O) V( ]
函数名: strncpy $ |" P1 t( g# H9 v1 [4 L, B
功能: 串拷贝
$ I4 e5 B# D( R& {& O5 i7 Z7 \用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); ; w2 F2 z% T4 L4 Z
程序例: 
4 c5 Y% O9 D1 C, }* I#include <STDIO.H>
) P/ G# n" K2 \#include <STRING.H>3 Y3 {/ ?1 w) V: z: M) E. q
int main(void)
- J \% c h" U! I7 y{ % \4 ?' Q( l8 P5 @; ]: M
char string[10]; , ` [& O2 I; c% \
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; ( E/ O0 p9 B+ s, K1 j* W2 a
strncpy(string, str1, 3);
" V( W# E% M) X. W) nstring[3] = '\0'; A* U* ]8 f, E& T& l; h! g
printf("%s\n", string);
3 S# _9 a; Y9 L4 Z3 B& [: \return 0; & g, o- j, I0 r# i
} 1 }% \% H3 j- o# j: H
0 M F) N' H) C6 ?+ g' D
9 k, G1 x1 E, [8 P7 H# d8 I# b% }
函数名: strnicmp * g7 P9 d; t7 l1 c& [
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 . r1 {( l- `- ?6 Y8 ^
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
% A3 ?% s" t$ z& U' l/ J$ K程序例: # v, G6 f0 i: f+ F) Y
#include <STRING.H>, a7 D# O# G+ C `5 X7 |4 {
#include <STDIO.H>
0 K6 K; u. T" F& }int main(void)
1 _ s# g$ X8 L; r8 P& C; k# Z{
' H3 w I2 M1 ?. M9 C" G4 @+ Schar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
% \, S) D: T2 S% z. U2 w/ e! G* o, R& tint ptr; , i9 O/ r8 D+ L. L1 `# O6 q* z5 A
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); $ y0 q1 v2 u- a2 T
if (ptr > 0)
+ V/ K9 c* F5 G' F: e/ Fprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ! O1 F) N& i+ `' v3 d3 J; {
if (ptr < 0)
1 B; b" _; z0 \5 h8 i$ a4 K# P5 J- xprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
- M3 Z& ~4 J# G& Qif (ptr == 0) - i6 V3 F) j5 ]) w8 S& p
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
9 `6 O# x; g& ?& G! e. Freturn 0; 0 F' D4 D. ~( w2 A" s
}
0 [" Z; I! q8 {8 ~# I% @/ G& Q
' T: ]. ?, b, r/ L0 Q( M5 Q9 z/ e

* O! Q8 @ j+ W0 Z( q6 y/ A1 D$ s函数名: strnset 2 z$ V7 ]9 Y% ]& Q- I/ Q
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 / c% L6 v Y( N! B
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
, O O$ Y, _; k5 \% S程序例: H) S5 Y+ W, o5 l
#include <STDIO.H>5 d6 z3 ~& m" O2 a% a( i5 L% F
#include <STRING.H>! s; O1 M w$ P! e2 q; y
int main(void) . t3 o N8 A0 P: {
{ 8 H2 T+ @+ T( o2 |/ v
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
# b: r9 }, d2 D9 ~; mchar letter = 'x'; 
$ L3 W, }' k7 [& P1 n0 O9 \( _) `printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string); - U6 m- ~+ j. V/ a8 M
strnset(string, letter, 13);
5 ~% u( m3 N/ N. Tprintf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 6 c; F+ ?' Y6 g! y: Y& N- Z: I
return 0; 1 G) o6 r2 Z* _$ M' a' N7 \
} ' |$ s' o) j3 o2 ^6 z
3 V. c S) |9 ~( ^

% O0 o% u. w, W0 p函数名: strpbrk . g3 W& W5 s4 F* x. j2 Q
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 & [& T' a, f; B6 N' m
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); ' L, i! `' B. s# k
程序例: 
0 T' g: b; }2 o' y* b#include <STDIO.H>
, l# H9 J# j, B( @#include <STRING.H>
, l; G* I5 b: q2 K- {: C" z Wint main(void)
7 `1 w+ |2 {0 V% c# N: v{
2 r: Z5 d( [% O G) Q% R, Echar *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 3 ]$ L& z$ A# ~1 @
char *string2 = "onm";
4 [2 a' T: g" p0 y& X) M! Uchar *ptr; 
- A1 q) [: t$ \2 j9 F+ Xptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
0 k5 q" H1 s# ^, Tif (ptr) ! b0 [( d9 e6 G4 [* E" n
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); 6 _2 A* ?0 v" N5 y- J
else $ v* S) g' k5 q9 P
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
: M. \! t+ H! z, s8 c+ u" greturn 0;
) M3 z x8 ~( s* x7 J} $ u9 l: i2 w3 l" }! H# c+ m

8 Z. a9 q* o1 ^- o) W) J. q, X/ x! m3 F4 ^. U$ Y
* \) l& ]; W3 h. v/ x1 ?
函数名: strrchr , W+ I o. `# r: A% ^
功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
- g$ Z. h0 v( k- q1 W用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
0 M2 @2 l$ t; M. t程序例: + }& w' Q! r, j, j+ P
#include <STRING.H>0 n! U: G" J& [- ^2 u
#include <STDIO.H>5 q! V( a1 c0 C7 \" @2 q
int main(void) / v, ^# D4 g7 s% w, B
{ + E1 {8 s: w' G; @
char string[15];
3 u$ N( J" T T- t% t y# Wchar *ptr, c = 'r'; + Q* I! n. ^) G: F7 K) _
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); 5 \+ j1 ], {8 P) B- o
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
7 i5 d/ S' a# `if (ptr) ) Z' g. v* o! ?3 }% Q$ P1 w
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
8 \# d, C+ y& i& A l& Selse 3 \0 d7 G& r6 E
printf("The character was not found\n"); ! x5 R$ ]# }* b5 [( A
return 0; 5 k! z: H! ]" |5 l
} 
1 l* `8 Q* l7 }8 z' P8 L
. P& U6 s% W$ |9 W6 f( s# d$ a7 v6 N) e$ e; L7 Y* y

8 j5 S7 }( \% V& h0 h/ y函数名: strrev - c' G" Y0 D) T6 d
功能: 串倒转 1 C" ]% L" e" v' M' w
用法: char *strrev(char *str);
) H7 H( s4 M [6 y5 g程序例: 2 \* B4 ^% `$ `# V0 Y
#include <STRING.H>' @- a2 x) y& b- v, O
#include <STDIO.H> y2 A. U* Y/ x) L2 h4 V
int main(void) ' F# c' n' T" b
{ 8 H# U' V* `- Y9 r$ t/ T7 s
char *forward = "string"; - y) t; }% Q; U
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); + n! ~- z2 @1 c: ?( ?3 Q5 y
strrev(forward); & S2 X# c2 d" n+ B# x" F7 `$ P3 K
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); / {6 T5 ^* i0 i& ?
return 0; 5 [0 K& X% |0 u" S5 F% V# h
} ( K7 a" G: S0 D) \

" Y. l& {3 P+ R8 g, {6 V, @函数名: strset O7 Y- c3 v' G/ U! r, F
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 ! N, i6 ^2 o5 e$ j2 D9 f
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); # I+ ]9 i. g* f" Q) x8 C9 B4 m
程序例: 
3 t0 s, Q0 ^/ W" ~ ^#include <STDIO.H>
, X; r0 a$ j4 C#include <STRING.H>
: i/ C! e' G% K* vint main(void)
$ h, U6 a( l! s3 C% |2 r{ # C" d6 s! {( B+ P9 Q5 s
char string[10] = "123456789";
, O8 o" X# v2 u8 Z0 vchar symbol = 'c'; & s& _7 P( O: T/ R
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
' W4 @9 A- X" Z8 V: d6 x& ystrset(string, symbol); 8 ]0 ~0 X* `0 q* L9 U' H5 a1 f
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
. m9 M$ c( P" C5 ^& e1 w' Ureturn 0; * V8 Y$ K3 D- u. `3 F
}
8 v2 B% n& t* S$ U; e
. n2 ?) s8 S/ N
" z3 y; B$ d+ O+ V5 P' N/ V
$ P K$ F. t' J o7 b- U* D函数名: strspn 
& q e. p* R6 q- v( f/ v% V功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
6 M( G9 M. n+ U, P用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
: k( _5 |9 ~. }5 G7 I程序例: 7 u8 w, Z3 A) x
#include <STDIO.H>7 m2 w% k* Q/ K5 ]8 E
#include <STRING.H>" b( j; v3 t1 o- Q' B$ R
#include <ALLOC.H>9 {1 q3 r# s* \ a& A
int main(void) , `/ ^/ |6 w7 w5 O6 {0 m
{
4 i4 |; Q. X m, gchar *string1 = "1234567890";
8 l' l- P1 L& R3 R5 `char *string2 = "123DC8";
4 w8 }0 Q1 E7 U, b M* bint length; 7 C1 W* o u: @. a
length = strspn(string1, string2);
1 Q2 }& C1 ~7 q2 p0 c& ~printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); & ~- ^6 U5 S$ W0 u7 H3 J' Z! y9 y
return 0;
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) ^ x# _* R6 r8 i
函数名: strstr 
% L# d* R- d$ Z6 k) e* I4 [功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 ! l/ d* t4 s0 I7 @9 x: c
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); 2 d* q& M4 F5 E, P9 p* C y
程序例: , q5 Y) e1 U' g8 N h5 G
#include <STDIO.H>
. G7 g' l( F" s+ W# ?#include <STRING.H>
3 M- h" T! Q- Q0 M( i, }int main(void)
, r* s1 K! E6 T" o; @1 J. y{ 3 U6 A Q& {# N' K
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 0 B: `9 Q R8 }" S
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
+ b3 \6 R% e0 e5 {) u7 c/ tprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
, j0 k7 G* \3 Y* ~2 x$ Creturn 0;
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1 _; D( L% n: O2 N函数名: strtod * G4 _- a5 E2 Y5 W. H1 o+ ?3 a
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
, g7 ]& e9 f2 N, m7 {& s用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
7 y; y6 t& |. U+ e3 H. M程序例: ; s5 v, L0 \$ f+ m) [
#include <STDIO.H>
8 H [! J0 T" o4 W5 T#include <STDLIB.H>5 I4 r# s. F) `9 Z" r% i# Z
int main(void)
+ P# }7 N+ v; n' }; }: e. z{
# I; \: E L" a- q" Hchar input[80], *endptr; ) K( \/ V/ f$ s: U n9 }: w
double value; - T& O9 h, v) K7 @7 q( @
printf("Enter a floating point number:"); 3 ~" ?7 S. F; `- O$ f8 S9 j1 M
gets(input);
! Q/ I( q9 V* P# J" A- bvalue = strtod(input, &endptr); ' P7 H- `3 Y+ V8 \
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); ' q0 Z6 k) G! u: V f8 d/ J
return 0; j2 V+ {9 k$ I
} % X: V+ d8 P0 [- B! [0 U( F, @4 N

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$ b! m4 L% L; W- e- @* ?5 I函数名: strtok - Z2 i; \1 K, c! D* g
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 / L& m9 R, p$ S( s6 w8 e6 \6 j
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); ( l7 G; E" ]. l3 ]5 K
程序例: . T: i8 Q0 d* Q+ ?/ f8 Z! r8 M9 e" { Z
#include <STRING.H>
+ b* ?2 y% x( R2 t#include <STDIO.H>
; i7 |8 I K+ s7 d7 q& lint main(void) - l% a, P$ @1 Q# u
{
* M% x$ y4 j% Wchar input[16] = "abc,d";
5 g9 O8 Y+ O6 u$ J5 T5 m9 [char *p; ( c' A6 f' l c9 @! T1 X
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
( ] [7 O4 |8 pin front of the token, if found */
* [* C6 L7 V; ~4 r& I" @p = strtok(input, ",");
( N1 z% q$ a& t& Zif (p) printf("%s\n", p); 5 v4 \# t& M B- u b. o
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
5 e& K; Z% @& P' Ras the first parameter returns a pointer + O4 c+ U p. Z+ R- z
to the character following the token */
5 K* P* B) l/ H: r3 bp = strtok(NULL, ","); - h+ C4 k- p6 K/ f" v+ ~6 G6 B# P
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
4 F. m# U. T, X/ T, l+ Rreturn 0;
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" g, ^6 D9 o$ e6 H4 u# z/ _. \+ V. W+ g' y- E( v

& F3 L% c8 @1 Q) K9 F& m; p6 }8 t) P函数名: strtol 
. k! o/ d5 F! @0 W' J3 L$ e功能: 将串转换为长整数
- J. C3 s c' B5 `" w用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); ' O' p: c) X( i3 x3 n" _+ B- u- a) \
程序例: 
) ~8 w3 ~, f, W#include <STDLIB.H>
, O1 L" j- Y% I- i* c' K- ^#include <STDIO.H>% n1 \6 P- d5 `$ C8 v7 G
int main(void)
% T" o' `" R- r+ g; T$ u{ ) c C R7 m0 }$ t* O m! j
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
) D5 j: A8 h: ^% o3 elong lnumber; - [3 X7 f, f# ?" S" w1 k7 ~3 h$ o
/* strtol converts string to long integer */ 6 y' [0 j' A' X5 C" [& w+ k% l
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
+ m' g# s* h$ A+ u4 cprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
6 o) e/ q/ Y. zreturn 0;
2 G+ p1 \( r; ?5 Z: o- T. c$ @) K} 6 o {5 p. Y! `4 r! N g0 E; i8 S

& A1 d6 w) o# Y4 I3 ~函数名: strupr 
. @8 |9 C1 P K& C' [5 l/ I功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
! l( @: C+ k$ x- v$ ~用法: char *strupr(char *str); $ o2 ?) [* j3 n/ v6 T
程序例: 4 r/ I% H0 N$ B& ], t
#include <STDIO.H>. M0 x3 W; V: j( ?9 p0 U X
#include <STRING.H>
- \4 ~2 `" s/ v6 q5 |int main(void)
2 f l7 W u- B A# V{ 0 s! j* B3 ~( Z: i- g
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
( _. Q7 C: A" u8 c& a/* converts string to upper case characters */
( D4 z s& T+ m$ uptr = strupr(string); . F) ]9 h6 l- X( s2 Y
printf("%s\n", ptr);
6 ]6 ]) [! q5 vreturn 0;
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' t2 X% z# e3 D( B. ]) K函数名: swab 
! ~4 L$ m* ]" A+ F: q2 g7 l! }功能: 交换字节 7 T- J+ x0 D1 @
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); 4 r" p/ H/ x! d
程序例: 
% ^ J) D4 p5 O; D- X, F#include <STDLIB.H>
5 q! M# e9 R! }+ A& i/ z#include <STDIO.H>
" E$ d1 { A8 k, s5 f m#include <STRING.H>
' }! l+ W6 R/ [1 b( e/ qchar source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; ( w! n; K$ h# V b$ K v3 z' R
char target[15]; 6 u4 r2 X( @& y! u* f+ [
int main(void)
- D8 N! B- I, P c; f9 J' p8 z{ & n2 r7 B. G2 ^7 x' Q/ m' e
swab(source, target, strlen(source)); ( ^! \& H+ ?) H
printf("This is target: %s\n", target); 4 [" m) P& x3 G; C, ]
return 0;
+ i0 ]/ Z: s* Y4 R- T) b: _} + U' ^6 K; ]5 O' Y+ I k

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# N2 p- g, f U函数名: system 
& F& E2 D, L9 w1 W8 F7 G% {功能: 发出一个DOS命令 0 ]! p4 w0 m' [4 K R9 _4 v7 q
用法: int system(char *command); / U" d% U+ Z5 g
程序例: . i7 ?8 o- i- ]; s
#include <STDLIB.H>* K- b" n9 O9 g/ H
#include <STDIO.H>
8 y, H/ Z) A a' Y( lint main(void)
- L% b$ g4 p3 m. K9 n{ $ N. O2 [% q- [: P- W' E1 X
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
: }: E4 H( ]: k4 Asystem("dir");
( k- P8 r% a X# d2 G' S+ B* ?return 0;
2 F3 w; ?1 {0 i# g/ S" X}