REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI

雩风三日

REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI
繁殖的真菌

METHODS of reproduction in fungi have both a general and a special interest-general, inasmuch as reproduction is fundamentally important to all organisms, and special, for the following reasons. As a group, the Fungi exhibit a remarkable variety of reproductive mechanisms, the overall effects of which are to ensure the dispersal of the species to fresh habitats and its survival over periods when growth is not possible. The factors which control reproduction are thus of considerable practical interest in the case of the many fungi which bring about disease in higher plants. They are also of special interest to the fungal systematist, because reproductive mechanisms form the main basis for fungal classification. Furthermore, a large proportion of fungi can be grown under standardized cultural conditions and, as compared with most other plants, they offer great conveniences in ease of handling, in inexpensiveness of apparatus required and in the speed with which the life-cycle of many of them can be completed. It is not surprising, therefore, that much physiological work, dealing with reproduction and other activities, has been carried out with fungi, and it is a safe guess that, in the future, many of the more fundamental studies of growth and reproduction in plants will be based upon the same material.

真菌的繁殖方法既具有一般意义，又具有特殊意义——一般意义，因为繁殖对所有的生物都具有根本的重要意义。作为一个群体，真菌表现出各种各样的繁殖机制，其总体效果是确保物种分散到新的栖息地，并在生长不可能的时期存活下来。因此，在许多引起高等植物病害的真菌的情况下，控制繁殖的因素具有相当大的实际意义。它们对真菌系统学家也有特殊的意义，因为繁殖机制是真菌分类的主要基础。而且，大部分真菌都能在标准的培养条件下生长，并且和大多数其他植物相比，它们提供了极大的便利:易于操作，所需的设备不昂贵，而且许多真菌能很快完成其生命周期。因此，许多有关繁殖和其他活动的生理学工作都是在真菌方面进行的，这并不奇怪。而且可以有把握地猜测，将来许多有关植物生长和繁殖的更基础的研究将以同样的材料为基础。