Data dance：Big data and data mining(大数据与数据挖掘)

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      As master leaker Edward Snowden searches for asylum, revelations of widespread collection of telephone and email records by the National Security Agency have set teeth on edge.
       当爱德华·斯诺登还在寻找庇护所的时候，美国的棱镜事件已经由他发布，引起了了民众的不安情绪。
     The Obama Administration says the data bring security, yet voices on the left and right both have condemned the snooping as an invasion of privacy.
      美国总统奥巴马声明这些数据带来了国家安全，然而左派和右派都在抨击这种窥探行为严重侵犯了用户的隐私。
     Data is not information, but rather the raw material for understanding. But one thing’s for sure: as the NSA spends billions perfecting new means of “mining” information from its mountains of data, it benefits from the plummeting price of computer storage and processing.
       数据并非情报，但它是一种待挖掘的材料。但是不可否认：美国安全局从这些数据中找出了很多有用的情报，这一切都得利于存取设备的更新降价。
      Data mining is a broad term for mechanisms, frequently called algorithms, that are usually enacted through software, that aim to extract information from huge sets of data.
      数据挖掘概念含义广泛，它通常是一种算法和软件的机制。通过数据挖掘可以从海量数据中提取出有效信息。
     Increases in the amount of data — and the ability to extract information from it — are also affecting the sciences, says David Krakauer, director of the Wisconsin Institute of Discovery. “A lot of science is now tracking Moore’s law, in the sense of the exponential increase in computer power, memory storage, and the exponential reduction in cost.”
        威斯康星探索学院主任大卫·克拉考尔（David Krakauer）说，随着数据量的不断增长——数据挖掘能力的不断提升，数据挖掘也在影响着科学的发展。“科学受计算机以及计算机设备的价格的影响，也在遵循摩尔定律呈指数倍增长”
        A hard drive capable of holding a terabyte of data might have cost $1,000 around 2005, “but now you can put that on a thumb drive for less than $100,” says Krakauer, who studies the evolution of intelligence. The current talk about big data and data mining “is happening because we are in the middle of an earthquake; we feel it in a way we did not before,” Krakauer says.
        在2005年左右，1T计算机硬盘价值$1,000, 研究智能演化的克拉考尔说：“如今，你只需$100就可以买到一个同样大小的U盘”.克拉考尔最近在一次关于大数据和数据挖掘的讨论中说"之所以发生的原因是我们正在以一种前所未有的方式去体验一场翻天覆地的变化"

As our lives leave more tracks through phones, credit cards, e-commerce, Internet and email, the growing commercial impact of big data shows when: you search for a flight to Tuscaloosa and then see websites plastered with promos for Tuscaloosa hotelsyou watch a movie that used computer graphics built on data measured in hundreds of thousands of gigabytesyou shop at stores arranged to maximize profit based on data-mining of customer activityairlines change their prices unpredictably, based on algorithms that predict future demand for seatsa smart-phone app identifies your location, so you receive offers from nearby restaurants 随着我们生活中使用手机、电子商务、发邮件留下的痕迹越来越多， 数据挖掘和大数据的意义也就凸显出来了： 你搜索一条飞往塔斯卡鲁萨的航班，然后便看到网站上出现了塔斯卡鲁萨的宾馆打折信息 你观赏的电影采用了以几十万G数据为基础的计算机图形图像技术 你光顾的商店在对顾客行为进行数据挖掘的基础上获取最大化的利润 用算法预测人们购票需求，航空公司以不可预知的方式调整价格 智能手机的应用识别到你的位置，因此你收到附近餐厅的服务信息