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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |正序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
9 B% G# ~2 Q' O4 h/* display the gray scale */
# h6 O H* u$ [- N0 aht = getmaxy() / 16;
. A; @; F* d: a; U9 _' exmax = getmaxx();
9 E$ z: v9 N7 S6 d. z3 Gy = 0; 9 [$ v' v; X; {* h5 m" Y/ y
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { 0 z/ A) ?1 m3 `" B6 l
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); 9 f* A6 O, c: Y% Q0 H* ]' u
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); $ y/ D9 r0 W" m0 z- r' ?
y += ht; : J8 A; V* T6 A0 g% v5 P
} 
* i# W: x, l+ y; v6 c/* clean up */
# n( K) I1 A1 g5 O/ p0 ]! w& {getch(); " X# d5 e# {/ \" `8 d
closegraph();
7 G- U. y6 ?. i6 \0 P a$ jreturn 0;
; h2 ~& ?7 X8 u& B) M( o" c} ( X' e! G( N2 S* m7 z, c3 s% Y4 {

$ M# l r4 d; g% q5 D4 |5 i6 t' f P/ V5 j
4 U2 w9 Y7 S! t% I* o
函数名: settextjustify 
6 Z( f! g2 V Z( V+ X& V) X" j. H功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
# L. L) i+ t r% H9 ~7 j3 [# [4 ]用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
3 R8 O( T Z. _+ H* @程序例: ! A( m6 B. Z4 W& t' W
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
3 P, r8 t% u+ g6 K$ ^0 n#include <STDLIB.H>
8 y( r; I# U; [2 E1 C#include <STDIO.H>
/ _: ^) K% X' E#include <CONIO.H>
: Q& u' F! _+ V/ m/* function prototype */
; I! |5 n" g5 F, p4 x" P$ R! ^5 uvoid xat(int x, int y); 
: y- u; V/ R0 K" k) q/* horizontal text justification settings */ + D) ^$ _* ?4 }) s
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", 7 |/ U i* z! p: Q$ o% V' i: u* L8 e
"CENTER_TEXT",
 C; m; n' E7 X3 l5 S"RIGHT_TEXT"
/ k# b& i8 Q' R% }}; ( U, c0 C2 ~ q( W3 q
/* vertical text justification settings */
5 j+ P* ]" {$ B' p/ M" ~8 T: S0 dchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
5 Z8 `2 R. z! j9 Q) P"CENTER_TEXT", + Z: `3 U! v8 a
"RIGHT_TEXT" + U H: t, h7 S9 A4 f
}; 6 i5 Y4 ]* X* a# @/ W& c" F
int main(void)
* {: [1 @" n! _{
! E& v& [4 r. v1 X% U/* request auto detection */ + \. ]3 w& F/ k: `0 l: N- c
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
" }* ^- A* p, c; j. K5 p l5 d0 ]int midx, midy, hj, vj; - `: e, P- \3 p8 {
char msg[80]; " c* a. z' X: `# I7 ^
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, P7 d( C5 v- pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); $ v g" I1 I! S4 n' r6 \% M
/* read result of initialization */ 8 K- R5 \/ ^8 C% _. U
errorcode = graphresult(); . ~8 c5 h! _9 o5 Q
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
, x( ^" |: L) g6 B) H" u{ + o9 N+ U H* \" r3 p: C, A
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
2 s; I5 O; p! @: \* x4 Q, X8 l4 t& dprintf("Press any key to halt:"); " ^0 I5 L) q# G) C+ | i- W) ^
getch(); & X0 W6 o' L2 A
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
. Y# Z$ ], q' j: ^4 u8 \5 t5 |1 J} 
2 @- z9 x7 k; {7 A/ X. Mmidx = getmaxx() / 2; + T/ y, Y8 c! h1 ?
midy = getmaxy() / 2; e; {# {+ T# N5 v% { o* }2 m
/* loop through text justifications */ 0 t3 F' @" y$ w/ g) @ _" X4 _& p
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
7 ?9 i7 V* B% Y. d* v$ ]( c) Kfor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) S8 C! a" i. H* F4 J- h7 q' t" F# I
{
& u* E: C2 g- a* |4 d- _( a+ i/ kcleardevice(); 8 d6 Y& A, C, C0 o# e$ U+ e
/* set the text justification */
% r5 ~( `+ M, I2 {4 Jsettextjustify(hj, vj); $ z2 t P |. O
/* create a message string */
' L/ C' H4 s; f# P7 J d/ u/ r. |7 `sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 
5 Q8 C, C" _8 L% N/* create cross hairs on the screen */
5 m- x* ~8 z% Z v( N2 N" [: ?xat(midx, midy); 
$ Z8 K0 u. U* I/ ? Z/* output the message */
3 ]8 q( U7 i! v6 }! H# youttextxy(midx, midy, msg);
; @ o O+ Q6 f" x# M* Jgetch(); 3 v% d) ]% g8 l
} 
! o; g& s v4 i/* clean up */ : N. h8 K" n6 B
closegraph();
9 J& Z! q w) H; i" q) e) h# ?return 0; & J: U s: C; H% o9 a
} 
( g8 ~& H8 H9 T- x$ Z" S/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
3 d7 @4 X8 B9 M* N, ?* s) S2 evoid xat(int x, int y) 4 D0 e, U* J/ H% l+ x3 u, f
{ i& ?- e( Y, f8 ~$ X9 W
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); ' L9 ~3 L0 _$ t- s
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
* @5 ?* s4 R1 z7 b} ! U# n: v. m' | X

6 q1 _0 J' I9 C ?' x2 S' v5 M4 P0 [0 H, D4 O* z
函数名: settextstyle ( p% f' c/ u: |; \. I
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
' H+ m) z& s, s1 a* D+ V用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
4 c I1 E/ R% `. ~$ v. ]程序例: 4 M! i/ F8 o$ H0 c# a5 j4 J
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
* J% W) b8 ]1 ~7 D#include <STDLIB.H>
( C, T3 k; q$ H& s3 w: ?#include <STDIO.H>& h0 ?3 B( K; ]2 c! ^6 l. ?
#include <CONIO.H>
/ c5 G' [9 [ L- k" z! R/* the names of the text styles supported */ , d5 }* \% {+ p
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
( y3 V+ y; u4 g& c5 s/ C"TRIPLEX font",
9 x% F9 \! f; W! }"SMALL font",
, y; v& R- x7 K% S& V"SANS SERIF font", / v: ]: C# {$ S" D1 e/ b
"GOTHIC font"
" B3 }- q+ P* X}; 0 Y$ q$ e: N0 J/ B- K" L1 K n
int main(void) / h5 S, _. d. t# Q" Q; n
{ / `( T1 D, r( r0 D3 [) J! z9 s
/* request auto detection */ ; c! C. ~: y+ M' [; L! F! |% X
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
: z2 L, G5 u2 r Yint style, midx, midy; ' u- W* r8 w9 ]! m3 |! c y
int size = 1; 
' n$ ^' }, L' o7 C) r/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& r) n7 h% f1 zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 2 A' @8 c4 G" ~# b& Q
/* read result of initialization */
: i# u* R$ c4 K" {$ h! c+ Gerrorcode = graphresult(); / V& t1 L3 B+ i" g) O5 @
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
. U* }* w0 }) B' }4 ?( S% z' o1 Q: C{
8 `8 y+ X+ Z/ _" C3 Gprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * {. \, ^, ^( G: V' F* ~
printf("Press any key to halt:"); $ u( u" ?2 |/ o9 |' c
getch();
$ u t. X5 Z7 Z9 Zexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 H. L. Q% M8 l: k} 
 ^5 s9 ~& V. h$ O; ?- K6 `; Mmidx = getmaxx() / 2; * [4 F, _6 ~% e4 s; B9 g( h3 o
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! w. a- T' J g+ t) L! w
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ; S2 \& G& ]6 J
/* loop through the available text styles */ ' J8 L( J3 l9 s/ Q; z. k( @
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) % G1 z: f/ u4 i9 ]( U; x
{
* G+ F- a/ J% y7 ^& ^cleardevice(); : j+ z( K- c; i' {2 V
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) / K+ M! k, u7 P5 X# D% k) y; j
size = 4; 
7 N& K2 f; N7 x) D7 O0 w8 O/* select the text style */ " {' U* t) [, ?
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); ; w$ q, _! _) f2 T5 F# c
/* output a message */ 6 c, v( X8 I* t i, E b
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); $ L) m. O/ ]) C% o
getch();
& x i! W. D* U- t} 
+ Q6 [6 j( E% M1 c+ n, w9 p" w, o/* clean up */
8 E: x" k1 O* u; pclosegraph();
2 A" ~ F- p! L2 I( Q) X- xreturn 0;
$ _5 Z9 `. o; Q2 b}
: M4 k: s! @/ A( I" x0 {! B3 Z6 Q. b8 u6 z% w8 h9 c1 t

# ]/ G1 \+ n0 C: b函数名: settextstyle 
: E* K2 D) `/ F' c( |$ I( g功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
8 [1 `7 i e& b$ {3 L& [9 G' {用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
4 G# O; r% \/ T- o2 |程序例: 
3 H& I& L; @* Q#include <GRAPHICS.H>
" E" t: s( K( k4 N9 D, b' I: t#include <STDLIB.H>
7 }+ e) F0 O5 i# r" v+ O9 e' P8 e4 G#include <STDIO.H>& x' Y) O; I$ O
#include <CONIO.H>
" Y1 c' X5 g2 J U/* the names of the text styles supported */
* Q4 o+ y6 w( N/ S& j; [char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
- r0 ^/ ]; }. x' h. Q. ^; f/ H"TRIPLEX font",
* I- `, r- s8 \0 y, d"SMALL font",
' O; Z7 D$ M; \5 C7 H) A+ a"SANS SERIF font",
8 d4 k$ D( }4 A6 B"GOTHIC font"
* f( O7 Z5 h5 O; z6 e8 i- Q}; 9 J& j+ V+ M2 ~
int main(void) ) Q' ~& d0 c; L9 L/ b! z# y, h( Q
{ ( N6 q7 D7 \* a1 g
/* request auto detection */ 0 ^; Q4 P0 S: @/ t
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
* |$ G2 t2 _% P sint style, midx, midy;
! ~; E3 g1 ^/ p4 {int size = 1; U1 @0 s7 w$ T8 l
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ) n% ]" @8 B, O1 B# }0 Y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
4 K! Z b! {; B' m/* read result of initialization */
, Z G5 h4 O5 P4 h, l( C( zerrorcode = graphresult(); 3 Z% r6 b) s: O
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 F1 m" }5 J+ S
{
4 S1 P( O' J% j: ^# T. d4 N1 Q% cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
3 [0 E+ f0 `8 s6 ?+ Z% f5 B: wprintf("Press any key to halt:");
& n! T, ]0 n! V6 e$ o* ^! h/ qgetch(); ; W! M$ W* d0 @5 r( x: Z6 d' U, z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
1 Q# k1 n0 b: L9 A} 
# o' M) d" v1 d( {, Emidx = getmaxx() / 2;
. ?* y& o c& J3 J! E1 S- s' Q% smidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
2 S1 A$ t @/ h) Zsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
8 v% M1 Y! C5 r( \0 l- l4 V/* loop through the available text styles */
2 l( a* H) `" r7 F; v% Ofor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
8 x9 y$ W2 l, b1 {2 `{ 3 J; ]- W, o7 D/ b
cleardevice(); ) p# @; C9 {( \+ H7 [+ N/ U
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 2 Q* z* z& I$ o7 ~
size = 4; 
% W3 ?$ S3 A8 \. O9 i/ S9 P% x' a3 p/* select the text style */ 0 n) t* ?" e; N& E6 M4 P% P$ Z
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
 _; H9 G; E9 |6 | e* q/* output a message */ ! K# f" E3 a# A- i5 v* X
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 0 k% G; L$ F% Q2 j
getch();
/ W* B( l3 @$ H5 A8 H5 E! ?} 
, n, o: {8 I/ P/* clean up */
3 _5 m" ?) a& {# {1 J; qclosegraph();
1 N, G' `6 s& I5 X0 k% m5 mreturn 0; " r$ T" p7 T2 c |6 j ^
} 
3 m6 [4 G/ v' l$ O* |
" ]# B7 r/ M0 p
& w( {% \2 n0 Q" t$ t. F函数名: settime 1 Y D* A a/ t+ f+ a4 W5 g& c& [0 a
功能: 设置系统时间 ; Z/ s1 e9 ^. g
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); 5 ~' x, ?9 |1 {( O2 h! K" V
程序例: 
7 r! O; W0 G% j# |" J& n( X# R#include <STDIO.H># t2 L* u# }7 ^9 N @" q! O0 L
#include <DOS.H>" D; B: [' h& m5 r
int main(void) . M3 r0 d6 I* H: n
{ & q$ U; H& p: z! B" M
struct time t; 
# ^; I" Y0 P/ m8 Cgettime(&t);
* [5 O/ l% x0 J: A! \printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); 5 Q) B( s: `+ P
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour); + {# _9 j4 }4 L Y$ j2 H/ q0 ?# N6 B# G
printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
- b& ^8 \) Z( V9 |8 @! B! Cprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); # W+ Z! A- v+ K# j6 s
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */ 1 L) A7 t% h4 {$ R3 }
t.ti_min++;
0 O9 m; W5 I) M7 Nsettime(&t); $ X7 k1 a+ \! x, _
return 0;
0 F- ]9 x0 e1 W O5 _( w} - Z$ o& {+ r4 U7 S1 v+ M2 \8 _

, j7 k+ `/ W. j1 L6 ~ X7 s+ s
2 t6 o0 A# T3 k- `函数名: setusercharsize 
, b' E: J1 j1 Q) R1 N7 x功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度 $ w! e i$ T* f, Y% L# i
用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
% h! g2 y5 Y+ L% }$ f9 N. s程序例: 
8 |! c; R: E- @* f2 a$ R( w9 ?#include <GRAPHICS.H>
3 C& b5 p& }" B5 q( m; c" c! `#include <STDLIB.H>
0 c# R! m$ D* ^% P+ [#include <STDIO.H>
) S9 C' c! v4 N- `/ I#include <CONIO.H>" w+ S: t3 _! P! m1 X8 o# R
int main(void) ! ^; r) R, p7 @$ N% d7 t" @
{
) C8 C" \3 P/ l. |) W/* request autodetection */
3 L' ^5 G! T/ H5 Uint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
& e6 c, K) g/ T) V/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ; G" v1 o; J; P% G
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 j# s. Q/ |; P4 A r2 A
/* read result of initialization */
, c r9 t6 z' _/ x3 aerrorcode = graphresult(); ( e. F( [+ J7 a# `5 W
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
) R/ U5 B" `. d) \8 Z# @{
, n! L: ^" l7 ~/ `8 [' Dprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); * [6 S! j) X J8 z
printf("Press any key to halt:"); % L7 c3 q5 Y) E
getch();
$ ~6 n) y- }+ c8 J6 G* h+ e$ Mexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 8 H) s6 C* @: Y, m0 h- K r
} 
1 L$ w% C8 X" x6 r! W) j* X/* select a text style */ 4 V+ R2 t* g4 ~6 Q$ L# ^* ~
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); $ F) f. Q0 D6 ~6 g( u$ {
/* move to the text starting position */ ( t- R% J$ k3 \, b
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); ( ]: @# i; V M2 w) A
/* output some normal text */ + m. @: `4 M* _% O0 [& N4 A4 F. G
outtext("Norm "); 
! \9 E& |6 S- n4 L/ b/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ 0 R( n3 ^9 Q" R
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); . D+ m$ i0 Y7 Y* ~: r2 G0 g4 i2 ]% V
outtext("Short "); - d: m5 c* E/ |7 s
/* make the text 3 times normal width */
7 `2 a' K5 H" usetusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); ; ^$ k) B5 _. \3 e2 J, y
outtext("Wide"); 
5 i$ G4 R; a, |4 J1 s5 L/* clean up */ $ T s' a" K3 o6 o8 ~
getch();
" c' |0 y( I" w9 \0 D$ S/ {closegraph(); . |" b0 S o& \1 b" c
return 0; . g x% Q0 A4 p! t' I- k
} 
" T/ f* z: D2 E) _7 f4 @6 w# p* O6 q" \
函数名: setvbuf " Y* s. e5 n4 `- s4 z% {
功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 - y. ^# L, D$ f2 F5 U
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
4 H! k( q) a+ X/ J2 ]+ n程序例: 4 x2 F) z" X+ i2 O5 x5 V: O: @- O
#include <STDIO.H>
8 I6 C1 Q1 E$ b4 |/ oint main(void) 1 B( O$ ?$ k! M- G0 b5 c
{ 1 [1 a. D8 J' \. h$ Z8 L
FILE *input, *output; 0 R' T8 E* i6 G& w1 {( w
char bufr[512]; 
6 T3 \4 U6 {" _input = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
# H) Y3 e/ c* x+ Q) X7 E boutput = fopen("file.out", "w"); % S9 z# t; V) o4 k
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
5 _* M0 D, B0 z. `! Xusing our own character buffer */ 0 F1 N8 N$ N; B, Y" A9 ~* c% E/ Q, O
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) 1 f2 S1 w! X( Q2 ~, U1 N/ w
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n"); 3 g) e [, w" `& T a6 E
else 5 u1 A' Z1 c( }" G. b; n# c
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
0 t5 }. a- H# l4 s$ ?/ r9 f, j6 k/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
$ g* p* H- a; }/ m3 n( ]' O: D# [will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
! k/ ?9 }% J- G8 T' xif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) & l6 q7 y; R4 {. y6 d+ ^( J ^ w
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); / z" v, L+ L+ l# r. W
else
' ?5 R' n" e9 Xprintf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 5 h5 d# X( [+ E, @" k0 o
/* perform file I/O here */ 
" x, z$ W5 C7 x4 G# K4 L% k/* close files */
+ j0 w( j L `/ Y6 z1 Y) ]fclose(input);
% i! N7 [) ^, Sfclose(output); & l7 u: A* y" s
return 0;
1 ~( Z8 V/ ]4 B3 q& p+ l& Q}
5 J& G/ B' {5 {% F# |& Y9 Y
0 {0 O% ~" y( g5 J8 X
* s+ V- Y. _% j" G A {: i/ R$ z$ k5 k& o! b. }7 {- |- {
函数名: setvect ) y" d' K; n2 p, ]/ D* h
功能: 设置中断矢量入口 0 {1 S: [1 Q+ g1 S. {3 g
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
7 ~* Y) U8 a) [: E& o程序例: 
& |* x; g' n' ?# C2 h+ o( i( S/***NOTE: % Y( d2 v# l! r5 o7 \
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this 0 _2 h4 {$ G! e, P, T% O, Q) r
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable % S" A" ]; `# j
file which will operate correctly. */ 
" z9 @) T5 `$ b" O( w#include <STDIO.H>
5 C R1 ]$ L& d#include <DOS.H>6 v' V1 D3 T; e
#include <CONIO.H>; V# o4 T$ b. V% A: V. {0 O
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 9 b ]" b' W2 K3 M
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); $ }& L. E `! f. v( d4 l4 {0 G
int count=0; 
' p1 C; p1 M; b7 D+ R4 cvoid interrupt handler(void)
9 Y7 `3 @/ T2 P( F. H{ . C1 \) {2 x& M z% C
/* increase the global counter */
- I' u+ G* u1 \$ j Ucount++; 
. M1 p% e+ ?4 A% N9 y( n/* call the old routine */ 3 \$ V( a1 I* z& ~7 X
oldhandler();
5 M8 ^8 o' b i$ ]! x} # F% E/ V R8 u" T0 q
int main(void) 7 L9 j" i: U+ j8 K
{
8 M" X9 N( z( A" W/ O, S/* save the old interrupt vector */
. }3 ^& }/ I aoldhandler = getvect(INTR); 
4 E: B4 F- v+ j: {5 j/* install the new interrupt handler */ 5 N, ~+ b- U. M2 l1 e
setvect(INTR, handler); 5 z0 y: ? q, _, f) }, B, K( i
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
, L8 C" \9 N0 k* @/ N4 Cwhile (count < 20) ) G7 ?$ c# \1 U6 J% {( |4 c: h
printf("count is %d\n",count); 6 R$ ?7 X8 l8 P% y8 l
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
, g& U4 ~1 L. X0 bsetvect(INTR, oldhandler); % ]1 f5 D# r3 M
return 0;
- L0 a6 J' j9 S& M}
9 v+ l; i4 ~ a/ _7 b- Z3 r
2 M" j4 j7 ]2 ~% v2 q( c" @ H5 Q) d1 c# ]) O# f" X0 ~6 l
函数名: setverify 1 l& F* O! r9 J4 H8 L) e
功能: 设置验证状态 $ s1 V4 P$ s" \0 w- g+ X l
用法: void setverify(int value); ( E2 l6 ?3 a& f4 B; V! B
程序例: 4 B/ u8 h5 p; I4 I3 R4 d) P: E
#include <STDIO.H>- {6 h9 e3 U: y5 a2 _2 ~
#include <CONIO.H>% e, g8 ~$ f; q
#include <DOS.H>* [4 c8 u" }4 c) L0 {3 U* a1 h8 N( p
int main(void) 6 [1 b1 u: _2 ^0 i# ~
{
& N5 W5 m0 c: Y/ E8 H' r, xint verify_flag; 
9 D3 f% o! p3 ?3 Q' S0 _ eprintf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); 1 \+ f" l0 P5 j) M- |0 o
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
% S3 U) L' t4 R/ c( @verify_flag = getch() - 0; + |, J* P, X8 a- r* x# i! F
setverify(verify_flag); 
9 [4 o+ n; c6 eif (getverify()) ) Y) X0 m- o; |# B- N
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
: D. U" k4 j* q% V$ a6 Eelse , v0 |4 ~- G7 n5 P4 `; a/ S' b
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); . v' H7 e! u/ u: J: @5 Q0 x/ o* s
return 0;
2 I$ }0 \& j; T}
+ ]7 l8 e3 E, v: l2 M) ~0 L
 Q3 [5 U- Z( |# Z' B# R1 l
: p. C0 Q( J' G) y: m0 z, H函数名: setviewport " k1 s& p4 U' {% @% R: T/ j
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
& y, S# v, t# X% @( r6 ~用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right, % B( X8 v4 I. F+ D- q+ o7 u
int bottom, int clipflag);
4 x4 R0 ]8 f- G1 p) { k程序例: ; S6 U9 K. Q, ?- T. g
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
" @/ F! |. F" B- ^/ j#include <STDLIB.H>
# v+ K0 L/ N/ R2 q#include <STDIO.H>) Q# o8 M8 z, m F0 J% v" R s
#include <CONIO.H>3 ?9 n$ o" J2 f+ Y
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
0 y+ U& V" v" U$ j! T" @) Tint main(void)
- ~: g; h) `1 }7 V. p& y{
4 `& V& z. F# S! |* X" M/* request auto detection */
0 M( Z. H" ^) [8 l( |int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' b$ p# n& w( F; A
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
3 r/ q0 Z6 Z/ [* _initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 }9 d2 R+ E- E: Y) u( p
/* read result of initialization */
) \. O: ^ E3 T5 @1 |0 o5 }% perrorcode = graphresult();
0 D7 @& p4 B& l% rif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ + L9 S. P" x" r2 f, S
{
7 M' M" m7 b3 v( T6 m4 ], _. iprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 E% D) U. y% g/ Qprintf("Press any key to halt:"); & a+ X, [9 a' r, O7 l9 i
getch();
" @$ k8 b9 N2 Z1 pexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
2 l2 L- V& `1 |" @} 
 F, V9 M/ u) v8 e( Jsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
9 z1 y& {" N' ?' A2 g. }& y/* message in default full-screen viewport */ 4 x; L% N+ Y9 F* T8 m) _& X
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 2 c* x+ c1 F) u; ~! l
/* create a smaller viewport */
1 _% t$ Z% Z" A3 `; ?setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
4 S P' s+ m7 D1 p0 H6 F$ f/* display some text */
" n5 z# a- e6 A7 G5 o* i, Qouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 3 o! f2 B# u. K: l" j: C
/* clean up */ 9 u" \# m4 u: g: _& P& \
getch(); ; F4 ^7 R" i; l0 w, V
closegraph(); 4 c$ e! W% `1 ~1 _/ E7 L
return 0; ! a$ m5 z7 ^9 p' M& f
} 8 ?/ H7 G* d" {
! J$ I& g% @3 C2 i5 U- W1 S5 c3 O, N: G
. y- m7 F2 t' |4 T2 z* i
函数名: setvisualpage 
 E4 o d: z- s0 }$ j功能: 设置可见图形页号
; C$ O4 X6 w- [0 q. \% p用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); + {* p! }8 w; `
程序例: ; T s: v2 D* Y
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
: W, W3 q$ o1 ?& U9 _; L. P' Z#include <STDLIB.H>
5 E8 m) Z# A" G( Z#include <STDIO.H>
) x- [/ r& Q; e* b#include <CONIO.H>, m1 y; {' C& w% P2 A
int main(void) ) n2 ?, i' \( g( J5 }2 |# b8 v
{
/ T9 ?( ]" y) m$ @9 \/* select a driver and mode that supports */ $ x) j9 S4 o* X7 q, E' Z# F" t; a
/* multiple pages. */ : }; X' y1 \9 X! e: _, t
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; + @; B( R7 M6 z
int x, y, ht; 
& B+ x1 h: l- j0 p7 i' F( s3 }( E/* initialize graphics and local variables */
8 b+ Z( V) U; O( ?4 p T+ einitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 |9 L. e N0 O+ G! B/ w. s) g
/* read result of initialization */
( ]1 I: r! M/ b: U+ J6 m9 \errorcode = graphresult(); # b7 q& ~' _/ B u
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ) q( P* t, o. C' Q8 E+ H
{
 H" t0 t. ~- k9 q1 qprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
2 K3 P" u/ W, p+ E$ _5 Vprintf("Press any key to halt:");
, C/ |0 ?1 W) R* pgetch();
8 F: J' a8 \: u# f% b% A; Hexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
' L9 t% u2 k- O& R! E5 {5 a} 
: ^! m) b" V% w$ D0 x* z3 Qx = getmaxx() / 2;
! `+ h! D/ U7 p) y# Ey = getmaxy() / 2; / k: N8 f& d* t4 @( u$ l
ht = textheight("W"); % l# ?1 p) `+ g" P' |
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
5 m" u1 Z/ L, L! K# E# ]0 u. J& Zsetactivepage(1); $ g/ E. { o( ^! \! M
/* draw a line on page #1 */ 9 E( O( ~7 @ [/ D" @
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); ! A6 H! B' @& C9 i5 l3 J
/* output a message on page #1 */ & M5 I* z" T% I
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 6 q+ t, X8 c" @) J0 v2 k( w
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
6 w" P7 j4 B5 \. E) a/ Kouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
) j+ P1 h# ]. ]& q! M/* select drawing to page #0 */ ! L, ~0 W* d" U2 q/ w: [) R
setactivepage(0); $ H, B5 S4 O+ u# P/ O
/* output a message on page #0 */ ) U1 ?4 A o' ~# b3 y
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); 1 M7 T' K. |1 b3 B& ? F$ Q' W1 {/ b
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
1 v6 `0 V ? [& ~ N, ]getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */ ! ^; K& M* R' D S
setvisualpage(1); 
+ w; f, G' d- C/* clean up */
3 F0 g3 A4 N6 ?4 h/ ~5 i5 m1 E$ Ngetch();
: J0 |, l# J) b. \- qclosegraph();
$ g) h) K: A* H. Vreturn 0;
; `& }$ A6 Z0 R} : M0 z o# j( P" @* a, Q( X# ?" M

, y) L3 f2 O( Y7 j) g9 }7 U" h, f# B7 N/ @8 l w8 z7 M1 w
函数名: setwritemode ) u0 F$ M' [* b9 L6 ^
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 * h) q7 o4 J) {. i7 `; P
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); 7 [" s# Y3 w; k! T, E) r5 k# T
程序例: 
& {8 x+ x+ @) C#include <GRAPHICS.H>
& {9 o, ^+ ~& G#include <STDLIB.H>4 I7 n( W& I6 G. J
#include <STDIO.H>1 n3 l8 h/ ]& [1 G
#include <CONIO.H>, h2 s; X2 ^% u2 O- i) f$ D3 V( {
int main()
) ]8 S0 v' I5 x+ S; i. N{
: `. Z9 H$ ~4 r& |/* request auto detection */
) L. {: R+ @( `/ }* u. z" Bint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; & C0 Q7 N n8 a3 r
int xmax, ymax; 4 C" u2 ?. o% Y& F- s9 L/ m
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ + C! |- y; r2 x$ {8 u) g4 e
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
3 Y% A. a- A6 O4 a7 r- Z! s" U/* read result of initialization */ 7 [. v7 C5 b5 Y
errorcode = graphresult(); 1 j$ y; | U. K6 v# p5 ^
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 2 ~" w; [$ {8 |6 f# x# c
{
! D E, b* v) W. u. Dprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
' }8 `& |; C( w1 @/ o/ G5 gprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 5 _7 I! z- ~" T+ N- U
getch();
4 Q% M3 C9 s6 ~1 B/ Y. ?exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
* l/ Z+ j1 F G. {) r. g} + H1 i, q2 l" L: t. N
xmax = getmaxx(); . D0 r0 U& _! Y1 V* h) C
ymax = getmaxy(); 
1 y3 n! Y$ D$ h/* select XOR drawing mode */
- L, W, v+ u# m1 H7 N' e8 b/ q1 _setwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
# s! b ?! ~ b; p+ g9 X$ [/* draw a line */
$ {3 t" `0 W, K5 Z" _3 hline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
! A* x/ c6 b' W) G% Sgetch(); 6 Y8 q! Z; z& p. ^! [1 {
/* erase the line by drawing over it */ , O$ `, G# d/ z- L
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
+ Z I1 ]( K+ A; G& O% zgetch(); ! u% c6 Y' C4 j7 P) R. p( {
/* select overwrite drawing mode */
4 \( F, {% P: \! Q. I( Asetwritemode(COPY_PUT); + K, `# D+ x) X/ }
/* draw a line */
$ C/ Q4 A* Q7 n3 u! Pline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
/ b* v% R4 D$ b- w" g1 k/* clean up */ " {' E& S( Z. S/ f! o5 m' b
getch(); }2 g4 s7 ^1 V3 M0 r- @: f
closegraph(); 6 I" w+ P! ]; L$ o$ Y; U
return 0;
* z8 [- [* W" F% U: F( q}
' }2 \8 l' V4 L8 ]; g# ?3 o7 \( r8 X% q' R
5 a4 d; S" v j5 d
函数名: signal / }( U1 e- H: P% _7 E
功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 : {6 J. r5 |1 X, S/ C K
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); % ]- k- |$ w9 L7 f" _9 o1 d) F
程序例: 
+ e3 M. G7 H" \" E2 E/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
4 W" O1 U! `" o3 d. _catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment ! H' P' a2 q/ @$ h
to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause 3 f& z9 q9 ^1 m( @6 y
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
9 P: s& i7 P* `) w8 E" ndepending on which memory model is used. " s* j, H8 o4 D r: J" T
*/ 9 M( ~4 X% q4 p% v6 B) l
#pragma inline - c6 Y& a3 s- v, ]% h* i
#include <STDIO.H>
- Y6 Q) M$ F3 F; `' z5 [2 }7 R/ a#include <SIGNAL.H>) q$ I# H7 w; q, w
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
5 p) L( q/ q$ u0 W; @{
6 L8 n/ e0 z! s$ U% x) c- D4 }printf("Caught it!\n"); * ?- I5 e% j0 W" u! d0 [3 e% H
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
- t- ]& m3 ^/ {3 x4 Q} 9 m: s! `& h& N. Z) S/ o
int main(void) & L, S9 Z& k: M; T# E
{ ) A6 a- I% c3 I- r
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); ' g1 A. r. T4 C# `8 h8 l( \
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ 3 O' [7 i. B6 S* a$ i% q; }
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
( V2 F& c. `: U0 z) a& G& kasm into /* activate handler */ ) J% s, c8 q- j1 ]
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
" C# u% X Q+ H; w, Wthere would have been another exception when the next 'into'
0 j% w* `$ [2 ]( Ywas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */
0 Q4 A; R; N0 b6 Y2 ?asm dec ax /* no overflow now */ 5 x, `' j) Z: M7 @
asm into /* doesn't activate */
2 R7 [# r" C, _' G5 Jreturn 0; 5 A& `* r% `; s; {2 I( h8 S
} & P' Q; K* [, N+ H- a
/ m& s$ H5 p# g

# a( {" `+ T7 d5 l/ p7 O9 U( T9 X' ]* V# v# u. H: _/ k1 S1 _
函数名: sin % `. M/ M; e( }4 X: T+ u! l+ b
功能: 正弦函数
+ Y+ y f# @+ c$ p6 ?用法: double sin(double x);
/ j$ [- u6 C, @2 E( e* }程序例: 
, b. i0 K: I, m6 ^#include <STDIO.H>5 v9 l0 q0 A2 D3 q3 W8 h
#include <MATH.H>
# p# X M1 E7 ~3 j$ sint main(void)
9 G+ N2 \; U: c: c7 s% ^4 b{
0 G" V/ V- C' C; B0 {double result, x = 0.5; : C* d1 O( M) ]* d) H
result = sin(x);
! u' A5 o# ]4 Q$ iprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); . r1 I, X/ j( J
return 0; ! p+ [2 h- M4 |/ }, I; M# k- w" i
} % X0 z, Q* o7 K9 z- Z& [" X

" R; q( ^: u7 j# Q* K' X6 o
# x' s& W4 f% X6 d. A3 u- |函数名: sinh 
" y: B% z, d& D0 d功能: 双曲正弦函数
 ?# m% e1 b' y( d. l. n用法: double sinh(double x);
- C9 I# g1 K- q4 k程序例: 
; v. Z, G* W8 m2 [7 S/ T) N3 f#include <STDIO.H>
, O( O3 I& p$ \, g( G#include <MATH.H>
, s4 P9 v/ z) D# m7 dint main(void) - u1 R' N# k0 `5 }8 s; v
{ " x8 C3 d6 H$ `( m3 A3 t5 x
double result, x = 0.5; % f4 c: L* P0 L7 @) o
result = sinh(x); * u2 q8 o- Z' m" l
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
- V4 L: e) \- `& J" ?return 0; ?) ], A0 W& c& n
} 2 N" w, m0 B8 }/ S' [- n

7 p4 {9 {( J4 [) S& B, F% ?5 X+ b) c
1 ?2 e6 @. L& U9 X9 y5 x$ P x
函数名: sleep 9 d# S9 B! Q0 r
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 1 z4 h, D$ j3 Z& c
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
( P( o w0 T p9 k1 o程序例: ! S+ x. z9 a+ a: y2 s
#include <DOS.H>+ D# U. ~5 a+ f+ s* A& l
#include <STDIO.H>
6 I6 M( a3 _ f; c" \5 a/ }; ^8 E( Zint main(void)
% R, l$ s- }+ V8 L# M( Z{ + Y. h. L/ C$ n
int i; + n3 X5 s* U v2 I* X* F* U
for (i=1; i<5; i++)
2 @0 u7 x0 Z1 Z" N `{ " Q' l. O4 }! j: G" m
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i);
8 l. Z: R% `- q' t' `sleep(i); ) q0 d) K, q: x5 E1 N
} , v @' w( }1 c. Q) |' e2 f7 U
return 0; 9 g2 D6 R' D& E/ b/ _7 R! e* `1 ~
}
3 b5 `2 H# b5 \/ m' G
6 w) j8 P. B. A; g4 f }" n% N8 G7 d+ Z/ T' M
8 c: I6 Y6 D& U' f' |0 J# ]6 i% Z$ f
函数名: sopen 8 G, y7 A& V$ S
功能: 打开一共享文件 " u; k G; l4 a* z( @( p
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); + x, N8 {7 w0 l1 y! S2 t( A
程序例: 
' `5 p. z# s( x# k Z#include <IO.H>+ ^! ~2 |" T4 J2 x3 P, ^* H
#include <FCNTL.H>4 C( }/ z/ _5 }2 s. J/ y" A6 N
#include <SYS\STAT.H>! z7 W, M& R2 o& v
#include <PROCESS.H>, J$ Q& b; O$ v1 t+ ^
#include <SHARE.H>( K8 G' S- @ I- Y
#include <STDIO.H># M6 C2 Y$ I& {- ~" t, t
int main(void)
0 n6 J9 W) k% G! S h{ 2 `7 E/ ?! {6 _' w1 \) B3 Z& K+ Z9 W0 d
int handle; 4 n& F, H, o" x9 o. K0 Q" F- Y3 |
int status; 
6 B8 p6 M/ P$ e; ^3 e: I9 {handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); ' W. W% F3 K/ m, H- z7 ?0 ?
if (!handle) 4 \ ^7 \5 ?: v) Z+ {
{
; ^+ @3 B y/ w8 f; A/ v' R! g% f( \printf("sopen failed\n");
8 C! U* R( m& d& _- A: x" Rexit(1); + I Q9 I5 r; X
} 
: I& X# e& T. r# l" m+ lstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
0 u7 A& t9 y1 W" q3 q \* [if (status == 0)
5 S' ]+ J3 r3 I* X: `/ Kprintf("read/write access allowed\n");
4 v8 d6 ]6 {+ c/ b( [9 p# helse 9 Z. i/ p/ E. d3 x
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
; i( B9 ^1 q! k l. I. @" Jclose(handle); 5 C" A% e- ]* J3 J# s# A
return 0;
8 m5 J% @7 q7 ?" S}
5 B7 O$ X X8 x7 O: b- r* z
, f7 V9 z) z4 E8 ?# C
) i5 r, f* T2 f; o9 S
# a8 {& V; _- o7 k) Y, C函数名: sound 
+ H" M: d# q5 [ H4 A功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
; s4 q/ {0 _/ Y9 M5 @用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
5 {6 M7 \3 }# W% a K程序例: 
& L$ y( a* V/ }/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. % G' ]$ R) @) e1 u |2 L& E
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
; U$ ^9 X; o+ a& }3 p#include <DOS.H>
/ }4 B* u7 z4 ]- X/ d" Rint main(void) * z/ t7 b& L/ t; l" h& |- V. J
{ / `9 p; _1 \/ H' O, B, d
sound(7);
7 X0 Q4 V/ I% Idelay(10000); 7 j L) u; O( @! {. ?$ [9 j; x
nosound(); ' A% o2 h3 i4 J: }
return 0;
2 \' @2 G6 J( c4 S. y& C7 }4 M} 
 s# E$ Q! r8 D: V G `+ \, o: p3 Q* n, V6 `

$ m7 R; s* B% Q( `) L4 ^
: K4 i" S1 Z6 C" Y' A函数名: spawnl 
4 v5 I) u0 Z* @9 p/ K, ?0 E功能: 创建并运行子程序 ) W. I2 K }2 _0 W
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
( y9 V: [; Y# ^, t; r; i! a6 oarg1, ... argn, NULL);
* U: z! E) o, I( ~1 `( ^0 u程序例: % k& O1 g+ W" L& o. ~
#include <PROCESS.H>
1 p. g+ q& q# \+ `0 u#include <STDIO.H>
+ u+ s) L2 d- p6 l; ^0 N#include <CONIO.H>. K- U, g* F1 v# [! Q' m& E
int main(void) 8 `5 h9 \: j1 M U
{
3 V. c+ V* C; y: y* n8 o8 [8 dint result; 
- i7 f4 s) Q" I' n5 u+ R7 X2 Mclrscr(); # G9 _' B7 ?/ m+ k& a2 z6 q4 Z
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); " v4 b L) K/ a) s9 W
if (result == -1)
9 u5 T+ D* f! b; m{ 4 n- F% U ]+ I4 J- P! L4 v
perror("Error from spawnl"); 9 o: `6 c# l f& p, a
exit(1);
+ S# l5 D, d- }1 f I5 y! a} , G# @/ ~6 b4 d; O. A: r
return 0;
9 b9 E: j2 S# l$ q8 n1 Y3 c}
# Y" j0 i% S* a$ t
/ L6 y6 l( k; w# p" ` }# `9 N6 W2 l3 _4 U, j/ x
函数名: spawnle 
0 p( H ~: E1 F8 W' h功能: 创建并运行子程序
3 E l% C/ F0 {+ i用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, ' O. ]7 M U# G" s- j, Z
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
& M" k1 z4 F3 c+ K! Z程序例: 
- M0 `, M7 F3 `6 a; w/* spawnle() example */ d/ H7 @# C5 ?
#include <PROCESS.H>
; Q, x+ \6 |& ^! H: w2 P#include <STDIO.H>, x2 E. x( i2 m4 n1 Y( Q. i( I
#include <CONIO.H>! \ A) p7 E# C5 q" p+ j+ b
int main(void) # Z1 x% K7 B% ?3 M9 S; p4 m4 @
{
+ r! U8 `- i5 R2 G* f- Wint result; 
% |3 Q& Q) t9 u9 bclrscr();
' {: j, U9 j! Z' l& s1 Hresult = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
' n6 a' l( y: F9 |3 }& ?8 Mif (result == -1) ( C# B( c4 w1 f6 y% O5 \& g
{ + z5 Y7 p3 b9 x1 ~% T
perror("Error from spawnle");
* s1 P% R7 \) L' x3 U: G% Vexit(1); 6 J5 @! {; ?7 L0 {* O; S
} 1 }& D) n) ]* Y! s9 N! c6 _! s/ H/ N
return 0; 0 Q5 ]. @7 z* w9 h4 J& b% Q
}
# ~, M) {) i" Z. D' f$ x
9 p. F. K( l4 u) q. r$ x u, d0 |
 o1 d0 I& L4 u- _4 w
函数名: sprintf 2 W- n/ G- H$ o1 J! V: Q7 J4 [: G
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 9 y/ z1 t! D; ]5 Y, K
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); 8 m, z: H- y3 N2 t; P. i
程序例: 
7 F; x- k5 Q- b: L; K#include <STDIO.H>2 s9 u3 V% n8 K) O! v
#include <MATH.H>
- U- j$ `. v" i6 Lint main(void) 2 k3 ~' G. m h; K
{
$ W/ n: F Y3 u% Jchar buffer[80]; 5 B0 Z1 h# k' J9 r% x
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI); " h& _, y1 l) e
puts(buffer); : `* ~% ~, a9 r- r" d
return 0;
+ D: Y( W* X+ w+ ~1 c3 |* @}
( `$ w: P) v) s1 t0 r( P! e! t4 \7 R4 d P* @6 J

1 T4 D$ f: |* S( T' }5 S& {" v函数名: sqrt 0 q3 f& Q# Y4 K4 z6 z$ x! \' n
功能: 计算平方根 3 \9 T6 Z6 D9 R6 a1 O h0 ?
用法: double sqrt(double x);
& `4 J& E: o' w2 u( b程序例: 
7 y) U3 j2 f0 S9 L: [1 p d' }#include <MATH.H>
" g1 h' ^ A3 ~8 i+ K) r1 t7 `0 _#include <STDIO.H># W4 s9 U2 k9 c1 g, ?( m9 o
int main(void) % m4 o- o1 y9 s7 ^
{ , m$ Y8 k: d* ~& M3 [
double x = 4.0, result; * M! U4 J, U1 w& p3 |9 i+ o7 R
result = sqrt(x); * Z" S& z0 h0 S5 T! m
printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); , t: |$ y0 z. k! V$ v
return 0; ! }5 \, u) x: r& w) H& M+ N/ r; w8 }
} # e/ B: \: w; k2 U

7 s" D% H6 A: K' c函数名: srand 3 j/ n% f( R5 M5 `' p3 v
功能: 初始化随机数发生器
1 r$ m. s3 m6 |用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
; I( D p% y5 F4 s5 @程序例: 6 U1 a8 H% q; _. }2 m
#include <STDLIB.H>
( b7 U' ?3 Y! L! ]& \% [#include <STDIO.H>
& B1 J( W6 [: I#include <TIME.H>
2 D& h5 s' n ~# g# [4 eint main(void) + l: E7 q2 X8 i1 h0 j
{ 9 ^* I) P5 ?! e0 v1 c% }, @' m: s
int i; 8 q+ N( a. f& G2 j
time_t t; 
% t" v' U8 p* e- Tsrand((unsigned) time(&t));
5 m: I' ~9 r0 [7 b- Uprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
5 c" y! B/ w. z7 c& K; P$ [& Hfor(i=0; i<10; i++)
9 M' a' p7 C+ u7 fprintf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
3 F9 {( R) I, ^& Yreturn 0; 0 s6 m$ N4 S/ D9 e6 L' B" V
} 7 u1 m3 I5 D. `3 y1 W
* E7 d! T- z) w( ^1 o6 o' Y

: K2 s" z9 a7 Z函数名: sscanf 8 K% ^/ a" U3 P: J7 N1 B: r
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入 8 c1 q% R2 g- O c' L
用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
. ~# S }: I# m2 L程序例: 
% q7 N' }# X8 O( T% e4 y; Q#include <STDIO.H>+ v% w6 Z* G: ^ N) L
#include <CONIO.H>. G' t9 l+ L8 F( Y, t( q
int main(void)
 `" ?* g/ Y1 y{
% D: H+ C$ P8 _1 }; i9 u, [' Dchar label[20];
+ F3 J" i+ v0 u8 q# hchar name[20];
/ [7 h) {+ @4 W% k% w/ n) D }int entries = 0;
( r, A* t9 q x& [int loop, age;
- [; ?6 K1 ]) G1 t' y$ z, _1 Udouble salary; 5 m* i9 G& Z. `+ g# }, I5 K9 Z
struct Entry_struct
) k7 j5 Q. k6 o: i$ |2 }, I4 r0 N{
% m' a: n# t, d! |0 [! B `char name[20];
3 T' R) n9 T; h' O& p2 y: f! s+ Uint age; # S* S, d# a: |% y& K
float salary;
" ^. B2 O" o5 @' Q8 i; l} entry[20]; - a% n' N/ Y4 n# }, [/ q6 c( u
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
 F/ K; v7 [, M. s7 Pprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); # x d- I* f7 z/ p3 ]* C' C
scanf("%20s", label);
, a% ^9 [# [4 }( j9 w1 a- K( m" Wfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
. |6 U2 U5 N T* v/* Input number of entries as an integer */ 9 `" t; K. `( T: n6 `
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); : d4 Q' {3 s! t, P- `; m7 `8 L
scanf("%d", &entries);
' w( I$ I4 o1 R z' Kfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 4 S1 K2 a8 x$ E$ y* Y
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ , j; [0 s6 z* k9 |4 w
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
6 q: b; `, i& y# c' z {
8 |5 o$ S. R! J4 S) x5 A% fprintf("Entry %d\n", loop);
# a9 w) ^' T+ y @. Q0 C$ Eprintf(" Name : ");
" b, J% `1 R. I4 Y5 A5 S2 Oscanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name); & D/ x( H8 `' h- K& I3 m
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 0 [' x9 w% a0 \. b! Y
/* input an age as an integer */ ( ] V1 a- t. Z+ @
printf(" Age : ");
2 t* }# b% Y8 c2 D4 hscanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
3 B0 `9 R9 Z2 k/ c _fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ; p8 j0 b8 f$ M/ L Q; j
/* input a salary as a float */ ) {8 O. J2 S( g2 l6 W
printf(" Salary : "); 1 K7 c# _. {9 {- g
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
5 Y) Y: b; Y2 k1 ^; P# e1 ~: [fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ / k, `9 X2 X" F4 \) ~/ w& O
} 6 ]+ ~0 y; K9 d& J+ f" |4 {' k
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
; Q+ q( f9 d' O; v; A" ]printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
/ o4 y- I! V* y* y% m) r$ yscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); * F' Y) z5 j% q" f
+ k/ D/ d1 b8 t" u; `' y
/* Print out the data that was input */ 8 i' {9 D) J8 a7 {3 p
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
( f8 [* Q5 X5 f! A7 L* j/ r& T7 oprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); % N2 z7 i3 T8 K M9 c$ S$ L
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 9 \5 y3 p; ^8 k$ _* P5 }+ {& v# R
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
$ ^- c$ c' d" F# L+ ?. o printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", 2 l8 g/ j' O8 I# i: [* K
loop + 1,
- B0 p7 a8 @9 N, z1 B3 I9 U2 Tentry[loop].name,
/ a( K) Y0 y: i# K; j0 V" Gentry[loop].age,
# X4 S) G1 d" }* b/ B. mentry[loop].salary);
* z8 `8 E! D2 U% v0 g8 B6 }printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
' m" _( j: Q9 k1 v, Hreturn 0; ' x- `3 m3 u, [7 O7 o
} + [8 G f: f* H- y4 {, I8 p
3 w- @9 L2 W3 A5 m

6 U+ p; y7 c1 F函数名: stat ; ^6 B% _! |6 ^9 Q' P& Y9 B6 U
功能: 读取打开文件信息
3 o( u- C; A a. p' p4 l* U7 g% V! Q用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); ( Z- |" E7 \, t5 j6 |
程序例: 4 u# a7 U& V* y( c" q0 @
#include <SYS\STAT.H>. P+ \1 K/ @' I/ ?
#include <STDIO.H>; |3 B: Q$ W+ b! t' K
#include <TIME.H>
: r1 ^& ]% E6 j4 H- b1 W( t#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 9 D- G1 _/ D( D% g0 J7 ~
int main(void)
& O, Y0 X9 @2 f/ I+ Q3 n/ v( V5 N{ : B, }' R4 T7 ?( ]
struct stat statbuf; 0 @% m G5 I$ R! r; h
FILE *stream; 8 G5 ^0 \8 G( V- u' h, j+ a
/* open a file for update */ 8 m0 ^. O3 ~4 e }8 m# ] N
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL)
. ~6 Q) T; Q! e4 i K{
9 ? c( b* f- M! v, Afprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); $ N4 i6 d; Y) y) F" [: e1 z; }
return(1); - [5 u+ r" }, X; t/ M
} 2 L+ }' y! v% E8 g4 X
/* get information about the file */
. V+ E c! `+ r# F4 p6 `stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); . [: ?$ B0 Z7 k
fclose(stream); 
" A& z: ?! ]+ P* x# L9 u/* display the information returned */ $ c# a6 ]% P9 a$ m7 f5 P
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) 7 G$ g) Z, B) T: R9 r( Y
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); 3 i6 \8 r, x: u# [ V
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG) 5 Y. P: Q% P" Y0 d1 ~
printf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); . \% ^% k% A8 u4 [, u( J U! s% P
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) - f3 Q# b, g2 q$ B: f
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
3 H3 \3 l- n+ O* Z# zif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
5 g8 k5 X4 r4 V# X2 Iprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); # G) ?1 I! D+ |
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
/ Y) @; a" G6 p; e: Q Bprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); ' b0 n$ m3 ~0 h( `' X) M
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime)); ! Z! K: Q: J! p2 [: h& k% K
return 0; 5 D6 [7 a# H% f3 x- V& p+ m
} 0 A7 H& w& D; ~# `

4 ^4 K4 L! L0 ^1 J* U7 i) S
 ~7 t* _2 w5 J, k/ }" W, z
; F' y$ @' x3 U. u& ?& }& v函数名: _status87 
9 h" h1 M2 w w. y9 n( E. i功能: 取浮点状态 8 T7 k1 y0 p* a
用法: unsigned int _status87(void); 8 v! L$ |& f* M0 U; z6 b& R
程序例: 
0 [3 H5 n. `) p/ b' C: y#include <STDIO.H>* _6 v0 G3 Z `- M" r
#include <FLOAT.H>) Q9 ^) x0 V$ p
int main(void) * r4 q. Y0 I n2 W
{ 0 j1 s+ k+ M& ^2 j8 Z! y2 C0 Y, q
float x; 9 L3 q6 [* M4 n7 A# I9 K
double y = 1.5e-100; 
: r4 H* M7 {8 F" }printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 
 e0 r: d! ]/ A( x2 [" |3 S- P' W+ @x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */ 6 U8 Z1 \' u o0 T$ h- R% D( H
y = x; ! h) q, o F: c. |( }# J2 i
printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); ! B* z' q: R# N9 u K$ O- v
return 0;
, W7 h* P, o2 X. Y; j} % {5 w4 l0 ?; W$ G( T* d! X
0 Q, b/ G8 e7 F2 F8 r% o

% ^% o+ n2 C/ O X3 l2 u9 D函数名: stime 0 P, B5 @- [6 c: g- [; C# X7 v
功能: 设置时间
4 S5 Y+ f" t" f1 W用法: int stime(long *tp); 9 U/ N) W9 h5 e. j [) J4 E
程序例: + D. K: q( E A
#include <STDIO.H>1 r" w5 D3 `: V/ M$ ]6 z
#include <TIME.H>
7 _7 d- q8 }- j% V* t#include <DOS.H>. n* i) \4 W3 o& _: N
int main(void) 2 V5 q7 m. [. h- ~. Y. z
{ 5 M% w0 P( Z: K8 A$ H
time_t t;
0 f4 R! P& x6 p! V5 c3 v, mstruct tm *area; 
* O) U/ A; O2 B6 F; \t = time(NULL);
, q" n& b" l% E1 Warea = localtime(&t);
% |* {( P6 x4 ]( j2 W: rprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
+ `! I/ a) z, p1 n# c. qprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
/ r% V3 [5 O+ Wt++;
" |0 I: B9 B/ `- o; z: p. V2 Warea = localtime(&t); 2 e( K9 X( C1 T# t
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
4 B- O1 a$ l. J9 m kt += 60; / C% p1 h2 y4 t
area = localtime(&t);
1 y" t% d2 n' n* [printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); ' N8 I0 p2 N- `$ @/ I
t += 3600; ' i4 A4 {# O/ }& Y: G% O
area = localtime(&t);
. b$ A) D0 a1 _ g+ I/ \printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 1 X$ i7 ]* U& f7 J& N. A
t += 86400L;
( X7 D$ ^! ]; |/ xarea = localtime(&t); 9 H# f7 f# J6 h& b% o+ T$ C
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); * e' Z, v( ~2 \& P1 F% S0 w, o
t += 2592000L;
4 m4 ~5 K) |8 i: V- s' Warea = localtime(&t);
9 G8 X R# s6 f7 Z1 oprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 0 p1 f- Y+ U J
t += 31536000L; + X, e, n$ n( M3 L" S5 `. J
area = localtime(&t);
: K9 l6 f1 U: Z0 I7 D- yprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
1 k" z. V/ N9 e0 p% S6 h3 {; }" [4 xreturn 0;
; g4 e0 A& z! w/ r, ]* K1 W) S} # `5 `+ S X9 O7 P5 z5 B4 L! E
. t' p5 c: o( ]/ W* v0 v# y
6 u, f, D: T" S4 h2 l+ r

! l$ u" N8 N4 [7 p5 U0 K/ [* u函数名: stpcpy 9 G4 t- Y. b, ?1 R' T. w; b% d
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
, x$ {# R: E, [8 q; N用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
- C2 y4 [3 X2 F, Y& [程序例: g3 s' x5 w4 x
#include <STDIO.H>
* ^. `$ {( H; m7 I#include <STRING.H>; A6 X( s: O/ j; d% ~
int main(void) * o5 ~7 h' |5 k: X
{
! s6 @4 j l% x+ _1 }; z8 Wchar string[10]; 3 ~' H+ d; \( {
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
/ B1 W' ~4 U7 v9 ]stpcpy(string, str1); 4 c, w* r4 I8 I) K
printf("%s\n", string); : R+ \9 y! n. F9 P5 W. t o/ ^: ]) Z
return 0;
$ [ N x5 n, E8 V} $ K: e5 j+ N- I& O
2 u) ^# x$ v" B' _: D0 ^+ N0 x
$ C# X5 w M% O
+ s3 h' ` C9 L0 ^0 ~
函数名: strcat 
; L; j7 x9 U5 [1 u% O功能: 字符串拼接函数 - ]5 M+ n8 e8 P% F( ]2 n s
用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
+ a5 e" K3 v N5 w; E程序例: 
: H% U( q! @, g( f/ |: B. e8 j#include <STRING.H>
* ~: w4 q; }% I5 _#include <STDIO.H>
& I# X b! M, H+ U( dint main(void) & v1 V% X4 l6 j) o1 _3 ?! w
{ ; e9 X9 F2 j1 \/ x( b
char destination[25]; 6 o+ l1 A7 k) l' i3 W5 @
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
/ ^5 r* N! Y# `* i9 g+ {+ F1 \. U/ Nstrcpy(destination, Borland); - C% ~* A2 } [+ I
strcat(destination, blank); ) @" I: \: F" `& K
strcat(destination, c); 
# S# Z6 O% E# x- Z' Qprintf("%s\n", destination);
: z7 C# M& V) H; }1 ?* ^return 0; & \: X- n6 x6 U; V
} ) l- z: }# y8 U3 K. G
2 t% N1 D2 r7 R

6 Q% ~- a! m& I- ~) N3 e2 w. X0 a3 t/ O4 |5 E a- ^
函数名: strchr 
" e. ?# N& }4 W* y" M, B0 \功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ / {" H n" M5 {* T
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); % P5 @+ h$ G% O+ G& [+ m( g }
程序例: 
6 j6 p2 t5 j, T( Y) J! `5 {#include <STRING.H>- }2 ^' q4 M! L/ c q6 d! l
#include <STDIO.H>
& _, A# j$ H5 g f3 [ Wint main(void)
; @$ Z; e U2 u! D+ `( Q{
! |. C" m+ W+ K, Hchar string[15];
1 ^$ d/ c5 f5 O, j- C7 Achar *ptr, c = 'r'; u% o2 b8 b# @+ ]4 _
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); + X4 K4 s6 r' L6 D8 \) L! O! N* ^
ptr = strchr(string, c); 7 ?1 U5 j2 q2 x- m
if (ptr)
: {* [) K# w) L4 j# Eprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); 9 ]! _8 b3 e( `# F3 G0 |
else 8 i; J$ @5 X! w' u0 i- |
printf("The character was not found\n"); - X5 u) ~3 v, l! P! b- L# T
return 0; / P, E% {* @# f& `
}
# ?; Z0 C% B1 y' ]+ C. X5 G/ c9 { b( o- M. {' A2 T
) i3 x9 ~' C; X3 X
- ~* @; L" Z* R [$ U/ D
函数名: strcmp
1 d9 V) Q/ j* P9 f3 ^" g功能: 串比较
# n% a$ ^! h" D& \: E' C% E用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); \' T! i1 j* K/ {( V9 f
程序例: 
: G0 B7 C4 S% f; a) C, ~1 h#include <STRING.H>2 n1 b: k+ ^! \5 J. R
#include <STDIO.H>+ _, a) T, \+ w; s6 z
int main(void)
: ?. h, S8 q. U( e% m3 }{
% u$ i. _5 x# ~- {9 V* M4 Lchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
; J1 |, z: x' {/ Q) Vint ptr; 
5 ~! B, }8 C% z# n7 H' @7 Bptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
) I: R) F* [7 z2 d' R2 E v1 [if (ptr > 0)
& ^4 ]% u2 H6 Sprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); $ A. p+ F& l8 C V8 ]' [, s/ A
else
. b. P4 u7 P& k" R# v1 |; w1 Aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 2 t9 {3 f4 o( M) O0 v z
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
5 t! Q% y6 |3 t) O qif (ptr > 0) 4 w0 C9 R( V0 y$ B, u
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); ! d& ~; L X- y% S+ [+ ]( L- [
else
2 t5 a# O" I7 `+ gprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
; o& N; U, d" V- s# xreturn 0; $ E& X/ f' E: h! k; o- u8 c; |
}
5 K- o, ?8 C& I1 x5 I) K$ E! p' }+ E9 V/ @" w
$ A3 D4 A' v1 P6 C, Y3 H! f" b) \: j/ T

! t. Z! j! r9 k9 Q函数名: strncmpi 
4 u c `9 U. C( X$ i# L功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
1 K% y" {0 K' j6 Q用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
 {6 B+ C8 S0 w% f5 L# j) B程序例: ! A6 P. ?( A1 h# o7 D9 ?
#include <STRING.H>
 j4 Y8 }" F2 H#include <STDIO.H># [6 H: l2 r; p, _
int main(void)
$ e+ q. N- m6 d; O" l' p* G P{ ; v9 r- K. \ u8 J; |
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
0 J, O8 R# X1 `int ptr; 
3 b' e# e" x9 Tptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ) ?8 D, w) W* Q
if (ptr > 0) - W) @& E5 j+ ?
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
, Y$ G" t) V5 x$ d7 \) E, P/ Gif (ptr < 0)
# f8 O0 T7 V7 K- L g% Aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ; g6 t$ l+ I" m! D- r5 t
if (ptr == 0)
8 X9 M0 v: ]0 o2 _4 K: k( H; tprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); # C C5 f3 Q& E$ Q
return 0; 9 j3 T3 N, w2 |7 ~4 x
}
. P. G; I( B2 {; s; |8 K# O+ L, A1 s
' ?$ {6 K! s( P7 @6 h% G7 r
. p3 z( d9 [2 ]4 v8 O0 ~& B2 y
函数名: strcpy ; l/ R! g1 u- K" i- A- E7 C0 R: G# @
功能: 串拷贝 ) W4 `( Q% J( P* \: R
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
 V+ O2 G8 c: k8 X( N程序例: 
" l. z% ^+ ~" E2 J. ~. A#include <STDIO.H>6 j4 d; S, H! M. r% p" s/ ?
#include <STRING.H>0 E z, t, S4 C$ e. }' J
int main(void)
3 g) D1 U( J8 c2 [$ j p& b6 A; M4 g{ ( N/ T" U% P: C" L6 @: }
char string[10]; 4 F2 p6 u' n+ q) I
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 7 q* T! K" X! O% D
strcpy(string, str1);
( ?( [5 Z2 ?2 s) v4 F3 y Yprintf("%s\n", string); 8 g2 r; X) x3 Y U5 l
return 0; 7 @; ^6 K$ V* \5 }' x/ B5 O
} ; H1 q; O! E9 k4 {

2 q$ K6 t! B0 P( d Y. |( f. v9 { h! `0 d
: Z) Z9 v7 j9 a# y$ z9 t" t
函数名: strcspn ) S5 e; K8 I8 k
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
( |" Z3 e! Z* D8 S$ D C4 G用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
: A6 p* M. ~; g9 X A) e+ v程序例: 7 ?; A, N! l( @) d$ m7 `
#include <STDIO.H>
7 F c4 J; p: i- L9 z8 E' f#include <STRING.H>
' m6 E. I9 Q% A- J& x/ W#include <ALLOC.H>
: p! F: E! h- _$ Bint main(void)
1 `$ y/ _: x& r4 ?9 B8 K{ & x! r2 b7 B9 A% A6 n; Z. a
char *string1 = "1234567890"; D- M: O1 Y' `, L
char *string2 = "747DC8";
9 Z3 O, ? {% f0 M+ C" S9 T! oint length; 
. P9 R( z$ k" S; J alength = strcspn(string1, string2);
7 q$ D; M3 w7 ^printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
return 0; 1 J$ |" m" D7 P2 S# e; g0 w% }1 Y
}
- ~" D" I, }( P# ]/ Z" G5 p) g. j& \; K& T" a8 r, [* r

7 |1 t! I6 Y7 B' z$ u- J
' @0 m; I1 H4 |$ s函数名: strdup 
& c+ Z" f8 M: V8 P+ J功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
9 y: ]! m4 c' c) V0 n- A用法: char *strdup(char *str); / }# i' p3 ^8 J" _" U4 x
程序例: * l3 u6 w3 @4 u. u9 ?' Q' y0 L! f
#include <STDIO.H>
3 E" B6 }9 D( L9 e; B2 M/ y#include <STRING.H>
# y( G0 J* l: |7 r9 v4 S2 P#include <ALLOC.H>
/ A1 s5 j, O& S# L) Z P- Nint main(void)
1 |% _1 \0 K4 S J6 o; l6 n{ $ m9 _- d4 Z/ R7 A% ?9 M
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; + s9 q" m: H. O! f# _
dup_str = strdup(string); " { u% x! y. k) `/ X
printf("%s\n", dup_str);
) A; S& M b4 ?; O. p; C; h* ]! I) Dfree(dup_str); & g2 z5 i) `' [' q& Z
return 0; " t) [6 c |; L3 n) Y
} $ @5 }. v* \; _

3 l$ r& h4 ^0 \+ p
9 ~2 t) Q* y3 K3 e) F
$ t* L2 j4 |7 @/ K g函数名: stricmp 
" v& n p, _, c% B5 G: D功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
. | V3 C; D. E0 L( i- \用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); 9 A+ D2 Y; O" p" g, I; m
程序例: 
, D2 z2 i, [- C+ d3 ]: u9 Z0 A% I#include <STRING.H>) i4 Y/ q2 {2 }
#include <STDIO.H>
4 Z+ b/ d* d6 J, ^# M1 oint main(void) $ U5 ]: m; w% f# X
{ 5 }3 c! B0 w2 ~0 k! b
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
( z) e, S' z1 {2 S! V/ Pint ptr; 
: O5 E0 z0 O+ `# G3 O! fptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
" b/ u7 g' E7 p2 V$ L" i$ [, d% Kif (ptr > 0) 4 {* r: I+ m4 a
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 0 X; X, [, i, g# X$ z0 l! @
if (ptr < 0) " k, h7 C$ V' m: K! y
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 0 c- S! O2 S. t' L
if (ptr == 0) * q* n* g9 h! M; g
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
0 l0 f% J. a' Q! A! L! W! j+ G% `# {return 0; 2 A$ {& V6 v+ T: ]( z' ]/ Q
}
2 @' o/ J5 S( e4 K( V* N: }
* E6 g% Y0 ]. I: b: o; H6 B: x# M/ {7 q: y" d& z g
函数名: strerror 
$ }4 H/ C' o1 ?功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
; b! [. m; G0 h1 K/ x用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
! k; \1 s* a- e: F9 s: H: {7 M2 v程序例: 
: W0 [5 g9 X5 J# K* q/ R#include <STDIO.H>3 B8 z8 M7 z; @/ d6 k, d
#include <ERRNO.H>& g3 f6 K* ^. i$ \! R
int main(void) ; o9 [ X0 R }% C. I( v
{ & A( G% Q) y7 v( f
char *buffer; # J1 H. s8 P9 J, m0 t
buffer = strerror(errno);
8 I- }4 g. [4 j; U Z/ ?printf("Error: %s\n", buffer); : B4 w% O& H( Q' J$ v4 g4 o
return 0;
% H; h6 K0 s! d& j& ]: F}
5 b! K8 D B. ^/ J4 t2 C8 v: J8 t$ n7 P, v: r% ]
5 C& J6 `) \8 q# n1 m; [
% K6 E v: E: F1 o4 h# c
函数名: strcmpi - X" ~3 w" G: v' I& M/ p
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 - S( U/ U+ b, d" d- V
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
5 j7 {% }" X+ }+ h程序例: 
0 I) Z% C8 X. M/ p#include <STRING.H>
9 N9 r' V4 f' A0 Y _. l3 D; W#include <STDIO.H>
& A3 \" F7 l7 a3 fint main(void)
: ~2 U; S3 T/ e, z' r{ ; V+ M1 Y4 s/ ]" M
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
) A% Z+ T4 F3 }, ~) xint ptr; 
+ K8 x6 g) m; R8 Wptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
' [8 ?* Z; v8 `; X% l7 bif (ptr > 0)
# Z2 b5 w: O/ _4 bprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
) b; E5 D4 n' I* C# bif (ptr < 0)
8 K% S# u# e" G6 ?printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
- p2 u" S) |" ?2 A$ ?* gif (ptr == 0) - }: `& B# b5 }
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
! n7 m4 P F- Ereturn 0;
- I& m2 U2 ~) u7 F6 I/ Q} Y. _% G* n3 L

3 F3 z* n4 S4 e0 u$ o! U2 h2 \6 h) j# G" J6 b4 u4 x$ L% _9 D

5 O% t, X+ b7 K函数名: strncmp 
% d$ f* C0 p c/ o功能: 串比较 ' f$ Q& W2 }4 O" p, y
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
$ x9 W% Z* b( i r( ~1 V: U* _" ]程序例: : Q6 |6 t7 h% ?. H( @" e
#include <STRING.H>
' o: X$ ^! s- G: b: D$ z+ [+ I5 u#include <STDIO.H>' q* T3 }0 Q5 }- F. \
int main(void) ! K2 h" K: ?! \ _$ a; X7 z6 W( }1 c
{
$ N0 j) W% b8 g6 O% B4 i+ d7 Tchar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
2 p+ T5 @! f ~- Y2 H( F: Q. oint ptr; , K2 {" H3 @, K2 c9 z5 Q) x+ k. [( c
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); 8 C1 r" w: t. T" I& p8 n f" L
if (ptr > 0)
6 x3 x! t% h$ Z1 k2 uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ; t5 A# @4 \3 X1 A6 e
else ; C) X; A% U; M. {9 G& b0 m
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ( A4 z4 L% \0 ?$ _. l# n
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
, @9 b G/ s; T- d1 F) iif (ptr > 0) + }* a, M) o8 R' c% w. M U2 X
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); ; @, {' v ]: y3 ?
else # |% D2 C j4 }) e$ v
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 2 {" b7 L/ N; Q# l' o
return(0); ! r% S$ R7 ?/ M3 M: L- q1 V
} " {) T; c# ]5 {9 m+ m, U2 u
' R/ x7 T, X* G8 |# h$ ~) E
* L% Y+ i/ M7 P9 H) q4 ?
函数名: strncmpi . D9 g/ O8 Y7 _* V
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
( W# O) m3 G' p" f用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); ! U3 D+ C, v% k J
程序例: 4 O# W# r4 _, _9 {% n1 [, P' c
#include <STRING.H>
) o& Z$ p# c3 g: D+ Y0 p#include <STDIO.H>& m$ r+ B6 z* m+ [0 z
int main(void) + K6 n- ?( p& e( D
{ $ X- C$ X) d- p! p* B$ z7 x" B( P$ K
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
int ptr; & N: p* t8 W: G W! b
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
$ v3 |4 B+ A* t9 T6 G0 h' xif (ptr > 0) 7 m& ^) D' j- p% ?& T; b+ \
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ! V- k, ?9 m% |; w7 T. C5 W+ H- _
if (ptr < 0)
0 M5 ?* s0 h, o, [& Lprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
; d5 h3 C* l( x/ ]# ^if (ptr == 0)
3 }/ f; g- s9 A2 pprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 4 K' I* c; q: i2 l* f) X) T: x
return 0; 
- Z" C4 q* }- m* n, v* T+ |( {* j}
* U9 S' c _% u9 @8 Z- \9 [
, ]- r/ U- ?# a! D
3 |. b) c8 g% a- p R- H* Y8 D4 b函数名: strncpy 
8 J7 p, M+ G# W/ F0 w; [* v功能: 串拷贝 $ B! W, q4 \+ Z* ^( j* v0 x& o
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); : t2 H% b0 W. t, m. v
程序例: 
. V' P; Z6 C: C/ D#include <STDIO.H>
6 S8 c: }- h' V; B$ y+ B#include <STRING.H>
6 t5 R; h* Y1 y$ |) b% Aint main(void)
0 I# M+ @; e" S) ?+ L$ |# Q{
. t4 B& Z$ E, a& A! nchar string[10]; 9 P6 y' r. w+ @, \+ r1 R. V# n
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; ( i. m8 Y- ?9 [! x
strncpy(string, str1, 3);
: F' v) A4 ?! |- ]- `string[3] = '\0';
7 ^0 @/ H* h5 T6 B* K! c1 t/ p$ mprintf("%s\n", string); * X$ u/ I: k4 G+ e6 W
return 0;
) ]8 d# s. y; [1 n. y}
0 t) V v+ i I% L5 P- w
- \. j% A6 S- ~# c5 j [
* R8 c5 Z2 |" G ?函数名: strnicmp 
8 o! `. O9 C* z1 l9 |, _功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
8 X8 T1 @# E8 ]* j; g1 O用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); ' `. _" V' Z' w) b
程序例: : V' A! N, p& i6 b
#include <STRING.H>
% ?. j) s' W. e9 }( ?#include <STDIO.H>3 m3 w& u3 R( s( ?4 w; F! F
int main(void) # Y1 r0 {6 y: K
{
; L$ O1 g. S! h3 f0 E0 Cchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
2 e0 Y+ p8 ~* y: Mint ptr; 0 i$ ?" I5 d! Y
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
) @4 B* z% f+ I( d! h2 ^1 [if (ptr > 0)
8 ]5 f% M1 J! r; wprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); # f6 K$ g, N& b5 M' x) i% z' u
if (ptr < 0) " J* j+ u0 H. |1 g
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
& f0 c# F, u+ O6 aif (ptr == 0)
4 |; u0 D; i' c) v- o! Bprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); : u$ [4 U8 `' q$ W" q4 ~
return 0; / p+ ?3 |- \: ~. E/ G" b
}
- k+ h8 B6 L2 l" ~
" o$ i2 O$ H. {7 r
; \" M2 o n3 v% n; N6 C7 J/ i2 a( C) G2 I7 D4 p$ }" E- r
函数名: strnset 
+ o7 x# b0 \/ ^8 J, w功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 ' W, P! ~) b) [ f8 I7 P! W6 L6 s
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); 3 S- y F! X, q/ ]( N
程序例: , O4 _& i# Q6 i6 \# h T! m* Z
#include <STDIO.H>
5 L- ~0 V4 F; B: }#include <STRING.H>, ]/ n& v# m( X. |
int main(void)
$ k; G. w2 ^) I, ^$ `+ q$ F{ & m% l1 ]" Z! _" X5 R
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
& r, @+ V* p o6 _; Schar letter = 'x'; 3 ~1 g& E: n0 U0 H) U6 ~
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string); . N( \. p! G6 s
strnset(string, letter, 13); 4 O; y8 j4 ]& A' O
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
1 P& y* D- n/ j5 l0 R* nreturn 0;
, a) e' f. I8 f/ J% G}
% |# f# Y3 R& Z7 i+ G
) N; l2 E- z- b' l. }# i' Q: \# H& |4 P
函数名: strpbrk 
6 T" a% l/ m; U$ A, U功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
* L" a, B9 y! C; d用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
7 `) ?% ^& S) e7 L n2 e3 z* Q4 B9 C程序例: + r+ L3 P' k& i6 `
#include <STDIO.H>/ O, O" A# T+ g" ]2 `( F/ b
#include <STRING.H>
$ j7 y' g; @$ t+ K3 [int main(void) ( ?1 H. l, A0 u& J& b
{
3 b- L& h4 |! dchar *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
2 j% Q) L8 F5 D2 H+ w8 ?4 pchar *string2 = "onm";
; q8 |) k/ O, [char *ptr; . s( O* w% N! b4 L- t. ?
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 5 q0 @! h! l- Z/ h. b: S! I
if (ptr) + o2 J; v4 {# o% A6 W/ t
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); * X7 ~$ X) Q' | | Y! N7 e: a
else 1 L# [7 I4 f Z
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
& X9 O8 |1 z# |$ N- Y" D, Zreturn 0; 4 e8 E) t/ K, c2 u, p+ L
} 9 z! a, ]2 a! O6 n
' L' G! r8 I2 w% X8 I+ z1 b7 u
. a8 J, r q9 b5 [- O; ^3 ` m/ c
" q4 Q; b% [: |$ M* E. |
函数名: strrchr 
6 ?. T$ n& D- ~5 b功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
* G' K* @ x& }/ a5 ]) q. ^0 N用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); 5 l, K( |' o$ Q
程序例: ( A6 {1 [7 p3 }4 x* ~' u E, n
#include <STRING.H>0 y, |0 Y7 u g* E' L) f6 X
#include <STDIO.H>
1 O; c& [$ r W- i" hint main(void) # r- Y2 p8 \" Y% J) p6 W
{
( k3 y- X/ c$ m. R3 W k2 n) [char string[15];
1 G# k& h q% c9 W4 y* W# V0 jchar *ptr, c = 'r'; - S/ \: l2 `$ m. [8 ?
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
' G" V/ H0 w4 r6 r! z& F- B- Gptr = strrchr(string, c);
/ Z/ o- [2 i/ o" fif (ptr) 7 D2 @9 w' P) G
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); 9 Z/ y+ w! a" ?9 c, i6 r
else # o; I7 m8 v5 @5 q3 ~
printf("The character was not found\n");
4 p% A, Z. z5 n$ \* }! f2 J* Areturn 0;
$ F& Q" [. u2 c9 Z! p: ^8 z; T} 
- G7 c, Z8 o( Y/ g- x2 H' [/ P% y d% U/ e

* j* K7 o4 B" F" ~+ D1 C
, G; N; t0 R4 B5 J2 C3 j6 d# P2 C函数名: strrev 
* O4 s- Q: e! c* D功能: 串倒转 ' b% {0 X# K" W5 l3 U$ ^8 x
用法: char *strrev(char *str); / m C0 q- M( j! E8 U" L5 x+ f
程序例: 
4 @" u, Z% e) d. a#include <STRING.H>
5 z2 r& c F l# ~#include <STDIO.H>9 q- c9 W; y. D3 d
int main(void) ' y! g }! V; m( M/ q F
{ , X( ?% X2 n w
char *forward = "string"; 
, b8 y/ h+ z* O# Y. fprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
, Z/ q- U" D& Z7 p6 o3 k Ustrrev(forward);
3 w* V" |" [/ g) H3 T6 |printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
' H5 A: Q h$ }) j! B) E4 Ereturn 0; 0 Y/ N1 j% U' }3 g1 L+ i+ i I1 h
} 7 R6 N* {' u; D$ ^/ M/ P! N

2 b7 t+ z/ t8 G4 e3 u+ @函数名: strset 4 L. {/ t% g; h: k, {; X& W0 W A) j
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 1 l/ v# @6 {7 j- ~" W
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); * L7 c b6 L6 V
程序例: * C6 N$ _& e5 |2 p; p8 a2 A/ _
#include <STDIO.H>- H* B0 D$ v/ M0 S- e" S* m
#include <STRING.H>
4 A2 s" ]9 b& U+ g w0 f% l }int main(void)
( D r) M' C2 H1 s; I; Y ^* C. b{ 5 |+ E( z5 a* c: k |/ [
char string[10] = "123456789";
9 i% o! W, K3 A }2 Ychar symbol = 'c'; 
: L, x9 E# ^+ S: [2 ^4 Yprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); 2 ~, y4 A) ]7 h: Z. b9 Q
strset(string, symbol);
' C' p+ v8 k) d3 r( z- dprintf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
# @- o. v' b) j, G, t. breturn 0;
3 ~5 S- z7 `) v3 g0 ~: J: u, v1 o} : f9 O) g2 }% S8 B

* X# m6 F" ~" E5 P4 K: R
; Y. }7 w7 a K: l4 {1 |
" v# J2 f6 B- K4 E' F1 @- k& a9 z函数名: strspn ' H: \. U; Y* G+ D% r9 v
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
7 H# }+ |! m5 {3 {& h# t用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
6 A5 A% [4 i$ ?( ?程序例: ; l/ u) Q) Q- U: d4 x
#include <STDIO.H> N6 Q# s" }, s
#include <STRING.H>- Y" e& u, ^9 i& A/ Q; y$ U
#include <ALLOC.H> ~3 u! w9 g8 a/ J) G
int main(void)
9 T! a+ ]7 w7 v( ?{
: O7 }/ J% M; R! I2 tchar *string1 = "1234567890"; ! d) A" K$ s5 v% m. n' X
char *string2 = "123DC8";
# k7 v0 x* T4 eint length; 
+ }/ w' c+ v: e$ L* X; J- ^6 }length = strspn(string1, string2); ( {- q; J5 t7 y- Y! {; _: }
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); + o8 c0 h2 H0 l1 B% S8 D
return 0;
# a+ l/ J$ h: I0 N1 `}
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! u v X% [# I; t. C函数名: strstr 
/ n1 X1 e: j% g, j" V* a功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 # r$ M0 M4 B4 H* ]0 l6 u
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); ( c; I1 H# {* Z) T0 |9 y3 ~
程序例: * g& ?6 z" I9 V+ v# Y
#include <STDIO.H>/ R, \2 `5 z o/ a8 O+ X( p- k
#include <STRING.H>
, u2 W7 Y. D5 v1 nint main(void) ! @/ V$ ] d8 \$ ^& s3 D
{ ; o% E, N/ A0 c' l9 R
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 1 h+ V. e5 o4 n$ L
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
& X6 Y* p7 h6 ]. ?5 tprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); 9 D/ K, e1 F9 Y1 o; Z
return 0; 4 {+ x' E/ ], ^ I0 i" S3 Z
} % o7 M: z# ?# b+ G

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$ j8 n; z3 P8 Q4 ~4 L# D; ~函数名: strtod 
* o( J( P; w8 W0 }! Z功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 7 Z0 H D J% q" k; Z0 z) O3 Z) a
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); . X f4 a3 W1 y: O* k3 |
程序例: 
' l3 `7 C6 X! i- x1 M4 Y#include <STDIO.H>; t N) r$ N1 D4 I
#include <STDLIB.H>
- t9 h: X9 Z" \5 W5 w7 a7 J7 _# xint main(void) ' s+ u+ Q6 D/ s7 w
{
, A. s! a) J4 E' A! ^char input[80], *endptr; 8 V! }% E9 b/ k2 i& X! X
double value; 2 |5 S! n: E9 V) R' [% u5 w" U
printf("Enter a floating point number:");
* V9 Y+ @) W; V d2 f9 f! Igets(input);
0 d6 |5 A" Z( Y4 T+ Q9 ovalue = strtod(input, &endptr); - K7 ?& C; U7 s' W% c
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
4 I6 {" N# Q; R O$ d* \return 0; , Y3 Y0 y+ @3 Z) O f- [
} 9 y1 n2 f* O6 N2 Q0 \# A. [ t
8 {4 |2 m0 n: |) ^5 w

- x H1 R8 E0 z# ]: N m: j9 {6 O2 P* M, P; B8 z
函数名: strtok 
8 U3 g; H& i. N! f- D: p功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 ( O$ h/ F' A7 u
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
5 p9 L: K. F% X' h程序例: 6 M% K O+ e" C& [
#include <STRING.H>
9 K" _1 q6 e$ r#include <STDIO.H>! t$ n; y0 a' L! T3 M2 I$ A
int main(void)
4 _3 R6 r/ W% n5 q{ 9 a# n) i$ S( I: z/ J( E. t" h0 {* P5 Y
char input[16] = "abc,d";
/ S' \0 r. m! _, K" L0 X+ S2 ychar *p; 
0 \6 G, j8 R( W8 z$ Z" u& s* O/* strtok places a NULL terminator # b3 _$ e. l: L3 [. b& F+ ?
in front of the token, if found */
. z! P1 g% l) D3 m0 b0 z: I1 q8 Kp = strtok(input, ",");
* {6 _4 [5 i+ M4 I2 Q, v( T( A! Vif (p) printf("%s\n", p); 4 [( \. T m; i% w8 L8 F* U
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL 8 v1 b# H7 f3 z, H! I/ z8 c. `
as the first parameter returns a pointer
3 b$ ~( O+ N* B- [% kto the character following the token */
1 w5 D0 i6 y3 np = strtok(NULL, ",");
1 a9 k4 x5 @; Y: T1 ~if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
1 F# x; N9 ^9 yreturn 0; $ _+ Y5 @' Q. h, f* k
} + q* p) H! y. [4 V4 [% ^

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9 {, Q. ~7 l7 Q1 U# L; y
函数名: strtol ! t) }9 `. @$ s% Z( P
功能: 将串转换为长整数 ; G) U" {% W! X5 _8 y) B& N3 |
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); 5 h5 \! s# X7 Y! Z7 h
程序例: ( p& e) E$ u4 C. | H c# H
#include <STDLIB.H>3 r8 @% a$ O9 H% q2 ?6 d2 E
#include <STDIO.H>
$ F8 O5 v' S; y; Dint main(void) 6 [0 \: ?5 N5 X& v) s
{
# R/ C" z+ y/ O2 z0 Wchar *string = "87654321", *endptr;
2 u# y& Z$ d$ ylong lnumber; 
4 g) x' J" w0 ], S7 U7 H/* strtol converts string to long integer */ . {6 o# H% A1 c
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
0 V4 l. K9 e& v/ q0 i+ }printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
 J' S; d& @; J& @3 Zreturn 0; ) W4 a5 \9 B& I X, L# o* P$ b8 E p
} 
5 Z5 C8 L6 _% U3 m$ R% H: ]& h, Z5 f" Y- _
函数名: strupr 
1 q/ V: \) B% N8 o+ ^功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
0 e9 l( L* m6 I; |0 f% K用法: char *strupr(char *str); / L9 W% H# n/ z
程序例: , Y. _# [+ b' o% `" [8 P
#include <STDIO.H>
0 k# S2 P7 m, m) C2 @#include <STRING.H>1 j/ [7 h; h3 S% F9 [3 F
int main(void) - {" O- d' l2 X4 F3 H2 `3 x' B
{ , V: f' |4 v* O# f& q8 F: M' w. e
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; & F+ q4 C9 ]) S5 o- I6 U
/* converts string to upper case characters */ 4 _# X; \ p+ E2 l: s1 h) Y( a
ptr = strupr(string);
5 r5 t) U4 k+ E# V$ ~* ~! ~2 J( v+ Sprintf("%s\n", ptr); 2 y4 k L9 M2 |4 W: d% u
return 0; # U! s" V) j' M9 T* X" n& W
}
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" O: ]- S8 Q7 y9 S2 s# U, Z- Q t9 u
7 S( c0 y& F! z8 d! j4 V) _, ^# U$ W
函数名: swab 
+ @4 M: |# |! S/ J3 ~8 o# J9 R功能: 交换字节 $ Y: e9 N1 |) ^4 O7 [% q- B# T
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
+ g# g3 R% W( S2 E' P6 x/ V6 m程序例: , Y- v" M3 i7 a5 G% ?# P
#include <STDLIB.H>
* @/ m- V0 w" c+ u. j, o#include <STDIO.H>; L- l5 \/ r+ [2 H
#include <STRING.H>6 K7 y/ [5 i/ I5 W& T+ n" S
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; 8 ~, N+ B6 u1 E2 S5 S3 t4 ~
char target[15]; 
+ U7 _( ~! z! p1 O' ]6 U3 l. aint main(void)
. P5 v- ]; } Z: R+ b5 Z{ & c7 Z* e" i0 J; d6 c3 W
swab(source, target, strlen(source));
% C) \9 J. w" F; R" Y' Xprintf("This is target: %s\n", target);
5 a% C5 x5 U, V. ]return 0;
& a' j7 l( S. ?8 [} q9 z6 W! Z: L; ^* @4 T

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0 v1 e3 P3 r, B' J) } b% B8 F) x
函数名: system 
( X. q: c$ A0 o! B% Q6 n功能: 发出一个DOS命令 " ^$ H8 M- W7 e
用法: int system(char *command); 0 M* @+ w, ~9 t2 [# m; _% ]
程序例: 
5 U: r# r) Q8 `( V#include <STDLIB.H>* g. S' `; u# N' Y& g
#include <STDIO.H>! c' w/ @' U- F, c9 y; [
int main(void)
* G* |$ Z. _0 o. H5 E{
" \& M& h0 W F) ]printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n"); 7 r* v; L3 N7 q" H) H. c
system("dir"); : l1 k0 w& D0 L* B
return 0;
, d8 j, f+ |7 J- g) {+ G! @+ }}