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[分享]SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换

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发表于 2005-8-8 14:22 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
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< >熟悉<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER 2000</FONT>的数据库管理员都知道,其<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>可以进行数据的导入导出,其实,我们也可以使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出操作。在<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Transact-SQL</FONT>语句中,我们主要使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">OpenDataSource</FONT>函数、<FONT face="Times New Roman">OPENROWSET </FONT>函数,关于函数的详细说明,请参考<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>联机帮助。利用下述方法,可以十分容易地实现<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>数据转换,详细说明如下:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>1 H  ?8 Y) T# P; ]1 e5 w3 k
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
8 N! C3 c; _6 d0 x. @< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>一、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>
: J$ V: J- ]1 }< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
! B) v$ c1 r" |< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>常规的数据导入导出:使用<FONT face="Times New Roman">DTS</FONT>向导迁移你的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>数据到<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL Server</FONT>,你可以使用这些步骤:</P>
* A9 @4 U5 u' [< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
- ^: r% Q- @8 Y: A. ]  A" L< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>企业管理器中的<FONT face="Times New Roman">Tools</FONT>(工具)菜单上,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data Transformation</FONT></P>5 E5 N& ~% u; ]
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>+ g- _% W: y! W# e3 _* p, P7 w) d; u( q
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2Services</FONT>(数据转换服务),然后选择<FONT face="Times New Roman"> czdImport Data</FONT>(导入数据)。</P>9 t3 U0 F8 l- Z% T9 x1 V
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
/ u4 C' K( w: P1 l< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Data Source</FONT>(选择数据源)对话框中选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft Access as the Source</FONT>,然后键入你的。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>数据库(。<FONT face="Times New Roman">mdb</FONT>文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。</P>, n/ O: Z8 l5 _( U$ a( D+ j
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>- d/ P  V9 V; [
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Choose a Destination</FONT>(选择目标)对话框中,选择<FONT face="Times New Roman">Microsoft OLE</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">DB Prov ider for SQL</FONT> <FONT face="Times New Roman">Server</FONT>,选择数据库服务器,然后单击必要的验证方式。</P>/ V1 R3 p+ |& p* k! u; E" t
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
8 T* u! k. g/ ^- J* g< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    5</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Specify Table Copy</FONT>(指定表格复制)或<FONT face="Times New Roman">Query</FONT>(查询)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Copy tables</FONT>(复制表格)。</P>0 t3 ]( R& _; [6 p( H
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>6 _* S0 g9 V6 ^& R0 ~* ^
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    6</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select Source Tables</FONT>(选择源表格)对话框中,单击<FONT face="Times New Roman">Select All</FONT>(全部选定)。下一步,完成。</P>
8 `' u- }6 H, f3 x, O- j* A< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
) x- c0 l1 I' C; X: ?5 R! ]' H< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    Transact-SQL</FONT>语句进行导入导出:</P>
9 e% ~8 ~! T1 b9 Y1 U< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>$ t6 b3 f6 \- m7 H  X4 l, L7 P7 l
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1.</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>数据:</P>
6 [1 j. D6 b% `" X, k. k+ A< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>/ v8 k$ Z7 a4 k* ?- P) i% T) f
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\'</FONT>)……表名</P>* U  f9 m. l: [
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
$ q6 v: q$ w# v* ]3 }( J  T8 T( N& X< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">access</FONT>导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>
' s& O1 o5 ]& i& j* o< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
' Y2 Y* \0 F. g& Q9 O9 u6 U* \< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * INTO newtable FROM OPENDATASOURCE </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">assword=\\\' </FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
$ F3 c# d7 P) t$ H2 [( a/ E< ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>+ ~$ [7 I4 S3 p2 d( e6 }& ~/ v: s
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3.</FONT>将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>表里的数据插入到<FONT face="Times New Roman">Access</FONT>表中在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>里运行:</P>
/ p, D; N! Y6 S, g% I9 C<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>8 f4 G* C) e+ O# y: K
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source=" c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DB.mdb"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=\\\'</FONT>)……表名<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>(列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select </FONT>列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,列名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2 from sql</FONT>表<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>- w+ t  ?+ U* b
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>, X8 n3 d2 S3 S3 _3 R5 H1 \8 G
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">insert into OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\db.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Test</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> select id</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">name from Test</FONT></P>% B% I+ ]. {9 T, T0 x7 H
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>9 K( i$ g! U5 S7 r4 h
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    INSERT INTO OPENROWSET</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\trade.mdb\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'admin\\\'</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>表名)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> SELECT * FROM sqltablename</FONT></P>
7 _  ^9 Q! W( y' t1 a7 C. h5 ^<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
9 P9 i$ z+ q! f9 s$ y; }<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>二、<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER </FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>的数据导入导出</P>
; O7 z* N' _1 |+ _/ _<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
1 ]' O1 V, V2 u5 _- N8 f<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    1</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里查询<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>数据:</P>
. |* I$ q. L: a  V3 t6 q  I2 o) Y<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
7 |3 p2 L4 `- g, f0 V' T& @1 R<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>/ p* p9 q$ @- v& {% r9 M
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
, ^* l) i5 U4 G2 t" Z4 U" _6 D<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>下面是个查询的示例,它通过用于<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Jet </FONT>的<FONT face="Times New Roman"> OLE DB </FONT>提供程序查询<FONT face="Times New Roman"> Excel </FONT>电子表格。</P>4 m: X6 d3 k$ A8 B6 D
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>& b, ?, Y8 q: |! {8 `" c5 ?# _
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>
. H" @. L, f1 w<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>4 J- i; E4 F+ P* E; i% B
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    2</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>的数据导入<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL server </FONT>:</P>' h7 ]4 a2 n! O
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>$ E) H! W" Z1 d- q8 E
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\book1.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Sheet1$] </FONT></P>
+ y. S5 j/ W& ?: O; Q<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
4 C1 `) B+ R% C3 q<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Finance\\\\account.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xactions</FONT></P>3 _1 v0 Q# y* i" T+ Z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
) f) @0 C. R  Z# D* l4 ~  _( t<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    3</FONT>、将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>中查询到的数据导成一个<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>文件<FONT face="Times New Roman">T-SQL</FONT>代码:</P>
! f" z# n* b2 Z6 k- m+ b' o9 _<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
% u; y3 ]4 c4 c9 k1 m$ h  B<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""\\\'</FONT>参数:<FONT face="Times New Roman">S </FONT>是<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL</FONT>服务器名;<FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT>是用户;<FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT>是密码说明:还可以导出文本文件等多种格式<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>8 |4 |' J! `3 `9 x. o+ F$ V
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>! L* H& ]3 O% n) e) F, T% W6 S2 Z
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>实例:<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"\\\' </FONT></P>8 \, e( \. r6 u. z% y3 h
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
( g- S& J  Q. [0 {<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    EXEC master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT au_fname</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> au_lname FROM pubs</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'</FONT></P>7 J: `* R; j* B/ a& [
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>) B; l4 O' F5 e4 y2 n- x
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">VB6</FONT>中应用<FONT face="Times New Roman">ADO</FONT>导出<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>文件代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection cn.open "Driver={SQL Server}</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Server=WEBSVR</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">DataBase=WebMis</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">UID=sa</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">WD=123</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">" cn.execute "master</FONT>……<FONT face="Times New Roman">xp_cmdshell \\\'bcp "SELECT col1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> col2 FROM </FONT>库名。<FONT face="Times New Roman">dbo.</FONT>表名<FONT face="Times New Roman">" queryout E</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword\\\'" </FONT></P>
3 i5 t: u/ c3 J+ m<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>: |; W: V1 }8 n# N) T8 Q
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    4</FONT>、在<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>里往<FONT face="Times New Roman">Excel</FONT>插入数据:</P>
9 \; J1 M, @" s8 [, Q- S<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
7 a! }  H4 l1 @3 c/ V<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    insert into OpenDataSource</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Data Source="c</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\Temp.xls"</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">User ID=Admin</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Password=</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Extended properties=Excel 5.0\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">table1 </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">A1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> values </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>; i; M$ ^, z8 V- I7 }% {
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
3 P! F4 l- x/ A2 w4 D<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    T-SQL</FONT>代码:<FONT face="Times New Roman">INSERT INTO OPENDATASOURCE</FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0\\\'</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\'Extended Properties=Excel 8.0</FONT>;<FONT face="Times New Roman">Data source=C</FONT>:<FONT face="Times New Roman">\\\\training\\\\inventur.xls\\\'</FONT>)……<FONT face="Times New Roman">[Filiale1$] </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">bestand</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> produkt</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> VALUES </FONT>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT>,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> \\\'Test\\\'</FONT>)</P>
$ Z! D# k3 L. d# Z+ W9 D<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>; @4 x9 ?% F! I8 S5 v# g: _
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>总结:利用以上语句,我们可以方便地将<FONT face="Times New Roman">SQL SERVER</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">ACCESS</FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">EXCEL</FONT>电子表格软件中的数据进行转换,为我们提供了极大方便!</P>
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