函数大全(m开头)

韩冰

< align=center><FONT color=#0000ff size=3><B><FONT color=#cc0000>函数大全(m开头)</FONT></B></FONT></P>
; X0 w' R! G. R9 E5 u< align=left><FONT color=#ff0000>main()主函数
</FONT>每一C 程序都 <B><FONT color=#000000>必须</FONT></B> 有一<FONT color=#ff0000><B>main()</B></FONT>函数, 可以根据自己的爱好把它放在程序的某
个地方。有些程序员把它放在最前面, 而另一些程序员把它放在最后面, 无论放
( |( p: H3 ~7 P1 x在哪个地方, 以下几点说明都是适合的。
<FONT color=#000099>1. main() 参数 </FONT>
在Turbo C2.0启动过程中, 传递main()函数三个参数: argc, argv和env。
* argc: 整数, 为传给main()的命令行参数个数。
* argv: 字符串数组。
6 y& }, D" ], ^在DOS 3.X 版本中, argv[0] 为程序运行的全路径名; 对DOS 3.0
以下的版本, argv[0]为空串("") 。
argv[1] 为在DOS命令行中执行程序名后的第一个字符串;
argv[2] 为执行程序名后的第二个字符串;
5 i6 ]* ]* G2 Q1 }...
5 M% z7 T( I# o' Q* {) N  J# h1 f- gargv[argc]为NULL。
7 V' Q0 r8 ?/ B7 y* S1 ^*env: 安符串数组。env[] 的每一个元素都包含ENVVAR=value形式的字符
串。其中ENVVAR为环境变量如PATH或87。value 为ENVVAR的对应值如C:\DOS, C:
\TURBOC(对于PATH) 或YES(对于87)。
, |2 G" b' D! |6 e( d7 {8 ~7 oTurbo C2.0启动时总是把这三个参数传递给main()函数, 可以在用户程序中
7 L# T* f# Q7 s: m) c6 O* y说明(或不说明)它们, 如果说明了部分(或全部)参数, 它们就成为main()子程序
* d2 Y3 N0 @% v! e的局部变量。
请注意: 一旦想说明这些参数, 则必须按argc, argv, env 的顺序, 如以下
的例子:
/ \; K5 Y" G8 l<FONT color=#0000ff>main()
8 h: i5 B7 Y- k! h) W, R6 bmain(int argc)
3 a$ K, v% N4 u1 W5 x5 kmain(int argc, char *argv[])
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) </FONT>
其中第二种情况是合法的, 但不常见, 因为在程序中很少有只用argc, 而不
用argv[]的情况。
以下提供一样例程序EXAMPLE.EXE, 演示如何在main()函数中使用三个参数:
3 V" t( e, U% t: o/ _1 a<FONT color=#0000ff>/*program name EXAMPLE.EXE*/
- J6 h. U/ N% H! U0 N; r; U#include <STDIO.H>
! x2 L' G8 j" N* m; ]#include <STDLIB.H>
7 ?" Y" f' j- w) @# ~- {main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[])
8 B& Q. d; x* J# A{
& }) M/ {0 K* k; ^7 V! X- Lint i;
9 z# r- x9 V1 kprintf("These are the %d command- line arguments passed to
5 S9 J( X; Q4 X$ s1 ?main:\n\n", argc);
for(i=0; i&lt;=argc; i++)
printf("argv[%d]:%s\n", i, argv);
printf("\nThe environment string(s)on this system are:\n\n");
for(i=0; env!=NULL; i++)
printf(" env[%d]:%s\n", i, env);
! r- z) u4 f) Q} </FONT>
如果在DOS 提示符下, 按以下方式运行EXAMPLE.EXE:
C:\example first_argument "argument with blanks" 3 4 "last but
one" stop!
, b3 t, f1 _4 w! x* g. U注意: 可以用双引号括起内含空格的参数, 如本例中的: " argument
! y9 ~; l( O! X0 z# ]7 Twith blanks"和"Last but one")。
' _! W4 e  }/ ~5 X2 n结果是这样的:
/ S: Z& ?6 l4 \<FONT color=#0000ff>The value of argc is 7
; }$ f. ?  r0 b% Z* k0 FThese are the 7 command-linearguments passed to main:
+ m6 ~9 \- s5 {5 ?* ]5 ]argv[0]:C:\TURBO\EXAMPLE.EXE
argv[1]:first_argument
argv[2]:argument with blanks
  V5 e6 N" E- E8 K: c( aargv[3]:3
argv[4]:4
4 w- ?! w4 [% C. t9 f6 d2 l* @argv[5]:last but one
9 n0 @: R+ L$ E. a% q* \argv[6]:stop!
& O. b9 \  _' p  p. `+ \& v7 P/ Rargv[7]NULL)
The environment string(s) on this system are:
env[0]: COMSPEC=C:\COMMAND.COM
env[1]: PROMPT=$P$G /*视具体设置而定*/
env[2]: PATH=C:\DOS;C:\TC /*视具体设置而定*/
</FONT>
应该提醒的是: 传送main() 函数的命令行参数的最大长度为128 个字符 (包
" u, _: e* k& i括参数间的空格), 这是由DOS 限制的。
</P>
<><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: matherr </FONT>
功 能: 用户可修改的数学错误处理程序
用 法: int matherr(struct exception *e);
程序例: </P>
! I% j' F: O% @& K# n! _<><FONT color=#0000ff>/* This is a user-defined matherr function that prevents
2 ~8 g2 I& c$ X5 @8 H: Q7 s, ?any error messages from being printed. */ </FONT></P>
; J9 \. C# K% X! I- i; ?" Y3 y<><FONT color=#0000ff>#include<MATH.H> </FONT></P>
0 X* {; g2 B/ X! V5 v<><FONT color=#0000ff>int matherr(struct exception *a)
{
, L9 {# m/ s' o7 g( ?return 1;
' L0 X* \1 \- S. ~9 B}
</FONT>
5 a; k& c# ^* g9 k7 C! s
</P>
<><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: memccpy </FONT>
功 能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中
6 o1 f' h$ I. U2 z) x用 法: void *memccpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned char ch,
unsigned n);
( B1 s. q0 V- x0 h程序例: </P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H></FONT></P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
3 Y( H! ^; o  ?{
- M  e. G8 i; k1 g9 k6 y, w$ uchar *src = "This is the source string";
% D: s! |: @( i: t2 a$ A, r, E$ Lchar dest[50];
% B0 e* N! q# s  D4 _# N: ]$ Zchar *ptr; </FONT></P>
3 A/ |  |# V& D6 r# K# k5 I5 c<><FONT color=#0000ff>ptr = memccpy(dest, src, 'c', strlen(src)); </FONT></P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>if (ptr)
{
) W# w9 U" n* }*ptr = '\0';
printf("The character was found: %s\n", dest);
}
else
printf("The character wasn't found\n");
return 0;
. `) N1 D, m8 m. k+ P}
</FONT>
1 p. x5 K  \: _. i$ Y, c) v3 _. |</P>
<><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: malloc</FONT>
5 ^( t! D& k# S功 能: 内存分配函数
用 法: void *malloc(unsigned size);
程序例: </P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
  D5 k9 e/ {3 k, P4 p% g#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <ROCESS.H></FONT></P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
) }( O# R5 C2 o6 U/ v3 y1 X; u{
char *str; </FONT></P>
1 K$ H) k8 w  r  F; p<><FONT color=#0000ff>/* allocate memory for string */
/* This will generate an error when compiling */
% ?- V. V  S* ?/* with C++, use the new operator instead. */
) d& q6 f; y: Tif ((str = malloc(10)) == NULL)
{
8 _0 d  `) I+ _* Bprintf("Not enough memory to allocate buffer\n");
exit(1); /* terminate program if out of memory */
} </FONT></P>
" K, `* s: w, W* j. W<><FONT color=#0000ff>/* copy "Hello" into string */
strcpy(str, "Hello"); </FONT></P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>/* display string */
) w: q( A+ U& p; d% x8 Mprintf("String is %s\n", str); </FONT></P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>/* free memory */
free(str); </FONT></P>
0 }, E: N' E9 Z( }* T<><FONT color=#0000ff>return 0;
- b% N' Q5 {  a% z}

</FONT>
</P>
" u& M/ A: _; k0 ?* Q<><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: memchr</FONT>
功 能: 在数组的前n个字节中搜索字符
. u9 _$ h! L: u. E% O( R+ v6 M6 h# S用 法: void *memchr(void *s, char ch, unsigned n);
程序例: </P>
% e7 j) V* J; J: k' x0 {! g<><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H></FONT></P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
. l/ j4 ]# O4 l3 L6 l$ m+ h( Z* \char str[17];
char *ptr; </FONT></P>
1 `- S" I6 c7 O- K* E% H- a7 L9 ^3 b' T" a<><FONT color=#0000ff>strcpy(str, "This is a string");
ptr = memchr(str, 'r', strlen(str));
if (ptr)
5 G/ j* H% P  C6 X3 i/ M- Nprintf("The character 'r' is at position: %d\n", ptr - str);
  G2 V& R9 r; g$ v' N$ belse
printf("The character was not found\n");
return 0;
}
</FONT></P>
& ]+ L3 r6 j0 Q* K1 }<><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: memcpy </FONT>
- Y1 ]6 C* ?" A, g# r& \功 能: 从源source中拷贝n个字节到目标destin中
用 法: void *memcpy(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n);
9 I* c* U9 d* G" d" f2 v$ _4 k0 N程序例: </P>
, C& d2 ?; Q; H0 m+ g<><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
int main(void)
{
# C  t" n0 ]9 W5 B8 ~3 X7 Zchar src[] = "******************************";
/ m' {4 f/ F; z7 L$ n. @$ r1 hchar dest[] = "abcdefghijlkmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456709";
9 d2 k+ C( M) X" f& ?char *ptr;
printf("destination before memcpy: %s\n", dest);
ptr = memcpy(dest, src, strlen(src));
! d! i  f# H) C1 I/ n# q, Cif (ptr)
, e; |, o* @2 Q2 bprintf("destination after memcpy: %s\n", dest);
( ?$ i$ e; I# |/ G% }else
printf("memcpy failed\n");
, K$ o) f3 g, r4 ]5 u- ?return 0;
}
</FONT>
</P>
<><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: memicmp </FONT>
4 g. _! T- j  u$ \$ G* V功 能: 比较两个串s1和s2的前n个字节, 忽略大小写
# k, ?* F: q1 n# G' n2 H用 法: int memicmp(void *s1, void *s2, unsigned n);
* B. Q0 V4 e7 f+ `程序例: </P>
<><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STDIO.H>
0 h1 q: h0 U2 n#include <STRING.H></FONT></P>
2 N* M* C  y2 `4 F$ n+ ~<><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
# S7 a: N; L4 T{
4 D) i3 S' w( U' W, G. Dchar *buf1 = "ABCDE123";
char *buf2 = "abcde456";
2 S- a0 ~7 y9 p! _& }; d5 B! j% c9 yint stat;
stat = memicmp(buf1, buf2, 5);
printf("The strings to position 5 are ");
if (stat)
  M' I& n7 i, q% p" C2 Z% Tprintf("not ");
, E8 Q% @$ h" h# @# Bprintf("the same\n");
9 S: d. c9 {0 ?8 I5 `9 @return 0;
}
</FONT>
</P>
# Y0 h5 b! C3 R' f<><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: memmove </FONT>
* a$ n. ?# |9 Z; U功 能: 移动一块字节
用 法: void *memmove(void *destin, void *source, unsigned n);
0 b1 H9 k9 L6 k. i程序例: </P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STRING.H>
) z6 G1 _3 V* k+ A6 ?5 d#include <STDIO.H></FONT></P>
* A4 y( D) X9 d( p. ?<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
char *dest = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
- s0 @, E$ F- R8 lchar *src = "******************************";
printf("destination prior to memmove: %s\n", dest);
' [0 T* |& A3 X% J& Jmemmove(dest, src, 26);
printf("destination after memmove: %s\n", dest);
% b6 v9 Q" S! q* M4 r1 L3 ]return 0;
}
. ~6 [  C/ w, R
</FONT>
1 Y! B: U9 c. Y! O0 ~/ k7 v5 G</P>
8 H! s7 ~5 R; h<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: memset </FONT>
功 能: 设置s中的所有字节为ch, s数组的大小由n给定
6 s2 U  n8 I, O用 法: void *memset(void *s, char ch, unsigned n);
# Y; o! ^" t) F程序例: </P>
% l- v& \" T" ?, w4 ?% x# l<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <MEM.H></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
  y' @( l; l: Y! Y% `char buffer[] = "Hello world\n"; </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>printf("Buffer before memset: %s\n", buffer);
memset(buffer, '*', strlen(buffer) - 1);
( S5 J! t/ G& x, Oprintf("Buffer after memset: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} </FONT>

; H% L: B4 j- P</P>
<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: mkdir </FONT>
功 能: 建立一个目录
- L" ]7 o# L4 ?% C9 w用 法: int mkdir(char *pathname);
程序例: </P>
2 `2 q+ |, V8 k. W/ g4 v" V<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
: T. S6 H5 i. k/ w% [, ^#include <PROCESS.H>
- s! ^3 N4 l5 W6 H#include <DIR.H></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
1 h$ N# d# v1 B{
4 I7 b" D0 l: nint status; </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>clrscr();
( O+ s) t, [) @- |status = mkdir("asdfjklm");
8 v: H4 O; y3 E0 p6 ]  B(!status) ? (printf("Directory created\n")) :
: Y( z" F7 _- D- E! x, r(printf("Unable to create directory\n")); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>getch();
3 e4 z% p9 x/ n! S% w% D2 ^system("dir");
getch(); </FONT></P>
/ `4 s% |: L4 {7 l6 P1 a+ J9 l$ O. y<P><FONT color=#0000ff>status = rmdir("asdfjklm");
(!status) ? (printf("Directory deleted\n")) :
(perror("Unable to delete directory")); </FONT></P>
* Y# c7 |! d/ D: W- |* R<P><FONT color=#0000ff>return 0;
: L+ ^3 }- e* @3 k9 N6 c7 M1 ?}

. u$ @. H) T9 a6 W/ v</FONT>
</P>
8 \! o& E3 Y* u, a3 k  S<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: mktemp </FONT>
功 能: 建立唯一的文件名
  _2 @# q! ]$ c用 法: char *mktemp(char *template);
程序例: </P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H></FONT></P>
( s% d5 Q- V3 f8 H<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
/* fname defines the template for the
temporary file. */ </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>char *fname = "TXXXXXX", *ptr; </FONT></P>
/ r& i8 a" Y% r2 E& q<P><FONT color=#0000ff>ptr = mktemp(fname);
printf("%s\n",ptr);
  X( N# e. v5 \return 0;
3 R/ p$ t2 |4 D}
</FONT>
</P>
0 [& l( f/ u" A% \: _0 f9 i<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: MK_FP </FONT>
& O9 A; j, |1 ~6 q1 u功 能: 设置一个远指针
# H1 O; }. u( u. b4 H% U用 法: void far *MK_FP(unsigned seg, unsigned off);
程序例: </P>
2 \- C9 W$ Q- o* x3 s: J/ D  V<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <DOS.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H></FONT></P>
9 y: v$ B6 \' c4 z4 E+ o<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
$ \* x) T6 [( v{
int gd, gm, i;
8 k! O( v* |5 P7 }unsigned int far *screen; </FONT></P>
# N4 j5 L% {% M+ H( o<P><FONT color=#0000ff>detectgraph(&amp;gd, &amp;gm);
if (gd == HERCMONO)
screen = MK_FP(0xB000, 0);
% h& e( {2 [$ V: Uelse
screen = MK_FP(0xB800, 0);
3 B9 b* X6 A2 g; T/ N5 jfor (i=0; i&lt;26; i++)
/ l9 T3 U5 E7 V8 e) Xscreen = 0x0700 + ('a' + i);
* `* V8 j  P; \" w% [return 0;
* ~% _# q. k4 K6 J% ?}
</FONT>
0 K* ?' T+ h" G& o0 e% C</P>
. t% x3 }  e; Y' i* F<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: modf </FONT>
- j; K: a, |8 q/ ?! j功 能: 把数分为指数和尾数
4 c$ l2 x9 A! A5 @6 h* B( k+ F用 法: double modf(double value, double *iptr);
: {$ d5 L: t0 l+ U程序例: </P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <MATH.H>
#include <STDIO.H></FONT></P>
  n* f8 I" w6 L% m5 X) ]1 h<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
! r5 w& u$ ~. ~5 m{
double fraction, integer;
double number = 100000.567; </FONT></P>
: A% J- N1 k1 R8 n<P><FONT color=#0000ff>fraction = modf(number, &amp;integer);
! a; L: q0 p2 h0 v% o2 ]printf("The whole and fractional parts of %lf are %lf and %lf\n",
+ ]. i* \6 a/ M) V' Knumber, integer, fraction);
return 0;
} </FONT>

</P>
: [! G/ E6 w& g9 i! c7 ]<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: movedata </FONT>
" ?1 H* k& G* u8 w8 a8 b4 {功 能: 拷贝字节
用 法: void movedata(int segsrc, int offsrc, int segdest,
int offdest, unsigned numbytes);
程序例: </P>
& }, n/ [3 B5 S, R* y<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <MEM.H></FONT></P>
4 Z! b; _' T+ V* R% k<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#define MONO_BASE 0xB000 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* saves the contents of the monochrome screen in buffer */
. w4 k" o6 w1 Y7 Nvoid save_mono_screen(char near *buffer)
; [& ~2 h' r0 k  Q{
movedata(MONO_BASE, 0, _DS, (unsigned)buffer, 80*25*2);
! C% y$ Z9 F) `) c$ k% ~} </FONT></P>
3 k; M( d/ i. m9 s<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
; ^+ e" o$ {( O. N9 ]  ^char buf[80*25*2];
0 a2 E1 M$ l2 D2 gsave_mono_screen(buf);
' v, ]5 R1 k" T}
</FONT>
* }* i5 E$ I& ?$ r' n) E</P>
<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: moverel </FONT>
功 能: 将当前位置(CP)移动一相对距离
( N# _; y0 ^" m6 q, B2 N! I用 法: void far moverel(int dx, int dy);
程序例: </P>
2 e# a5 _  P) N, T<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
7 p; U5 |6 H) \int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
char msg[80]; </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&amp;gdriver, &amp;gmode, ""); </FONT></P>
; k9 E0 Q$ E/ a<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
1 I8 T  F5 o' e4 r! Xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
- ^% w0 [: u, D( L( j  F9 ]4 vprintf("Press any key to halt:");
1 @& B* n$ f* G8 ogetch();
2 u2 ^% P! m/ G- v* e3 ~exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} </FONT></P>
. q6 c# \2 O% S6 H<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */
moveto(20, 30); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); </FONT></P>
$ t) i8 c& Z( F- ^+ }' q<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */
4 [) {* j4 G9 d, n- ~( e0 J$ Csprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
outtextxy(20, 30, msg); </FONT></P>
, c* a; t6 `* j4 Y8 q4 ]9 d<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* move to a point a relative distance */
: `5 M& D) x. I! ^/* away from the current value of C.P. */
moverel(100, 100); </FONT></P>
$ T) d- E, E$ C<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
  W& ^# L0 b; o. [" a0 y; w) mputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); </FONT></P>
% V6 _" d; _) Z3 _3 v) g<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* create and output a message at C.P. */
8 n+ C* _! K# c- Z, Bsprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
outtext(msg); </FONT></P>
3 Q0 ^0 U; Q' t0 J& T4 x9 N<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* clean up */
6 q6 Q9 G, y" I7 ?- Bgetch();
closegraph();
; j! x6 E) \! I5 H4 t% x" X. ureturn 0;
6 ~. _  O5 N8 @3 U% U. K+ M}
1 [  R9 c/ D9 `# l" u9 i& B  l</FONT>
1 B1 D4 }' z+ ^( k& G9 d# ?</P>
<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: movetext</FONT>
8 F3 M* d1 f% U1 M功 能: 将屏幕文本从一个矩形区域拷贝到另一个矩形区域
用 法: int movetext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
int newleft, int newtop);
程序例:
  C4 J3 |/ w; C' b! n+ k. n/ _<FONT color=#0000ff>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STRING.H></FONT></P>
6 E' s$ x. C5 c<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
char *str = "This is a test string"; </FONT></P>
5 i: \: y9 X' S% c<P><FONT color=#0000ff>clrscr();
" L4 c2 E( a4 f! ?7 \cputs(str);
( b2 k; }7 U5 M! \getch(); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>movetext(1, 1, strlen(str), 2, 10, 10);
1 n3 I8 W  a+ X% A1 d" o" Dgetch(); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>return 0;
5 Y& w/ }% B" Y  x- m}
* f9 }5 k7 |. h9 L3 P2 `- Y% g
</FONT></P>
; j3 U- y" o+ a; M, s1 O<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: moveto</FONT>
功 能: 将CP移到(x, y)
$ p9 j4 [$ I- u1 w用 法: void far moveto(int x, int y);
程序例: </P>
* Z/ N) ~  T9 z9 u: f- G<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
9 N* _/ o! C+ h9 c$ n#include <CONIO.H></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
" V  A( O+ V; n8 k! a: g7 {{
* o5 ~4 ]. m0 R/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
) I: w* u9 N9 P2 D# nchar msg[80]; </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
0 \0 e( }2 m" f8 v- sinitgraph(&amp;gdriver, &amp;gmode, ""); </FONT></P>
8 V2 M. a9 r" B: L# C, N/ K2 h<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* read result of initialization */
- N% B9 M! e0 Ierrorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
8 k8 [' J) F/ cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
) E1 \$ L/ v  B' N% O4 P# v/ qprintf("Press any key to halt:");
- P  n8 A. Q  K6 S" jgetch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
6 w1 T+ M' c# E# ?8 n9 K: s} </FONT></P>
7 M' K9 m! a: g- c/ H<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* move the C.P. to location (20, 30) */
1 K: l6 y! ~4 i6 y0 [4 [moveto(20, 30); </FONT></P>
+ x9 i+ h4 Y4 F<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
putpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* create and output a message at (20, 30) */
sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
outtextxy(20, 30, msg); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* move to (100, 100) */
& H) c- @  r  |# Vmoveto(100, 100); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* plot a pixel at the C.P. */
$ _: c, H+ w  {9 m0 p$ aputpixel(getx(), gety(), getmaxcolor()); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* create and output a message at C.P. */
/ W1 ?% L/ h* [sprintf(msg, " (%d, %d)", getx(), gety());
" N# A5 B0 O, A( ?! a/ c5 `outtext(msg); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* clean up */
( v/ ~. X2 Y4 d! ~; ^7 j7 C. ~getch();
6 e& v! A9 N5 Mclosegraph();
return 0;
}
( ~/ P$ N: m8 M1 e</FONT>
( E. Y6 e9 t. L1 ?/ j; L</P>
<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: movemem </FONT>
功 能: 移动一块字节
0 F/ g/ A7 p3 w6 w& |& }8 z2 p用 法: void movemem(void *source, void *destin, unsigned len);
程序例: </P>
7 o& l& @2 L. R$ v<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <MEM.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
2 w/ }' ^) Y) w( T+ a#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H></FONT></P>
0 }0 D( K! d9 f9 f0 X5 J<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
char *source = "Borland International";
$ K" U$ i7 G7 }6 b( Q8 I7 mchar *destination;
  L% [8 e4 D+ F9 e2 l( s; M: lint length; </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>length = strlen(source);
, J, @4 `' W! a- D/ O& O$ T1 |. [7 Odestination = malloc(length + 1);
movmem(source,destination,length);
printf("%s\n",destination); </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>return 0;
}

</FONT></P>
) h" w, F; k2 a1 L( Q$ s3 I<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: normvideo </FONT>
功 能: 选择正常亮度字符
  M1 v" u( {# Y% @用 法: void normvideo(void);
8 G8 }0 _2 Q( e程序例: </P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>#include <CONIO.H></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
normvideo();
" F( ?4 b' ~, F4 R6 b9 vcprintf("NORMAL Intensity Text\r\n");
  H1 ^$ g4 [& ~8 g6 zreturn 0;
}

$ j& c0 o1 l: {7 `% b! i</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#ff0000>函数名: nosound</FONT>
' ^+ v. v+ N( T2 n功 能: 关闭PC扬声器
3 c' |/ D+ e( L用 法: void nosound(void);
8 v8 w) u3 P" G; {& a6 y* a程序例: </P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>True story: 7 Hz is the resonant frequency of a chicken's skull cavity.
This was determined empirically in Australia, where a new factory
generating 7-Hz tones was located too close to a chicken ranch:
2 U9 C1 V  V9 Z3 sWhen the factory started up, all the chickens died. </FONT></P>
0 }1 s! a( E) _% L<P><FONT color=#0000ff>Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone.
& U  r: u; l. }' N+ v7 [*/ </FONT></P>
* L& G7 T2 E# H: a7 C<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int main(void)
{
sound(7);
delay(10000);
" V; `, h' d4 b. Anosound();
}
. j* O) c3 S/ k0 G( C# T! N$ v</FONT></P>