Symmetry Operation ; P4 p- a. r4 o! @0 e$ qSymmetry operations include the Improper Rotation, Inversion Operation, Mirror Plane, and Rotation. Together, these operations create 32 crystal classes corresponding to the 32 Point Groups. ( ?4 `, R* l5 u6 |' L* |
The Inversion Operation takes 7 f: ]* F4 a B& h0 h; v(x,y,z)=>(-x,-y,-z) & |7 x; k) v+ @& ]+ L9 p, O) f and is denoted i. When used in conjunction with a Rotation, it becomes an Improper Rotation. An Improper Rotation by 360/n . For periodic crystals, the Crystallography Restriction allows only the Improper Rotations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. 9 {1 r9 S0 |3 X
The Mirror Plane symmetry operation takes : z5 U) _" z- ]( z
(x,y,z)=>(x,y,-z)=>(x,-y,z) ) H; m3 `0 }: G7 Vetc., which is equivalent to 2.