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TA的每日心情 | 慵懒 2020-7-12 09:52 |
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签到天数: 116 天 [LV.6]常住居民II 管理员
 群组: 2018教师培训(呼和浩 群组: 2017-05-04 量化投资实 群组: 2017“草原杯”夏令营 群组: 2018美赛冲刺培训 群组: 2017 田老师国赛冲刺课 |
MATLAB 并不需要任何类型的声明或维度报表。 MATLAB 每当遇到一个新的变量名称,创建变量,并分配适当的内存空间。% y; `. Y5 q* R" { R8 v
0 w V6 f/ b2 d4 L. S7 B; J
如果变量已经存在,则MATLAB替换以新的内容的原始内容,并分配新的存储空间,在必要的情况下。( N Q& c7 C+ Z6 p
. @/ i, H- n" q7 Y4 {
例如,* j: e. K6 I7 w% s J; O
* V: F4 s* ~5 _: }! dTotal = 42% P5 F& g1 q6 _. [3 X# L* v
上述语句创建了一个名为“Total” 的 1-1 矩阵存储值42。, l& i0 O T( P% h4 t2 O
; f' c# \* h$ ]- K j" ]MATLAB中可用的数据类型
: D% P: X. t `+ p4 w7 j8 b9 U2 |7 {! ?2 e. ?
MATLAB 提供15个基本数据类型。每种数据类型的数据存储在矩阵或阵列的形式。这个矩阵的大小或阵列是一个最低 0-0,这可以长大为任何规模大小的矩阵或数组。
: j* H2 N) \, }1 ~6 M' x4 O) X: I1 |( i9 P4 z* w
下表显示了在 MATLAB 中最常用的数据类型:, I& K; d) g$ Y+ F
2 s3 l( j$ o& [1 W; d5 ^; F& ~/ c
数据类型 描述
( `2 P- e2 j' ^2 Q! c2 Eint8 8-bit signed integer0 K. G: N7 y e$ O6 }+ `5 n
uint8 8-bit unsigned integer
3 r: Y" K; h3 k: D) x) ~int16 16-bit signed integer
* O2 z( J: C! r% c& ^uint16 16-bit unsigned integer
5 a9 C) e& `4 D( x- A0 Kint32 32-bit signed integer
7 \7 n; w: _4 l5 juint32 32-bit unsigned integer5 `0 Z4 l( @& {; C, _
int64 64-bit signed integer
' |2 R" c' P1 Q5 l5 {- O5 q# n5 uuint64 64-bit unsigned integer
, C! N" f$ C! Y8 |( E. R9 nsingle single precision numerical data& W6 c7 g4 F7 Z8 D z/ j
double double precision numerical data8 P1 _# O; M7 \$ f) _2 x! z: H3 _
logical logical values of 1 or 0, represent true and false respectively/ r$ [7 {" |1 w ?1 h
char character data (strings are stored as vector of characters)- ]$ X) ~7 G3 i& a- q' |
cell array array of indexed cells, each capable of storing an array of a different dimension and data type/ O" x; x- q8 C' Z$ B' ^
structure C-like structures, each structure having named fields capable of storing an array of a different dimension and data type
$ e# m' C; Z+ o6 Efunction handle yiibaier to a function
! d$ i9 r( }" h9 P+ j- huser classes objects constructed from a user-defined class7 W9 x2 Y5 G: U. `
java classes objects constructed from a Java class
" D" P% d5 f! c7 y( |4 l例子( K/ r/ j& H. G' \4 S3 n. ^
, [! y) ~9 q" B1 C& n, C( V! f8 S" t
创建一个脚本文件,用下面的代码:1 q2 k7 M: m G: Y$ h' I
5 C- U8 b) W4 [# |: L$ O str = 'Hello World!': P/ e6 s9 n7 s; \
n = 2345: ^3 F/ H1 x- p7 T q
d = double(n)
' g9 G! [6 U0 g* vun = uint32(789.50)6 \7 s* F4 d! @4 |7 S- C
rn = 5678.92347$ h, Q2 }% G( g6 B3 l2 L
c = int32(rn)
! h' A+ t$ V9 ?8 D+ N上面的代码编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果:
; D9 Q- r5 ]# g+ V% l7 u9 A0 I8 ~
str =
' D" v7 w+ Y5 @6 n/ lHello World!
% a7 @. {' ]% z/ P; r1 jn =
& l% @; c& ?3 I) @8 \ 2345
3 Y3 F; S- w/ v) j( ~ [4 [d =
$ H& `- G8 \) r- ]3 L# Q% Z2 j 23459 v3 J; m: i6 x/ l5 ?& L# B5 w! V
un =
5 O" T D& s, u- A 790
1 X% R6 u" x9 R# Q7 irn =* s; ]4 @( @3 y+ O) |8 d4 i
5.6789e+03
; y# @, h" S# h. T' nc =
- p) \1 ` y$ Q 5679
# `2 ]; q r4 u4 R% N; {4 b数据类型转换4 F. }! }5 R E6 Q* D; n# C. |
7 n1 V# t7 e# e- b- fMATLAB 提供各种函数,用于从一种数据类型转换到另一种。下表显示的数据类型转换函数:, L# i7 ?# p; L1 U% v
; z4 w' a% _3 ]- y2 z函数 目的/作用, i% r1 y8 h; ^6 w: I2 M# s) v
char Convert to character array (string)
7 g1 p1 S" O& p/ c4 j" J/ ~; Qint2str Convert integer data to string
" K: f l# a/ V8 {" G. Xmat2str Convert matrix to string
1 G+ O3 t0 E) tnum2str Convert number to string
4 C$ R& R& |9 Nstr2double Convert string to double-precision value
: n) a% d9 t5 x8 C3 @" Qstr2num Convert string to number2 p* s3 }5 Q- M# c5 Z6 P
native2unicode Convert numeric bytes to Unicode characters; e- A |- z8 c8 n! t
unicode2native Convert Unicode characters to numeric bytes
X+ W1 j9 c0 J0 g% o$ Ubase2dec Convert base N number string to decimal number( u* i- o+ J' ]! u0 `+ ?7 W- Q
bin2dec Convert binary number string to decimal number3 K( Y0 @5 F; t: k9 P: Z
dec2base Convert decimal to base N number in string0 ~1 h: D4 ?, i: N& y3 ^! l
dec2bin Convert decimal to binary number in string
1 [1 D. G, `- n% p" Y- ^# `dec2hex Convert decimal to hexadecimal number in string2 w( J6 t0 t x0 }; w, j" H. v
hex2dec Convert hexadecimal number string to decimal number6 S$ F0 \- i* T: _
hex2num Convert hexadecimal number string to double-precision number2 A. C( Y! N1 l b5 r7 o/ {
num2hex Convert singles and doubles to IEEE hexadecimal strings
" H/ m) n2 p4 Q, p& G, Vcell2mat Convert cell array to numeric array) L" {8 K/ o. L# U
cell2struct Convert cell array to structure array
# P) O, l1 N7 l# U% t6 g! J/ vcellstr Create cell array of strings from character array D9 G" n! U. `4 D6 k
mat2cell Convert array to cell array with potentially different sized cells5 c! }" _+ Y( k R% Q1 ^2 v, n
num2cell Convert array to cell array with consistently sized cells
% a7 W- R1 W9 s+ }1 k6 `struct2cell Convert structure to cell array
7 X9 P* j) Q6 M4 X3 I; q测定的数据类型
( D: N/ L0 F2 ?; c+ ^! w: `. A5 z. ]! U+ I' J9 C* V" c
MATLAB 提供各种函数标识数据类型的变量。5 R" j9 e5 Q: O3 K+ S: n, x0 L; F
. L* Y% [ ]/ O% o) k# `
下表提供了确定一个变量的数据类型的函数:
- L( c+ }& U" ?& _- }- y# ^
+ U/ y- q l/ T; P- l函数 目的/作用
$ P. E7 M( v2 R w8 B( ^is Detect state
9 t: u% @ [* U; E& {& U2 H& C: {isa Determine if input is object of specified class
: q5 \/ g1 N1 Viscell Determine whether input is cell array
8 T+ g; [6 l9 R- X( xiscellstr Determine whether input is cell array of strings) Y8 `- {1 c0 E8 Y) \
ischar Determine whether item is character array* g& ?$ m% C1 g1 {9 A, \5 x. V
isfield Determine whether input is structure array field
5 ^6 Z9 a; [4 c9 ~+ visfloat Determine if input is floating-yiibai array
1 p& Z$ e' R# k9 l# Z, @8 R' Xishghandle True for Handle Graphics object handles
, A q; ~7 R( D! Pisinteger Determine if input is integer array1 h: g6 o$ Q: m" w' ~2 b7 e$ J
isjava Determine if input is Java object+ D) l6 a- ~( R* f2 F! Z0 s
islogical Determine if input is logical array8 P( ]" A x7 i6 n- k _
isnumeric Determine if input is numeric array* m+ F+ o- |" Q& S+ m0 I
isobject Determine if input is MATLAB object. ?( c) H9 Y" h7 j% V! ~
isreal Check if input is real array, M3 W1 m. z1 J! \$ x+ ~) R
isscalar Determine whether input is scalar
" D0 a! B# K. C; f P5 m0 E- nisstr Determine whether input is character array
. ~# ?* Z, T% K" a+ Y/ Aisstruct Determine whether input is structure array- d( w9 _2 ]# {' k* h# ^
isvector Determine whether input is vector$ Q* j L9 N6 t I; P5 ~+ c9 s0 s
class Determine class of object. g5 t4 L' [* ?+ u% ]. A
validateattributes Check validity of array
% ~* s4 [2 p, I; Q$ g C$ K7 Y% Hwhos List variables in workspace, with sizes and types
" Z' `* x" i2 v/ a6 m E' I例子
1 A" H! c1 C- P, o9 m! {' T" j
- d% l) l- _7 t: o, Y7 j$ F创建一个脚本文件,用下面的代码:
; p1 V! i+ R7 L) E- E. K3 m0 P
. j1 Q: h+ K' c$ Q) a) {x = 30 z' ~. f4 Y# O) G
isinteger(x)
& F' l6 f' }( [+ E+ \isfloat(x)8 a7 O& E2 y5 U
isvector(x)5 Z: I# n* ~4 v
isscalar(x)& o }, F- w& q/ R+ R! V: Q
isnumeric(x)
) K4 e6 B5 q! t( }6 `2 C6 B! ]$ X
5 k m7 ]0 M- m& \7 \$ Ox = 23.54
$ ^" H% d3 l( m, z7 H8 m& ~isinteger(x)4 j* ^3 b* n7 x O1 Q$ ?( @) k
isfloat(x)
- d) L* x/ j- v& L7 W9 t. n6 tisvector(x)
( H0 o( q" X; O) z6 Pisscalar(x)
; @1 h# K# s0 hisnumeric(x)6 y; ?4 x* O& }; P; @1 e. Z# @1 J: b
+ S% q" W3 P4 T" F9 j- i
x = [1 2 3]* S8 w5 Q& Z6 A$ X6 c! \ B. g) ?
isinteger(x)5 }: Q- f; k" A# ~: x+ Z4 W& j1 s% q3 N
isfloat(x)
# a2 b/ p6 b& G4 kisvector(x)
. o) u: x: n: g3 A v, K+ aisscalar(x)
% ~! c+ o) Q' B9 `/ N* g$ F6 ?1 W$ m1 K0 [% q" p
x = 'Hello'$ E+ q# B- B: W5 T2 }
isinteger(x)9 S0 \: z( |# z3 |1 ]4 c
isfloat(x)
8 _7 M8 @' S- s- V3 u* [5 p3 Lisvector(x)
1 s7 L- {4 V! }$ r( S2 V3 @isscalar(x)
2 | ?4 p) c$ J8 b" `isnumeric(x)
% R5 G- V2 U) M; {% N当运行该文件,它会产生以下结果:
- C. C$ |2 |! \7 s9 n8 e
. c3 r# ?5 H l+ A! k8 ]. \# @& @x =
1 o) |- }" E! L7 e$ D. _- x 3
" `% b, l! v8 X3 c) h6 ~ans =' s3 ~/ e5 C" P. W
00 E& O/ E u2 u8 g& ?1 A& e, |
ans =6 H1 U# P' o" U1 @+ b
1
+ X0 c. R! J ]8 m f, x4 \ans =2 b5 I+ d" N" a
1
3 o9 j j `$ B$ _. R, jans =9 w" ~! y0 ?, v- q. B# B0 _# l
1
5 g4 b4 B& M1 q$ D. Nans =: m, T! r. |% X; j4 C- k# m
1
$ e, U1 ~! b+ {% S9 P$ kx =$ U, r0 I3 O# V5 r" z, h: C
23.5400. H, Q" X, r, W
ans =
& S2 E& T- C) J- r9 q6 u; G 0- L% v0 @. o6 ?# O5 ~; h
ans =" w0 L& s# _# ~: U
1
% A7 W3 ?4 Y3 Zans =% n0 b/ E; X `$ w! U4 I8 k
1: a- O" s) Z1 F1 e0 ?8 ^
ans =) a' g- U! V, ` @1 p
1
2 N! _7 M8 }9 _; k- gans =
4 M( o0 i3 C6 z* |/ k) O6 o 1
6 u' s3 y4 A% W# k1 ~4 v9 {x =
" T9 P H# R' t$ X# i+ _. V6 k 1 2 31 G! E0 ^. c: |. a; T+ U
ans =
5 `7 o( t9 ?+ g! R 0
: ?9 I# a9 e* n! _# _5 {ans =5 J/ D# c+ _' W2 p
1- A% p: B$ V+ Z
ans =
6 J* ^0 z2 J% y8 A' t 1! A. C+ a2 w- z4 e$ D% v9 ^( O
ans =8 |- t9 h+ R% u( T" j
0. s: H. V# B d6 D3 ^, y* M
x =
' F* I7 B6 _! B: k& |2 B7 PHello
4 T3 m' x3 I7 o; K( L uans = t5 A3 w5 H" t* }' r0 I$ v
05 Z% U- x' R& ^% X; ]2 _
ans =
# I8 Q3 m8 r" [5 {' t' w9 L. d 0
: i# ~4 h% H3 N% Xans =
: ?$ X( y! _0 [5 } 1
* q: S3 ?7 o8 f; W( z/ ^ans =
7 m& \! [: z1 `: Z5 W& Q 0
: L/ S% K! W6 f4 b- V3 v; A- ~ans =
H: M' v! _: J* ^% }9 C* u 0; U: c) X% p% s# c( l
) F* M" }- e: a* I( X
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/ O9 T* r9 O; m4 O版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「Phil__ming」的原创文章。
0 M1 y5 x/ g4 @/ }9 i" |原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Poseidon__ming/article/details/750925757 n! `- R1 T* v3 t+ d$ x4 q& i+ q/ l
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