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函数大全(c开头)

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发表于 2004-10-4 03:02 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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函数大全(c开头) 9 y+ y( V0 C }& u1 @, D

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函数名: cabs 8 r" c) G5 M, Y) u8 G 功 能: 计算复数的绝对值 # C+ p6 b; h2 {6 c 用 法: double cabs(struct complex z); 6 `- \; a- Z1 e* m' {6 |* F: D7 o程序例:

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#include " d. V1 i- y: @# q #include

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int main(void) # N" M8 G- y" d( L% N { 4 ~* J/ C) _" I( Q4 j struct complex z; & R9 c5 @' q. [* ^* Jdouble val;

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z.x = 2.0; % G6 w: ^& O6 ?5 i$ ]/ j% lz.y = 1.0; W: x$ x4 T& Y- Bval = cabs(z);

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printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val); + C2 j6 q) U/ t# |1 Areturn 0; + P% E3 {( c$ e6 Z( M} # E6 f5 d$ q6 u. C* ` # k6 a: c9 m8 c, J+ _3 S$ F: \ , ^ t- I& o+ \( j8 i2 V% _

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函数名: calloc % L( a: a( w4 p' w功 能: 分配主存储器 4 }2 A" Y0 f/ w. y0 S用 法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize); + C6 y& {$ f+ n$ B0 E( B1 K# M 程序例:

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#include 2 G& r8 T; l J& \, D( q8 A( v #include

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int main(void) / L* N' b4 Q9 G( i! q; w: L, a& I% I{ " u: S" r. m7 V$ {char *str = NULL;

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/* allocate memory for string */ 1 h* z) T. _" f8 w! G4 M; dstr = calloc(10, sizeof(char));

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/* copy "Hello" into string */ : n( {, q3 x; Q% b K strcpy(str, "Hello");

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/* display string */ 8 X6 M, h0 T9 G3 Q0 oprintf("String is %s\n", str);

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/* free memory */ ' \8 _6 a! _. [) |free(str);

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return 0; : Z4 z! `2 O' k/ ^' ]' [9 j( c} ' _ h0 @2 M, ^4 R/ i& t/ Z* P( w 0 P9 K- W$ a6 X9 P: `+ c5 v( r9 X% W' h5 E" N

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函数名: ceil ` A _7 }7 O% z 功 能: 向上舍入 , Y! _9 M( s1 n用 法: double ceil(double x); 9 T; R6 D) U' t+ L, O: t程序例:

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#include " h4 r# p* d8 Z% N #include

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int main(void) % A6 D3 C1 e6 n% w; w& ~{ + Y" D6 Z! W% y) U8 F) r double number = 123.54; . z* q* s! z1 ^; a double down, up;

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down = floor(number); 5 c% a8 W8 o/ F up = ceil(number);

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printf("original number %5.2lf\n", number); ! o6 i" j% G! } printf("number rounded down %5.2lf\n", down); 3 ~% R8 k7 |+ f. z: ?- o printf("number rounded up %5.2lf\n", up);

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return 0; # Z0 q+ P' z& J/ b } : k( H3 E) k0 a. x ; w% B% @! ]& P8 i5 E; D ! k& A1 \- r+ t4 O: m

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函数名: cgets 2 j% b$ f$ y# q功 能: 从控制台读字符串 8 c6 m" ^6 E/ u" ? 用 法: char *cgets(char *str); : T! l- ?# ]4 y程序例:

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#include . @0 ^- l% e, N #include

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int main(void) v' \$ g; \; u { $ D) s r+ e( M. E2 `3 c9 _char buffer[83]; ; y2 B- M0 u) schar *p;

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/* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */ 6 S2 X" N" S* P4 I0 xbuffer[0] = 81;

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printf("Input some chars:"); 1 Q; g2 _7 x( b% ^7 \$ W! }/ i0 s p = cgets(buffer); 2 F R: I5 F. `) ]) G' s printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); " w3 {6 a( y1 a; O6 \% kprintf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer);

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/* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */ ! Y) g- s9 D% B: k5 x( F* u% Nbuffer[0] = 6;

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printf("Input some chars:"); ( ~" @3 F! X4 h0 s2 N p = cgets(buffer); - H( |/ Y8 d { printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); ) \0 c* _. [' _8 @% O printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer); - B% I$ G0 ?4 ^6 ]: }, C) L return 0; 7 y3 e# z# b) l3 ?! y } . A! L1 w/ [. Y+ C9 p+ u& x : |+ E: _* E7 O- e1 a2 J ) M' a7 h' a; ?

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函数名: chdir ; Y& u" ?% {, D' k8 U, k$ ` 功 能: 改变工作目录 ; C) i( f7 }, \8 r$ i' S 用 法: int chdir(const char *path); 8 \! h" x8 O1 _3 X1 X# B程序例:

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#include 1 W5 W/ O7 [" [1 ?! |#include ( ]7 Z9 W$ {# p6 l" ^% f0 d% a- m#include

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char old_dir[MAXDIR]; 1 H) M+ x$ h- l1 `* o' e char new_dir[MAXDIR];

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int main(void) ' a k# r* e! d5 V$ S0 ` A4 u{ : u1 L! F! s& J4 R7 Y. I2 V if (getcurdir(0, old_dir)) ( n' B$ y g4 n8 `1 c% d, A; W { + P- g9 ]& I2 G4 q5 I" S perror("getcurdir()"); 9 n. m( ?% \! q4 O# |. g+ Y7 a* Kexit(1); 6 H* z# d+ w; ?# k } 7 o/ E* t8 L. T5 y1 r D# Mprintf("Current directory is: \\%s\n", old_dir);

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if (chdir("\\")) ' ]$ ?' @! t. _. g$ U6 t { / @ Y/ t" Y" Q' R1 `8 o3 ^7 w) t perror("chdir()"); , b% z" n k/ f5 [. M p% Yexit(1); - {1 z% K! [ t: Q}

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if (getcurdir(0, new_dir)) : x! g8 b+ ?$ V9 f5 F{ % m7 w4 u6 [: L perror("getcurdir()"); ( Z6 ^# r4 j4 L4 F, v) y exit(1); . n0 U& b1 t3 N8 R } # u3 J, B1 F* k. vprintf("Current directory is now: \\%s\n", new_dir);

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printf("\nChanging back to orignal directory: \\%s\n", old_dir); * s. f% K9 x% N* e7 Eif (chdir(old_dir)) ( B/ ]4 Q7 [, m' m { - h" m A# h6 j, Y6 p) G- @0 \perror("chdir()"); . S/ X6 t ^ G3 ]4 _4 pexit(1); - f0 I( V; z0 w. U" ]/ i8 _6 O7 f) } }

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return 0; ' }) p0 w1 \5 ]9 K- Y} 4 L1 z& C; D1 A3 f4 Y- _ 5 L: l; p$ O7 x: T" c

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函数名: _chmod, chmod 3 P) F2 `7 e% k7 I1 p0 d8 q 功 能: 改变文件的访问方式 * H, {4 X% W1 q$ b 用 法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss); " h3 K& L! I n9 ^3 z 程序例:

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#include $ G) U' D3 W4 p6 @5 D#include + y! n- V/ J2 n2 w/ B9 a0 e/ a #include

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void make_read_only(char *filename);

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int main(void) # O$ J0 N$ D" Y0 p{ # i, s! T& ~" z2 H4 w4 umake_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL"); 2 k& i$ H F4 T, t' Vmake_read_only("MYFILE.FIL"); ) q" t0 q r" z; I# Nreturn 0; : f3 H$ }3 ]1 f7 k" M- I1 x}

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void make_read_only(char *filename) : ~' ]& S$ k( b1 o { # N7 X$ ^# X9 O: N9 C int stat;

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stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD); + |! d3 ^1 Z+ } if (stat) 6 o4 O' X$ o* |- Eprintf("Couldn't make %s read-only\n", filename); 2 z) }- Y; I+ I% Delse % ^$ \0 y7 b2 S# ^5 ?: {! gprintf("Made %s read-only\n", filename); ) J+ e% D6 C: j0 `' l } 1 {) ` E7 ^2 u * V1 r5 S8 u" S4 J# {4 b( m: n9 o' Y& H8 w" x' G

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函数名: chsize $ Y& \$ y5 p7 f/ `. }: ` 功 能: 改变文件大小 9 z0 I% J. X$ L+ W6 T% `. H 用 法: int chsize(int handle, long size); : }# ?8 V! R. @ 程序例:

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#include 4 _: ~; w1 j1 c. T/ F6 l #include 4 C/ i3 S$ p- l#include

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int main(void) / i' \) z7 T0 s/ ?# d" e- S+ z% ` { # \4 q, r6 d, i int handle; , \3 [" ?7 y$ z char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create text file containing 10 bytes */ . f2 ~/ n. Q" X) U$ {- Mhandle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT); $ b8 W' P# x, s+ b write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */ 9 x6 O9 R4 J( {, ] chsize(handle, 5);

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/* close the file */ ! Q( \( `0 u* B4 Z5 x- ?/ i close(handle); ; c9 D- e# O9 G& l& Q7 wreturn 0; # L$ P @; v. p5 P' e} 6 e8 }6 }7 ]' q8 ~6 F) V6 ?: Q& ^* D4 ?: ]6 B" B9 J! n0 y5 ~( Y4 h/ c

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函数名: circle 3 f( b1 ?% l; X* G) @, V1 k) W& U 功 能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆 2 r# l0 O, i7 d& V用 法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius); 1 [% v' f( s: l9 G( |程序例:

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#include / B+ X+ |' ^% B4 Y$ W #include + T8 _. j6 a+ m/ q0 @. X; s, b#include 6 O8 G; W; \* ]: a. d* M#include

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int main(void) % @+ d# I4 ?! Q' M: `{ 0 u/ n# E0 j5 @# u" N5 E0 Q/* request auto detection */ + F6 D" F; D0 ?2 [7 [ int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; + K p5 k) ^ L: Aint midx, midy; # j* V/ S9 L$ r int radius = 100;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 8 v% L, z0 P# @0 W% c M initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ # c+ s j$ o; S/ S; ?* d% Kerrorcode = graphresult(); $ B6 q- K# e$ |3 tif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 0 a U- o* R' }% B" S5 b) B{ : \% U1 t% v6 m( D; V* n. Lprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); # Y: L: q" O8 g printf("Press any key to halt:"); # g; K1 S) h; k! N getch(); , P1 F) O0 E a8 \6 U exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ : O {8 ]' H6 A- S }

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; 5 t$ K: N! U* V; Q- _) _: k+ p midy = getmaxy() / 2; # ^1 }* W4 C, T* ^ setcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* draw the circle */ 8 i- t( T5 f3 I9 g! c1 L$ wcircle(midx, midy, radius);

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/* clean up */ 9 ?0 @2 |/ E+ P* f# D* U getch(); - \7 u0 G" ~+ `& |3 q, g6 M5 ] closegraph(); 7 }- `( ^ w4 J: f return 0; 9 O1 X9 A+ |# k; E# l; } } * `# z* _/ r3 H" [ g' g. p) h ' v& s; h; Y6 i/ E8 d% }# K0 X

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函数名: cleardevice 5 H8 P; ]9 R2 q* J& T( C 功 能: 清除图形屏幕 ' J2 k6 J- X, U- P 用 法: void far cleardevice(void); 3 ]2 T8 Q3 k" i) c6 @1 ^) A$ F程序例:

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#include ( s$ o* U8 B) k/ N; ]& L8 j #include : V5 ~% f* U1 K# i ?3 l #include ! I8 a0 M& E, g0 @ X* Z#include

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int main(void) 2 z: X7 V1 Z8 d' ^ }! T { 1 z* z! @2 v9 i u. o$ \6 K" b /* request auto detection */ - _) d# u6 ~- E4 p% wint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 8 F0 w, B4 T- J [7 ]7 k! Y K$ Rint midx, midy;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 6 V4 x% `! R6 }; U initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ - I9 w% s: k0 P- c! |4 P4 R4 w) @ U errorcode = graphresult(); 9 X" z- r; ^; }# A0 d if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 8 q0 W2 t$ g4 e* V8 \ { 8 |, a' c* b: Y printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 2 M: k. T9 C+ \" G0 hprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 3 o/ E+ {6 T& j+ H getch(); . \" p' ~2 T2 `0 r+ Z: P exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 4 q4 r4 m6 T' |; }9 P}

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; 8 w2 t* a u+ S: }. w% d/ t4 E midy = getmaxy() / 2; . B$ {9 k" h" g+ L$ k0 Qsetcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* for centering screen messages */ 0 K( Y2 o3 z+ c* q# k3 Q/ D settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

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/* output a message to the screen */ 4 o* F0 V, M2 x1 Y* w) P0 c outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:");

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/* wait for a key */ . f, A8 d9 m: [& ?% O: D8 t5 e, Ygetch();

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/* clear the screen */ ' s, t" v" J n cleardevice();

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/* output another message */ % d x2 T: j. K% C0 H B3 _: gouttextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ 1 g9 s' e7 j& n9 G( \getch(); 5 ~! Z& a% x9 h- [- {9 [closegraph(); 7 A$ z- q$ l0 h* l1 E$ Q/ Kreturn 0; 7 V D. {. \. w8 ?" y9 n} $ N9 `: A' B8 r% N: O2 {& ~ 8 p! L% N; J' q& G" X/ ] 3 i) M1 l' p6 {

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函数名: clearerr # e. H' L- t; ^/ V: k功 能: 复位错误标志 3 I, ^$ Q8 {; h用 法:void clearerr(FILE *stream); 3 W1 n2 m9 v4 N3 h* E! Z( @) F程序例:

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#include

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int main(void) 2 U4 j. P: ^ q { 6 n$ N% J! s+ U# V# D1 U0 C FILE *fp; ! G8 N3 J- W& z% T3 h0 N3 Qchar ch;

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/* open a file for writing */ $ f* I4 a. p# P- H6 j( h fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

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/* force an error condition by attempting to read */ + m( J; l1 w: m2 I; y3 `- B: C3 Y5 V ch = fgetc(fp); ( e r) B* f0 e! [1 r" A printf("%c\n",ch);

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if (ferror(fp)) 5 `$ E$ C. A& Q1 v1 h; @ { 0 G7 j9 t$ z* ~# x/ V4 p g% o9 H( W /* display an error message */ - \2 @. @+ @# z- q+ u printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

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/* reset the error and EOF indicators */ 4 W# B8 @) {% t v+ f clearerr(fp); " l& u( [3 t4 \ }

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fclose(fp); , z5 c2 c* P7 z. @9 ?* |0 d. _2 p, C return 0; : A/ ^$ Y+ d% M! p! e- S2 C, k} 7 r; V+ r q5 \/ R4 @: N & `" @0 [6 G* N( M 6 ~# v) T+ s. g( S0 ?, N, a0 T

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函数名: clearviewport / Z2 O m3 j; h$ g' ]1 C' ~$ B 功 能: 清除图形视区 ' k1 E7 \4 V e5 G+ e7 d: o用 法: void far clearviewport(void); 1 G" o L1 l( I$ b 程序例:

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#include # I6 Q3 ?6 M3 w W; S$ Q# c4 J6 m) Y6 k #include ; y, g5 i0 f+ n( G6 R) i+ ~3 Y #include 2 ? ^+ J/ d/ Y$ A& r #include

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#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */

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int main(void) 0 q. J8 \; O. |7 m4 s3 d" Q1 j4 f { 3 T4 G6 W6 a$ h: n B /* request auto detection */ d1 R1 V9 q$ I) T. K$ P5 cint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; # }; G; R. H$ O% r int ht;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ! {3 d* U! |1 r& X- |; Z- X5 @+ P initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ 7 V9 Q& p; \# s: e% i( e errorcode = graphresult(); 1 C2 r, b. w' ^: T5 L if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ + r3 O- I4 U6 E# g( E9 X |9 Z{ : ]2 m6 O, G; w# O2 m$ s! q printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 6 O# P9 j) K) P) w printf("Press any key to halt:"); + y( n/ ?2 A) g' T getch(); * l; `: A0 Q+ x) t+ `( q3 M& cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ * H3 l E) d- x }

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setcolor(getmaxcolor()); % N7 [" K# X4 K ht = textheight("W");

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/* message in default full-screen viewport */ 7 z) t. W+ h% Xouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport");

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/* create a smaller viewport */ $ `. d& Q/ h: E setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

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/* display some messages */ , n h+ f) ?: U( X7 } outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 6 |9 ~) z: O) houttextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:");

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/* wait for a key */ p# v8 i+ J# |' {$ k) ] getch();

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/* clear the viewport */ 5 k9 \! e+ G! D+ T clearviewport();

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/* output another message */ - t3 B" _$ q) o outtextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ 5 G" I6 n, ^6 k; p getch(); ' ]/ J( O# V9 n' X4 c5 q0 {1 \) Wclosegraph(); 1 m& L7 }3 O& w# p: @return 0; $ S/ ^. r r. J1 N} 8 m3 y5 [3 Q! i. ~ 5 x; R# N' v/ S5 H2 b, c/ H 3 x0 T9 q. n' w: C) y

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函数名: _close, close ' c/ Q( i, ]5 |& f+ I3 P+ N 功 能: 关闭文件句柄 & C" s6 `# e+ a& V3 G8 x/ B+ m用 法: int close(int handle); ; u6 `# F W& s! c) g7 h6 T 程序例:

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#include 1 F6 |1 O" j% n a9 O #include % K4 ~4 ^! c" Q7 o& o* X% }#include # R( a2 \ n' s2 T+ G+ I#include

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main() * i( |* [2 S( V5 i9 A* c3 h { ' o/ v, ?) x7 _- l* zint handle; ! C# h, B% c' h5 }( ? char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create a file containing 10 bytes */ 7 Y" T5 _. h; Y' |; m# j; e4 W handle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT); 5 g- L6 ^4 c" P- `. {( Hif (handle > -1) ) n. N% m/ m+ w: k0 P { - @" C6 K( k' P2 N8 t write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* close the file */ : ~" z$ ^3 v" [5 X1 u( ]7 V& v; Qclose(handle); ' _/ u/ s! x) W4 E9 Y1 m6 m } / M0 U7 a8 p- q' e2 H else 0 x& J5 H- F3 J, D{ 6 M0 D7 d% e) ?- s' N0 jprintf("Error opening file\n"); + f4 `0 ]# c# A. u: f. m } 7 ~8 R% `( x& l- V0 z: L! Q return 0; # z- p. U* a b# @3 z} + Y% j9 M4 `- o6 a & t! w; J- I/ _ A$ c+ y7 a) o' O0 L6 i4 j3 `

! }' E( ]+ R/ _6 d! T) a

函数名: clock 8 H" a1 R" W; T$ h+ X& Z: }5 l: o 功 能: 确定处理器时间 0 k9 g. H' Y5 \# a, ~ 用 法: clock_t clock(void); 1 d& k f% l) O- E 程序例:

; r' Y' n X: e4 ]! l9 e2 u9 j

#include 6 V9 k; v+ k0 g# G( ]6 n #include 1 i5 Y% D. M8 ]2 a; O7 A+ q8 f- k% G#include

/ u% E A+ _6 ~* h8 d* l

int main(void) - E3 ?2 N6 E6 O% n{ ; m5 p( E0 r n! E& z8 g# w clock_t start, end; ! x M- }& }) w% Q7 ~ start = clock();

u5 d$ ^& f W, p6 r) t; x1 F

delay(2000);

1 z, a9 V$ p4 X8 P

end = clock(); 3 P# g, C' v, q$ R/ l1 } printf("The time was: %f\n", (end - start) / CLK_TCK);

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return 0; # Y/ `$ V% v8 d" q' I, d( N6 H7 u } - H5 S' R$ @/ c! D 8 i( `- o `! T3 s0 C; Y0 p" `, n 7 G$ D9 Q. P5 ?: ~4 W

+ D" ~& c" M+ |% Z) P5 k

函数名: closegraph : P7 Q3 M$ A6 c- B: m9 d功 能: 关闭图形系统 1 _5 l' o5 t, R) v# o9 B 用 法: void far closegraph(void); # ~3 P/ B0 Y0 X9 w) e q5 O程序例:

7 O. j3 |& k6 l

#include ) L) C4 ~2 {5 W #include & M k" ~( W; ~: d# Z8 F. A; a% L #include , I0 o5 r# _) Y#include

7 c7 r, g. G- ^6 `" h

int main(void) 4 ]2 T; C Y# Q$ S" h: e) A% r! H{ F3 z% C) [/ N2 U+ j" v; x' e- c4 } /* request auto detection */ 9 z. l l. ?# _/ q! [5 {7 C int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; : `2 [, }8 _4 E2 J2 v0 ~ int x, y;

+ z3 r& M+ E# P

/* initialize graphics mode */ : Y Z8 o i: I1 T v, A' u. f; G initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

]( [7 [& R l2 C

/* read result of initialization */ 7 \# k: Z" \$ C1 D5 p errorcode = graphresult();

& R; i) ? _7 B+ v8 W. H: q, n

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error ' N0 | J j* Y b occurred */ 2 \, q/ Q) z! ]. Y{ + S3 |: y: {' H5 f" [: k printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . n6 ~6 D0 E) @' k# N* w printf("Press any key to halt:"); S5 h# n7 u. Q+ w( V getch(); ' r# j: U* I; P% |# z- V. a" x. d, ? exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 8 T, W! g T4 C- ^" j8 a}

, J4 E- e! U9 p- f

x = getmaxx() / 2; , a8 W; q2 E Q }8 b4 J y = getmaxy() / 2;

- W1 |# [6 H* w: |$ T9 p+ Z6 u

/* output a message */ 4 i C* b5 V- N- J4 Y2 t settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); - y, d+ l( B' a( y outtextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:");

: k1 ^. E8 P& o% ]

/* wait for a key */ " f" Q& D" [& Q* E* Ogetch();

* I/ V( a: _3 C' i3 y

/* closes down the graphics system */ ! V T5 [2 m% ~$ N5 Z' vclosegraph();

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printf("We're now back in text mode.\n"); 6 G; `: `% V3 I* l printf("Press any key to halt:"); ; Q1 |* o& u1 Y7 `' c4 u2 j; ?' t2 g* K getch(); 0 l! S3 I7 Z+ t1 P; {% x* Z8 i return 0; 3 v1 Q3 d+ Q/ M* A5 f9 n; |5 p4 P} 1 G! J$ Y* R1 {; w) I! Q% A7 H) h% K ! z) L. N. ^. C0 M. [2 g! X

; r) @1 x! X# B* m; I

函数名: clreol 0 Z+ d, k; X+ S0 |4 O9 G; |( ~功 能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末 - n7 G1 W& M3 e; ~$ f0 C% c 用 法: void clreol(void); 1 i8 p4 T8 F2 i程序例:

: A2 o7 h! y0 i3 ]; A& c

#include

4 {7 f* K; o$ e9 a# B

int main(void)

6 u/ H$ ?7 e' D# w/ A

{ 7 Q4 t8 U& h5 J7 _clrscr(); ! a. `1 @; f9 b% o# fcprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the\r\n"); 2 G* O: g- n% t) T cprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the\r\n"); 8 i# I1 {3 G7 u% F" @. @ cprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor.\r\n"); @7 B9 B& W2 a# j9 Q# hcprintf("Press any key to continue . . ."); ! R' [6 x8 w3 r( b3 E# W# U' I gotoxy(14, 4); 5 A! S& b* w8 d$ j; |7 h8 dgetch();

$ O5 q# Y. \& Z" a; M

clreol(); 8 n# I5 B+ @* ]( N5 R* @. _: c% Y getch();

5 E- F( w/ z# J& `% G2 a/ T

return 0; 8 L, V+ Z# Y9 k+ m9 g* Z1 O} 1 G/ i# }$ b0 j' W+ g, U 8 @0 _6 p }) J. C3 O8 }+ A6 ~ 1 W w! t' h u6 N1 `. m

. N: g' K5 A, |( x' [: `2 h

函数名: clrscr ) K& V0 a1 S5 w8 g& P* c& j 功 能: 清除文本模式窗口 $ ]$ k5 M( `. ~) y 用 法: void clrscr(void); " K5 z8 o6 x+ c; x9 G0 t 程序例:

% X* }) e3 v4 z% [7 v

#include

2 D1 G) \# _, Z1 W4 D! y

int main(void) 3 a$ D' S7 U5 H{ / x, ^0 H9 B: B% V+ o int i;

0 H0 d# _% `! l. m# n0 n7 f0 W- I

clrscr(); . g' A2 {4 K% `6 n$ | for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) 2 P" T( ^) X/ a, A) X. ]. n% S/ w cprintf("%d\r\n", i); : A( V. i9 a' f4 y9 {cprintf("\r\nPress any key to clear screen"); 7 K+ I/ \8 }" i2 m. t4 e; m getch();

4 [# \" B! }$ p) j, D+ D# c

clrscr(); + l, M% E5 U- t" \' E, Ocprintf("The screen has been cleared!"); ! d( p! a' ?( ]$ t1 Ygetch();

) C* F, m5 P0 q; i, B0 }

return 0; / R" h- Q v) O7 m } ! i0 d4 A- ]9 q0 B) R- F & M0 D- [/ T a6 ~" _9 Q 5 X5 s/ [( K( ]* h. ^- q: S

' o0 v% G" T1 W( u. [! {

函数名: coreleft 4 o; t9 ^& [9 D, m功 能: 返回未使用内存的大小 % w' V6 P3 M- ?' x用 法: unsigned coreleft(void); 0 M! K% f7 O. I& M! m5 y1 c" Q. K* a1 @ 程序例:

# T# j/ e3 j# t; u6 N7 @$ t# p

#include 5 p0 L, f5 C8 M( g" |+ ? #include

7 f$ C, x) }4 F9 S/ k! H5 z/ U3 ^) p

int main(void) 5 R% d3 k3 C0 l. z# e u { $ t( {2 i" f7 K1 K9 m printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and\n"); / f& u/ w& ^: D R, l! K printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes\n", (unsigned long) coreleft());

7 {/ M! B, m7 Y! _1 l/ M

return 0; ' X3 R8 s( R/ m( b* d$ k/ `! V } * E1 a6 v+ C: n- o+ R8 v' z

9 r$ K* f6 g8 [$ ~2 _0 t" |$ ?3 \

函数名: cos 7 s' e. A* n/ M Z$ u 功 能: 余弦函数 1 x' N r4 J* f) }3 h9 S用 法: double cos(double x); 4 K6 y' k' G' Y! G' F程序例:

3 J1 Q- ], V' d2 d/ {8 ^

#include " B) g7 x5 E: x! C( g1 ^ N3 _ #include

* r* L8 x% Y9 Y: @8 I

int main(void) 5 l V( g% N" r8 N; k; E) {{ 2 m1 Q8 Z% z5 f( Z4 \3 gdouble result; ' Z8 e& H% G' X) mdouble x = 0.5;

8 y- h7 L2 ~( Z9 \

result = cos(x); ; X$ o" a5 |! ^1 Y1 wprintf("The cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); ( I$ Y f8 M; Y" } return 0; : k7 D1 b$ V K" F1 `# M7 }. h } 1 s% V4 I- D0 D3 q4 d , Q2 I' U5 I; r2 P $ b+ `# b1 j( P2 h- I2 F

5 @2 y4 v% ?/ ^7 g

函数名: cosh * `9 x8 v( I# x' s. H功 能: 双曲余弦函数 # S( x, k @0 r4 Y$ b6 ]用 法: dluble cosh(double x); 1 R2 K& k6 p& @: U8 Y% w$ U程序例:

# r* v4 W( ?# V: J$ W

#include ) N" A" A" N9 a7 [/ `7 E9 E) F g#include

% X a0 M! c$ L! J

int main(void) 1 G; k( x/ l+ d7 s, y9 k) W( B3 q2 @ { 4 t+ m& D, T: x& f" O: V double result; 0 S. Q4 G! v+ d, J E G! a6 E, Y double x = 0.5;

4 I# Q* w9 h: n3 X

result = cosh(x); 0 u( W; f6 V! L4 B printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 0 B- k5 Y- I& _% ^+ S9 V return 0; ) f) `& V: s4 V} ) X% Q+ }2 |9 \: a/ X/ ?8 v; q- S . K/ `: y; ]4 K0 G4 M , L- c6 M4 E$ v: |7 Q- f! V ~

* F; b/ F2 [: J% M3 J6 b1 ?, f) I

函数名: country / ]; l7 q: d" R! S6 P' g 功 能: 返回与国家有关的信息 ' a/ a/ B9 P* M t% t9 ?用 法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country); ( X: {, |. M/ I2 d9 h" k- c+ {程序例:

0 l3 ~+ H% t, u( L8 e

#include % l( ]- E$ ]8 i) m+ [ #include

' |4 R- K) i( i4 D

#define USA 0

; s7 T3 q( f. B/ [

int main(void) ; b6 K* e5 q' @8 ?1 Z# ^* T$ F{ 9 o \# i: Q8 }9 i# e& @struct COUNTRY country_info;

1 A& V7 _4 Q, \$ a ~5 ]8 l

country(USA, &country_info); 4 O1 y/ z4 T0 v) } printf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s\n", 2 A/ I* K0 H# E6 g! O country_info.co_curr); + u5 K6 b* L4 C! a9 S5 Greturn 0; / _2 ?! B/ A3 O5 l7 s; P, X) s} . X9 B+ `3 X- L' H' Q6 T % o1 U2 ^& @3 ~$ ^# T7 ?5 A) y# C- a# |# {' ~5 T

3 }& {6 S: L" O8 `

函数名: cprintf 6 m% z: w' {7 x! j0 @功 能: 送格式化输出至屏幕 2 u3 G i2 g/ Y& G5 J- q用 法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]); , v1 I' H" p" g4 y程序例:

" R# e1 A# Z0 [

#include

# M" E/ \' u' l5 G; \- B1 G. v( [2 s

int main(void) ! T% {1 f, t/ [' b+ p+ u% S { " l# W* u! K# Q- Y) k /* clear the screen */ ( Y+ a% a+ {+ nclrscr();

3 B3 r; G1 Z4 u3 _

/* create a text window */ - Z& w* j9 c5 m$ \: Q2 S n: Y, \ window(10, 10, 80, 25);

& u( Q; ^! V+ ~* |( i% b

/* output some text in the window */ & N4 B" K7 `- p) p' hcprintf("Hello world\r\n");

2 P& w4 p, r% Z8 z! B) _/ j% t3 |$ Y

/* wait for a key */ / B3 s( \9 ^9 N+ c2 t2 p getch(); # M% t+ @, q ]+ Rreturn 0; ' }1 G2 N% a, \ } 9 O- S, ]5 w' d/ W 9 z. e4 h3 @4 T4 s0 W% I `, @: q1 Y! s

8 o8 [2 Q1 v6 @/ ^

函数名: cputs 4 Z( ]! f- y, N 功 能: 写字符到屏幕 - q6 c4 _4 O0 K" E5 P 用 法: void cputs(const char *string); & x/ A# k H/ W' h* g程序例:

: r+ p0 ~. Q/ o8 m' n) {2 h8 D1 ^

#include

2 C, M' I4 f' Z

int main(void) : \1 q& P; S+ J4 Y; w! S{ 3 g* I$ p: S i! x( L& X- s. B( }/* clear the screen */ " }+ ]5 {! ?) u9 X2 G \, q" dclrscr();

6 V* L0 _" P& u/ p; f

/* create a text window */ $ u, K' `! t8 m0 {+ Q! m8 v window(10, 10, 80, 25);

* `$ i; e9 N% ~6 O

/* output some text in the window */ * }) s( C+ P0 p cputs("This is within the window\r\n");

( K ~, e9 q+ t$ h; D% B3 d

/* wait for a key */ 3 W; ~' k+ A8 Y% \! r) egetch(); 4 @, x N! L2 U4 r' B return 0; 5 I( k, G% y. j: V2 T0 S} # x( W4 I$ Q% x# w& l1 o/ C" H4 L$ p' r$ G0 h( i2 d 6 o! `* k9 f& {- | N

# A% l! p" o' J: F4 w

函数名: _creat creat 2 E; k3 ^4 \/ g8 c3 I功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 3 e4 H+ ^& w. @* V- t6 L+ d; r 用 法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss); ( G, b r6 H/ I- ~5 Q程序例:

0 J$ u# P' X$ R0 ]& z# j

#include 8 I Y5 B. t0 F1 s7 p- l4 @#include % z B `0 z( j+ H- d #include ) k$ h( f# z; N. d1 i. A#include

! E9 x5 Q' W+ n! ~0 a, d

int main(void) + D5 M7 N' A6 Q- r{ 9 ]/ l# e: n0 V2 f' E7 N# a, @. M int handle; 0 u0 ^0 g# ?! N2 Z) [) ?* `char buf[11] = "0123456789";

0 f0 O! R$ G( }. C2 c

/* change the default file mode from text to binary */ 9 T- [9 g V$ |. h _fmode = O_BINARY;

2 U: L$ ~% a$ n# v) h

/* create a binary file for reading and writing */ ; ^) g$ |* V( Ghandle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

: a0 |2 Z& ?6 C: l: _7 {: K

/* write 10 bytes to the file */ 9 j6 i& ~; A& d+ J6 K6 Y9 e write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

1 `1 c' e0 Z6 {' s( k6 \% v

/* close the file */ 0 ~ }5 @3 T3 L+ O. Zclose(handle); ' {0 b+ ^# g' V( \1 f, Breturn 0; * g/ v. H6 e6 [( T( r} ( I) b3 s) x4 w8 `

( x$ A+ u& }/ ~0 R1 p, Q8 D

函数名: creatnew 5 I( f' X& p: l: S功 能: 创建一个新文件 : H% [: i) c8 t7 P 用 法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib); - ^- Y0 d& v9 f) b7 X! h0 i; r 程序例:

8 T2 R [; |: {9 P4 d4 u

#include 4 Z- \8 e" h% x% o8 W2 C #include 5 s1 o9 K: E/ @& b+ p #include % p% [2 z/ T& k3 u. } N- [5 ^ #include 7 @5 y- ~$ k1 n1 t1 c& ? #include

6 @3 r, a5 B9 I* p( p

int main(void) 4 t N& Y, Y8 E# F& L4 ` { . }4 D. w* i0 ?& [! q0 G7 T; G int handle; 3 G4 W2 i: @" \6 ]" I. i- r char buf[11] = "0123456789";

& T' o: @* f9 ~+ O' t8 t

/* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */ {- S0 \0 [8 m& J handle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0);

& P) a1 r2 C# W6 s \6 J! ?

if (handle == -1) & W7 G4 l' Q( m/ J! }printf("DUMMY.FIL already exists.\n"); 5 I; I- q6 d; z. T8 kelse B4 N+ Z% g8 N- Z/ h( a) ^* j{ : Y% s; S6 A8 E1 p# F# y printf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created.\n"); 6 K0 E: H/ L& v$ iwrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); + y2 F6 ~& z V+ M* K' W4 V close(handle); % k' x( E8 |! J9 Q+ W. N9 l: _4 D+ p } + F ~8 b: ?: {" w7 Mreturn 0; # b3 i2 U1 Z/ y% A0 [; ^} 7 Y1 D. [/ S3 e# j3 ?0 @ 7 L$ W% j% O$ g3 } : n& @& b1 Y$ S& G

& e" Y! Q% ]2 S% L" l* z8 w

函数名: creattemp 7 p- z0 p/ E% m$ | a Y4 n功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 ! i. N5 O+ x- V# \: M0 I用 法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib); : b7 B% E6 b0 E7 G( I 程序例:

% S; d( p" ~* f0 X# p \0 U1 b

#include * t$ X5 P, K/ q5 R. W4 Y) }#include $ K) n0 m& |3 \" ^0 v #include

; v g) N1 x8 y2 y

int main(void) a9 L/ H. ]6 ~ { ! ?6 U8 a, s; g. Q- Gint handle; 3 A( z4 m( R4 Schar pathname[128];

! J! }* O% |2 `

strcpy(pathname, "\\");

7 l9 E' ~4 C: U" D

/* create a unique file in the root directory */ : F) q4 A, |2 J ]. F7 g1 F. `& x7 Chandle = creattemp(pathname, 0);

! j% L4 S7 \) Z# S1 j

printf("%s was the unique file created.\n", pathname); 7 a4 o( T$ h" H' u' v( M close(handle); 1 @' Q, N3 B- [8 f/ P, c, ?& N) V return 0; 1 h* j! @" b# W- n. J' p) k3 K/ e/ L: n } $ M e6 m) f1 f( ~" P% o ' `! W. ^ U2 q) c" t3 { % _; q1 p4 s- }6 }' U9 v

- l5 o" {6 y: j7 x

函数名: cscanf w" Q3 R; v( _; O功 能: 从控制台执行格式化输入 + D) W& J$ Z" B* p) p/ R: C 用 法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]); 8 D1 N( d2 C1 }; J程序例:

& c9 A% k6 |; t6 M

#include

! i8 `) L( b) v8 G* Y+ V

int main(void) : v1 N. ~, b. H. w! E6 F { `/ ^: g' X% n2 Q0 p8 L) | char string[80];

8 \% L& m9 f# e6 V8 V' I

/* clear the screen */ 6 d9 {2 v( `. ^4 O9 ~9 o' n clrscr();

% N1 s& s8 u. r4 _9 P

/* Prompt the user for input */ , G; A( O& i* p. y cprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:");

7 S' A/ X4 w: l* a9 O

/* read the input */ 4 [2 x1 W( C5 |7 t. M cscanf("%s", string);

" |, E4 x& f' F

/* display what was read */ 2 U7 ]' Z8 {( X& \% \: Xcprintf("\r\nThe string entered is: %s", string); q2 k' U& J W4 lreturn 0; 4 V7 H5 V. v1 ^/ k& [} ; n3 `8 X8 N' F. s4 q C. u% U 3 n/ R) o: s* F0 |! o 8 p0 s& S5 D; k# [4 u* D) {

) X* e6 V" L) e5 ~/ T. P

函数名: ctime " d- {/ B W) q( R7 e, } 功 能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串 % m1 E& r8 ?' o/ d* O5 ~用 法: char *ctime(const time_t *time); # O2 E0 ^, T. J1 F# m, `3 J程序例:

7 F5 a/ T5 T' e+ M

#include 1 \2 z$ Z* U0 m7 [/ W9 s#include

, j% _9 |- Y/ T; y

int main(void) $ F$ B0 A/ S3 C p' {" U6 y' w { 7 p0 ]0 Z3 ^" y1 ] time_t t;

9 }- x( S1 L Z' E6 P& z0 g

time(&t); 8 M) _2 b& s. H& a, h1 G; F. R& O printf("Today's date and time: %s\n", ctime(&t)); ) l8 _- G! @$ w9 K# a, creturn 0; 5 h: ~! u0 _& i/ O6 } } 2 T8 Q2 V& S" q. A 9 |1 | j! n. e* n r' D; O' T# k: \: H+ u: H

% R0 l+ V/ Q+ c) O+ L1 R8 d

函数名: ctrlbrk * [; Q( L9 {' F c8 ~功 能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序 8 U5 B4 `9 g# l7 J' A$ G用 法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void); 5 P' x9 N& b; V0 X2 ?8 d 程序例:

0 D% }+ j% t( Q( n0 z$ m

#include ; I& j; A! v% x7 }5 \( m6 g) L7 c#include

G) V& C3 h6 g2 X7 F

#define ABORT 0

) b: [4 H6 b" I! [" x, N

int c_break(void) g4 W" F _9 @{ 1 H# q! _+ J! k6 I4 Xprintf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting ...\n"); . c, d- T1 `1 D" c/ a7 `return (ABORT); / D \- i0 F G+ E# ]8 V}

h1 x0 h" b5 Z0 L, b

int main(void) ! b% e: C5 p. C8 H. q9 d) ^1 {{ 9 ]4 ]! H5 k' N# L% U( q ctrlbrk(c_break); : Q' r ?, S! s4 Y5 m for(;;) " E, K, S+ j- t8 Z; d, w# K% _ { + n6 u9 [, z: J* j) C0 P4 K/ Z printf("Looping... Press to quit:\n"); 2 Q/ z/ d9 n" y4 X; W3 s1 q4 C( p$ ?$ V} 0 l" I0 C8 S* M5 l6 f. n) t) E, q* z return 0; 3 M1 ?0 C# O: I& N6 G }

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