AM真菌在生态系统中的作用

杨利霞

( _$ F: X9 _' G" L& H2 x: M7 jAM真菌在生态系统中的作用

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  C( ~  @9 O; qForests accumulate and store large amounts of carbon (C), and a sub
3 H! {8 W5 T3 fstantial fraction of this stock is contained in deadwood. This transient pool is subject
. `. [" z" q$ eto decomposition by deadwood-associated organisms, and in this process it contrib
1 B6 ]! x) c" a! {$ j0 [- Iutes to CO2
- @' k5 N6 h6 M: p' Memissions. Although fungi and bacteria are known to colonize dead
wood, little is known about the microbial processes that mediate carbon and nitro
gen (N) cycling in deadwood. In this study, using a combination of metagenomics,
' U; i0 H) w: V( kmetatranscriptomics, and nutrient flflux measurements, we demonstrate that the decom
0 k# X3 v; a# O% S' Dposition of deadwood reflflects the complementary roles played by fungi and bacteria.
1 L1 f1 V6 ]. w5 |# O& TFungi were found to dominate the decomposition of deadwood and particularly its re
calcitrant fractions, while several bacterial taxa participate in N accumulation in dead
* [3 q. _, W; f, C' lwood through N fifixation, being dependent on fungal activity with respect to deadwood
colonization and C supply. Conversely, bacterial N fifixation helps to decrease the con
straints of deadwood decomposition for fungi. Both the CO2 efflflux and N accumulation
that are a result of a joint action of deadwood bacteria and fungi may be signifificant for
nutrient cycling at ecosystem levels. Especially in boreal forests with low N stocks, dead
wood retention may help to improve the nutritional status and fertility of soils.
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