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函数大全(c开头)

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发表于 2004-10-4 03:02 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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函数大全(c开头) ! a; P4 Y( a: h! T" b# C

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函数名: cabs ; g0 B2 T, R) c功 能: 计算复数的绝对值 . H, Y& I& }# U% | 用 法: double cabs(struct complex z); % d0 |5 T" T7 T6 o; H6 P 程序例:

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#include 1 G W0 a/ K; r, Y% A7 P3 t# ?. j#include

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int main(void) ' \( N" g! k6 L( B/ S4 @0 T{ / l2 c* K/ N' y. c struct complex z; 9 f- v- n. W8 Ldouble val;

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z.x = 2.0; % o- L4 m: L8 h3 oz.y = 1.0; ! i7 l; j" V+ _' Z3 W; v) h5 x val = cabs(z);

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printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val); 4 _' [3 y6 O m7 j9 |& _, _3 v) \return 0; : r: e! d* g1 d+ ~ } 6 ^ }4 C5 E8 B: b ' o `) }/ o1 ?, q, x 4 Q1 b/ S! p* l% o4 L

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函数名: calloc " n" K7 T1 Z. u2 N# D) X 功 能: 分配主存储器 2 a0 H, Q, o0 o: A用 法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize); 0 B& N. F. w6 z1 ]9 L: J9 a/ G 程序例:

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#include 6 r! f; _- ^; _: }. x8 e/ z* l #include

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int main(void) & k" g& O5 _5 ^& U+ b @4 I, `" Y{ . j3 e6 E( e1 fchar *str = NULL;

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/* allocate memory for string */ 3 j6 ^6 D% |4 j {, A$ c: W6 d' q$ ~$ r _str = calloc(10, sizeof(char));

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/* copy "Hello" into string */ 4 r' D( D, @1 u. E& w W& Kstrcpy(str, "Hello");

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/* display string */ % q: i" w4 l" m# V$ \2 V* ~3 T6 P printf("String is %s\n", str);

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/* free memory */ ' N: O) U( q# D8 j# C: i# ~' i free(str);

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return 0; & b$ s/ c4 O' i4 a* C } 5 w* w7 V. F$ H) Q% j5 _$ a 9 x8 b9 N7 W. b' W ! A( D) p2 s$ H" X

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函数名: ceil 3 B* _7 x0 k8 A$ N; M3 V2 C功 能: 向上舍入 2 t' h0 v, a$ l7 U* e) C用 法: double ceil(double x); 8 u. W! y1 [* e( u7 |7 Z0 G 程序例:

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#include 2 l5 B& f: ?$ W/ f. J#include

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int main(void) - O1 s0 r+ _2 f { / l6 Q( G w7 T( |8 B. A; | double number = 123.54; 7 D+ n/ g4 }1 [/ h `& e2 Z double down, up;

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down = floor(number); + u2 B4 K9 P) {" T up = ceil(number);

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printf("original number %5.2lf\n", number); 1 n2 H4 O, [" Z( p& } printf("number rounded down %5.2lf\n", down); ; I. i+ r; K: K1 Hprintf("number rounded up %5.2lf\n", up);

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return 0; 8 Y! a. T5 L9 |6 p, R } , h- _# e. n9 Q6 T0 `1 N0 ` " q* `3 s3 Z* Y: W/ p" Q1 x7 Q . H% B+ ]* G% x

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函数名: cgets 5 y" l U( ^. v9 k% q1 Q2 Z: Y功 能: 从控制台读字符串 8 L% S1 @8 t6 _7 i( N: d 用 法: char *cgets(char *str); 2 L- i% [3 P2 T/ v6 X) J程序例:

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#include r* p# X* v% n) {8 L#include

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int main(void) 1 a Z, C) n" `{ ( L$ b d7 p$ S/ l$ Lchar buffer[83]; U* G* i( ?$ [2 v0 rchar *p;

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/* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */ D5 a8 `) _5 Gbuffer[0] = 81;

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printf("Input some chars:"); 3 T ~4 Q) U/ \p = cgets(buffer); 9 l$ Y) T/ F0 D0 t `printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); ( B7 ?: n! d- M- t4 Y5 U printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer);

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/* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */ 3 ]+ ^' E# z3 j- k buffer[0] = 6;

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printf("Input some chars:"); 7 m' X( K9 e, f a3 tp = cgets(buffer); $ S1 C+ ?* N( T* u& g0 }3 V printf("\ncgets read %d characters: \"%s\"\n", buffer[1], p); + ?) h; D2 l5 ^: r5 z% A, I printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p\n", p, &buffer); 2 D. C9 _# e, d0 ]return 0; ' U$ G! j6 C: e6 K* P$ X$ _8 w} 4 e! H& |/ E! g6 C6 v - O z) x) ^& [0 H! Z. ?5 u; K" b7 H' {1 A

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函数名: chdir ( B4 I9 [9 W2 q/ ]8 X M 功 能: 改变工作目录 ) N/ O4 t( I: l6 r2 w5 h, Z用 法: int chdir(const char *path); 5 C7 N/ M; w6 G2 f- a4 V 程序例:

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#include ) ?0 \; p) b. s* C+ f Q #include & K& m) G1 |' l #include

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char old_dir[MAXDIR]; * a* k% e2 U% }; A9 P# Hchar new_dir[MAXDIR];

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int main(void) 7 N' }, x r9 | { 9 M" x7 b) h; S% D- a' N if (getcurdir(0, old_dir)) 9 [& I( E4 D- L3 p/ Z8 Q" Q{ ( g( n) w$ N& f8 u$ G% t perror("getcurdir()"); 0 Y2 _% X+ }& r) H$ ?, L) r exit(1); - ]* r) S: }% D* k P0 M} ) w: _. n5 _) z& K printf("Current directory is: \\%s\n", old_dir);

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if (chdir("\\")) 1 I. `8 b5 v; E0 E. H( L{ 7 |6 H2 l7 }9 eperror("chdir()"); }& v% j; S$ P6 W4 ?4 C) Vexit(1); / u& H# k6 O& a, e }

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if (getcurdir(0, new_dir)) ' R0 }1 W9 e- w% ?6 k{ U: e+ `/ ?5 u# Z4 g/ H- A/ M perror("getcurdir()"); / H2 R% Q0 p' o* bexit(1); & Z! _( \+ j! e} 3 e4 ~! S) ^) ~, Z4 N* i: l printf("Current directory is now: \\%s\n", new_dir);

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printf("\nChanging back to orignal directory: \\%s\n", old_dir); & B' L6 v8 H# cif (chdir(old_dir)) & n, o2 D5 e) E, q1 s{ ' }# I' r& I' b: ~# W# Bperror("chdir()"); # n, K8 m1 Z2 Y; K; o, `* J" M exit(1); % j3 o" D$ o* `5 t; Y9 t& d z/ l}

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return 0; 3 y( `2 f7 b) w* z) y} $ W3 b- C" y& F: I& ]( X2 ]( O) }/ [/ f% K( f$ o; h; Z

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函数名: _chmod, chmod 7 k! D: R% Y8 ^8 O6 p) {$ L. [功 能: 改变文件的访问方式 , F+ S0 m c+ i$ h用 法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss); 4 a# F1 {1 B) ~# ^程序例:

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#include ; H- S) u" ~* _* ~4 P$ N# B' K #include 5 s" i- z' d3 X0 Z#include

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void make_read_only(char *filename);

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int main(void) ) N0 r$ I$ D, Y/ r8 ]{ # e$ I5 @5 L4 J( Y% J* F- U9 ]make_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL"); / R8 B" r1 N+ ?- I1 P; vmake_read_only("MYFILE.FIL"); h, v% ?! ?6 @7 m4 Mreturn 0; 7 }( z2 j( I0 _: q# r0 N}

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void make_read_only(char *filename) ( q; V# H; i8 W5 X: h! d { t/ }2 S, U1 B9 D. t) tint stat;

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stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD); % r2 b6 N: D n& pif (stat) ) [- E5 q2 k1 ~5 p" | printf("Couldn't make %s read-only\n", filename); ) Z% g: @8 G% l+ H; @4 e v1 v else ' i# d2 T/ j- s9 ]8 m( I printf("Made %s read-only\n", filename); ) t+ G* G" N! d: B& f- @ } 2 |4 e: k' @( l * Y) Q( ]. U4 g" {4 X0 g: L' D" I ; _& Z; X( g' t* h0 ?- t. E

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函数名: chsize ' G6 G9 z; ?% L7 g8 X 功 能: 改变文件大小 ! P0 V& s$ M3 }6 @用 法: int chsize(int handle, long size); 4 c0 [" c; [% X! u 程序例:

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#include : A5 t i0 @; ?! ?$ q6 l8 D- J: f#include + P9 p4 d. i0 H9 i8 z- h. V #include

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int main(void) 0 ]& T9 }0 m) o8 N2 |0 ~" c+ f" Y { + K7 Z' s0 h8 `( l( n7 L int handle; ; |8 c! z- t% j8 X' P& u8 T- z* V char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create text file containing 10 bytes */ . N) j7 m8 I$ J( a2 r' t handle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT); . z4 }. s" v6 S+ C! J% X0 ~9 s write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */ 2 m: q9 @- `9 v chsize(handle, 5);

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/* close the file */ # c9 C8 Z6 a; g9 y0 d close(handle); 6 h# @0 x+ H5 P0 E0 Y1 lreturn 0; z4 X, f9 l2 q, p/ J2 j } ; X/ W8 E% K# j$ W' r: M/ K0 L5 Z. o5 \! @

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函数名: circle 4 {; Z. u- F+ S) @ A9 e功 能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆 $ _1 p0 j" n" Z1 J$ Z. ^用 法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius); ) W) h4 a" D! V 程序例:

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#include K' D' U8 w/ X#include " M" i* b. @& B' W#include ! g% t& x ^5 m% ]+ G3 s3 F( l* T#include

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int main(void) & `+ D* H# K2 F$ }% M3 z7 B { . _- f% {# @/ u /* request auto detection */ 7 J, x' I& n; P: y/ iint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; " _2 }2 U# [' V- H/ y+ f5 W int midx, midy; ' @/ e$ P5 x( F2 oint radius = 100;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ & k* ~$ g+ ?4 H initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ * H2 L% {9 j& z4 B; H- o errorcode = graphresult(); ( E$ |# ^/ M+ K! Y6 rif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ S8 k8 Z: T. Q% W8 T+ a( k { ) d: D# _6 l0 `: R! Z# V; h; b printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 8 S$ p! `1 m: X! d, N$ ]$ X1 A7 pprintf("Press any key to halt:"); / m' D. L2 |: |7 e getch(); # j# |( W$ P, {! S/ bexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 E- B4 {2 R: X0 z) C* w) c }

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; " |; c4 l0 Q% n9 \midy = getmaxy() / 2; . Y- J# p* V+ W( i, T4 y0 Tsetcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* draw the circle */ 9 p. j% {" t4 U. _% ~( M) j. J* fcircle(midx, midy, radius);

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/* clean up */ . \, P) a4 ~( B* hgetch(); % @( e3 `8 ^* v; Eclosegraph(); 0 ]% h# D/ v. U; qreturn 0; + O) @, o) g( `0 u, p} ) j* |2 C0 f) J# \ 3 \9 a N$ e8 ^" Z, \6 M: u( |$ L- V7 F: f5 k0 ?

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函数名: cleardevice & W) B% {8 X$ t 功 能: 清除图形屏幕 - K7 U- z& P7 e9 e9 `' L. |# L用 法: void far cleardevice(void); ! x! c# B6 C0 w( ?5 Z5 I# V B 程序例:

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#include ( e/ H6 A0 e; G9 D! D$ v#include % B1 o. F5 z( q- @5 D0 [ #include " j: }8 A- C, @9 c, s6 X, B: W/ V #include

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int main(void) : m, [& x, a) V5 o+ Y; L! H2 l( o { - ~6 i" A: B" T# \, P) k7 F /* request auto detection */ 6 Q" b/ n* b8 R4 Z7 q7 C# k0 Cint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; - }: f3 i6 }2 m( Z6 t int midx, midy;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 8 c& D8 T @$ P3 } initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ 4 ] E( }3 S3 {: ] errorcode = graphresult(); - u1 D* T' k) j/ H4 T5 q* g if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ $ n. t% E# ?- W8 O4 C- R; T{ / l2 \( d9 y: t: C E! u/ nprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); % Z+ g! p% } V7 s1 W# R4 t printf("Press any key to halt:"); + z5 q4 c0 }+ u3 m% p: r' c x: s9 t3 A getch(); * ]6 }+ Q6 l+ Y exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! W* Z1 A& ]# z8 k8 S}

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midx = getmaxx() / 2; 8 v! K% m9 K7 P- Cmidy = getmaxy() / 2; ; l2 M& t3 G" B% k/ x setcolor(getmaxcolor());

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/* for centering screen messages */ b+ q: v2 X8 ?3 W8 x9 ]" \settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

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/* output a message to the screen */ + W& w; ]- }- H2 u/ Mouttextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:");

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/* wait for a key */ : j3 c5 T! B/ G' Z, P3 y% o" z; p getch();

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/* clear the screen */ 3 F8 `# d& }9 z) U+ x$ v9 B cleardevice();

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/* output another message */ 1 }4 f- o6 V) l- z' N- X1 Aouttextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ 5 J9 d; }0 w6 p+ O( { getch(); $ T6 Z' c5 A6 p! K- }5 n' a6 M \2 b closegraph(); + L' r: s, d3 w4 \+ L. o/ j7 R. ] return 0; 6 ~5 p' \# j* E% |" ~5 j} ! d- p/ u$ M" ?2 D0 n2 ~ ( ?5 Z1 ^6 b9 _1 ?; Y* k0 V* x2 v/ c - `$ e; [$ A% `$ Q2 |- J. A

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函数名: clearerr + Y7 q; U2 k# _1 V" g/ N& b 功 能: 复位错误标志 , Q& m P y+ ^' C: U 用 法:void clearerr(FILE *stream); + M; e3 h7 r6 t. z 程序例:

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#include

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int main(void) 8 f; g3 z5 g) r) l0 g) k9 \{ $ d! z* o4 ?8 X FILE *fp; # x/ p2 [6 C# v1 e( e& W7 f% i/ G char ch;

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/* open a file for writing */ 2 T" ]/ }$ h1 U& i9 k4 u2 \, m. x fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

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/* force an error condition by attempting to read */ ( Q* Q- q8 E2 _+ r5 u- Q ch = fgetc(fp); ' L) C5 t" A) c8 N% [( U4 w" @printf("%c\n",ch);

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if (ferror(fp)) . Q! ]* }1 _3 }9 V{ : c0 r& ^9 I" f2 o. m4 Y/* display an error message */ 9 a0 O: Z# Y9 i/ l printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

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/* reset the error and EOF indicators */ 5 k6 T5 R+ i3 d, H0 iclearerr(fp); % K! e5 D# i& l! R& Z7 r0 G/ F: ? }

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fclose(fp); : e; O$ J7 n0 P r1 vreturn 0; ) z L, J( U; G& J5 _5 U} + |7 A8 a& \+ B9 O& P: _* h1 v* X1 Q$ w6 I# U3 Y$ V - J6 F( C# A/ \/ c

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函数名: clearviewport ; c5 b- X, M" j+ l( ]" ~+ ^功 能: 清除图形视区 0 o+ j2 @4 @ ?4 A$ Q% `+ T用 法: void far clearviewport(void); ; R; T# N) n) Q% N; K! T% d程序例:

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#include 7 \$ {; P1 r3 V/ C#include ' q% f" B; T6 @4 z* A#include 2 f. Y$ s# q1 P0 u9 h& J/ X#include

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#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */

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int main(void) k5 w5 M: _+ C% f- q+ U{ / v; q$ Q( t% l/* request auto detection */ # I& L6 P( L$ l( l- |: @/ nint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; # {1 ?. Z% |" A# `7 K' D; i: Q int ht;

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/* initialize graphics and local variables */ : i) o' b' p: l$ _; R" ainitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

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/* read result of initialization */ ; k* h- [$ N9 a- [- R& werrorcode = graphresult(); . V, l: A6 b, y0 `if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ j6 ]1 @0 p- G, }; A{ " U R' c% s) Q printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); + X9 ?! |$ V" T& Fprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 u5 a- t) \( i6 R1 e. V7 I4 p+ E" z6 mgetch(); ; S# d: G) p. H& {7 [. L; M7 C% F exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ + ]4 \- ?7 o9 D! ?( Y9 a}

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setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 0 _- z9 Y, _* O8 f- j ht = textheight("W");

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/* message in default full-screen viewport */ % |. v3 J M2 P; l0 A) S Mouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport");

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/* create a smaller viewport */ 7 x; u5 A# G; k8 e% ?+ o2 b setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

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/* display some messages */ $ a0 v# u) q2 C6 R4 W5 iouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 5 L+ a; H# ]6 p9 n outtextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:");

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/* wait for a key */ . E% l( P% d3 q3 h& M getch();

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/* clear the viewport */ 2 u5 u: i0 Y$ A ] Z1 `clearviewport();

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/* output another message */ ) F9 G" a( O# f- _( l! jouttextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:");

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/* clean up */ + @% K. Y# q* `* k0 ~ getch(); / g1 l J/ J1 @* f closegraph(); * C. s8 j( S* M; u2 d# Nreturn 0; 9 o/ H* Y, h; z- L5 f} - y% i+ Y9 s" G" A7 A x% S$ p7 Z- g ; }. l$ \7 f" _4 r0 l3 g

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函数名: _close, close 9 k& ^; u3 f0 k2 w功 能: 关闭文件句柄 % S" u0 _' b+ |& j \用 法: int close(int handle); 0 [3 V/ z- Z/ k/ ]* s) F程序例:

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#include 5 U1 \: d) K S% \, m+ O. J7 j/ i#include , H& `3 {! s5 Z7 t! ^1 E9 X #include - @4 y6 o7 a8 D; } #include

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main() ! z3 d% E0 T) B) U8 f0 _3 a/ @ { ! G- n0 O4 [) H2 M1 l5 Eint handle; 3 T2 B* K8 d. d: ~ char buf[11] = "0123456789";

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/* create a file containing 10 bytes */ ) w, x* f( h1 d) hhandle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT); 6 u4 ?" j# c7 S y+ ]( ?) c' Dif (handle > -1) 3 ]4 F- V4 V' J6 D* w{ : \6 R! d% h) j/ U# W1 ]" [ write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

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/* close the file */ % b6 J9 d B; q( |6 bclose(handle); + R8 Y' Y4 A2 f3 x} . }& {0 D; H, telse " t% s& u0 n, B { ; k0 N/ B: V, L }$ I' ?8 w* p printf("Error opening file\n"); 3 u; ?- T" a+ e1 S } / \! _" O( t+ p% b Z7 \( Z return 0; * h8 t- x* k0 ~: `6 H, b} & \4 @% |: O- n& r B2 Z; Z) U2 q" z; K , z6 b3 @! s- p8 Y( `

* ?' |( T) }" @7 n

函数名: clock / Q" u$ v2 y9 [$ D3 {) A9 _' F 功 能: 确定处理器时间 , e" |. x. j4 N; ~8 k 用 法: clock_t clock(void); + F9 Q0 k" I0 i程序例:

! Q) ]: Y/ S% g7 m8 S/ }) d% V9 l

#include + `3 P( }( [' Y7 p8 S, [' |#include ) F$ X1 k+ t8 k3 Q6 P `/ ?! V! d #include

: r, u$ B6 d+ m# Q7 o' G5 q

int main(void) 8 Z' q7 n4 n; _/ Q) p { 3 c+ z$ C. E0 t$ E0 L$ i3 B! qclock_t start, end; 2 N& M$ I: G0 d: K# A8 r, G. L start = clock();

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delay(2000);

1 z" _- W; |/ v8 d9 a+ C

end = clock(); ( p% P' L- |; x printf("The time was: %f\n", (end - start) / CLK_TCK);

/ H* B# u1 t5 b$ h) J

return 0; 2 s; L: |( Y' r7 F3 H* f } 9 [. Q/ V x% Q . r/ G. m0 \+ {$ \; {' n 7 ]9 [3 j$ B) r3 P6 f

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函数名: closegraph 8 T4 p, K6 P4 {" G! l9 h1 [5 G 功 能: 关闭图形系统 ; C6 L9 s z9 B; u k 用 法: void far closegraph(void); * T) q# B0 o# }+ d$ g程序例:

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#include - `' b' o# T9 q8 v, D# M; X# _ #include ' _2 b" j& l. \. O' w#include ! y0 v7 J' O3 t) [ f2 P #include

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int main(void) 8 O: I# y m& W6 J{ 4 p4 K3 n) h1 H& Y/* request auto detection */ : R0 H- N$ E# t X3 |4 U2 q* Z int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 1 D# l2 Z5 i( h' s3 a( v2 B5 W int x, y;

& W5 ^* i3 X# W" Y3 g

/* initialize graphics mode */ 3 f0 W( } y' k1 U5 C/ L initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

9 V3 x4 ^- Y2 V/ W. `' F

/* read result of initialization */ , ]* ~* ?- L; ~3 _& k" i errorcode = graphresult();

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if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error ' D* ^/ g5 I' n/ foccurred */ ) Z/ B6 A' o. @4 j { 0 }2 {9 l& c3 R% r0 R printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ e! _8 j5 ]: Z" }' dprintf("Press any key to halt:"); : q! L8 g' l5 j6 H+ R jgetch(); ; I. v- E. l& \4 E( d exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . e9 I! c& C# H9 O; K) D' T }

) c# ?5 Y2 T& R: I {! O5 Z

x = getmaxx() / 2; ) d" ~' ~* C u% J" S. L% t* {7 Ty = getmaxy() / 2;

4 `3 B6 j' G( B$ L- R2 [

/* output a message */ ( g2 A" s, H# O* D$ i2 i+ q settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); + N7 h8 R/ }+ A3 g, Qouttextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:");

; ~$ n( M* U& d& d' f* a5 M

/* wait for a key */ 3 I$ @& E, I1 Y' C9 Wgetch();

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/* closes down the graphics system */ , P' {+ c: U# T! l0 ~; }closegraph();

$ L$ a8 `$ `; P4 ~

printf("We're now back in text mode.\n"); % P6 a: W* w/ A8 ?% J printf("Press any key to halt:"); & z w" e% S' K' w getch(); E8 d: u5 k, V# Kreturn 0; 8 y! \- G/ S- C" s, t } 1 u( e1 ^& e- `* B+ I 9 W8 p( \: x7 L* D. Q% ?# K . p' N* E. y9 B) z) @, U

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函数名: clreol 3 x0 v7 P0 n! o3 ^* M- K 功 能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末 % }" I$ {) V0 F9 G8 d用 法: void clreol(void); ! z1 | m8 k% |7 Y9 u3 o) \程序例:

0 P+ z8 U1 J7 F+ ]( F4 w

#include

! C$ j( i. ]5 u5 U2 n

int main(void)

3 H4 ^( ~' I4 ^2 D x

{ ; Z5 i, d% q, l, z; jclrscr(); F' e ^- F0 C/ o5 y6 q cprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the\r\n"); 0 n" H% h* u2 o, t8 x cprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the\r\n"); / J1 o- S, {! M' t) e' S% C cprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor.\r\n"); ) X" y# d: T, T6 L" M& gcprintf("Press any key to continue . . ."); : l1 J% ?& h& m, zgotoxy(14, 4); $ Y9 F, Q, L8 t! |8 r. V9 fgetch();

+ N/ ~ s$ C0 N4 z6 G8 |+ H

clreol(); & E# h5 ~% o9 @2 k" c1 X getch();

! T9 e/ ~; o) {9 Z- K

return 0; 6 h( o2 V& `" ]+ W, L} / B" B" M" E8 X1 I' t! @" a& |5 Q 8 b% L- @6 q4 b$ J' k1 B- R6 r, r ^5 Z# r' f6 q ~

2 D1 n ~! k1 M g. ^

函数名: clrscr 8 u' h$ }: r: Y6 A5 Q, h o功 能: 清除文本模式窗口 ' P4 G, n# N5 [" V9 B用 法: void clrscr(void); ; Q; B4 a# |6 s1 f 程序例:

( D% m6 j" h; N6 S. k9 i0 K

#include

3 v6 e+ l$ @2 {) W

int main(void) 5 u$ J* C$ \3 t5 ?) M- d( L { ( L4 E) B% H1 R, }9 u int i;

2 S% v' `4 k, o7 [) ]* h: M8 S" y

clrscr(); % ]% o1 O, p( Q8 s! X" t for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) , {& d$ h% L# V* ~5 hcprintf("%d\r\n", i); / t4 V+ u4 P% ]4 Z' C cprintf("\r\nPress any key to clear screen"); 0 H2 X$ R8 {* } getch();

" ~4 e( {! a6 E* b8 W; s

clrscr(); % r$ j1 P( `8 U1 m3 z8 vcprintf("The screen has been cleared!"); / e9 g8 s+ }. |$ r' ` getch();

& E# G; V O) e3 B5 k3 b

return 0; 0 E) t+ s* E* q3 H } 8 x+ H7 A& @. ?; m4 z ) P {9 _: g, t* F 1 z0 J! k& J$ {* T% ?2 ~; x

+ Y9 g! y4 d- x: T6 ? j

函数名: coreleft 0 G h8 f; y( y/ |2 }" a) U功 能: 返回未使用内存的大小 " l3 _; D2 {! @" m用 法: unsigned coreleft(void); 1 i1 Y+ [2 s, ]6 l4 p/ h- b程序例:

~6 t' w" x* l% }

#include / P5 R/ ~; Q. n+ L, g #include

+ L& J+ s" |9 p [& i% v

int main(void) 2 ]* R% b4 ^1 ^( K { ( p+ h" W+ D; e/ ]printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and\n"); ; U8 c Y& r& s1 }- m7 X0 W printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes\n", (unsigned long) coreleft());

+ X+ G g9 y8 j( e1 R5 k/ } [

return 0; 8 y6 D4 x6 o6 V! B. c6 a- a} # G* A" J1 U0 L7 t

% ]- s+ }3 a' B8 {+ o( a9 P1 E" R

函数名: cos ; _# N/ Y( W: o7 Y- d功 能: 余弦函数 * j; @1 G; B$ t用 法: double cos(double x); 4 d- |: F+ b9 p5 g) l5 l8 ]7 k! y程序例:

/ ~0 m( Y" T$ s9 Y' o/ d

#include 2 U) Y( |4 B$ r& o#include

% k+ a. {, r; c% ]3 x7 k; B

int main(void) & [3 o4 J0 D! i7 i{ 2 M$ T! [3 p6 i2 B& ]double result; 0 L" Y' X2 w0 v P1 x; x double x = 0.5;

- v3 g4 K+ d, C1 e b

result = cos(x); 8 g0 |# D2 [5 S/ e, ?" A. ~printf("The cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 8 U8 p* E* n+ L u1 `' nreturn 0; 2 f: a4 m& A$ a& }- A3 y' K/ u6 j } 2 G/ \+ l6 G7 k/ {9 O% W* n9 I: e& E 7 }. U4 y7 U" F8 o8 j; J

# K U3 _3 B( Y, U5 _

函数名: cosh & j/ P( e- C0 J2 D8 ^' Y4 v6 u5 }功 能: 双曲余弦函数 ) F1 _, c% ~. z0 h用 法: dluble cosh(double x); 8 F/ R6 S# \, K. Y程序例:

5 e; E* C8 A! Q4 b( {

#include & m" i* }0 i- j8 _# _# @#include

% B* H( \' `! P* \ o

int main(void) 5 ?4 _8 O$ v' X { # W0 ?; G2 R7 \$ v% c5 |5 l2 [& p double result; " t3 a6 V) a: f( M% e double x = 0.5;

. L4 ?, t u/ P9 V3 D

result = cosh(x); 8 q s) f7 R' S, O# t8 s8 x* x7 Fprintf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 3 h Q4 s0 H2 G! h6 Creturn 0; - f/ x5 R/ O: y* [ } 7 z& H$ z4 H7 P5 [4 J0 k0 s1 s" m& n' } $ P2 J/ T% @1 h9 u0 I6 P

! W+ n8 K* ]2 E7 u0 s/ e1 S

函数名: country Q+ P# B i; d功 能: 返回与国家有关的信息 ! H+ o* b; y3 J8 h- C; H! T$ `0 m 用 法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country); 7 @& {6 v% j7 d6 f$ A 程序例:

+ u, ^+ D" k% P5 R4 G- Q

#include + @+ }0 d) P- }$ O0 Y* o: E1 l#include

) W" Z! o/ r$ s

#define USA 0

3 d+ e2 ~% G2 T% c) }9 h

int main(void) & b9 {- z! b h' d { & \6 F& E! u7 B3 x% r struct COUNTRY country_info;

7 U5 y! K1 i* @. l

country(USA, &country_info); ( F9 z3 w- Q% @7 V% Z2 @ printf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s\n", ( z- z2 ^0 A" u, N3 K ?country_info.co_curr); # W- s" A, r6 F! ^return 0; # x1 J7 o Q" Y$ w } + _( r U9 k, l3 m . }! w. r: S+ H5 K8 N$ q4 X' q

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函数名: cprintf - f6 j7 G8 O3 `1 Z3 V7 { 功 能: 送格式化输出至屏幕 ) k# N: H5 ^3 D) e" W 用 法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]); 7 z; X* s2 N* ?1 T$ I, @5 | 程序例:

D" d) s& y5 f7 N5 d

#include

/ a* B' Y. X% h/ P4 B

int main(void) - x8 p* G" R8 G& u$ _# w3 ? { ; t2 }4 C: [' B, @6 F /* clear the screen */ H0 k: @% M9 {: [$ u b aclrscr();

& j; ]$ q) B5 n4 @( W; q" ?% O

/* create a text window */ D6 }' x0 D$ `$ f2 k window(10, 10, 80, 25);

2 h4 `; N) Z" o. [9 x/ b

/* output some text in the window */ : B V- Z2 H, j5 Q* @# Rcprintf("Hello world\r\n");

8 n: B+ p2 \; E; J9 h: I$ k5 z: C; }

/* wait for a key */ . y! W* M8 q9 R% A, G/ Igetch(); / n4 M3 E! i% m return 0; b: J }/ A$ {/ t: o: D: [8 K} ' i* d, Z. J' `( J- E 3 L' i) `2 S. y" H# X/ _) G9 d0 ?6 g! t

* i0 \5 o! Y: E4 n4 E

函数名: cputs . }7 y7 ~# b2 r8 l; }6 P 功 能: 写字符到屏幕 9 D9 M3 d) ^% ]/ p( b" R8 A用 法: void cputs(const char *string); ( O; p7 p2 c8 e( M程序例:

4 @" o% o! t( ~- f& N3 a

#include

6 d7 c" K6 i& e ?9 x6 y+ c

int main(void) + M1 j G' q; Q* F7 g{ * D1 m" ^2 F5 }$ G# Y0 P /* clear the screen */ + A' w$ R1 y7 d1 J- [ clrscr();

2 e. f3 \9 ]& b6 u

/* create a text window */ ) S! X- [, e+ R( f# a+ G window(10, 10, 80, 25);

9 P {. P \5 R8 H) P

/* output some text in the window */ 8 _& y4 Q% y! `- X9 Scputs("This is within the window\r\n");

+ m5 r# m( C& s# G2 u) R8 o* H

/* wait for a key */ ( I: T1 A# f6 h: S1 d- B) Y: Qgetch(); . G, }4 d6 U5 Sreturn 0; 3 f& o& D8 ^+ ~} 2 P7 ~6 Q9 [* [' E6 b1 Z; M& M& F 1 C# R5 \$ P- j: o) P ~3 E) y7 d* u8 X( _' j8 L

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函数名: _creat creat + X" t3 O' ]$ z% ~3 a功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 . p" i9 B2 T9 z" ~1 p( O# _用 法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss); g a1 N5 o5 N4 G# {) r程序例:

0 j: C m/ y) S* Y. S3 Z0 k

#include ' A ?% X( q. k- x8 N ^. q6 z7 c #include $ W% |0 b9 r/ ? #include 6 ]/ l8 S/ N% ?2 b#include

/ K9 r8 m7 \6 X/ A" ?1 d- R

int main(void) ) p! L+ L4 L* J* R0 T { 5 ], ^4 j- W& U6 W$ W" Hint handle; ( S$ \+ Y" b: J2 ]0 R char buf[11] = "0123456789";

# M* F" `% K1 ^) A& B% a

/* change the default file mode from text to binary */ 2 e9 b$ e/ H$ N' O8 Y" x9 p _fmode = O_BINARY;

$ |# t/ J- Z& h

/* create a binary file for reading and writing */ + W+ ]6 V2 j m handle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

F7 }( y+ R/ B6 f

/* write 10 bytes to the file */ % E/ @! n+ d3 B" B3 wwrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

$ o; s0 M3 O3 Z

/* close the file */ ' Y" n6 i9 N3 ?2 Z close(handle); 1 V8 G8 v1 ^: c- I' ~return 0; : A3 r' ?3 {+ n; p4 @} ' Y% u2 P' @7 h$ R' v% \6 k. p& m4 p

* S% f. Z* K3 e* p2 l

函数名: creatnew 1 u) K# Y/ H& F功 能: 创建一个新文件 / Z$ ? x3 V0 Z% D2 D用 法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib); # K% \6 G( c/ p" Z6 X w 程序例:

" U+ B) E p, @( |0 T- }- T

#include ) s5 q& y g5 ^ T* _- e#include 9 p/ N A! Y' d) F#include 7 ]: z4 @! f! m j& t% z#include , d# D+ [8 f K, _" ]' N1 p7 n #include

7 Y( \% ]" T- _* K0 V2 w

int main(void) 6 C; E1 n) j- f9 Z{ 4 u+ k" g3 F( f6 u( |: Q/ p' f5 B9 r int handle; : i( i5 O! j' k$ ^char buf[11] = "0123456789";

& z) I% J x, ]) `

/* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */ + t2 v/ `: E( u handle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0);

) q; @ O3 F1 q3 O# ?0 I* w1 I

if (handle == -1) ' w9 b" ]1 O1 Y5 u+ D2 sprintf("DUMMY.FIL already exists.\n"); % t/ p# n6 W7 B. Q2 Y' ?else ) N* }! g! C3 S) s5 y& w, ?$ S{ 2 U* L R( r! l0 i7 J1 Gprintf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created.\n"); & k8 ^) {, I: G$ kwrite(handle, buf, strlen(buf)); ! b& E, \; |: i. l6 B close(handle); - f+ q! b/ d$ d; V! C } ' S3 b b& x0 y Kreturn 0; , X) r: j' }. I1 ]$ W} 6 J O5 F3 v- Z3 _/ ` - v3 ?& g% A# T3 v4 P. u F" D / \' Y( }7 e/ h

* v; N( O$ k9 _8 N" e' i- T& h

函数名: creattemp # K S. }4 S' |5 x9 f功 能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件 / D! Z5 I2 q6 ?: [# l. C3 L 用 法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib); 9 Z( B, s4 b1 b7 v8 d5 p# i+ @) j" w程序例:

8 U7 ]. R* @% d7 C$ C. q' V% e: N

#include " I! j$ e7 b: R6 ?3 F! o7 M) u #include 6 }& f# q+ ]5 G6 N#include

4 C/ w% f& Y7 U0 q% N

int main(void) 0 X6 C3 x; N& `* p9 S+ g{ , \ M" a( o9 { int handle; 7 y& s/ a. _3 j8 ~9 s- ~4 ]char pathname[128];

! S8 g( L! j" w9 B8 l- M2 b

strcpy(pathname, "\\");

* y) q* N2 W, v) ~4 T0 D, Y

/* create a unique file in the root directory */ 1 V" ]( K3 ]0 L0 L1 M9 {" N handle = creattemp(pathname, 0);

2 ]8 u j- U7 R

printf("%s was the unique file created.\n", pathname); ' u& J9 F; e- M+ a* u5 O E close(handle); ! W$ O" y5 \4 t, {return 0; ) Y% I( u# g# b. f} + {3 {! j: B( Z" K: E! U' x ! q3 j4 R; `9 n. G " c+ [, P4 |/ ~) M# _- C

* [/ }- S+ l G" x

函数名: cscanf & d' D: M) P7 I( D! _' x 功 能: 从控制台执行格式化输入 7 u# r, S6 O& |3 i6 n 用 法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]); 0 A* W: \. u, |- u+ O 程序例:

6 E! O/ e# b5 I2 d2 S7 ^

#include

3 V, T6 J# A! n: t) f

int main(void) / c( g- l+ v" _' Z7 D% X{ . { y0 ]. O7 r7 r char string[80];

/ e+ R4 g/ G% ] t3 z$ x

/* clear the screen */ 5 w- R* H; O) H4 U5 x clrscr();

& a& |/ _3 s. X! K) _

/* Prompt the user for input */ 1 U5 ?' o6 a4 I! h0 G4 l, ?6 |cprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:");

1 j3 a' A- T# f- Q4 {( @

/* read the input */ / `8 A O6 z! d a; j% _5 ^cscanf("%s", string);

3 u! k4 F: ^8 X( ~

/* display what was read */ # V6 \9 L5 }( w5 ^4 T2 y3 k9 pcprintf("\r\nThe string entered is: %s", string); 0 G { [) {4 F& D. _9 Mreturn 0; 8 E% U5 ~9 Q' D6 t% I. J" M} }# R. \+ J+ ~. w; _5 M 4 A& A5 L5 z( m# h& z* ` 1 I# i X- z1 B) i0 S8 `6 X/ @$ n

: H4 D+ @, ~6 J

函数名: ctime 0 l$ E5 [2 K( ?# y 功 能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串 " K. I: B) e+ O) W+ ~$ E' ] 用 法: char *ctime(const time_t *time); & d8 Y; O- A# A# ^程序例:

3 H$ S7 f v' C6 G: _, S

#include - J; e: P1 r- M/ a$ J #include

: ]$ ^' l% _+ s" p( F1 k2 x

int main(void) 9 u/ c1 W7 S' I( l7 d0 K# y { " i; J9 Q& V# N8 }( b time_t t;

8 S" h" g# j2 P- R( x& g) s

time(&t); % Y1 r" ~1 F. u/ U printf("Today's date and time: %s\n", ctime(&t)); # l: h7 w3 N) r3 x9 I. S! v2 p return 0; 8 w8 E d2 ~* s! ?# r} ) k) p! K; W& R. S+ ` E3 t. m: d$ _7 E4 o6 ` # P' w. H- r+ X1 }& A" y; r

) l5 F- G9 R7 O) L) b% q5 Z

函数名: ctrlbrk 2 l" V, |% x" x8 m2 n功 能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序 7 ~7 D& j; q' G! G) p; z8 m用 法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void); / p* H8 @8 b8 I5 S程序例:

3 E( Z$ \$ d0 l! R' P& z' E

#include - X' h' E P( n) M% c( \% L4 N$ ~6 o. Q #include

+ z @2 R% C( N! j4 A' ?& a9 i

#define ABORT 0

/ x+ d9 F- E/ F( q( E

int c_break(void) + l# c; P3 c: q# r) R { 6 e+ d1 l, i/ w' B7 W7 T4 n" b printf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting ...\n"); 1 M2 `( n+ Y2 g* wreturn (ABORT); ) f/ L7 ~0 z' L }

+ F5 I1 e0 d( |2 F

int main(void) ) _+ G/ ^$ R, f8 O5 Y { . ^8 ?3 F9 W. H: X# S ctrlbrk(c_break); 5 m6 v6 f/ `: ?$ S% P6 q9 Ofor(;;) W7 z1 U& L$ `0 g0 ]% Y% a( d{ 1 Q- U- K8 c( O8 Q- F; U0 t printf("Looping... Press to quit:\n"); 7 h, K1 q' r+ g2 z8 l* {- Y/ v& p } ' \( d& h$ W+ k3 m b0 m* V, w" r- sreturn 0; % w+ ^# O0 E: f: c* k" c: i- v }

zan
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