备战美赛 matlab 2013a 操纵多维数组

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Manipulating Multidimensional Arrays

  This example shows how to work with arrays having more than two dimensions. Multidimensional arrays can be numeric, character, cell, or structure arrays.

Multidimensional arrays can be used to represent multivariate data. MATLAB provides a number of functions that directly support multidimensional arrays.

Creating Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Multidimensional arrays in MATLAB are created the same way as two-dimensional arrays. For example, first define the 3 by 3 matrix, and then add a third dimension.

1. A = [5 7 8;
   
2.      0 1 9;
   
3.      4 3 6];
   
4. A(:,:,2) = [1 0 4;
   
5.             3 5 6;
   
6.             9 8 7]

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A(:,:,1) =

     5     7     8
     0     1     9
     4     3     6


A(:,:,2) =

     1     0     4
     3     5     6
     9     8     7

The CAT function is a useful tool for building multidimensional arrays. B = cat(DIM,A1,A2,...) builds a multidimensional array by concatenating A1, A2 ... along the dimension DIM.

1. B = cat( 3, [2 8; 0 5], [1 3; 7 9], [2 3; 4 6])

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B(:,:,1) =

     2     8
     0     5


B(:,:,2) =

     1     3
     7     9


B(:,:,3) =

     2     3
     4     6

Calls to CAT can be nested.

1. A = cat(3,[9 2; 6 5], [7 1; 8 4]);
   
2. B = cat(3,[3 5; 0 1], [5 6; 2 1]);
   
3. C = cat(4,A,B,cat(3,[1 2; 3 4], [4 3; 2 1]));

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Finding the Dimensions

SIZE and NDIMS return the size and number of dimensions of matrices.

2. SzA   = size(A)
   
3. DimsA = ndims(A)
   
4. SzC   = size(C)
   
5. DimsC = ndims(C)

SzA   = size(A)<br /> DimsA = ndims(A)<br /> SzC   = size(C)<br /> DimsC = ndims(C)

SzA =

     2     2     2


DimsA =

     3


SzC =

     2     2     2     3


DimsC =

     4

Accessing Elements

To access a single element of a multidimensional array, use integer subscripts. For example D(1,2,2,22), using D defined in the previous slide, returns 6.

Array subscripts can also be vectors. For example:

1. K = C(:,:,1,[1 3])

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K(:,:,1,1) =

     9     2
     6     5


K(:,:,1,2) =

     1     2
     3     4

Manipulating Multi-Dimensional Arrays

RESHAPE, PERMUTE, and SQUEEZE are used to manipulate n-dimensional arrays. RESHAPE behaves as it does for 2D arrays. The operation of PERMUTE is illustrated below.

Let A be a 3 by 3 by 2 array. PERMUTE(A,[2 1 3]) returns an array with the row and column subscripts reversed (dimension 1 is the row, dimension 2 is the column, dimension 3 is the depth and so on). Similarly, PERMUTE(A,[3,2,1]) returns an array with the first and third subscripts interchanged.

1. A = rand(3,3,2);
   
2. B = permute(A, [2 1 3]);
   
3. C = permute(A, [3 2 1]);

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Selecting 2D Matrices From Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Functions like EIG that operate on planes or 2D matrices do not accept multi-dimensional arrays as arguments. To apply such functions to different planes of the multidimensional arrays, use indexing or FOR loops. For example:

1. A = cat( 3, [1 2 3; 9 8 7; 4 6 5], [0 3 2; 8 8 4; 5 3 5], ...
   
2.                  [6 4 7; 6 8 5; 5 4 3]);
   
3. % The EIG function is applied to each of the horizontal 'slices' of A.
   
4. for i = 1:3
   
5.     eig(squeeze(A(i,:,:)))
   
6. end

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ans =

   10.3589
   -1.0000
    1.6411


ans =

  21.2293 + 0.0000i
   0.3854 + 1.5778i
   0.3854 - 1.5778i


ans =

  13.3706 + 0.0000i
  -1.6853 + 0.4757i
  -1.6853 - 0.4757i


INTERP3, INTERPN, and NDGRID are examples of interpolation and data gridding functions that operate specifically on multidimensional data. Here is an example of NDGRID applied to an N-dimensional matrix.

1. x1 = -2*pi:pi/10:0;
   
2. x2 = 2*pi:pi/10:4*pi;
   
3. x3 = 0:pi/10:2*pi;
   
4. [x1,x2,x3] = ndgrid(x1,x2,x3);
   
5. z = x1 + exp(cos(2*x2.^2)) + sin(x3.^3);
   
6. slice(z,[5 10 15], 10, [5 12]); axis tight;

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You can build multidimensional cell arrays and multidimensional structure arrays, and can also convert between multidimensional numeric and cell arrays.

To find out more, consult the MATLAB documentation on multidimensional arrays.