常用数学公式（符号）读法.pdf

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Pronunciation of mathematical expressions
The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list
below. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary).
0 @* m' b  N. u1. Logic
( y) j3 B% z6 p! P. R6 H9 there exists
( b$ h6 c' _0 v8 for all
+ p9 q. {9 l" L% J# E% f& G, Zp ) q p implies q / if p, then q
4 i/ M. v0 g3 b5 Qp , q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent
2. Sets
x 2 A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A
x =2 A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A
' j' g$ I3 f7 _A ½ B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B
A ¾ B A contains B / B is a subset of A
A \ B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B
A [ B A cup B / A join B / A union B
A n B A minus B / the di®erence between A and B
A £ B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B
, |5 `# m+ p+ B% u6 J# n6 i8 s3. Real numbers
x + 1 x plus one
x ¡ 1 x minus one
x § 1 x plus or minus one
8 ~1 G3 ^' Z( b5 K/ V' J( Txy xy / x multiplied by y
9 I, P2 p  c$ z' E7 V  t! O5 f(x ¡ y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y
$ k9 S( e# U( a4 Gx
y
x over y
8 g8 ?  Q* b6 M5 B+ B= the equals sign
- _2 K9 v$ u; Y( F4 y) V/ Gx = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5
x 6= 5 x (is) not equal to 5
/ X& ]4 j, w) o* n1
! `# K9 U1 c( E) a  F* k7 Z3 Bx ´ y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y
+ P/ q+ u5 q) }8 n- cx 6´ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y
3 A- g' M7 Q0 K1 ox > y x is greater than y
x ¸ y x is greater than or equal to y
x < y x is less than y
8 C8 E, v: H6 s, H( Px · y x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1
5 \/ b5 _0 t  L8 [$ O# ?. y0 · x · 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1
$ r/ Q9 |/ c% sjxj mod x / modulus x
$ `& z# G3 y& a2 g" U  U) Lx2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2
: J- @) A1 F4 ^0 b" U) H& zx3 x cubed
3 p/ O1 k" k8 o$ W! Y  q; J' {x4 x to the fourth / x to the power four
+ W+ r6 q- B7 q/ rxn x to the nth / x to the power n
4 _2 Z0 L, z  `) h* V/ u1 n' lx&iexcl;n x to the (power) minus n
px (square) root x / the square root of x
p3 x cube root (of) x
+ x$ C8 V4 M6 |- T+ zp4 x fourth root (of) x
& x/ J$ U4 \( onpx nth root (of) x
(x + y)2 x plus y all squared
0 f& [; Q- a, Q&sup3;x
y
&acute;2
x over y all squared
n! n factorial
^x x hat
&sup1;x x bar
0 t9 M' n7 C# W! A; _~x x tilde
xi xi / x subscript i / x su±x i / x sub i
4 P/ V" {5 r. j: ^! O: t. X2 TXn
) J' Y$ G& m% B$ Mi=1
ai the sum from i equals one to n ai / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the ai
4. Linear algebra
* P, A1 c. G, \" A. \. ikxk the norm (or modulus) of x
O&iexcl;&iexcl;!A OA / vector OA
& B# U$ n8 R- d2 p( D' e) iOA OA / the length of the segment OA
AT A transpose / the transpose of A
+ p7 v0 q$ C4 d4 S1 p& N  y/ gA&iexcl;1 A inverse / the inverse of A
2
5. Functions
3 K# c. b7 k; ?/ ~' k# m' ^. Bf(x) fx / f of x / the function f of x
f : S ! T a function f from S to T
+ P- u1 a/ V% Q+ D& h0 y6 Cx 7! y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y
f0(x) f prime x / f dash x / the (&macr;rst) derivative of f with respect to x
( b0 W3 }  c4 u! ]; ~f00(x) f double{prime x / f double{dash x / the second derivative of f with
respect to x
f000(x) f triple{prime x / f triple{dash x / the third derivative of f with respect
to x
f(4)(x) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
@f
: o" J9 e! h6 P@x1
the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
+ z* S3 d( l) p) p3 X% S, m, g@2f
@x21
7 E3 [( F" U' `* j( p. n- n3 Dthe second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
Z
; ~7 G9 Q$ l6 y) F/ e* T" S1
- e( h. R5 i, b. k. j( q0
the integral from zero to in&macr;nity
- w1 R, g; e9 g- Ilim
x!0
5 J' d* v0 A/ t$ m6 A; q+ Uthe limit as x approaches zero
lim
x!+0
- X0 G- w! ^4 k; {" [the limit as x approaches zero from above
6 P7 b) a' o6 o( X9 ]! y" ~9 ?lim
9 ]# Y* s# _, [7 ^1 Gx!&iexcl;0
the limit as x approaches zero from below
loge y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
ln y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
Individual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions
" N3 [& ]( {0 @/ I- k5 F$ cand in many cases there is no generally accepted \correct" pronunciation.
0 @6 ^3 d% H8 \Distinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech; thus the sounds fx may
be interpreted as any of: fx, f(x), fx, FX, FX, F&iexcl;&iexcl;X!. The di&reg;erence is usually made clear
/ Y: k. E$ v# y# j/ V2 Q3 C7 Sby the context; it is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasise
the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms: f multiplied by x, the function
/ ?. z. }: f4 rf of x, f subscript x, line FX, the length of the segment FX, vector FX.
  n, @$ @( N7 T/ u- }Similarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (except sometimes
0 f8 n( T) u: L; V" }' B2 Ja di&reg;erence in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the following:
x + (y + z) and (x + y) + z
pax + b and pax + b
& ^5 ~/ O+ c7 G# t. G4 O* Zan &iexcl; 1 and an&iexcl;1
2 m& G. g/ F4 \& V4 p1 `The primary reference has been David Hall with Tim Bowyer, Nucleus, English for Science
0 W# P* [3 ]% w3 B7 B" |% b6 S! Dand Technology, Mathematics, Longman 1980. Glen Anderson and Matti Vuorinen have
, H' v+ t$ l$ E/ agiven good comments and supplements.
' X3 d6 I% E7 y8 s! X. x( Z3

lilianjie

NO常用数学公式

孤寂冷逍遥

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